EP2465206A1 - Procédé de transmission sans fil de données entre une pluralité d'unités de communication disposées dans un élément rotatif et élément rotatif - Google Patents

Procédé de transmission sans fil de données entre une pluralité d'unités de communication disposées dans un élément rotatif et élément rotatif

Info

Publication number
EP2465206A1
EP2465206A1 EP10744517A EP10744517A EP2465206A1 EP 2465206 A1 EP2465206 A1 EP 2465206A1 EP 10744517 A EP10744517 A EP 10744517A EP 10744517 A EP10744517 A EP 10744517A EP 2465206 A1 EP2465206 A1 EP 2465206A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
frequency
transmission
communication unit
transmitted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10744517A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Claus Kupferschmidt
Amina Ayadi-Miessen
Feng Zheng
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TELEMETRIE ELEKTRONIK GmbH
Original Assignee
Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leibniz Universitaet Hannover filed Critical Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
Publication of EP2465206A1 publication Critical patent/EP2465206A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/719—Interference-related aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/7183—Synchronisation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the wireless transmission of data between at least one arranged in or on a rotatable component communication unit to which at least one sensor (S) and / or actuator is connected, and at least one arranged in radio reception range outside of the rotating component base communication unit.
  • the invention further relates to a rotatable component having at least one communication unit for the wireless transmission of data between the at least one communication unit and at least one base communication unit arranged in the radio reception range outside the rotating component.
  • sensors In rotor telemetry, sensors record measured data of physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature or vibration, at predominantly rotating components. These parameters are emitted via special communication units mounted in or on the rotatable component and provided with moving antennas in the form of data of a transmission signal and received and evaluated by static antennas of at least one base communication unit arranged in radio reception range on the circumference of the rotatable component. Due to increasing demands on transmission systems with rotor telemetry in terms of higher flexibility and data rate, the transmitters and receivers are increasingly being realized digitally.
  • the known digital radio-based systems of the Rotortelemetrie are based on narrow-band, low-rate Einlinihabilit having a limited data rate for a frequency channel.
  • Such a telemetry module for a rotating component is known, for example, from EP 1 843 011 A2.
  • the data streams can be transmitted via a plurality of lower-rate radio-frequency carriers, so that the symbol duration per carrier can be significantly greater than the dispersion of the radio channel. Although this counteracts a strong symbol interference.
  • the circuit complexity for the rotor-side communication units increases proportionally with the number of different high-frequency carriers used.
  • the object is achieved by the method of the type mentioned by transmission of the data in the ultra-wideband radio transmission method on a frequency spectrum of more than 500 MHz or a frequency bandwidth of more than 0.2 times the average transmission frequency.
  • Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology is used for rotor telemetry.
  • the data is transmitted broadband without modulation to a specific carrier frequency.
  • Ultra-wideband technology is particularly suitable for rotor telemetry, in particular because it supports only low power and short transmission paths.
  • the short pulses required for pulse data transmission for example, require only low transmission powers, which can be introduced inductively into the rotating component and the communication units arranged therein without difficulty.
  • the UWB data transmission technology has the advantage over conventional narrowband telemetry systems that the transmission is less affected by narrow-band in-band interferers, since only a small frequency range of the UWB useful signal is disturbed. Such a disturbance can be done for example by mobile devices or WLAN systems.
  • the ultra-wideband technology has the advantage that a large number of similar communication units can be used in a rotatable component, all of which have the same transmitter structure.
  • the data from a plurality of sensors can then be written to a single base communication unit at almost the same time by means of at least one communication unit, e.g. by means of a time-slot method or a sensor-dependent coding, e.g. with a spreading method, or a combination thereof.
  • the data to be transmitted in the communication units are pulse-position-modulated by a pulse, preferably without modulation.
  • modulation on a carrier frequency in a time offset to a respective pulse reference time, which is selected in dependence on the information to be transmitted, is emitted.
  • impulse radio method in which the UWB data transmission is realized by means of successive, very short pulses in the order of about one or more nanoseconds.
  • Such pulses can be generated very circuit and energy efficient, for example by an analog diode circuit.
  • the transmission unit of the communication units integrated in a rotatable component can thus be miniaturized, which is of great importance for the industrial application of rotor telemetry.
  • DSPAM direct sequence pulse amplitude modulation
  • multiband OFDM multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the UWB data transmission can also be done by a direct sequence code division multiple access transmission (direct sequence code division multiple access transmission, DS-CDMA) by the data to be transmitted or the information to be sent with a fixed predetermined or pseudo-random spreading code multiplied.
  • the information to be sent is usually binary data signals from the plurality of sensors multiplied by appropriate spreading codes.
  • the result can be modulated onto the UWB pulses, for example by means of pulse amplitude modulation, and these modulated pulses can be transmitted.
  • the maximum The number of different sensors is determined by the number of available spreading codes.
  • the transmission quality depends on the required data rate and the expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiving end.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the electrical energy for supplying the communication units is inductively coupled.
  • the effort for the communication units and the optionally connected thereto or integrated therein sensors and / or actuators can be reduced because a separate to be integrated into the rotatable component energy supply.
  • Doppler shifts of the individual useful frequencies may occur, in particular at very high revolutions due to the rotational speeds. These are frequency-dependent, so it is advantageous for ultra-wideband radio transmission to determine these frequency-dependent Doppler shifts for frequencies of the frequency spectrum as a function of the rotational speed of the rotating component, and by suitable algorithms, tables or correlators with subsequent filters the Doppler shifts in the received signal to compensate.
  • the determination of the frequency-dependent Doppler shift can take place, for example, by estimating in particular using a plurality of correlators.
  • each correlator may e.g. calculate a cross-ambiguity function for an assumed Doppler shift, i. with the help of a cross-correlation. The maximum of these correlators provides a rough estimate for the Doppler shift.
  • the compensation of the Doppler shifts can be done for example by means of frequency-dependent parameterized interpolation filter and / or by means of phase locked loops.
  • each sensor is assigned an individual code sequence for determining transmission time slots and a comparison signal for correlation with the received data transmission signal by delaying the individual code sequences in dependence on the known data transmission path known data transmission path delays.
  • the object of the invention is furthermore to provide an improved rotatable component with at least one communication unit, to which at least one sensor or actuator is connected, for the wireless transmission of data between the at least one communication unit and at least one base communication unit arranged outside the rotating component in radio reception range that allows fast transfer of high data volumes of a plurality of communication units to the at least one base communication unit.
  • the object is achieved with the rotatable component of the type mentioned above in that the communication units for transmitting the data in the ultra-wideband radio transmission method to a frequency spectrum of more than 500 MHz or a frequency bandwidth of more than 0.2 times the average transmission frequency after the are formed above described method.
  • Figure 1 sketch of a rotatable component with communication units and a static base communication unit
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of a receiver structure of a base communication unit
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a sensor detector of a basic communication unit for the time-jump pulse position modulation method (TH-PPM);
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a sensor detector of a basic communication unit for the direct sequence pulse amplitude modulation method (DSPAM).
  • DSPAM direct sequence pulse amplitude modulation method
  • FIG. 1 shows a sketch of a rotatable component 1 with a communication unit 2 arranged thereon, which are connected to or include sensors S and / or actuators mounted in or on the rotatable component 1.
  • the at least one communication unit 2 each has its own antenna 3. In the event that multiple communication units 2 are present, these u. U. also share a common antenna (not shown).
  • the at least one communication unit 2 serves to exchange data unidirectionally or bidirectionally with at least one basic communication unit 4. Such data may in particular be measurement data from sensors S which are connected to a communication unit 2. It is also conceivable that control data for controlling actuators are sent from the base communication unit 4 to the communication unit 2 connected to the actuator to be controlled.
  • the basic communication unit 4 is arranged at least with its antenna 5 in radio reception range.
  • the communication units 2 and the base communication unit 4 are set up in order to transmit data in the ultra-wideband network.
  • Radio Transmission Method UWB
  • a frequency spectrum for data transmission of more than 500 MHz or a frequency bandwidth of more than 0.2 times the average transmission frequency is used.
  • the relative bandwidth, ie the ratio of absolute bandwidth to average frequency is thus set to a value of at least 0.2.
  • the absolute bandwidth is at least 500 MHz.
  • an energy-saving UWB-based transmission system For wireless data transmission in the case of radio-assisted rotor telemetry, an energy-saving UWB-based transmission system is thus used in which no separate frequency band is occupied. Rather, the ultra-wideband radio transmission methods can use already allocated frequency bands and form a so-called "overlay" system, which is possible without serious interference, since in typical application scenarios the power density spectrum of received UWB signals is lower than the background noise Transmit Power Density is typically below the maximum allowable radiated emissions of electrical equipment Because data transmission is not dependent on one or more carrier frequencies to which the transmitted data is modulated, only one UWB antenna is required for all communication units.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a section of a basic communication unit 4. The components required for receiving the radio signals, such as antenna and preamplifier are not shown.
  • the received signal r (t) is subjected in a Doppler compensation unit 6 to Doppler compensation.
  • the Doppler shifts of the individual useful frequencies of the received signal r (t) caused by the rotational speeds are eliminated.
  • the frequency-dependent Doppler shift results in a deviation that behaves like a sampling clock error on the received signal r (t).
  • this is first estimated in the Doppler compensation unit 6. This can be done by a method based on several correlators. Each correlator can z. For example, calculate a cross ambiguity function for an assumed Doppler shift.
  • the maximum of this correlation Toren provides a rough estimate of the Doppler shift.
  • the rough Doppler shift can be compensated with the help of eg interpolation filters.
  • a phase-locked loop PLL phase-locked loop
  • the index K is the number of communication units 2 and the number of sensors S connected to a communication unit 2, respectively.
  • the base communication unit 4 has a number K of sensor detectors 7a, 7b,... 7K which, from the common received signal F (t) corrected for the Doppler effect, the individual receive symbols a k of the k th sensor S and the k th communication unit 2, respectively determined.
  • the detection of the reception symbols a k is dependent on the modulation methods of the ultra-wideband radio transmission method UWB actually used by the individual communication units 2.
  • the UWB technology offers several options, two of which are exemplified below.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a sensor detector 7 of a basic communication unit for the time-hopping pulse position modulation method TH-PPM (Time Hopping (TH) Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)).
  • TH-PPM Time Hopping (TH) Pulse Position Modulation
  • This method is based on the impulse radio technology, in which successive very short pulses on the order of a nanosecond are used. These pulses can be very circuit and energy efficient in the transmitter of the communication units 2 eg generated by an analog diode circuit. Since the pulses are very short in time, the digital information of the individual sensors S can be determined by the position of the pulses.
  • TH-PPM Time Hopping (TH) Pulse Position Modulation
  • the transmitting signal of the k-th communication unit 2 is defined by:
  • T S N C * T C , (3)
  • N c is the number of chips per frame.
  • a k describes the bit sequence a k € ⁇ -1.1 ⁇ and ⁇ the modulation constant.
  • the received signal of the k-th sensor S is superimposed over the multipath transmission as follows:
  • r k (t) ⁇ A c1 , ⁇ M t - j T s - c ⁇ T c - ⁇ a [- ⁇ kl ) + n (t), (4)
  • the individual communication units 2 or sensors S are separated from each other by their code c k .
  • the codes c k are the
  • the codes c k set at which times the individual sensors S transmit messages.
  • the channel must be estimated so that the path losses A k , and the path delays ⁇ kJ become known.
  • the received signal F (t) is correlated with the adjusted template signal v (t). This happens for each path / channel for all frames according to the rule:
  • the coefficients a k the strongest L paths are added.
  • the reception symbol a k of the k-th sensor S is determined.
  • the Doppler compensation unit 6 estimates and compensates for the Doppler shift.
  • the sensor selector then selects the information of a specific communication unit 2 or of a specific sensor S connected to a common communication unit 2 or assigns the information to the individual sensors S.
  • a sequence generator is used which contains the code c [of the kth sensor
  • the frame clock is generated, for example, as a weighted and delayed pulse train.
  • a PPM demolator or a sequence delay is used to delay the pulse train by c k T c .
  • a template generator filters the input pulse sequence with the template signal v (t). The correlator multiplies that Receive signal r (t) with the superimposed delayed template signal and integrated over a frame duration. With a summation, all coefficients a k , over L
  • a decision maker uses a threshold to decide which symbol was sent.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a sensor detector of a basic communication unit for the direct sequence pulse amplitude modulation (DS-PAM) method.
  • the transmitted signal of the k-th sensor S is defined by:
  • the received signal is disturbed in the DS-PAM method by multipath propagation and noise, as described by the above equation (2).
  • all the signals of the sensors S are superposed according to the above-described equation (3).
  • the sensor detection is similar to the TH-PPM method described above.
  • the main difference lies in the demodulation.
  • the basic structure of the receiver is the same as shown in FIG.
  • the template signal v (t) differs by another influence of the code c [of the k-th sensor S due to the spreading code.
  • the coefficients a kJ in the DS-PAM method are defined as follows for the k-th sensor S:
  • the task of the communication units 2 is very simple compared to scaled narrowband systems.
  • the process is also characterized by a significantly higher data rate (about 30 times compared to scaled narrowband systems) and a relatively low energy consumption.
  • the described method also has very high immunity to inband interferers due to bandwidth diversity.
  • the low transmission power can also ensure that other radio systems are not disturbed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de transmission sans fil de données entre au moins une unité de communication (2) qui est disposée dans ou sur un élément rotatif (1) et à laquelle est raccordée au moins un capteur (S) et/ou actionneur, et au moins une unité de communication de base (4) disposée en dehors de l'élément rotatif dans la région de réception radio. Elle propose une transmission des données par le procédé de transmission radio à ultra-large bande dans un spectre de fréquence de plus de 500 MHz ou une largeur de bande de fréquence de plus de 0,2 fois la fréquence de transmission moyenne.
EP10744517A 2009-08-14 2010-08-10 Procédé de transmission sans fil de données entre une pluralité d'unités de communication disposées dans un élément rotatif et élément rotatif Withdrawn EP2465206A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910037335 DE102009037335B4 (de) 2009-08-14 2009-08-14 Rotortelemetrie-verfahren geeignet für sehr hohe rotationsgeschwindigkeiten zur drahtlosen übertragung von daten zwischen einer mehrzahl von in einem rotierbaren bauteil angeordneten kommunikationseinheiten und system aus rotierbarem bauteil und basiskommunikationseinheit
PCT/EP2010/004877 WO2011018204A1 (fr) 2009-08-14 2010-08-10 Procédé de transmission sans fil de données entre une pluralité d'unités de communication disposées dans un élément rotatif et élément rotatif

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2465206A1 true EP2465206A1 (fr) 2012-06-20

Family

ID=42983975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10744517A Withdrawn EP2465206A1 (fr) 2009-08-14 2010-08-10 Procédé de transmission sans fil de données entre une pluralité d'unités de communication disposées dans un élément rotatif et élément rotatif

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8937985B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2465206A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013502120A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009037335B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011018204A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH709714A1 (de) * 2014-05-22 2015-11-30 Kistler Holding Ag Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zum telemetrischen Übertragen von Messdaten von einer Messeinheit an einem bewegten System zu einer Basisstation.

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US6985532B2 (en) * 2002-06-07 2006-01-10 Texas Instruments Incorporated Ultra wideband (UWB) transmitter architecture
US7263133B1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2007-08-28 Miao George J MIMO-based multiuser OFDM multiband for ultra wideband communications
SE0303445L (sv) * 2003-12-17 2005-06-18 Abb Research Ltd Verktyg för en industrirobot
KR20050081556A (ko) * 2004-02-14 2005-08-19 삼성전자주식회사 초광대역 통신방법 및 장치
US7743600B2 (en) 2006-04-04 2010-06-29 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine telemetry module
EP2275286B1 (fr) * 2006-04-25 2019-10-09 Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, LLC Article elastomere comprenant un systeme de micro-capteurs et nano-capteurs sans fil
US20070286311A1 (en) * 2006-05-01 2007-12-13 Coyne Paul T Communications system comprising channelized receiver
FR2920065A1 (fr) * 2007-08-16 2009-02-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de codage/decodage spatio-temporel pour systeme de communication multi-antenne de type impulsionnel
US20090115629A1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2009-05-07 Honeywell International Inc. moving and stationary body system interfacing with a communications medium
US20100278214A1 (en) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-04 Westcott Bryan L Pulse-level interleaving for UWB systems

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
"Phd. Thesis", 20 July 2007, SHAKLER VERLAG, Aachen, Germany, ISBN: 978-3-83-226532-8, article CLAUS W. KUPFERSCHMIDT: "Modellierung zyklisch stationärer Kanäle für die funkgestützte Rotortelemetrie", XP055195897 *
See also references of WO2011018204A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8937985B2 (en) 2015-01-20
DE102009037335A1 (de) 2011-06-09
WO2011018204A1 (fr) 2011-02-17
DE102009037335B4 (de) 2014-06-05
US20120140795A1 (en) 2012-06-07
JP2013502120A (ja) 2013-01-17

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