EP2471048A1 - Système pour faciliter le sauvetage de personnes vulnérables - Google Patents

Système pour faciliter le sauvetage de personnes vulnérables

Info

Publication number
EP2471048A1
EP2471048A1 EP10727125A EP10727125A EP2471048A1 EP 2471048 A1 EP2471048 A1 EP 2471048A1 EP 10727125 A EP10727125 A EP 10727125A EP 10727125 A EP10727125 A EP 10727125A EP 2471048 A1 EP2471048 A1 EP 2471048A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphone
access area
rescuers
alarm
visual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10727125A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nicolas James Toop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2471048A1 publication Critical patent/EP2471048A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B1/00—Systems for signalling characterised solely by the form of transmission of the signal
    • G08B1/08—Systems for signalling characterised solely by the form of transmission of the signal using electric transmission ; transformation of alarm signals to electrical signals from a different medium, e.g. transmission of an electric alarm signal upon detection of an audible alarm signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G08B29/28—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by changing the gain of an amplifier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B3/00—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems
    • G08B3/10—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
    • G08B5/22—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G08B5/36—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
    • G08B5/22—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G08B5/36—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources
    • G08B5/38—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources using flashing light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • G08B7/064—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources indicating houses needing emergency help, e.g. with a flashing light or sound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • G08B7/066—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources guiding along a path, e.g. evacuation path lighting strip

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a system for assisting the rescue of vulnerable persons such as young children, elderly and the disabled, from buildings, particularly by fire rescue crew.
  • the US Fire Administration has produced statistics showing that an estimated 2800 children aged 14 or younger are injured and 850 killed annually in residential fires. Of these children, over 40% are under the age of 5 and 70% under the age of 10.
  • the crew on entering a burning building, will, as a first priority, search rooms in a strictly specified order common to all buildings, eg clockwise starting from the first room on the right of the entrance. This ensures that every room is systematically searched even in difficult conditions where visibility is limited.
  • This invention arose from an observation that, during fires, there is an instinctive reaction, particularly in young children, to hide in their bedrooms, often under the bed or in the wardrobe or a closed space like a cupboard whilst the more able bodied will attempt to escape from the building. Children revert to a state of mind "if they cant see it cant hurt them”. Despite the best efforts of fire safety education in schools and from parents, children, particularly young children still seek safety from fires by hiding in their bedrooms. The vast majority of children killed in domestic fires are found in their bedrooms. Consequently, any room used by a child or other vulnerable person is more likely than other rooms to contain a person in need of rescue.
  • the invention resides partly in the theory that, for the above reason, a rescue exercise that involves an initial search of rooms likely to be occupied by children or other vulnerable people is likely to improve the statistics of successful rescues.
  • the invention provides a system arranged to assist the rescue of vulnerable persons from a building comprising an internal access area and a number of rooms having doors opening onto the access area, characterised by a visual signalling unit mounted on or adjacent the door of a room identified as containing a vulnerable person and visible to persons in the access area, the signalling unit comprising: a microphone; means for processing an output of the microphone so as to identify a sound emanated from an alarm; and means for generating, in response to such detection, a visual signal, visible to rescuers in the access area.
  • the visual signalling unit may be designed to respond to other types of alarm signal. For example the sound of a carbon monoxide alarm, the sound of a fire alarm, it may be hard wired into an alarm system.
  • the UK Fire and Rescue Service (which is typical of similar services worldwide) estimates that the minimum response time between receipt of a call for help and arrival at the scene of a fire is 4 minutes in an average urban location. In remote locations it may be very much longer.
  • the inventors have realised that, because their invention is intended to assist a professional rescuer to find a potential victim, the whole of this 4 minute time period (with a margin for error) is available for observing and analysing the sound of the smoke alarm to avoid false triggering by other sounds. This contrasts with known sound activated flasher units that are designed to be activated immediately after activation of a smoke alarm for the purpose of indicating exit and entry point to the building.
  • a preferred feature of the invention is that the sound from the smoke alarm is observed for as long as is necessary (up to a limit of 4 minutes) in order to be as sure as possible of avoiding false actuations or actuations arising from minor incidents such as the burning toast scenario referred to earlier.
  • a period of at least 15 and preferably 30 seconds is preferred because it has been found that few extraneous sources of sound will mimic a smoke detector consistently for a 30 second period. Better still is a period of 1, 2 or 4 minutes, which will also give sufficient time for minor incidents, that are not true emergencies, to be dealt with.
  • the analysis of the sound over the abovementioned long period of time can be effectively achieved by inspecting the output of a microphone during this period, and generating an indication of variations in frequency, pulse rate and/or on/off ratio in the signal.
  • An audible signal from a smoke alarm will be highly consistent over a period of 4 minutes whilst other sounds, that might be difficult to distinguish from a smoke alarm using traditional filtering methods, are unlikely to continue without variation, for 30 seconds or more.
  • Fig 1 is a schematic plan view of a building fitted with a system in accordance with the invention
  • Fig 2 is a circuit diagram of an indicator unit mounted outside one of the rooms of the building.
  • Fig 3 is a flow chart showing the principal operations performed by a processor indicted on Fig 2.
  • a building having an outer wall 1, a number of rooms IA to IH and an access area A. Doors 3 open into rooms IA to IH respectively and a door 4, in the outer wall, opens into the access area A.
  • Each of the rooms IA to IH and the access area contains a ceiling-mounted smoke detector SD of conventional construction. This is designed to emit an alarm signal in the form of a sound burst or "bleep" having a frequency of f and a duration of ti. This sound burst is repeated indefinitely with periods of to between bursts.
  • Fig 1 it is assumed that room IF has been identified as being occupied by a vulnerable person.
  • Adjacent to the door 3 of this room and visible to persons in the access area A is a visual signalling unit 5. This is designed to respond to an alarm signal from any of the smoke alarms by emitting a flashing light to direct a rescuer, on entering the access area A, directly to the room containing the most vulnerable person.
  • the visual signalling unit 5 comprises a housing adapted to be fixed to the wall and containing a circuit shown, in simplified form, on Fig 2.
  • This comprises a microphone 6 comprising an off-the shelf piezoelectric device 6A, adjustable resistor 6B, capacitor 6C and resistor 6D.
  • the output of the microphone 6 is passed to an amplifier and filter 7 having three identical stages 7 A, 7B and 7C.
  • Each of these stages includes an OP amp such as component MCP6144 available from Microchip Technology Inc. used in a multiple feedback configuration and designed to pass frequencies within the band 2.5 to 3.8 KHz.
  • a pair of diodes 7D between the second and third stages prevents the third stage from saturating and causing excessive demands of the battery.
  • the output of the amplifier 7 is passed to a square wave generator 8 comprising a capacitor 8A and a Schmitt trigger 8B.
  • the resulting square waves still at audio frequencies, are passed to a programmed microprocessor 9 such as component PIC18F24K20 of Microchip Technology Inc.
  • the output of the amplifier 7 is also passed to a wake-up circuit 10 where it is first rectified by an arrangement of diodes 1OA and capacitors 1OB and resistor 1OC. The rectified signal is then passed to a low pass filter formed by resistor 1OD and capacitor 1OE. When the rectified voltage, has exceeded a certain level, say 2 volts, for a significant period, say 1 second, the voltage on capacitor 1OE becomes sufficient to operate a Schmitt trigger 1OF, indicating the presence for that 1 second period, of a sound having a frequency consistent with that of a smoke detector.
  • the Schmitt trigger when triggered, switches and holds on the power from battery Bl to the microprocessor 9. When there is no detected sound, the microprocessor is switched off by the circuit 10 thereby avoiding demand on a battery Bl.
  • the battery supplies power to each of the components 7, 8, 9 and 10 but the demand from the microprocessor 8 is the greatest.
  • the microprocessor In addition to receiving timing signals from the square wave generator 8, the microprocessor has access to a store 11 containing, for all known commercially available smoke alarms, information defining i) the range of average audio frequencies, ii) the range of periods between the start of any one burst and the start of the next burst, and iii) the range of on/off ratios. It is programmed to perform a logical operation which will be described later with reference to Fig 3 and to produce a pulsing output (of 0.5 Hz with an on/of ratio of 2/7) only when it has detected a consistent pattern of input signals for a period of one minute.
  • the output from the microprocessor is fed to an LED driver circuit 12 powered, in this particular example, from a separate battery B2, to drive an LED 12 A.
  • an LED driver circuit 12 powered, in this particular example, from a separate battery B2
  • the system is re-set using a reset switch RS connected to the processor.
  • a real time clock 13 when the processor 9 has been switched on by the wake-up circuit 10, a real time clock 13 generates interrupt signals at times T 1 , T 2 , T3 etc, defining time slots between them.
  • each time slot is 20 ms.
  • the square wave generator 8 of Fig 2, also shown on Fig 3, produces bursts of square waves corresponding to the bursts of noise detected from the smoke alarm that has activated the wake-up circuit.
  • the zero crossing points are counted and stored at 14.
  • the count for each time slot representing the instantaneous frequency of the input signal, is compared with a set range of counts which are known to be generated if the detect sound has emanated from commercially available smoke alarms.
  • the set range of counts is 100 to 200, corresponding to smoke alarm frequencies of 2 to 4 KHz.
  • the incremental count derived at 15 is outside the set range, it is assumed that the current burst of sound or "bleep" has finished and the finishing time, eg T n is recorded at 16.
  • the start time is, eg Tn+ 1, is recorded at 17.
  • the count values from 14 and the burst start and ending times from 17 and 16 respectively, are processed at 18 to derive, for each burst and subsequent period of silence: i) the average frequency of the burst, ii) the period of the burst, and iii) the on/off ratio. These values are all compared at 19 with ranges of corresponding values for known smoke alarms stored at 11.
  • value i) may be specified as being within a range of 2 to 4 KHz; value ii) between 0.5 to 2 seconds; and value iii) 95% to 50%. If no match is found the power to the processor 8 is switched off.
  • a step is performed at 20 to test for consistency of the values i), ii) and iii) over the time since the wake-up circuit 9 switched on the processor. If the values are all found to match within a specified tolerance (in this example 10%), a score, held in a register 21 is incremented by 1. If any one of these values are found to have varied by more than the specified tolerance, the register is decremented by an amount greater than 1. In this particular example it is decremented by 3. In this way, the register 21 contains a measure of the consistency of the sensed sound. This is important because, although different smoke alarms have a wide variety of different sounds depending on make and model, they can all be relied upon to be highly consistent over a long period of time.
  • a specified tolerance in this example 10%
  • the score held in register 21 reaches zero (it is not permitted to be less than zero), this is detected at 22 and the power to the processor 9 is switched off. If the score reaches a value corresponding to a 2 minutes of processor switch-on time (in alternative embodiments this could be up to 4 minutes), this is detected at 23, causing a strobe circuit 42 to produce a pulsed output to the LED driver circuit 11 before the fire crew arrive at the scene of the fire.
  • the embodiment of the invention that has been described is particularly effective and reliable because it employs, for processing, at least a substantial proportion of the minimum time taken for a fire crew to respond and arrive and because it examines the signal for consistency of the parameters referred to by references i), ii) and iii) above rather than the more obvious choice of relying on instantaneous measurements of frequency etc.
  • the store 10 could be loaded with values i), ii) and iii) for every known make and model of smoke alarm. Although it would still necessary to have a margin for error in the comparison process 37, this margin does not have to be as wide as the ranges used to cover all alarms. However, a problem with that alternative is that resetting of the store would be needed whenever a new alarm is marketed. In another variation, the one minute time period during which processing takes place and the one second timing period of the wake-up circuit 9 could be varied. Another possible variation would be to arrange the microprocessor to switch on the amplifier 6 only intermittently.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

Lorsqu'elle entre dans un bâtiment en feu (1), une équipe de pompiers explore les pièces (1A à 1H) dans un ordre strictement spécifié pour s'assurer que toutes les pièces sont explorées. Le problème posé par ce protocole est qu'il ne garantit pas que la priorité absolue est donnée aux pièces susceptibles d'abriter des personnes vulnérables comme des enfants. Ce problème est résolu par l'utilisation d'une unité de signalisation visuelle (5) montée sur la porte ou à proximité de la porte d'une pièce (1F) identifiée comme abritant une personne vulnérable et visible pour les secouristes dans la zone d'accès. L'unité de signalisation comprend : un microphone (6) ; un moyen (9) de traitement d'une sortie du microphone permettant d'identifier un son émis par un détecteur de fumée ; et des moyens (12, 12A) pour produire, en réponse à cette détection, un signal visuel, visible pour les secouristes dans la zone d'accès. Un détecteur de fumée doit répondre immédiatement de façon à alerter les occupants d'un bâtiment et les secouristes. Toutefois, un délai sépare inévitablement la détection d'un incendie de l'arrivée des secours suite à cette détection. L'invention ayant pour but d'être visible par les secouristes, elle ne doit pas nécessairement répondre immédiatement, à la différence du détecteur de fumée lui-même. Au moins une partie du délai (au moins 15 secondes et de préférence davantage) entre la détection de l'incendie et l'arrivée des secours peut par conséquent être utilement utilisée pour traiter les signaux sonores reçus afin d'éliminer les fausses alarmes. Sans ce traitement, il pourrait y avoir un problème de différenciation du son émis par un détecteur de fumée et d'autres bruits ambiants comme la musique ou le chant des oiseaux.
EP10727125A 2009-05-27 2010-05-27 Système pour faciliter le sauvetage de personnes vulnérables Withdrawn EP2471048A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0909077A GB0909077D0 (en) 2009-05-27 2009-05-27 Safety device
GB0914014A GB2472466B (en) 2009-05-27 2009-08-11 A system for assisting the rescue of vulnerable persons
PCT/GB2010/050886 WO2010136807A1 (fr) 2009-05-27 2010-05-27 Système pour faciliter le sauvetage de personnes vulnérables

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2471048A1 true EP2471048A1 (fr) 2012-07-04

Family

ID=40863020

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10724559A Withdrawn EP2507777A1 (fr) 2009-05-27 2010-05-27 Dispositif de réponse à un signal d'alarme
EP10727125A Withdrawn EP2471048A1 (fr) 2009-05-27 2010-05-27 Système pour faciliter le sauvetage de personnes vulnérables

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10724559A Withdrawn EP2507777A1 (fr) 2009-05-27 2010-05-27 Dispositif de réponse à un signal d'alarme

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2507777A1 (fr)
GB (3) GB0909077D0 (fr)
WO (2) WO2010136808A1 (fr)

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US9916738B2 (en) 2014-03-27 2018-03-13 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Detection and notification of pressure waves by lighting units
WO2020257855A1 (fr) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Wat Export Import Pty Limited Dispositif et procédé pour indiquer une issue de secours
AU2020330299A1 (en) * 2019-08-11 2022-02-24 Gilbert Alain Lindsay Garrick Occupant warning system sounder testing and method

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0909077D0 (en) 2009-07-01
GB2472466A (en) 2011-02-09
GB2472466B (en) 2011-12-14
GB2470616B (en) 2012-08-29
EP2507777A1 (fr) 2012-10-10
GB2470616A (en) 2010-12-01
WO2010136808A1 (fr) 2010-12-02
GB0914016D0 (en) 2009-09-16
GB0914014D0 (en) 2009-09-16
WO2010136808A4 (fr) 2011-03-10
WO2010136807A1 (fr) 2010-12-02
WO2010136807A4 (fr) 2011-03-10

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