EP2469354B1 - Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range - Google Patents

Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2469354B1
EP2469354B1 EP11190965.1A EP11190965A EP2469354B1 EP 2469354 B1 EP2469354 B1 EP 2469354B1 EP 11190965 A EP11190965 A EP 11190965A EP 2469354 B1 EP2469354 B1 EP 2469354B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
assembly
aperture
intermediate part
assembly method
stress
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11190965.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2469354A3 (en
EP2469354A2 (en
Inventor
Marco Verardo
Pierre Cusin
Arthur Queval
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nivarox Far SA
Nivarox SA
Original Assignee
Nivarox Far SA
Nivarox SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nivarox Far SA, Nivarox SA filed Critical Nivarox Far SA
Priority to EP11190965.1A priority Critical patent/EP2469354B1/en
Publication of EP2469354A2 publication Critical patent/EP2469354A2/en
Publication of EP2469354A3 publication Critical patent/EP2469354A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2469354B1 publication Critical patent/EP2469354B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G04B13/022—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft with parts made of hard material, e.g. silicon, diamond, sapphire, quartz and the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G04B17/325—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton for fastening the hairspring in a fixed position, e.g. using a block
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G04B17/34—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton for fastening the hairspring onto the balance
    • G04B17/345—Details of the spiral roll
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D1/00—Gripping, holding, or supporting devices
    • G04D1/0007—Gripping, holding, or supporting devices for assembly entirely by hand
    • G04D1/0042—Gripping, holding, or supporting devices for assembly entirely by hand tools for setting, riveting or pressing, e.g. nippers for this purpose
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/04—Devices for placing bearing jewels, bearing sleeves, or the like in position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49579—Watch or clock making
    • Y10T29/49581—Watch or clock making having arbor, pinion, or balance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
    • Y10T29/49934—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall by axially applying force
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an assembly of a part whose material does not comprise a plastic field with a member comprising another type of material.
  • the document EP 2,107,433 discloses a first piece made of silicon which is assembled on a metal intermediate piece and then assembled on a metal shaft.
  • the embodiments proposed in this document are unsatisfactory and either cause the breakage of the silicon-based part during its assembly, or insufficiently solidarity parts between them.
  • one end of the intermediate piece is folded over the silicon part by generating only axial constraints which has the effect of breaking the silicon part.
  • the document proposes the use of faceting which results in a non-uniform distribution of the stress on the silicon also causing the breakage of the silicon part.
  • the document CH 699 680 discloses assembling a mobile on an axis using a plastic intermediate piece.
  • the document EP 1 850 193 discloses the assembly of a silicon element on an axis using a metal intermediate piece having a particular structure and a flange.
  • the document CH 700 260 discloses the manufacture of a balance according to the particular torque of a spiral for mounting it on a common axis.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing a glueless assembly capable of securing a part whose material does not include a plastic field with a member comprising a ductile material such as, for example, a metal or a metal alloy.
  • This method advantageously makes it possible to radially fasten the member and the workpiece without any axial force being applied to the workpiece. Indeed, advantageously according to the invention, only a radial elastic deformation is applied to the workpiece.
  • this configuration advantageously makes it possible to secure the entire part - intermediate part - body without bonding with a usual member to the precision controlled while ensuring that the piece does not undergoes no destructive effort even if it is formed, for example, from monocrystalline silicon.
  • the invention relates to an assembly and its method for joining a fragile material, that is to say not having a plastic domain such as a monocrystalline silicon-based material, with a ductile material. as a metal or a metal alloy.
  • This assembly was designed for applications in the watchmaking field. However, other areas can perfectly be imagined as including aeronautics, jewelry, automotive or the arts of the table.
  • this assembly is made necessary by the growing share of fragile materials such as those based on silicon, quartz, corundum or more generally ceramic.
  • fragile materials such as those based on silicon, quartz, corundum or more generally ceramic.
  • the invention relates to an assembly between a member made of a first material, for example ductile such as steel, in which opening a part made of a second material having no plastic domain, such as a silicon-based material, by deformation of an intermediate part, into a third material, which is mounted between said member and said part.
  • a member made of a first material for example ductile such as steel
  • opening a part made of a second material having no plastic domain, such as a silicon-based material by deformation of an intermediate part, into a third material, which is mounted between said member and said part.
  • the intermediate portion comprises a light intended to receive said member.
  • the intermediate portion deformed elastically and plastically, radially clamps said member and constrains said piece elastically to non-destructively fasten the assembly for said piece.
  • the outer wall of the intermediate portion is substantially shaped corresponding to the opening of the workpiece in order to exert a substantially uniform radial stress on the wall of the part surrounding said opening. Indeed, during the researches carried out, it appeared preferable that the intermediate portion distribute uniformly the radial stresses induced by its deformation on the wall of the room surrounding the opening.
  • the outer wall of the intermediate portion is in substantially continuous cylinder shape, that is to say without radial slot or axial throughthrough other than the light intended to receive the organ, to avoid localized stresses on a small surface of the wall of the room surrounding the opening of the fragile part which are suitable for breaking the fragile material.
  • the shape of the opening in the fragile part may differ in being, for example, asymmetrical in order to avoid relative displacements between the elements of the assembly.
  • such an asymmetric opening can thus be, for example, substantially elliptical.
  • the wall of room 3 can be provided grooves 1 protruding into the opening 4.
  • the flutes 1 run over the entire thickness of the part 3 and have a convex outer surface of maximum height h.
  • the flutes 1 may be substantially rectilinear or not.
  • the intermediate part with a shape corresponding to the opening having a light can be interpreted, if the section of the opening is circular, as a solid ring whose inner and outer walls are continuous, that is to say say without groove or more generally material discontinuity.
  • the corresponding shape of the intermediate part therefore makes it possible, by elastic and plastic deformation, to generate only a substantially uniform radial stress on a maximized surface of the wall of the part around the opening.
  • this form of corresponding wall is also applicable to the inner wall of the intermediate portion facing the body. It is then understood that the shape of the inner wall could correspond to that external of the member to generate a substantially uniform radial stress of the inner wall of the intermediate portion on a maximized surface of the outer wall of the body.
  • a first step thus consists in forming part 3 in a material having no plastic domain with an opening 4.
  • the opening 4 comprises a section e 1 , which, preferably, is between 0.5 and 2 mm and, optionally, the grooves 1 of the figure 11 protruding into the opening 4 have a height of between 5 and 25 microns.
  • Such a step can be carried out by etching in dry or wet form, such as, for example, a deep reactive ion etching (also known as the English abbreviation "DRIE").
  • DRIE deep reactive ion etching
  • the method consists in forming the member, a pivot axis 5 in the example of the Figures 1 and 2 in a second material with a main section e 2 .
  • the second step can be performed according to the usual processes for producing axes.
  • the member 5 is preferably metallic and may, for example, be formed of steel.
  • the method in a third step, consists in forming the intermediate portion 7, in a third material, with a light 8 of internal section e 4 and outer section e 3 whose wall is substantially corresponding in shape to the opening 4.
  • the third step can thus be performed from a usual machining and / or an electroforming process.
  • the third material is more ductile than the second material of the member 5 so that the latter deforms less or not at all during the deformation step.
  • the intermediate portion 7 is preferably metallic and may thus comprise nickel and / or gold. However, any other ductile material may advantageously be added to the third material or replace it.
  • the first three steps have no consecutivity to respect and can even be performed at the same time.
  • the intermediate portion 7 is introduced without contact in the opening 4. This means as visible in the figure 1 that the section e 1 of the opening 4 is greater than or equal to the outer section e 3 of the intermediate portion 7.
  • the difference between the section e 1 of the opening 4, or possibly the flutes 1, and the outer section e 3 of the intermediate portion 7 is approximately 10 ⁇ m, that is to say an interstice about 5 microns separating the part 3 from the intermediate part 7.
  • the intermediate portion 7 is held in the opening 4 with the aid of 11 of the tools 11, 13 used for the deformation step.
  • the tool 11 comprises a recess 12 intended to receive the member 5.
  • the member 5 is introduced without contact in the lumen 8 of the intermediate portion 7. This means as visible in FIG. figure 1 that the section e 4 of the light 8 is greater than or equal to the outer section e 2 of the member 5.
  • the difference between the section e 4 of the lumen 8 and the external section e 2 of the member 5 is about 10 ⁇ m, that is to say a gap of about 5 ⁇ m which separates the member 5 of the intermediate part 7.
  • the member 5 is held in the slot 8 by means of said recess 12 of the tool 11 of section substantially equivalent to that e 2 of the member 5.
  • the method comprises a sixth step of elastically and plastically deforming the intermediate portion 7 by bringing the tools 11, 13 in the axial direction A in order to exert a constraint.
  • radial C, B respectively against the member 5 and against the wall of the part surrounding the opening 4 by biasing the elastic deformation of the part 3.
  • the deformation is parameterized so that the tightening is greater than the interstices between the undeformed intermediate portion 7 and, on the one hand, the wall of the opening 4 and, on the other hand, the member 5.
  • the clamping is between 16 and 40 microns.
  • the elastic and plastic deformation of the intermediate portion 7 exerts both the elastic deformation of the part 3 around the opening 4 but also the elastic and / or plastic deformation of the member 5 in order to secure together the member 5, the intermediate portion 7 and the piece 3 as visible in the figure 2 .
  • the end of the intermediate portion 7, during deformation folds superficially over the piece 3 without exerting any axial stress on the piece 3.
  • this embodiment notably allows automatic centering of the assembly 5 - intermediate part 7 - part 3.
  • no axial force (by definition likely to be destructive) is applied to the part 3 during the process. Only a radial elastic deformation mastered as a function of the programmed stress of the tools 11, 13, is applied to the piece 3. It should also be noted that the use of the intermediate portion 7 whose outer wall is substantially corresponding shape to the opening 4 allows, during the radial deformation B of the intermediate portion 7, to exert a uniform stress on the wall of the part surrounding the opening 4 to prevent breakage of the piece 3 of fragile material and s' to adapt to the manufacturing dispersions of the different elements, for example splines 1.
  • the intermediate portion 7 comprises a conical and coaxial recess 10 with respect to the light 8 in order, during the deformation step, to facilitate the radial orientation B, C of the stress induced by the deformation of the intermediate portion 7 but also make said constraint progressive.
  • the slope 9 forming the conical recess 10 induces an initial contact surface against the tool 12 reduced to a circle by forcing the outer wall of the intermediate portion 7 to deform radially with a progressive tightening against the wall of the part surrounding the opening 4 and against the body 5.
  • the conical recess 10 communicates with the light 8 forming a flat between the slope 9 and the edge of the light 8.
  • This characteristic that is to say that the conical recess 10 communicates with the light 8, as shown below is however not essential and the recess 10 and its slope 9 may be of different shapes and dimensions.
  • Figures 5 and 6 present a second embodiment of the method.
  • Figures 5 and 6 have an alternative in which the member 15 is substantially different from the member 5 by having a collar 16.
  • the tool 21 in the lower part no longer needs to have a recess 12 adapted to receive the organ But more simply a through hole 22 of section at least equal to or greater than that of the member 15.
  • the intermediate portion 7 and, optionally, the part 3 can thus be carried by the flange 16.
  • the deformation of the intermediate portion 7 at its lower portion is no longer performed directly by the tool 21 but through the collar 16 without the process losing its interest.
  • the piece 3 is under elastic stress at the intermediate portion 7 and locked against the flange 16 of the member 15.
  • Figures 7 to 10 present a third embodiment of the method.
  • Figures 7 to 10 have an alternative in which the intermediate portion 27, 27 ', 27 ", 27"' is substantially different from the intermediate portion 7 of the first embodiment by having a flange 26, 26 ', 26 “, 26”'. Therefore, the third embodiment uses the same tools 11, 13 as the first embodiment.
  • the piece 3 is under elastic stress at the intermediate portion 27, 27 ', 27 ", 27"' and locked against the flange 26, 26 ', 26 ", 26”'.
  • the intermediate portion 27 has a conical recess 30 whose slope 29 communicates directly with the light 28, that is to say without flat.
  • the intermediate portion 27 ', 27 “, 27”' comprises a conical recess 30 ', 30 ", 30"' whose slope 29 ', 29 “, 29”' does not communicate with the light 28 ', 28 ", 28'” but is separated by a ring 31 ', 31 ", 31”'.
  • the height of the ring may thus be lower than that of the end of the slope 29 ', be 31 "greater than that of the end of the slope 29" or be greater than 31 "' end of the slope 29 "'.
  • the tool 13 vis-à-vis, during the deformation step, the slope 29 ', 29 “, 29”' without coming into contact with the ring 31 ', 31 ", 31”'.
  • the assemblies presented above are capable of being combined with one another according to the intended applications.
  • the assemblies may be applied, in a non-exhaustive manner, to an element of a timepiece such as an anchor, an escape wheel, a balance spring, a balance, a bridge or more generally a mobile.
  • the assemblies according to the invention can also allow the joining of any type of watchmaking member or not whose body is formed of a material having no plastic domain (silicon, quartz, etc.) with an axis such as, for example, a resonator of the tuning fork type or more generally a MEMS (acronym from the English term "Micro-Electro-Mechanical System").

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à un assemblage d'une pièce dont le matériau ne comporte pas de domaine plastique avec un organe comportant un autre type de matériau.The invention relates to an assembly of a part whose material does not comprise a plastic field with a member comprising another type of material.

Arrière plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Les assemblages actuels comportant une pièce à base de silicium sont généralement solidarisés par collage. Une telle opération nécessite une extrême finesse d'application ce qui la rend coûteuse.Current assemblies comprising a silicon-based part are generally bonded together. Such an operation requires extreme finesse of application which makes it expensive.

Le document EP 2 107 433 divulgue une première pièce faite à base de silicium qui est assemblée sur une pièce intermédiaire métallique le tout étant ensuite assemblé sur un axe en métal. Toutefois, les formes de réalisation proposées dans ce document ne sont pas satisfaisantes et, soit, entraînent le bris de la pièce à base de silicium lors de son assemblage, soit, solidarisent insuffisamment les pièces entre elles.The document EP 2,107,433 discloses a first piece made of silicon which is assembled on a metal intermediate piece and then assembled on a metal shaft. However, the embodiments proposed in this document are unsatisfactory and either cause the breakage of the silicon-based part during its assembly, or insufficiently solidarity parts between them.

En effet, dans ce document, une extrémité de la pièce intermédiaire est repliée sur la partie en silicium en générant des contraintes uniquement axiales ce qui a pour conséquence de briser la pièce en silicium. De plus, le document propose l'utilisation de facettage ce qui entraîne une répartition non uniforme de la contrainte sur le silicium causant également le bris de la pièce en silicium.Indeed, in this document, one end of the intermediate piece is folded over the silicon part by generating only axial constraints which has the effect of breaking the silicon part. In addition, the document proposes the use of faceting which results in a non-uniform distribution of the stress on the silicon also causing the breakage of the silicon part.

Le document CH 699 680 divulgue l'assemblage d'un mobile sur un axe à l'aide d'une pièce intermédiaire en plastique. Le document EP 1 850 193 divulgue l'assemblage d'un élément en silicium sur un axe à l'aide d'une pièce intermédiaire en métal comportant une structure particulière et une collerette. Enfin, le document CH 700 260 divulgue la fabrication d'un balancier en fonction du couple particulier d'un spiral pour son montage sur un axe commun.The document CH 699 680 discloses assembling a mobile on an axis using a plastic intermediate piece. The document EP 1 850 193 discloses the assembly of a silicon element on an axis using a metal intermediate piece having a particular structure and a flange. Finally, the document CH 700 260 discloses the manufacture of a balance according to the particular torque of a spiral for mounting it on a common axis.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie les inconvénients cités précédemment en proposant un assemblage sans colle capable de solidariser une pièce dont le matériau ne comporte pas de domaine plastique avec un organe comportant un matériau ductile comme, par exemple, un métal ou un alliage métallique.The object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing a glueless assembly capable of securing a part whose material does not include a plastic field with a member comprising a ductile material such as, for example, a metal or a metal alloy.

A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un procédé d'assemblage d'un organe en un premier matériau dans une pièce en un deuxième matériau ne comportant pas de domaine plastique comportant les étapes suivantes :

  1. a) former la pièce avec une ouverture ;
  2. b) introduire sans contrainte, dans l'ouverture, une partie intermédiaire en un troisième matériau comportant une lumière ;
  3. c) introduire sans contrainte l'organe dans la lumière ;
  4. d) déformer élastiquement et plastiquement la partie intermédiaire par rapprochement axial de deux outils respectivement au niveau des parties supérieure et inférieure de ladite partie intermédiaire afin que ladite partie intermédiaire exerce une contrainte radiale contre l'organe et contre la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture en sollicitant la déformation élastique de la pièce pour permettre de solidariser l'assemblage de manière non destructive pour ladite pièce.
For this purpose, the invention relates to a method of assembling an organ made of a first material in a part made of a second material that does not comprise a plastics field, comprising the following steps:
  1. a) forming the part with an opening;
  2. b) introducing without constraint, in the opening, an intermediate portion of a third material comprising a light;
  3. c) to introduce without constraint the organ in the light;
  4. d) elastically and plastically deform the intermediate portion by axial approximation of two tools respectively at the upper and lower portions of said intermediate portion so that said intermediate portion exerts a radial stress against the member and against the wall of the piece surrounding the opening by biasing the elastic deformation of the piece to allow to join the assembly non-destructively for said part.

Ce procédé permet avantageusement de solidariser radialement l'organe et la pièce sans qu'aucun effort axial ne soit appliqué sur la pièce. En effet, de manière avantageuse selon l'invention, seule une déformation élastique radiale est appliquée sur la pièce.This method advantageously makes it possible to radially fasten the member and the workpiece without any axial force being applied to the workpiece. Indeed, advantageously according to the invention, only a radial elastic deformation is applied to the workpiece.

De plus, cette configuration permet avantageusement de solidariser l'ensemble pièce - partie intermédiaire - organe sans collage avec un organe habituel à la précision maîtrisée tout en garantissant que la pièce ne subisse pas d'efforts destructifs même si elle est formée, par exemple, à partir de silicium monocristallin.In addition, this configuration advantageously makes it possible to secure the entire part - intermediate part - body without bonding with a usual member to the precision controlled while ensuring that the piece does not undergoes no destructive effort even if it is formed, for example, from monocrystalline silicon.

Enfin, un tel procédé permet de solidariser l'ensemble piéce - partie intermédiaire - organe en s'adaptant aux dispersions de fabrication des différents constituants.Finally, such a method makes it possible to secure the entire piece - intermediate part - body by adapting to the manufacturing dispersions of the various constituents.

Conformément à d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention :

  • la paroi externe de la partie intermédiaire est sensiblement de forme correspondante à l'ouverture de la pièce afin d'exercer une contrainte radiale sensiblement uniforme sur la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture ;
  • l'ouverture de la pièce est circulaire ;
  • la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture comporte des cannelures qui, lors de l'étape d), vont former des micro-rainures sur la surface externe de la pièce intermédiaire afin d'éviter les déplacements relatifs entre les éléments dudit assemblage ;
  • la surface externe de l'organe comporte des cannelures qui, lors de l'étape d), vont former des micro-rainures sur la surface interne de la pièce intermédiaire afin d'éviter les déplacements relatifs entre les éléments dudit assemblage ;
  • l'ouverture de la pièce est asymétrique afin d'éviter les déplacements relatifs entre les éléments dudit assemblage ;
  • lors de l'étape b), la différence entre la section de l'ouverture et la section externe de la partie intermédiaire est d'environ 10 µm ;
  • lors de l'étape c), la différence entre la section de l'organe et la section intérieure de la partie intermédiaire est d'environ 10 µm ;
  • lors de l'étape d), la déformation exerce un serrage compris entre 16 et 40 µm ;
  • lors de l'étape b), la partie intermédiaire comporte un évidement conique et coaxial par rapport à la lumière afin, lors de l'étape d), de faciliter l'orientation radiale de la contrainte induite par la déformation de la partie intermédiaire ;
  • le deuxième matériau est formé à base de silicium monocristallin ;
  • le troisième matériau est formé à base de métal ou d'alliage métallique
  • la pièce peut être, par exemple, un mobile d'horlogerie, une ancre d'horlogerie, un spiral d'horlogerie, un résonateur ou encore un MEMS.
According to other advantageous features of the invention:
  • the outer wall of the intermediate portion is substantially of corresponding shape to the opening of the part to exert a substantially uniform radial stress on the wall of the part surrounding the opening;
  • the opening of the room is circular;
  • the wall of the part surrounding the opening has grooves which, during step d), will form micro-grooves on the outer surface of the intermediate piece to avoid relative displacements between the elements of said assembly;
  • the outer surface of the member comprises splines which, during step d), will form micro-grooves on the inner surface of the intermediate piece to avoid relative displacements between the elements of said assembly;
  • the opening of the part is asymmetrical in order to avoid relative displacements between the elements of said assembly;
  • during step b), the difference between the section of the opening and the external section of the intermediate portion is about 10 microns;
  • in step c), the difference between the section of the member and the inner section of the intermediate portion is about 10 microns;
  • during step d), the deformation exerts a tightening of between 16 and 40 μm;
  • during step b), the intermediate portion comprises a conical recess and coaxial with the light in order, in step d), to facilitate the radial orientation of the stress induced by the deformation of the intermediate portion;
  • the second material is formed based on monocrystalline silicon;
  • the third material is formed from metal or metal alloy
  • the piece may be, for example, a watch mobile, a watch anchor, a watch winder, a resonator or a MEMS.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres particularités et avantages ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1 et 2 sont des représentations schématiques d'étapes successives du procédé d'assemblage selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 3 et 4 sont des représentations en coupe vues de face ou en perspective de la partie intermédiaire selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 5 et 6 sont des représentations d'étapes alternatives du procédé d'assemblage selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 7 à 10 sont des représentations de variantes de la partie intermédiaire selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 11 est une représentation d'une alternative d'ouverture pour la pièce en matériau fragile.
Other particularities and advantages will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the Figures 1 and 2 are schematic representations of successive steps of the assembly method according to the invention;
  • the Figures 3 and 4 are sectional representations viewed from the front or in perspective of the intermediate portion according to the invention;
  • the Figures 5 and 6 are representations of alternative steps of the assembly method according to the invention;
  • the Figures 7 to 10 are representations of variants of the intermediate part according to the invention;
  • the figure 11 is a representation of an alternative opening for the piece of fragile material.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Comme expliqué ci-dessus, l'invention se rapporte à un assemblage et son procédé destinés à solidariser un matériau fragile, c'est-à-dire ne comportant pas de domaine plastique comme un matériau à base de silicium monocristallin, avec un matériau ductile comme un métal ou un alliage métallique.As explained above, the invention relates to an assembly and its method for joining a fragile material, that is to say not having a plastic domain such as a monocrystalline silicon-based material, with a ductile material. as a metal or a metal alloy.

Cet assemblage a été imaginé pour des applications dans le domaine horloger. Toutefois, d'autres domaines peuvent parfaitement être imaginés comme notamment l'aéronautique, la bijouterie, l'automobile ou les arts de la table.This assembly was designed for applications in the watchmaking field. However, other areas can perfectly be imagined as including aeronautics, jewelry, automotive or the arts of the table.

Dans le domaine horloger, cet assemblage est rendu nécessaire par la part croissante que tiennent les matériaux fragiles comme ceux à base de silicium, de quartz, de corindon ou plus généralement de céramique. On peut, à titre d'exemple, envisager de former le spiral, le balancier, l'ancre, les ponts ou même les mobiles comme les roues d'échappement totalement ou partiellement à base de matériaux fragiles.In the field of watchmaking, this assembly is made necessary by the growing share of fragile materials such as those based on silicon, quartz, corundum or more generally ceramic. By way of example, it is possible to envisage forming the hairspring, the balance, the anchor, the bridges or even the mobiles such as the escape wheels wholly or partly based on fragile materials.

Toutefois, le fait de toujours pouvoir utiliser des axes habituels en acier dont la fabrication est maîtrisée, est une contrainte qui est difficile à concilier avec l'utilisation de pièces ne comportant pas de domaine plastique. En effet, lors de tests effectués, le chassage d'un axe en acier est impossible et brise systématiquement les pièces fragiles, c'est-à-dire ne comportant pas de domaine plastique. Par exemple, il est apparu que le cisaillement généré par l'entrée de l'axe métallique dans l'ouverture d'une pièce en silicium brise systématiquement cette dernière.However, the fact of always being able to use usual steel axes whose production is controlled, is a constraint that is difficult to reconcile with the use of parts that do not include a plastic field. Indeed, during tests carried out, the driving of a steel shaft is impossible and systematically breaks the fragile parts, that is to say not having a plastic field. For example, it has been found that the shear generated by the entry of the metal axis into the opening of a silicon part systematically breaks the latter.

Dans le domaine de l'horlogerie, un préjugé technique tend ainsi à considérer qu'il ne faut pas dépasser une contrainte comprise entre 300 et 450 MPa sur une pièce en silicium sous peine de briser cette dernière. Cette échelle de valeur est estimée théoriquement à partir du module d'Young caractérisant le domaine élastique du silicium.In the field of watchmaking, a technical prejudice thus tends to consider that a stress of between 300 and 450 MPa must not be exceeded on a silicon part, otherwise the latter will be broken. This scale of value is theoretically estimated from the Young's modulus characterizing the elastic domain of silicon.

Par conséquent, pour les cas où les contraintes estimées dépassent cette plage entre 300 et 450 MPa, des moyens de déformation élastique formés par des ajourages traversants dans le silicium ont alors été développés comme ceux divulgués dans les documents EP 1 445 670 , WO 2006/122873 et WO 2007/099068 .Therefore, for cases where the estimated stresses exceed this range between 300 and 450 MPa, elastic deformation means formed by through-cuts in the silicon were then developed as disclosed in the documents. EP 1 445 670 , WO 2006/122873 and WO 2007/099068 .

Lors de tests supplémentaires effectués en déformant une partie intermédiaire et en augmentant au fur et à mesure la contrainte appliquée sur la partie en silicium, il est apparu, de manière étonnante, que la pièce en silicium pouvait supporter en fait une contrainte bien supérieure avant qu'une amorce de rupture soit détectée. Ainsi, de manière inattendue, les tests ont été prolongés jusqu'à une plage de contrainte comprise entre 1,5 et 2 GPa sans rupture, c'est-à-dire bien au-delà du préjugé technique s'étendant entre 300 à 450 MPa. Par conséquent, de manière étendue, les matériaux fragiles tels que le silicium, le quartz, le corindon ou plus généralement la céramique ne suivent pas nécessairement les modèles statistiques de pièces fragiles habituellement utilisés.During additional tests carried out by deforming an intermediate part and gradually increasing the stress applied on the silicon part, it surprisingly appeared that the silicon part could in fact bear a much greater stress before a break initiation is detected. Thus, unexpectedly, the tests were extended to a stress range of between 1.5 and 2 GPa without breaking, that is to say, well beyond the technical bias of between 300 and 450 MPa. Therefore, extensively, fragile materials such as silicon, quartz, corundum or more generally the ceramic do not necessarily follow the statistical models of fragile parts usually used.

C'est pourquoi, l'invention se rapporte à un assemblage entre un organe en un premier matériau, par exemple ductile comme l'acier, dans l'ouverture d'une pièce en un deuxième matériau ne comportant pas de domaine plastique, comme un matériau à base de silicium, par déformation d'une pièce intermédiaire, en un troisième matériau, qui est montée entre ledit organe et ladite pièce.This is why the invention relates to an assembly between a member made of a first material, for example ductile such as steel, in which opening a part made of a second material having no plastic domain, such as a silicon-based material, by deformation of an intermediate part, into a third material, which is mounted between said member and said part.

Selon l'invention, la partie intermédiaire comporte une lumière destinée à recevoir ledit organe. De plus, la partie intermédiaire, déformée élastiquement et plastiquement, serre radialement ledit organe et contraint ladite pièce élastiquement afin de solidariser l'assemblage de manière non destructive pour ladite pièce.According to the invention, the intermediate portion comprises a light intended to receive said member. In addition, the intermediate portion, deformed elastically and plastically, radially clamps said member and constrains said piece elastically to non-destructively fasten the assembly for said piece.

De plus, de manière préférée, la paroi externe de la partie intermédiaire est sensiblement de forme correspondante à l'ouverture de la pièce afin d'exercer une contrainte radiale sensiblement uniforme sur la paroi de la pièce entourant ladite ouverture. En effet, lors des recherches effectuées, il est apparu préférable que la partie intermédiaire répartisse de manière uniforme les contraintes radiales induites par sa déformation sur la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture.In addition, preferably, the outer wall of the intermediate portion is substantially shaped corresponding to the opening of the workpiece in order to exert a substantially uniform radial stress on the wall of the part surrounding said opening. Indeed, during the researches carried out, it appeared preferable that the intermediate portion distribute uniformly the radial stresses induced by its deformation on the wall of the room surrounding the opening.

Par conséquent, si l'ouverture dans la pièce fragile est circulaire, il est préférable que la paroi externe de la partie intermédiaire soit en forme sensiblement de cylindre continu, c'est-à-dire sans fente radiale ou ajourage axial traversant autre que la lumière destinée à recevoir l'organe, pour éviter les contraintes localisées sur une faible surface de la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture de la pièce fragile qui sont propres à briser la matière fragile.Therefore, if the opening in the fragile part is circular, it is preferable that the outer wall of the intermediate portion is in substantially continuous cylinder shape, that is to say without radial slot or axial throughthrough other than the light intended to receive the organ, to avoid localized stresses on a small surface of the wall of the room surrounding the opening of the fragile part which are suitable for breaking the fragile material.

Bien entendu, la forme de l'ouverture dans la pièce fragile peut différer en étant, par exemple, asymétrique afin d'éviter les déplacements relatifs entre les éléments de l'assemblage. Ainsi, selon une première alternative, une telle ouverture asymétrique peut ainsi être, par exemple, sensiblement elliptique.Of course, the shape of the opening in the fragile part may differ in being, for example, asymmetrical in order to avoid relative displacements between the elements of the assembly. Thus, according to a first alternative, such an asymmetric opening can thus be, for example, substantially elliptical.

Selon une autre alternative destinée à éviter les déplacements relatifs, comme visible à la figure 11, la paroi de la pièce 3 peut être munie de cannelures 1 faisant saillie dans l'ouverture 4. Préférentiellement, les cannelures 1 courent sur toute l'épaisseur de la pièce 3 et comportent une surface externe bombée de hauteur maximale h. Bien entendu, les cannelures 1 peuvent être sensiblement rectilignes ou non.According to another alternative intended to avoid relative displacements, as visible in FIG. figure 11 , the wall of room 3 can be provided grooves 1 protruding into the opening 4. Preferably, the flutes 1 run over the entire thickness of the part 3 and have a convex outer surface of maximum height h. Of course, the flutes 1 may be substantially rectilinear or not.

On comprend donc que ces cannelures 1 de hauteur h beaucoup plus petites par rapport au diamètre e1 de l'ouverture 4 vont former des micro-rainures sur la surface externe de la pièce intermédiaire lorsqu'elle sera déformée afin de former des liaisons de type tenon - mortaise permettant de solidariser en rotation la paroi de l'ouverture 4 et la surface externe de la pièce intermédiaire.It is therefore understood that these grooves 1 of height h much smaller than the diameter e 1 of the opening 4 will form micro-grooves on the outer surface of the intermediate part when it is deformed to form type connections tenon - mortise for securing in rotation the wall of the opening 4 and the outer surface of the intermediate piece.

On comprend également que de telles cannelures pourraient également être présentes sur la surface externe de l'organe 5 pour obtenir le même effet et parfaire encore plus la solidarisation en rotation du futur assemblage.It is also understood that such grooves could also be present on the outer surface of the member 5 to achieve the same effect and perfect even more the rotational joining of the future assembly.

Par conséquent, la partie intermédiaire avec une forme correspondante à l'ouverture comportant une lumière peut s'interpréter, si la section de l'ouverture est circulaire, comme un anneau plein dont les parois interne et externe sont continues, c'est-à-dire sans rainure ou plus généralement de discontinuité de matière. La forme correspondante de la partie intermédiaire permet donc, par déformation élastique et plastique, de générer uniquement une contrainte radiale sensiblement uniforme sur une surface maximisée de la paroi de la pièce autour de l'ouverture.Therefore, the intermediate part with a shape corresponding to the opening having a light can be interpreted, if the section of the opening is circular, as a solid ring whose inner and outer walls are continuous, that is to say say without groove or more generally material discontinuity. The corresponding shape of the intermediate part therefore makes it possible, by elastic and plastic deformation, to generate only a substantially uniform radial stress on a maximized surface of the wall of the part around the opening.

Bien entendu, cette forme de paroi correspondante est également applicable à la paroi interne de la partie intermédiaire faisant vis-à-vis avec l'organe. On comprend alors que la forme de la paroi interne pourrait correspondre à celle externe de l'organe afin de générer une contrainte radiale sensiblement uniforme de la paroi interne de la partie intermédiaire sur une surface maximisée de la paroi externe de l'organe.Of course, this form of corresponding wall is also applicable to the inner wall of the intermediate portion facing the body. It is then understood that the shape of the inner wall could correspond to that external of the member to generate a substantially uniform radial stress of the inner wall of the intermediate portion on a maximized surface of the outer wall of the body.

L'assemblage selon l'invention sera mieux compris en relation avec les figures 1 à 10 présentant des exemples d'assemblage. Aux figures 1 à 4, on peut voir un premier mode de réalisation selon l'invention. une première étape consiste ainsi à former la pièce 3 en un matériau n'ayant pas de domaine plastique avec une ouverture 4. Comme visible à la figure 1, l'ouverture 4 comporte une section e1, qui, préférentiellement, est comprise entre 0,5 et 2 mm et, éventuellement, les cannelures 1 de la figure 11 faisant saillies dans l'ouverture 4 comportent une hauteur comprise entre 5 et 25 µm.The assembly according to the invention will be better understood in relation to the Figures 1 to 10 presenting assembly examples. To the Figures 1 to 4 we can see a first embodiment according to the invention. a first step thus consists in forming part 3 in a material having no plastic domain with an opening 4. As visible in FIG. figure 1 , the opening 4 comprises a section e 1 , which, preferably, is between 0.5 and 2 mm and, optionally, the grooves 1 of the figure 11 protruding into the opening 4 have a height of between 5 and 25 microns.

Une telle étape peut être réalisée par gravage sous forme sèche ou humide comme, par exemple, un gravage ionique réactif profond (également connu sous l'abréviation anglaise « DRIE »).Such a step can be carried out by etching in dry or wet form, such as, for example, a deep reactive ion etching (also known as the English abbreviation "DRIE").

De plus, dans une deuxième étape, le procédé consiste à former l'organe, un axe de pivotement 5 dans l'exemple des figures 1 et 2, en un deuxième matériau avec une section principale e2. Comme expliqué ci-dessus, la deuxième étape peut être réalisée selon les processus habituels de fabrication d'axes. L'organe 5 est préférentiellement métallique et peut, par exemple, être formé en acier.In addition, in a second step, the method consists in forming the member, a pivot axis 5 in the example of the Figures 1 and 2 in a second material with a main section e 2 . As explained above, the second step can be performed according to the usual processes for producing axes. The member 5 is preferably metallic and may, for example, be formed of steel.

Le procédé, dans une troisième étape, consiste à former la partie intermédiaire 7, en un troisième matériau, avec une lumière 8 de section interne e4 et de section externe e3 dont la paroi est de forme sensiblement correspondante à l'ouverture 4. La troisième étape peut ainsi être réalisée à partir d'un usinage habituel et/ou d'un processus d'électroformage. La partie intermédiaire 7 peut ainsi comporter une épaisseur comprise entre 100 et 600 µm et une largeur I, c'est-à-dire la section externe e3 moins la section interne e4 divisées par deux (I = (e3 - e4)/2), comprise entre 100 et 300 µm.The method, in a third step, consists in forming the intermediate portion 7, in a third material, with a light 8 of internal section e 4 and outer section e 3 whose wall is substantially corresponding in shape to the opening 4. The third step can thus be performed from a usual machining and / or an electroforming process. The intermediate portion 7 may thus have a thickness of between 100 and 600 μm and a width I, that is to say the outer section e 3 minus the inner section e 4 divided by two (I = (e 3 - e 4 ) / 2), between 100 and 300 microns.

Préférentiellement, le troisième matériau est plus ductile que le deuxième matériau de l'organe 5 afin que ce dernier se déforme moins ou pas du tout lors de l'étape de déformation. La partie intermédiaire 7 est préférentiellement métallique et peut ainsi comporter du nickel et/ou de l'or. Toutefois, tout autre matériau ductile peut avantageusement être ajouté au troisième matériau ou remplacer ce dernier.Preferably, the third material is more ductile than the second material of the member 5 so that the latter deforms less or not at all during the deformation step. The intermediate portion 7 is preferably metallic and may thus comprise nickel and / or gold. However, any other ductile material may advantageously be added to the third material or replace it.

Bien entendu, les trois premières étapes n'ont pas de consécutivité à respecter et peuvent même être réalisées en même temps.Of course, the first three steps have no consecutivity to respect and can even be performed at the same time.

Dans une quatrième étape, la partie intermédiaire 7 est introduite sans contact dans l'ouverture 4. Cela signifie comme visible à la figure 1 que la section e1 de l'ouverture 4 est plus grande ou égale à la section externe e3 de la partie intermédiaire 7.In a fourth step, the intermediate portion 7 is introduced without contact in the opening 4. This means as visible in the figure 1 that the section e 1 of the opening 4 is greater than or equal to the outer section e 3 of the intermediate portion 7.

De manière préférée, la différence entre la section e1 de l'ouverture 4, ou éventuellement les cannelures 1, et la section externe e3 de la partie intermédiaire 7 est d'environ 10 µm, c'est-à-dire un interstice d'environ 5 µm qui sépare la pièce 3 par rapport à la partie intermédiaire 7.Preferably, the difference between the section e 1 of the opening 4, or possibly the flutes 1, and the outer section e 3 of the intermediate portion 7 is approximately 10 μm, that is to say an interstice about 5 microns separating the part 3 from the intermediate part 7.

De plus, préférentiellement selon l'invention, la partie intermédiaire 7 est maintenue dans l'ouverture 4 à l'aide d'un 11 des outils 11, 13 utilisés pour l'étape de déformation. Enfin, de manière préférée, l'outil 11 comporte un évidement 12 destiné à recevoir l'organe 5.In addition, preferably according to the invention, the intermediate portion 7 is held in the opening 4 with the aid of 11 of the tools 11, 13 used for the deformation step. Finally, preferably, the tool 11 comprises a recess 12 intended to receive the member 5.

Dans une cinquième étape, l'organe 5 est introduit sans contact dans la lumière 8 de la partie intermédiaire 7. Cela signifie comme visible à la figure 1 que la section e4 de la lumière 8 est plus grande ou égale à la section externe e2 de l'organe 5.In a fifth step, the member 5 is introduced without contact in the lumen 8 of the intermediate portion 7. This means as visible in FIG. figure 1 that the section e 4 of the light 8 is greater than or equal to the outer section e 2 of the member 5.

De manière préférée, la différence entre la section e4 de la lumière 8 et la section externe e2 de l'organe 5 est d'environ 10 µm, c'est-à-dire un interstice d'environ 5 µm qui sépare l'organe 5 de la partie intermédiaire 7.Preferably, the difference between the section e 4 of the lumen 8 and the external section e 2 of the member 5 is about 10 μm, that is to say a gap of about 5 μm which separates the member 5 of the intermediate part 7.

De plus, préférentiellement selon l'invention, l'organe 5 est maintenu dans la lumière 8 à l'aide dudit évidement 12 de l'outil 11 de section sensiblement équivalent à celle e2 de l'organe 5.In addition, preferably according to the invention, the member 5 is held in the slot 8 by means of said recess 12 of the tool 11 of section substantially equivalent to that e 2 of the member 5.

Enfin, le procédé comporte une sixième étape consistant à déformer élastiquement et plastiquement la partie intermédiaire 7 par rapprochement des outils 11, 13 selon la direction axiale A afin d'exercer une contrainte radiale C, B respectivement contre l'organe 5 et contre la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture 4 en sollicitant la déformation élastique de la pièce 3.Finally, the method comprises a sixth step of elastically and plastically deforming the intermediate portion 7 by bringing the tools 11, 13 in the axial direction A in order to exert a constraint. radial C, B respectively against the member 5 and against the wall of the part surrounding the opening 4 by biasing the elastic deformation of the part 3.

En effet, de manière inattendue, il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir d'ajourages traversant l'épaisseur de la pièce 3 autour de l'ouverture 4 comme ceux divulgués dans les documents EP 1 445 670 , WO 2006/122873 et WO 2007/099068 pour éviter le bris de cette dernière. Ainsi, la pièce 3 va se déformer élastiquement même sous forte contrainte, c'est-à-dire supérieur à 450 MPa pour le silicium, sans amorce de rupture.Indeed, unexpectedly, it is not necessary to provide cutouts through the thickness of the part 3 around the opening 4 as those disclosed in the documents EP 1 445 670 , WO 2006/122873 and WO 2007/099068 to avoid breakage of the latter. Thus, the part 3 will elastically deform even under high stress, that is to say higher than 450 MPa for silicon, without breaking primer.

Ainsi, comme visible à la figure 2, le pressage de la partie intermédiaire 7 au niveau de ses parties supérieure et inférieure respectivement par l'outil 13 et 11 selon la direction axiale A va induire une déformation élastique et plastique de la partie intermédiaire 7, laquelle se déforme exclusivement radialement selon les directions B et C, c'est-à-dire vers la pièce 3 et vers l'organe 5. Une fois la contrainte des outils 11, 13 relâchée, la pièce 3 exerce un retour élastique propre à définitivement solidariser l'ensemble organe 5 - partie intermédiaire 7 - pièce 3.So, as visible at the figure 2 the pressing of the intermediate portion 7 at its upper and lower parts respectively by the tool 13 and 11 in the axial direction A will induce an elastic and plastic deformation of the intermediate portion 7, which is deformed exclusively radially in the directions B and C, that is to say to the piece 3 and to the member 5. Once the constraint of the tools 11, 13 released, the piece 3 exerts a resilient return to permanently secure the entire member 5 - intermediate part 7 - part 3.

De manière préférée selon l'invention, la déformation est paramétrée afin que le serrage soit supérieur aux interstices entre la partie intermédiaire 7 non déformée et, d'une part, la paroi de l'ouverture 4 et, d'autre part, l'organe 5. Préférentiellement, le serrage est compris entre 16 et 40 µm.In a preferred manner according to the invention, the deformation is parameterized so that the tightening is greater than the interstices between the undeformed intermediate portion 7 and, on the one hand, the wall of the opening 4 and, on the other hand, the member 5. Preferably, the clamping is between 16 and 40 microns.

Par conséquent, il est voulu que la déformation élastique et plastique de la partie intermédiaire 7 exerce aussi bien la déformation élastique de la pièce 3 autour de l'ouverture 4 mais également la déformation élastique et/ou plastique de l'organe 5 afin de solidariser ensemble l'organe 5, la partie intermédiaire 7 et la pièce 3 comme visible à la figure 2. Comme illustré à la figure 2, il peut également arriver que l'extrémité de la partie intermédiaire 7, lors de la déformation, se rabattre superficiellement au-dessus de la pièce 3 sans toutefois exercer une quelconque contrainte axiale sur la pièce 3. Enfin, il est à noter que ce mode de réalisation autorise notamment un centrage automatique de l'ensemble organe 5 - partie intermédiaire 7 - pièce 3.Therefore, it is desired that the elastic and plastic deformation of the intermediate portion 7 exerts both the elastic deformation of the part 3 around the opening 4 but also the elastic and / or plastic deformation of the member 5 in order to secure together the member 5, the intermediate portion 7 and the piece 3 as visible in the figure 2 . As illustrated in figure 2 it may also happen that the end of the intermediate portion 7, during deformation, folds superficially over the piece 3 without exerting any axial stress on the piece 3. Finally, it should be noted that this embodiment notably allows automatic centering of the assembly 5 - intermediate part 7 - part 3.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, aucun effort axial (par définition risquant d'être destructif) n'est appliqué sur la pièce 3 pendant le procédé. Seule une déformation élastique radiale maitrisée en fonction de la contrainte programmée des outils 11, 13, est appliquée sur la pièce 3. Il est également à noter que l'utilisation de la partie intermédiaire 7 dont la paroi externe est de forme sensiblement correspondante à l'ouverture 4 permet, lors de la déformation radiale B de la partie intermédiaire 7, d'exercer une contrainte uniforme sur la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture 4 afin d'éviter tout bris de la pièce 3 en matériau fragile et s'adapter aux dispersions de fabrication des différents éléments comme par exemple les cannelures 1.Advantageously according to the invention, no axial force (by definition likely to be destructive) is applied to the part 3 during the process. Only a radial elastic deformation mastered as a function of the programmed stress of the tools 11, 13, is applied to the piece 3. It should also be noted that the use of the intermediate portion 7 whose outer wall is substantially corresponding shape to the opening 4 allows, during the radial deformation B of the intermediate portion 7, to exert a uniform stress on the wall of the part surrounding the opening 4 to prevent breakage of the piece 3 of fragile material and s' to adapt to the manufacturing dispersions of the different elements, for example splines 1.

Comme visible aux figures 3 et 4, préférentiellement, la partie intermédiaire 7 comporte un évidement 10 conique et coaxial par rapport à la lumière 8 afin de, lors de l'étape de déformation, faciliter l'orientation radiale B, C de la contrainte induite par la déformation de la partie intermédiaire 7 mais également rendre ladite contrainte progressive. En effet, la pente 9 formant l'évidement conique 10 induit une surface de contact initiale contre l'outil 12 réduite à un cercle en obligeant la paroi externe de la partie intermédiaire 7 à se déformer radialement avec un serrage progressif contre la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture 4 et contre l'organe 5.As visible to Figures 3 and 4 preferably, the intermediate portion 7 comprises a conical and coaxial recess 10 with respect to the light 8 in order, during the deformation step, to facilitate the radial orientation B, C of the stress induced by the deformation of the intermediate portion 7 but also make said constraint progressive. Indeed, the slope 9 forming the conical recess 10 induces an initial contact surface against the tool 12 reduced to a circle by forcing the outer wall of the intermediate portion 7 to deform radially with a progressive tightening against the wall of the part surrounding the opening 4 and against the body 5.

Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures 3 et 4, on voit que l'évidement conique 10 communique avec la lumière 8 en formant un méplat entre la pente 9 et le bord de la lumière 8. Cette caractéristique, c'est-à-dire que l'évidement conique 10 communique avec la lumière 8, comme montrée ci-dessous n'est toutefois pas essentielle et l'évidement 10 ainsi que sa pente 9 peuvent être de formes et de dimensions différentes.In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4 it is seen that the conical recess 10 communicates with the light 8 forming a flat between the slope 9 and the edge of the light 8. This characteristic, that is to say that the conical recess 10 communicates with the light 8, as shown below is however not essential and the recess 10 and its slope 9 may be of different shapes and dimensions.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple illustré mais est susceptible de diverses variantes et modifications qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, un blocage axial de la pièce 3 peut être apporté dans une alternative du premier mode de réalisation.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variants and modifications which will appear to those skilled in the art. In particular, an axial blocking of the part 3 can be provided in an alternative of the first embodiment.

A titre d'exemple, les figures 5 et 6 présentent un deuxième mode de réalisation du procédé. Ainsi, les figures 5 et 6 présentent une alternative dans laquelle l'organe 15 est sensiblement différent de l'organe 5 en présentant une collerette 16. A ce titre, l'outil 21 en partie inférieure n'a plus besoin de présenter un évidement 12 apte à recevoir l'organe 15 mais plus simplement un trou traversant 22 de section au moins égale ou supérieure à celle de l'organe 15.For example, Figures 5 and 6 present a second embodiment of the method. Thus, Figures 5 and 6 have an alternative in which the member 15 is substantially different from the member 5 by having a collar 16. As such, the tool 21 in the lower part no longer needs to have a recess 12 adapted to receive the organ But more simply a through hole 22 of section at least equal to or greater than that of the member 15.

On comprend donc que la partie intermédiaire 7 et, éventuellement, la pièce 3 peuvent ainsi être portés par la collerette 16. De plus, la déformation de la partie intermédiaire 7 au niveau de sa partie inférieure n'est plus réalisée directement par l'outil 21 mais par l'intermédiaire de la collerette 16 sans que le procédé ne perde de son intérêt. Ainsi, la pièce 3 est sous contrainte élastique au niveau de la partie intermédiaire 7 et bloquée contre la collerette 16 de l'organe 15.It is therefore understood that the intermediate portion 7 and, optionally, the part 3 can thus be carried by the flange 16. In addition, the deformation of the intermediate portion 7 at its lower portion is no longer performed directly by the tool 21 but through the collar 16 without the process losing its interest. Thus, the piece 3 is under elastic stress at the intermediate portion 7 and locked against the flange 16 of the member 15.

A titre d'exemple, les figures 7 à 10 présentent un troisième mode de réalisation du procédé. Ainsi, les figures 7 à 10 présentent une alternative dans laquelle la partie intermédiaire 27, 27', 27", 27"' est sensiblement différente de la partie intermédiaire 7 du premier mode de réalisation en présentant une collerette 26, 26', 26", 26"'. Par conséquent, le troisième mode de réalisation utilise les mêmes outils 11, 13 que le premier mode de réalisation. Ainsi, la pièce 3 est sous contrainte élastique au niveau de la partie intermédiaire 27, 27', 27", 27"' et bloquée contre la collerette 26, 26', 26", 26"'.For example, Figures 7 to 10 present a third embodiment of the method. Thus, Figures 7 to 10 have an alternative in which the intermediate portion 27, 27 ', 27 ", 27"' is substantially different from the intermediate portion 7 of the first embodiment by having a flange 26, 26 ', 26 ", 26"'. Therefore, the third embodiment uses the same tools 11, 13 as the first embodiment. Thus, the piece 3 is under elastic stress at the intermediate portion 27, 27 ', 27 ", 27"' and locked against the flange 26, 26 ', 26 ", 26"'.

Dans une première variante illustrée à la figure 7, la partie intermédiaire 27 comporte un évidement conique 30 dont la pente 29 communique directement avec la lumière 28, c'est-à-dire sans méplat.In a first variant illustrated in figure 7 the intermediate portion 27 has a conical recess 30 whose slope 29 communicates directly with the light 28, that is to say without flat.

Il est également possible dans une deuxième variante que la partie intermédiaire 27', 27", 27"' comporte un évidement conique 30', 30", 30"' dont la pente 29', 29", 29"' ne communique pas avec la lumière 28', 28", 28'" mais en est séparé par un anneau 31', 31", 31"'. La hauteur de l'anneau peut ainsi être inférieure 31' à celle de l'extrémité de la pente 29', être égale 31" à celle de l'extrémité de la pente 29" ou encore être supérieure 31"' à celle de l'extrémité de la pente 29"'. Bien entendu, pour cette deuxième variante, l'outil 13 fait vis-à-vis, lors de l'étape de déformation, à la pente 29', 29", 29"' sans entrer en contact avec l'anneau 31', 31", 31"'.It is also possible in a second variant that the intermediate portion 27 ', 27 ", 27"' comprises a conical recess 30 ', 30 ", 30"' whose slope 29 ', 29 ", 29"' does not communicate with the light 28 ', 28 ", 28'" but is separated by a ring 31 ', 31 ", 31"'. The height of the ring may thus be lower than that of the end of the slope 29 ', be 31 "greater than that of the end of the slope 29" or be greater than 31 "' end of the slope 29 "'. Of course, for this second variant, the tool 13 vis-à-vis, during the deformation step, the slope 29 ', 29 ", 29"' without coming into contact with the ring 31 ', 31 ", 31"'.

Les modes de réalisation présentés ci-dessus sont susceptibles d'être combinés entre eux suivant les applications prévues. De plus, les assemblages peuvent être appliqués, de manière non exhaustive, à un élément d'une pièce d'horlogerie tel qu'une ancre, une roue d'échappement, un spiral, un balancier, un pont ou plus généralement un mobile.The embodiments presented above are capable of being combined with one another according to the intended applications. In addition, the assemblies may be applied, in a non-exhaustive manner, to an element of a timepiece such as an anchor, an escape wheel, a balance spring, a balance, a bridge or more generally a mobile.

Il est également possible d'utiliser l'assemblage divulgué ci-dessus en remplacement des moyens de déformation élastique 48 ou des cylindres 63, 66 du document WO 2009/115463 afin de fixer un résonateur du type balancier- spiral monobloc sur un axe de pivotement.It is also possible to use the assembly disclosed above to replace the elastic deformation means 48 or the cylinders 63, 66 of the document WO 2009/115463 in order to fix a monobloc balance-spring resonator on a pivot axis.

Bien entendu, deux organes tels que décrit ci-dessus peuvent également être assujettis sur le même axe à l'aide de deux assemblages distincts afin de solidariser leur mouvement respectif.Of course, two members as described above can also be secured on the same axis with two separate assemblies to secure their respective movement.

Enfin, les assemblages selon l'invention peuvent également permettre la solidarisation de tout type d'organe horloger ou non dont le corps est formé d'un matériau ne comportant pas de domaine plastique (silicium, quartz, etc.) avec un axe comme, par exemple, un résonateur du type diapason ou plus généralement un MEMS (acronyme provenant des termes anglais « Micro-Electro-Mechanical System »).Finally, the assemblies according to the invention can also allow the joining of any type of watchmaking member or not whose body is formed of a material having no plastic domain (silicon, quartz, etc.) with an axis such as, for example, a resonator of the tuning fork type or more generally a MEMS (acronym from the English term "Micro-Electro-Mechanical System").

Claims (17)

  1. Method of assembling a member (5, 15) made of a first material in a part (3) made of a second material having no plastic domain, including the following steps:
    a) forming the part (3) with an aperture (4);
    b) inserting an intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"'), which is made of a third material and includes a hole (8, 28, 28', 28", 28"') into the aperture (4) without any stress;
    characterized in that the method further comprises the following steps :
    c) introducing the member (5, 15) into the hole (8, 28, 28', 28", 28"') without any stress;
    d) elastically and plastically deforming the intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"') by moving two tools (11, 13, 21) towards each other axially, respectively on the top and bottom parts of said intermediate part, so as said intermediate part exerts a radial stress (B, C) against the member (5, 15) and against the wall of the part (3) surrounding the aperture (4) by causing the elastic deformation of the part (3), in order to secure the assembly in a manner that is not destructive for said part.
  2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the shape of the external wall of the intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"') substantially matches the aperture (4) of the part (3), so as to exert a substantially uniform radial stress (B) on the wall of the part (3) surrounding the aperture (4).
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aperture (4) of the part (3) is circular.
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall of the part (3) surrounding the aperture (4) includes flutes (1) which, in step d), will form micro-grooves on the external surface of the intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"') to prevent any relative movements between the elements of said assembly.
  5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external surface of the member (5) includes flutes which, in step d), will form micro-grooves on the internal surface of the intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"') to prevent any relative movements between the elements of said assembly.
  6. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aperture (4) of the part (3) is asymmetrical to prevent any relative movements between the elements of said assembly.
  7. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in step b), the difference between the section (e1) of the aperture (4) and the external section (e3) of the intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"') is approximately 10 µm.
  8. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in step c), the difference between the section (e2) of the member (5, 15) and the internal section (e4) of the intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"') is approximately 10 µm.
  9. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in step d), the deformation exerts a clamping force generating a displacement comprised between 16 et 40 µm.
  10. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in step b), the intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"') includes a conical recess (10, 30, 30', 30", 30"') coaxial to the hole (8, 28, 28', 28", 28"') in order, in step d), to facilitate the radial orientation (B, C) of the stress caused by the deformation of the intermediate part (7, 27, 27', 27", 27"').
  11. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second material is formed from a single crystal silicon base.
  12. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third material is formed from a metal or metal alloy base.
  13. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (3) is a timepiece wheel set.
  14. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (3) is timepiece pallets.
  15. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (3) is a timepiece balance spring.
  16. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (3) is a resonator.
  17. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (3) is a MEMS.
EP11190965.1A 2010-12-22 2011-11-28 Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range Active EP2469354B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11190965.1A EP2469354B1 (en) 2010-12-22 2011-11-28 Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10196580A EP2469351A1 (en) 2010-12-22 2010-12-22 Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range
EP11190965.1A EP2469354B1 (en) 2010-12-22 2011-11-28 Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2469354A2 EP2469354A2 (en) 2012-06-27
EP2469354A3 EP2469354A3 (en) 2012-07-04
EP2469354B1 true EP2469354B1 (en) 2013-10-23

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EP10196580A Withdrawn EP2469351A1 (en) 2010-12-22 2010-12-22 Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range
EP11190965.1A Active EP2469354B1 (en) 2010-12-22 2011-11-28 Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range

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EP10196580A Withdrawn EP2469351A1 (en) 2010-12-22 2010-12-22 Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US8739385B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2469351A1 (en)
JP (1) JP5330493B2 (en)
CN (1) CN102540848B (en)
CH (1) CH704258A2 (en)
HK (1) HK1176127A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2570490C2 (en)
TW (1) TWI538765B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2570490C2 (en) 2015-12-10
US20120159766A1 (en) 2012-06-28
CH704258A2 (en) 2012-06-29
TWI538765B (en) 2016-06-21
EP2469351A1 (en) 2012-06-27
TW201240764A (en) 2012-10-16
JP5330493B2 (en) 2013-10-30
HK1176127A1 (en) 2013-07-19
CN102540848B (en) 2014-02-12
CN102540848A (en) 2012-07-04
RU2011152381A (en) 2013-06-27
EP2469354A3 (en) 2012-07-04
EP2469354A2 (en) 2012-06-27
US8739385B2 (en) 2014-06-03
JP2012132914A (en) 2012-07-12

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