EP2467583A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner des centrales de cogénération - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner des centrales de cogénération

Info

Publication number
EP2467583A2
EP2467583A2 EP10768368A EP10768368A EP2467583A2 EP 2467583 A2 EP2467583 A2 EP 2467583A2 EP 10768368 A EP10768368 A EP 10768368A EP 10768368 A EP10768368 A EP 10768368A EP 2467583 A2 EP2467583 A2 EP 2467583A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
hot water
heat
water tank
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10768368A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Herbertz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2467583A2 publication Critical patent/EP2467583A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
    • F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/02—Use of accumulators and specific engine types; Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B5/00—Steam boilers of drum type, i.e. without internal furnace or fire tubes, the boiler body being contacted externally by flue gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/005—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with recuperation of waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F24D3/082—Hot water storage tanks specially adapted therefor
    • F24D3/085—Double-walled tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/10—Gas turbines; Steam engines or steam turbines; Water turbines, e.g. located in water pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/70—Electric generators driven by internal combustion engines [ICE]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/18—Flue gas recuperation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/26—Internal combustion engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for operating cogeneration plants for power generation, for space heating and for the heating of the process water.
  • the European Patent Application 1 962 362 Al discloses the problem that arises from the restriction of heat consumption in the summer months.
  • the solution to the problem is that the exhaust gases are used with the help of fuel cells for power generation.
  • the ratio of electrical power and thermal power in favor of electrical power is improved, the overheating of the hot water tank in the summer will adjust later, but not prevented.
  • Fuel cells are exceptionally expensive and are therefore used primarily for military and aerospace purposes.
  • the object of the invention has been found to solve this problem and to create the opportunity to operate the cogeneration plant with better efficiency and particularly cost.
  • the invention solves this problem by the cooling water of the engine passed through a hot water tank, the heat supplied to the heat consumers, heated in the absence or too low heat loss of the hot water storage to evaporation temperature, derived from further heat supply steam and the hot water storage the evaporation corresponding amount of water is fed, wherein the promotion of the cooling water from the hot water tank to the engine under adjustment of the flow rate to the cooling demand and with a pressure is higher than the vapor pressure in the hot water tank.
  • the cooling of the engine is thus not made by contact of the cooling liquid with the outside air, but by evaporation.
  • the lower temperature difference between the coolant and the cylinder walls is compensated by a higher capacity of the cooling water pump.
  • the hot water tank can be heated up to 100 ° C and with a pressure-resistant container to much higher temperatures.
  • the flow temperature of the heating system can be easily regulated by interposing a heat exchanger and a pump with volume control. Higher temperatures create a larger heat supply for a later heat demand.
  • the steam produced in the hot water storage tank in the absence of heat demand drives a steam engine connected to a generator generating electricity.
  • a steam engine connected to a generator generating electricity.
  • This is a steam turbine, a piston steam engine or other engine.
  • the performance of the steam engine is increased by greatly increasing the vapor pressure in the hot water tank, whereby the capacity of the cooling water pump is increased to achieve sufficient cooling at a higher cooling water temperature.
  • the cooling with cooling water temperatures well above 100 ° C is possible because during the combustion process very high temperatures and thus the necessary for cooling temperature difference is present.
  • the water is kept liquid by higher pump pressure.
  • Condensation minimizes the volume of water vapor and the resulting pressure difference to the steam from the hot water tank ensures the high speed of the steam when driving the steam engine used in addition to power generation. Instead of consuming electricity for the destruction of the heat, additional electricity is generated with the heat.
  • an outside air / steam heat exchanger is used as a condenser. If this is difficult due to structural conditions, it is proposed to pass the steam of the steam engine in a hot water tank, where it condenses and heats a heat exchanger that supplies the consumers in the house. If there is no or too little heat loss, steam is discharged and the missing water is replaced in the hot water tank.
  • the resulting in the cooling of the internal combustion engine steam can be diverted directly into the environment when the lack of heat in power generation occurs only rarely and the larger investment for a steam turbine and a second generator is not worthwhile.
  • the steam is passed to a heat engine for additional power generation.
  • too low power consumption and high heat demand is further proposed to turn on an electric water heater in the heating circuit.
  • the combined heat and power plant works at high power consumption and with any heat demand with a good efficiency.
  • the hot water tank can be heated to 100 ° C and forms a larger reserve.
  • the hot water storage provides steam for a steam engine, which drives a second generator for additional power generation or supports the internal combustion engine, whereby fuel is saved.
  • Heating circuit initiated and the space heating supplied immediately.
  • the hot water storage tank is heated by the cooling water circuit.
  • a rotary piston engine as an internal combustion engine, for example a Wankel engine.
  • These combustion engines are vibration-free, have a small footprint and are very suitable for gaseous fuels.
  • the heat transfer to the cooling water is lower than in reciprocating engines.
  • the device for carrying out the method according to the invention has a hot water tank with connections to the internal combustion engine and a cooling water pump, a heat exchanger with connections to the heat consumers in the home system, a water level controller for producing a water level with distance to the top of the water storage and a steam discharge. By this distance, a large area to evaporate and a space below the steam outlet for collecting the steam are formed in the hot water tank and this evaporation worries the cooling of the engine.
  • a steam engine is installed in the line between the hot water tank and a condenser, which drives a second generator or supports the internal combustion engine.
  • a pressure-resistant hot water storage receives a pressure regulating valve, wherein this is set to a pressure which is lower than the pressure generated by the cooling water pump.
  • a level switch is installed, which controls a solenoid valve for the supply water requirement.
  • the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine are passed through a heat exchanger and used as known per se for overheating the steam.
  • the steam engine is a steam turbine which is used to support the internal combustion engine, they must be connected by a transmission and a clutch.
  • the transmission is required because the steam turbine has a higher speed than the internal combustion engine and the clutch disconnects when no steam is available.
  • the discharge means lower consumption of natural gas, diesel etc.
  • Fig. 1 A cogeneration plant in a house with
  • Fig. 2 A combined heat and power plant with steam turbine for support
  • Fig. 3 A combined heat and power plant with Wankel engine, steam turbine and
  • Fig. 4 use of the exhaust steam of the steam turbine.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 with the generator 2 and the exhaust pipe 20 is shown, which is powered by gas, diesel oil or other energy sources with energy.
  • Its cooling circuit consists of a cooling water pump 5 and a line 6 and is connected to the hot water tank 3, which contains a heat exchanger 4. This heated via a line 8 with pump 7 via a mixing valve 13, the space heating circuit 10 with pump 9.
  • the hot water tank 11 is supplied via line 12 and heat exchanger 14 with heat.
  • the control is done by mixing valves 13, the fresh water supply through water pipes 16.
  • a line 15 leads hot water to the consumers.
  • a check valve 25 secures the space heating circuit.
  • the hot water tank 3 is supplied by water pipe 17 via a float valve 19 with water and he has a steam exhaust 18.
  • a chimney 22 is provided for exhaust and Abdampf.
  • Fig. 2 shows a pressure-resistant hot water tank 26, which is connected to the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine via line 6 and pump 5.
  • a pressure control valve 27 and a steam line 28 connect to a steam turbine 29, which supports the internal combustion engine 1 via a gear 36 and a clutch 37.
  • a condenser 31 for the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 29 is installed outside the building.
  • the hot water tank 26 includes a level switch 33, which opens a solenoid valve 34 in the cold water connection 17 in water shortage.
  • the exhaust pipe 20 passes the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 1 through an exhaust heat exchanger 32 which overheats the steam to the chimney 22.
  • the installed in the hot water tank 26 heat exchanger 4 delivers the heat by means of the pump 7 via lines 8 to the heat consumer in the home, with the faster Heat delivery, an electric water heater 35 can be turned on.
  • Fig. 3 shows a combined heat and power plant, in which the internal combustion engine is a Wankel engine whose piston chamber 40 is enclosed by a cylindrical, pressure-resistant housing 41.
  • the cooling liquid is conveyed by a pump 42 into this housing and kept liquid by increased pressure.
  • the port 43 is located near the point where the ignition of the fuel takes place in the piston chamber 40.
  • the generator 2 is connected to the Wankel engine by a belt drive 44.
  • the vapor pressure is adjusted by the pressure regulating valve 27, and the pump 42 introduces cooling water having a higher pressure than the pressure in the hot water reservoir 26 into the housing 41.
  • the line 28 leads the steam to overheat in the heat exchanger 34, which is heated by a pipe 46 from the exhaust gases and then into the steam turbine 29, which drives an additional generator 30.
  • the fuel-air mixture enters the piston chamber 40 at the port 45 and the pipe 20 directs the exhaust gases outside.
  • the heat supply of the house takes place as shown in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment in which, as in FIGS. 2 and 3, steam is generated in the hot water tank 26 and passes through the heat exchanger 34 into the steam turbine 29.
  • the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 30 is led into a hot water tank 50 which has been filled by a water connection 51 via float 52 and magnetic valve 53 with water.
  • the exhaust steam pipe 54 immersed with a perforated part in the water, the steam condenses and the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger 4, which supplies the house via line 8 and pump 7 with heat.
  • the container is heated to 100 ° C and removed with further heat steam via the line 55.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour faire fonctionner des centrales de cogénération au moyen desquelles du courant peut être produit à partir de la chaleur issue du refroidissement d'un moteur et, en l'absence de soutirage de chaleur, du courant peut continuer d'être produit sans refroidissement de secours. Dans un moteur à piston rotatif, qui entraîne un générateur de courant, la chambre de piston (40) est entourée d'une enveloppe (41) dans laquelle de l'eau chaude provenant d'un réservoir d'eau chaude (26) circule sous haute pression. De la vapeur est produite dans le réservoir d'eau chaude, laquelle alimente une turbine à vapeur (29) reliée à un second générateur. La vapeur d'échappement de la turbine à vapeur se condense dans un réservoir d'eau chaude sanitaire (50) qui comprend un échangeur de chaleur (4) permettant d'alimenter en chaleur l'ensemble résidentiel. Le réservoir d'eau chaude et le réservoir d'eau chaude sanitaire comportent une prise d'eau et un système de régulation de niveau permettant le remplacement de l'eau évaporée. En l'absence de soutirage de chaleur, la vapeur d'échappement est dirigée vers l'extérieur et deux générateurs peuvent continuer de produire du courant. L'invention convient particulièrement à des petites centrales dont un grand nombre sont installées dans des habitations et qui viennent remplacer les grandes centrales dangereuses et polluantes.
EP10768368A 2009-08-17 2010-08-10 Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner des centrales de cogénération Withdrawn EP2467583A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009037773 2009-08-17
DE102010022902A DE102010022902A1 (de) 2009-08-17 2010-06-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben von Blockheizkraftwerken
PCT/DE2010/000950 WO2011020463A2 (fr) 2009-08-17 2010-08-10 Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner des centrales de cogénération

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2467583A2 true EP2467583A2 (fr) 2012-06-27

Family

ID=43495570

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10768368A Withdrawn EP2467583A2 (fr) 2009-08-17 2010-08-10 Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner des centrales de cogénération

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2467583A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010022902A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011020463A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012001255A1 (de) 2011-01-26 2012-07-26 Heinz Herbertz Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Dampf aus der Abwärme eines flüssigkeitsgekühlten Verbrennungsmotors
NO336971B1 (no) 2012-04-04 2015-12-07 Viking Heat Engines As Kraftvarmeverk for et fjern- eller nærvarmeanlegg samt framgangsmåte ved drift av et kraftvarmeverk

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4201058A (en) * 1976-02-05 1980-05-06 Vaughan Raymond C Method and apparatus for generating steam
US5000003A (en) * 1989-08-28 1991-03-19 Wicks Frank E Combined cycle engine
DE9201493U1 (de) * 1992-02-06 1992-06-11 Haslbeck, Josef, 8314 Gangkofen Energiesparende Kraft-Wärmekopplung
KR19990046139A (ko) * 1999-03-29 1999-06-25 김영생 내연기관의냉각수폐열과배기가스열을이용한동력발생장치
AT504938A2 (de) 2007-02-23 2008-09-15 Vaillant Austria Gmbh Kraft-wärme-kopplungsanlage
DE102008003333A1 (de) 2008-01-07 2009-07-09 Dirk Landau Brennkraftmaschine zur Erzeugung von Wärme und elektrischer Energie, ausgeführt als stromerzeugende Heizung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011020463A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011020463A2 (fr) 2011-02-24
WO2011020463A3 (fr) 2012-05-03
DE102010022902A1 (de) 2011-02-24

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