EP2460581B1 - Method for mixing powder or granular materials, and mixing machine - Google Patents
Method for mixing powder or granular materials, and mixing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2460581B1 EP2460581B1 EP12157516.1A EP12157516A EP2460581B1 EP 2460581 B1 EP2460581 B1 EP 2460581B1 EP 12157516 A EP12157516 A EP 12157516A EP 2460581 B1 EP2460581 B1 EP 2460581B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixing
- tool
- container
- conveying
- head
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims description 333
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/60—Mixing solids with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades
- B01F27/1123—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades sickle-shaped, i.e. curved in at least one direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/805—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis wherein the stirrers or the receptacles are moved in order to bring them into operative position; Means for fixing the receptacle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/90—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/35—Mixing after turning the mixing vessel upside down
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/83—Mixing plants specially adapted for mixing in combination with disintegrating operations
- B01F33/833—Devices with several tools rotating about different axis in the same receptacle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/30—Mixing paints or paint ingredients, e.g. pigments, dyes, colours, lacquers or enamel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for mixing powdered and / or granular materials with a mixing machine, comprising a mixing head, configured with one or more elements for connecting the same to a container containing a mix for forming a mixing mixture containing closed mixing container, which mixing head pivotable is mounted relative to a frame in such a way that the mixing container formed from the mixing bowl and container can be pivoted to perform the mixing process, and comprising means for generating a Mischgutstromes and at least one engaging in the Mischgutstrom, rotationally driven mixing tool.
- the invention relates to a mixing machine, comprising a mixing head, designed with one or more elements for connecting it to a mixture containing a container for forming a mixture containing the closed mixing container, which mixing head is pivotally mounted relative to a frame in such a way that from the mixing head and Container formed mixing container for performing the mixing process is pivotable, and comprising means for generating a Mischgutstromes and at least one engaging in the Mischgutstrom rotationally driven mixing tool.
- Such mixing machines are industrial mixers which are used for mixing, in particular, bulk material, typically powdered bulk material, such as is required for producing plastic granulate mixtures or else in the paint industry. These mixing machines have a comparison with a frame pivotally mounted mixing head, which also serves to seal a container containing the mix, which is connected to the mixing head for the purpose of mixing therein. After the container has been connected to the mixing head, a closed mixing container is formed from the mixing head and the container containing the mix. For the purpose of connecting the container At the mixing head, the mixing head has one or more connection elements, for example a peripheral flange. Due to the fact that in these mixing machines a container containing the mix is connected to the mixing head, these mixers are also addressed as a container mixer.
- the mixing head itself is pivotally arranged relative to the frame of the mixing machine, so that the mixing with respect to the mixing head in an overhead position, in which the mixing head at the bottom and the container connected thereto are located at the top.
- Such known container mixers have a device for generating a Mischgutstroms.
- Mischgutstromerzeugungs adopted used in conventional mixers axially mounted in the mixing head tool, driven by rotation motor.
- Such a tool has a plurality of radially projecting from the drive shaft wings, so that it is designed in the manner of a propeller.
- Such a container mixer is off EP 0 225 495 A2 known. Further, it can be provided to arrange a plurality of such tools on the drive shaft. In the prior art mixers, this tool serves as a mixing tool and generates a Mischthrombus during operation of the mixer with the mix contained in the mixing container.
- a second motor-driven mixing tool is arranged radially engaging in the wall portion of the container.
- This tool is a significantly higher speed rotating tool compared to the rotational speed of the tool used to create the mixing turret. It can be provided that several such are provided radially arranged mixing tools.
- the at least one mixing tool serves for further energy input into the mixing thrombus generated by the conveying tool and for improving a particle dispersion and thus for supporting the mixing process.
- the formation of the high-energy mixed thrombus is imperative for the mixing process.
- the particles are conveyed in the mixing thrombus depending on the mix at a speed in the range of about 20 m / sec.
- the aim is to achieve the desired mixing in the shortest possible time. Even if with higher tool speeds basically a thorough mixing in a shorter time is possible, as with slower rotating tools is generally considered that in the material to be mixed not too much heat may be entered. Especially when mixing plastic granules is to pay attention to this, otherwise the individual granules particles baked together and / or can also cake on the tools. For this reason, in the mixing machines described above, the mixing time is limited in order to prevent the mixed material from becoming too hot due to the drive of the first and second mixing tools and the jacket friction of the particles on the inner wall of the container.
- the DE 198 09 476 discloses a mixer with mixer shaft which is pivotable about a substantially horizontal pivot axis with respect to a frame.
- a helical mixing tool is attached at the mixer shaft.
- a Mischgut meanser is moved by means of a lifting device from below to the mixing shaft, so that it comes into engagement with a arranged on the mixing shaft shaft top plate.
- the mix container is then pivotable together with the mixer shaft.
- a high-speed operated deagglomeration or homogenization tool can be arranged on the top plate, which is used when a mix is to be mixed with a liquid.
- the invention It is therefore an object of the invention to improve a method mentioned at the outset as well as a mixing machine mentioned at the beginning in such a way that gentle mixing is not only possible with a lower temperature input, but also that the mixing process can be better controlled.
- This procedural object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to claim 1 by means of Mischgutstromer Wegungs founded a low-energy Primärmischgutstrom with a minimum of energy input into the mix is generated as a flow that serves solely for supplying the mixture contained in the mixing container to the at least one mixing tool through which Mixing a only a fraction of the mixed material in the mixing container detecting, but responsible for the actual mixing process secondary mixed material flow is generated as a cross-flow to serving as a flow Primärmischgutstrom, the mixing process is carried out only at the detected by the Sekundärhmischgutstrom mix.
- it is provided to generate the primary mixed material stream by means of at least one rotationally driven conveying tool arranged in the mixing container.
- the primary mixed material stream is conveyed concentrically around the axis of rotation of the conveying tool, which axis of rotation preferably corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the mixing container.
- the device-related object is achieved according to the invention a mixing machine according to claim 4, wherein the Mischgutstromer Wegungs adopted for generating a low-energy Primärmischgutstroms with a minimum of energy input to the mix as a flow, solely for supplying the mix contained in the mixing container to the at least one in the mixing head in which is provided by the mixing Mischgutstromer Wegungs driving primary mixing material arranged intermeshing tool, is designed and that the at least one mixing tool is provided for generating a comprehensive only a fraction of the mixing mixture contained Mischgut secondary stream as a cross flow to the Primärhmischgutstrom, wherein it is provided that the mixing process respectively is carried out only at the mixed material to be scanned by the secondary mixed material flow, and wherein a rotatably driven soil-clearing conveying tool for inducing a Mischgut situated concentric to the axis of rotation of the conveying tool is provided as Mischgutstrom Wegungs observed, which tool has at least one blade, and that at least one mixing tool between
- the special feature of this method and a mixing machine designed in this way is that the process of mixing is always carried out on only a fraction of the mixing material contained in the mixing container, wherein the mixed material is successively supplied to the one or more mixing tools by the Mischgutstromer Wegungs observed for generating the Primärärmischgutstromes as a flow ,
- the orientation of the Sekundärhmischgutstromes is transverse to the flow direction of the primary mixed stream, the primary mixed stream is designed so that successive and recurring contained in the mixing container Mixture is fed to the or the mixing tools for performing the actual mixing.
- This concept has the advantage that the intended as a flow Primischischgutstrom can be generated with a minimum of energy input into the mix, since this stream basically serves only the purpose of promoting the mix contained in the container to the mixing tools or. Since the at least one mixing tool is provided for producing a secondary mixed material flow comprising comparatively small mixed material mass with respect to its mass relative to the primary mixed material stream, the mixing tool can be designed to be correspondingly small in construction and with a correspondingly smaller dimensioned drive. In addition, this concept allows that several mixing tools can be arranged in the path of the primary mixed material flow, all of which work according to the aforementioned principle. If several such mixing tools are provided, they can be designed differently with regard to their tools.
- the mixing tool is a dispersing tool with which a higher or higher energy secondary mixed material flow is generated, the energy input into the mixed material flow is relatively low even in such an embodiment of the mixing tool.
- the respective particles forming the secondary mixed material stream only stay in the latter for a certain time before they are brought out of the secondary mixed material stream as a result of the conveying process of the primary mixed material stream become. Consequently, these particles discharged from the secondary mixed material stream then have sufficient opportunity to cool down before they are again supplied to this or another mixing tool by the circulation of the primary particle stream.
- the pivoting of the mixing head can be used to assist the mixing process by a tumbling or parallel movement of the mixing vessel.
- a delivery tool is a soil-clearing, low-speed driven tool with its shaft passing through the bottom of the mixing head, comprising at least one bottom-clearing blade.
- the movement path of the at least one blade of the conveying tool with respect to the bottom of the mixing head also cross-shaft of the at least one mixing tool at a greater radial distance from the shaft of the conveying tool is arranged as the shaft of the mixing tool.
- the blade is guided in the radial direction with respect to the shaft of the conveying tool on the outside of the respective shaft or of the or the tools of the mixing tool.
- the delivery tool is designed to clear the ground, so that no sediment accumulates on the bottom of the mixing container in the mixing position of the mixing machine, which is not supplied to further mixing.
- a designed as Bodenschreibr conveyor tool has according to an embodiment of at least one helical segment-like designed conveying arm, which is arranged in the radial direction with respect to the shaft of the tool on the outside of the or the mixing tools mention 2009bar.
- the at least one blade of the conveying tool preferably has a recess pointing inwards in the radial direction, while the blade itself extends into the extends the region near the shaft of the conveying tool.
- the recess serves to move the conveying arm past the mixing tool or tools.
- the helical segment-like designed conveyor arms extend from the blade to a height above the upper end of the mixing tools. This ensures that a Mischgutmaterialumver notorious done to a sufficient extent.
- the shaft of the mixing tool (s) will typically be inclined to the shaft of the conveying tool.
- a mixing machine 1 for industrial purposes has a frame 2, on which a mixing head 3 is pivotally mounted.
- the pivot axis of the mixing head 3 is denoted by the reference symbol S in FIG. 1 indicated.
- the mixing head 3 is pivotable about its pivot axis S at least 180 °.
- the pivotability of the mixing head 3 serves the purpose that in its opposite to the representation in FIG. 1 rotated 180 ° position a mixed goods container 5 as a mix containing container can be connected to the mixing head 3, then the unit formed from Mischgutcontainer 5 and mixing head 3 - the actual mixing container - in the FIG. 1 shown mixing position of the mixing head 3 to pivot. In this position, the mixing head 3 of the mixing machine 1 is at the bottom, so that the mix contained in the Mischgutcontainer 5 falls on the arranged in the mixing head 3 tools.
- the mixing head 3 of the illustrated embodiment has two tools, which are each driven by an electric motor in the illustrated embodiments.
- a first electric motor 6 serves to drive a conveying tool;
- a second electric motor 7 serves to drive a mixing tool.
- FIG. 2 shows the mixing head 3 with its tools W 1 , W 2 in a perspective view.
- the mixing head 3 has a container part 8 with a bottom 9 and a cylindrical wall section 10 formed thereon. The transition from the bottom 9 into the wall section 10 is designed to form a specific radius.
- the container part 8 is enclosed in a housing 11.
- the housing 11 carries at its free End of a coupling flange 12 to which a complementarily designed coupling piece of the Mischgutcontainer 5 rests after connection to the mixing head 3.
- the coupling flange 12 as an element for connecting a container containing a mix, here: the Mischgutcontainers. 5
- the driven by the electric motor 6 tool W 1 is designed as a delivery tool and engages with its shaft 14, the bottom 9 of the container part 8 in its center.
- the shaft 14 of the tool W 1 thus extends along the longitudinal axis of the mixing container and thus parallel to the cylindrical wall portion 10, which surrounds the shaft 14 concentrically.
- the conveying tool W 1 of the mixing machine 1 comprises in the illustrated embodiment two conveying arms 15, 15.1. In the following, the conveying arm 15 is described.
- the conveying arm 15.1 is constructed identically. Both conveyor arms 15, 15.1 are arranged at an angular distance of 180 ° to each other.
- the conveyor arm 15 is designed like a spiral segment and has a curved coil section 16. The coil segment 16 carries at its lower bottom end a blade 17.
- the inclination of the helical segment 16 serves to compensate for the force acting on the mix during operation of the conveyor tools W 1 centrifugal force with the purpose of counteracting a collection of material on the inner wall of the wall portion 10 of the container part 8 and thus to support the desired redistribution in the vertical direction.
- a recess 19 is introduced into the helical segment 16.
- the blade 17 is widened with respect to the recess 19, in the radial direction inwards.
- the radially outer end 20 of the helix 16 is guided at a short distance from the inside of the wall section 10.
- the conveying tool W 1 in the illustrated embodiment has two auxiliary tools 21, 21.1, which are connected directly above the passage of the shaft 14 through the bottom 9 to the shaft 14.
- the auxiliary tools 21, 21.1 are designed as individual wings, which are employed in the direction of rotation of the tool W 1 .
- the auxiliary tools 21, 21.1 serve the purpose of directing the mixed material flow generated by the conveying arms 15, 15.1 from the shaft 14 in the radial direction to the outside.
- the conveying tool W 1 is driven by the electric motor 6 and an intermediate gear 22 slowly rotating during operation of the mixing machine 1.
- the rotational speed of the conveying tool W 1 is set in such a way that the mix is conveyed through the low-energy primary mixed material flow. This provided in the illustrated embodiment as a recirculating flow Primischischgutstrom serves to supply the mixed material to a mixing tool W 2 described below.
- the mixing head 3 further has a mixing tool W 2 , which is driven by the electric motor 7.
- the shaft 23 of the tool W 2 is inclined to the axis of rotation of the shaft 14.
- This arrangement has been chosen in the mixing machine 1 shown in the figures, so that the mixing blades of the tool W 2 are arranged at a sufficient distance from the inside of the wall portion 10 and the movement track of the conveying arms 15, 15.1.
- the recess 19 serves the helical segments 16, 16.1 of the two conveying arms 15, 15.1.
- the mixing tool W 2 is designed as a dispersing tool. Its mixing blades are driven at an operation of the mixing machine 1 at a corresponding speed, which exceeds the rotational speed of the conveying tools W 1 many times.
- FIG. 3 shows in a schematic plan view of the arrangement of the shaft 14, the two conveying arms 15, 15.1 with their blades 17, 17.1 and the two auxiliary tools 21, 21.1 to each other and in relation to the tool W 2nd Only for playback reasons, the housing 11 and the wall portion 10 of the container part 8 in FIG. 3 as a polygon shown. In fact, these elements are continuously curved.
- the mixing machine 1 or its mixing head 3 is operated for mixing a mixed material contained in the mixed goods container 5 in the in FIG. 1
- the mixed material container 5 is in this position in its overhead position, so that through the open top of the mix in the container part 8 of the mixing head 3 with the tools W 1 , W 2 arranged therein.
- the conveying tool W 1 is driven by the electric motor 6 to work as Bodenippor redistribute the resting on the bottom 9 of the container part 8 mix, namely lift off from the bottom 9 and about the helical segments 16, 16.1 of the two conveying arms 15, 15.1 raise and to unload over the upper end of the helical segments 16, 16.1 and subordinate possible way in the direction of the shaft 14.
- the conveying arms 15, 15.1 work in the manner of a plow.
- the material conveyed via the helical segments 16, 16.1 is brought outward in the radial direction and thus returned to the blades 17, 17.1 of the conveying arms 15, 15.1.
- a low-energy primary mixed material flow is generated with the conveying tool W 1 , in which the mixed material or the particles participating in the mixed material flow are moved at a speed of about 1-5 m / sec.
- the conveyor speed to be achieved depends on the material to be mixed.
- the material delivery by the conveying tool W 1 thus takes place concentrically around the shaft 14.
- the conveying tool W 1 serves not only for redistribution, but also for supplying the mixed material to the mixing tool W 2 responsible for the actual mixing process.
- This tool W 2 which is driven at a higher speed, generates a secondary mixed material flow which operates transversely to the primary mixed material flow, in which, in the illustrated embodiment, the mixed material particles are conveyed at a speed of 30-40 m / sec.
- the actual mixing process of the mixed material is carried out by the tool used for dispersing W 2 .
- the mixed material particles are supplied to the tool W 2 , detected by this and incorporated into the Sekundärhmischgutstrom and pushed out by nachgeschobenes mix from the Sekundärhmischgutstrom after a certain residence time to be re-supplied to the mixing tool W 2 on the primary mixed flow after appropriate transport. This process is repeated until the desired mixing result is achieved.
- the conveying tool W 1 has two helical segments 16, 16.1, each with a blade 17 and 17.1 in the ground-near area.
- a supply of mix to the mixing tool W 2 takes place at a constant rotational speed of the conveying tool W 1 with different intensity, this Mischgutzufarzi is greatest when a helical segment 16 or 16.1 has fallen below a certain minimum distance to the tools of the mixing tool W 2 and this happens outside ,
- Such mixed material supply can be addressed in the broadest sense as a pumped material supply.
- the Mischgutpelle be moved in the secondary Mischgutstrom about 8-10 times faster than in the primary Mischgutstrom.
- FIG. 4 shows the mixing head 24 of a further, otherwise not shown mixing machine.
- the mixing head 24 is designed with respect to its conveying tool W 1 'as well as this to the mixing head 3 of the previous embodiment is described.
- the mixing head 24 has two mixing tools W 2 'and W 2 "
- the mixing tool W 2 ' is designed as a dispersing tool, just like the mixing tool W 2 of the mixing head 3.
- the two mixing tools W 2 'and W 2 " are arranged diametrically opposite one another with respect to the axis of rotation of the conveying tool W 1 '.
- the mixing tool W 2 " is designed in the manner of a screw conveyor, while the mixing tool W 2 " is a homogenizing tool with which a low-energy secondary mixed material flow is produced.
- the mixing tool W 2 " is also driven by an electric motor 25.
- the mixing head 24 can be used for mixing a variety of materials, without tool change.
- the mixing head 24 To facilitate operation of the mixing head 24 for a user, it may be provided to couple a control of the mixing tools W 2 'and W 2 "and the conveying tool W 1 ' in terms of their speed depending on the material to be mixed and the desired mixing result.
- a control panel On a control panel can be adjusted as adjustment variables in addition to an individual control of the tools W 1 ', W 2 ' and W 2 "the control variables” dispersion "and” homogenization ".
- the rotational speed of the mixing tool W 2 ' can be integrated to optimize the operation of the tools of the mixing head 24 to achieve a desired mixing result.
- the sectional view of the FIG. 5 the mixing head 24 illustrates the to Longitudinal axis of the mixing head 24 inclined arrangement of the axes of rotation of the mixing tools W 2 'and W 2 ".
- the mixing head 24 With the mixing head 24, it is possible to realize different mixing processes and also different mixing process stages in one and the same mixing process.
- the mixing head 24 in a first mixing stage primarily the dispersing tool W 2 'can be used as a mixing tool in order to achieve a dispersion and an associated comminution.
- the rotational speed of the dispersing tool W 2 ' is lowered or this tool W 2 ' is completely switched off and followed by a phase of homogenization in which either alone or primarily the homogenizing tool W 2 "is operated as a mixing tool in a mixing head contain other mixing tools, more mixing sub-steps can be driven.
- the particle size in the mixed product having a relatively narrow particle size spectrum can be set. This is primarily due to the fact that the dispersing tool does not have to be switched off prematurely as a result of increasing heating, as is the case in conventional mixing machines.
- the pivotable configuration of the mixing heads 3, 24 can be used to put this together with Mischgutcontainer 5 in a tumbling or parallel movement. This allows the mixing process to be supported.
- a mixing process can also take place with a lower degree of filling of the mixing container. While in conventional container mixers a filling of at least 60% had to be given in order to form a mixing thrombus necessary for the mixing process, with the described method and the described mixing machine satisfactory mixing results can be achieved even with mixing containers, which are only filled to 40% with mix.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Mischen von pulver- und/oder granulatförmigen Stoffen mit einer Mischmaschine, umfassend einen Mischkopf, ausgestaltet mit einem oder mehreren Elementen zum Anschließen desselben an ein ein Mischgut enthaltenes Behältnis zur Ausbildung eines das Mischgut enthaltenden geschlossenen Mischbehälters, welcher Mischkopf schwenkbar gegenüber einem Gestell dergestalt gelagert ist, dass der aus Mischkopf und Behältnis gebildete Mischbehälter zum Durchführen des Mischprozesses verschwenkt werden kann, sowie umfassend eine Einrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Mischgutstromes und zumindest ein in den Mischgutstrom eingreifendes, rotatorisch angetriebenes Mischwerkzeug. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Mischmaschine, umfassend einen Mischkopf, ausgestaltet mit einem oder mehren Elementen zum Anschließen desselben an ein ein Mischgut enthaltendes Behältnis zur Ausbildung eines das Mischgut enthaltenden geschlossenen Mischbehälters, welcher Mischkopf schwenkbar gegenüber einem Gestell dergestalt gelagert ist, dass der aus Mischkopf und Behältnis gebildete Mischbehälter zum Durchführen des Mischprozesses verschwenkbar ist, sowie umfassend eine Einrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Mischgutstromes und zumindest ein in den Mischgutstrom eingreifendes rotatorisch angetriebenes Mischwerkzeug.The invention relates to a method for mixing powdered and / or granular materials with a mixing machine, comprising a mixing head, configured with one or more elements for connecting the same to a container containing a mix for forming a mixing mixture containing closed mixing container, which mixing head pivotable is mounted relative to a frame in such a way that the mixing container formed from the mixing bowl and container can be pivoted to perform the mixing process, and comprising means for generating a Mischgutstromes and at least one engaging in the Mischgutstrom, rotationally driven mixing tool. Furthermore, the invention relates to a mixing machine, comprising a mixing head, designed with one or more elements for connecting it to a mixture containing a container for forming a mixture containing the closed mixing container, which mixing head is pivotally mounted relative to a frame in such a way that from the mixing head and Container formed mixing container for performing the mixing process is pivotable, and comprising means for generating a Mischgutstromes and at least one engaging in the Mischgutstrom rotationally driven mixing tool.
Bei derartigen Mischmaschinen handelt es sich um industrielle Mischer, die zum Mischen insbesondere von Schüttgut, typischerweise pulverförmigem Schüttgut, wie dieses etwa zum Erstellen von Kunststoffgranulatgemischen oder auch in der Farbindustrie benötigt wird, eingesetzt werden. Diese Mischmaschinen verfügen über einen gegenüber einem Gestell schwenkbar gelagerten Mischkopf, der gleichzeitig zum Verschließen eines das Mischgut enthaltenden Behältnisses dient, das zum Zwecke des darin befindlichen Mischgutes an den Mischkopf angeschlossen wird. Nach Anschließen des Behältnisses an den Mischkopf ist ein aus dem Mischkopf und dem das Mischgut enthaltenen Behältnis ein geschlossener Mischbehälter gebildet. Zum Zwecke des Anschließens des Behältnisses an den Mischkopf verfügt der Mischkopf über ein oder mehrere Anschlusselemente, beispielsweise einen umlaufenden Flansch. Aufgrund des Umstandes, dass bei diesen Mischmaschinen ein das Mischgut enthaltende Behältnis an den Mischkopf angeschlossen wird, werden diese Mischer auch als Containermischer angesprochen. Der Mischkopf selbst ist schwenkbar gegenüber dem Gestell der Mischmaschine angeordnet, damit das Mischen in Bezug auf den Mischkopf in einer Überkopfstellung, bei der der Mischkopf zuunterst und das daran angeschlossene Behältnis zuoberst angeordnet sind.Such mixing machines are industrial mixers which are used for mixing, in particular, bulk material, typically powdered bulk material, such as is required for producing plastic granulate mixtures or else in the paint industry. These mixing machines have a comparison with a frame pivotally mounted mixing head, which also serves to seal a container containing the mix, which is connected to the mixing head for the purpose of mixing therein. After the container has been connected to the mixing head, a closed mixing container is formed from the mixing head and the container containing the mix. For the purpose of connecting the container At the mixing head, the mixing head has one or more connection elements, for example a peripheral flange. Due to the fact that in these mixing machines a container containing the mix is connected to the mixing head, these mixers are also addressed as a container mixer. The mixing head itself is pivotally arranged relative to the frame of the mixing machine, so that the mixing with respect to the mixing head in an overhead position, in which the mixing head at the bottom and the container connected thereto are located at the top.
Derartige vorbekannte Containermischer verfügen über eine Einrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Mischgutstroms. Als Mischgutstromerzeugungseinrichtung dient bei herkömmlichen Mischern ein axial im Mischkopf gelagertes Werkzeug, rotatorisch durch Motor angetrieben. Ein solches Werkzeug verfügt über mehrere in radialer Richtung von der Antriebswelle abragender Flügel, so dass dieses nach Art eines Propellers ausgebildet ist. Ein solcher Containermischer ist aus
Bei Anwendungen, bei denen neben den Mischwerkzeugen mehr Energie in das Mischgut eingebracht werden soll, ist in den Wandabschnitt des Behälters radial eingreifend ein zweites motorisch angetriebenes Mischwerkzeug angeordnet. Bei diesem Werkzeug handelt es sich um ein bezüglich seiner Drehzahl deutlich höher drehendes Werkzeug, verglichen mit der Drehgeschwindigkeit des zur Erzeugung des Mischthrombus verwendeten Werkzeuges. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass mehrere derartiger radial angeordneter Mischwerkzeuge vorgesehen sind. Das zumindest eine Mischwerkzeug dient zum weiteren Energieeintrag in den durch das Förderwerkzeug erzeugten Mischthrombus und zum Verbessern einer Partikeldispersion und damit zum Unterstützen des Mischprozesses. Bei der Konzeption derartiger Mischmaschinen ist für den Mischvorgang die Ausbildung des hoch energetischen Mischthrombus zwingend erforderlich. Bei diesen vorbekannten Mischmaschinen werden die Partikel in dem Mischthrombus je nach Mischgut mit einer Geschwindigkeit im Bereich von etwa 20 m/sec gefördert.In applications where more energy is to be introduced into the mix in addition to the mixing tools, a second motor-driven mixing tool is arranged radially engaging in the wall portion of the container. This tool is a significantly higher speed rotating tool compared to the rotational speed of the tool used to create the mixing turret. It can be provided that several such are provided radially arranged mixing tools. The at least one mixing tool serves for further energy input into the mixing thrombus generated by the conveying tool and for improving a particle dispersion and thus for supporting the mixing process. In the design of such mixing machines, the formation of the high-energy mixed thrombus is imperative for the mixing process. In these known mixing machines, the particles are conveyed in the mixing thrombus depending on the mix at a speed in the range of about 20 m / sec.
Bei industriellen Mischmaschinen ist man bestrebt, die gewünschte Durchmischung in einer möglichst kurzen Zeit zu erreichen. Auch wenn mit höheren Werkzeugdrehzahlen grundsätzlich eine Durchmischung in kürzerer Zeit möglich ist, als mit langsamer drehenden Werkzeugen ist in aller Regel zu berücksichtigen, dass in das zu mischende Gut nicht zuviel Wärme eingetragen werden darf. Gerade bei einem Mischen von Kunststoffgranulaten ist hierauf zu achten, da ansonsten die einzelnen Granulatpartikel miteinander verbacken und/oder auch an den Werkzeugen anbacken können. Aus diesem Grunde wird bei den vorbeschriebenen Mischmaschinen die Mischdauer begrenzt, um zu verhindern, dass sich durch den Antrieb der ersten und zweiten Mischwerkzeuge sowie die Mantelreibung der Partikel an der Innenwand des Behälters das Mischgut zu sehr erwärmt.In industrial mixing machines, the aim is to achieve the desired mixing in the shortest possible time. Even if with higher tool speeds basically a thorough mixing in a shorter time is possible, as with slower rotating tools is generally considered that in the material to be mixed not too much heat may be entered. Especially when mixing plastic granules is to pay attention to this, otherwise the individual granules particles baked together and / or can also cake on the tools. For this reason, in the mixing machines described above, the mixing time is limited in order to prevent the mixed material from becoming too hot due to the drive of the first and second mixing tools and the jacket friction of the particles on the inner wall of the container.
Die
Ausgehend von diesem diskutierten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein eingangs genanntes Verfahren sowie eine eingangs genannte Mischmaschine dergestalt zu verbessern, damit nicht nur durch einen geringeren Temperatureintrag ein schonenderes Mischen möglich ist, sondern damit zudem der Mischprozess besser kontrollierbar ist.Based on this discussed prior art, the invention It is therefore an object of the invention to improve a method mentioned at the outset as well as a mixing machine mentioned at the beginning in such a way that gentle mixing is not only possible with a lower temperature input, but also that the mixing process can be better controlled.
Gelöst wird diese verfahrensbezogene Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren entsprechend Anspruch 1 mittels der Mischgutstromerzeugungseinrichtung ein niedrig energetischer Primärmischgutstrom mit einem Minimum an Energieeintrag in das Mischgut als Förderstrom erzeugt wird, der allein zum Zuführen des in dem Mischbehälter enthaltenen Mischgutes an das zumindest eine Mischwerkzeugdient, durch welches Mischwerkzeug ein nur einen Bruchteil des in dem Mischbehälter befindlichen Mischgutes erfassender, jedoch für den eigentlichen Mischvorgang verantwortlicher Sekundärmischgutstrom als Querstrom zu dem als Förderstrom dienenden Primärmischgutstrom erzeugt wird, wobei der Mischvorgang jeweils nur an dem vom Sekundärmischgutstrom erfassten Mischgut vorgenommen wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, den Primärmischgutstrom durch zumindest ein in dem Mischbehälter angeordnetes, rotierend angetriebenes Förderwerkzeug zu erzeugen. Bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung wird der Primärmischgutstrom konzentrisch zur Rotationsachse des Förderwerkzeuges, welche Rotationsachse vorzugsweise der Längsachse des Mischbehälters entspricht, herumgefördert.This procedural object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to
Die vorrichtungsbezogene Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß eine Mischmaschine entsprechend Anspruch 4 gelöst, bei der die Mischgutstromerzeugungseinrichtung zum Erzeugen eines niedrig energetischen Primärmischgutstroms mit einem Minimum an Energieeintrag an das Mischgut als Förderstrom, der allein zum Zuführen des in dem Mischbehälter enthaltenen Mischgutes an das zumindest eine in dem Mischkopf in den durch die Mischgutstromerzeugungseinrichtung erzeugten Primärmischgutstrom eingreifend angeordnete Mischwerkzeug dient, ausgelegt ist und dass das zumindest eine Mischwerkzeug zum Erzeugen eines nur einen Bruchteil des in dem Mischbehälter enthaltenen Mischgutes umfassenden Sekundärmischgutstroms als Querstrom zu dem Primärmischgutstrom vorgesehen ist, wobei vorgesehen ist, dass der Mischvorgang jeweils nur an dem vom Sekundärmischgutstrom erfassten Mischgut vorgenommen wird, und wobei als Mischgutstromerzeugungseinrichtung ein rotatorisch angetriebenes bodenräumendes Förderwerkzeug zum Herbeiführen einer Mischgutförderung konzentrisch zur Drehachse des Förderwerkzeuges vorgesehen ist, welches Werkzeug über wenigstens eine Schaufel verfügt, und dass das zumindest ein Mischwerkzeug zwischen der Bewegungsbahn der Schaufel des Förderwerkzeuges und der Welle des Förderwerkzeuges angeordnet ist.The device-related object is achieved according to the invention a mixing machine according to
Bei diesem Verfahren - gleiches gilt für die beanspruchte Mischmaschine - wird mit der Mischgutstromerzeugungseinrichtung lediglich ein Förderstrom, der im Rahmen dieser Ausführungen als Primärmischgutstrom bezeichnet ist, erzeugt. In diesem Primärmischgutstrom ist das gesamte, in dem Mischbehälter befindliche Mischgut erfasst. Dieser Mischgutstrom dient zum Zuführen des Mischgutes an ein oder mehrere Mischwerkzeuge, die jeweils einen als Querstrom zu dem Förderstrom ausgelegten Sekundärmischgutstrom erzeugen. Von dem zumindest einen Mischwerkzeug wird nur ein Bruchteil des in dem Mischbehälter erfassenden Mischgutes erfasst. Dieser zumindest eine Sekundärmischgutstrom ist für den eigentlichen Vorgang des Mischens des in dem Mischbehälter enthaltenen Mischgutes verantwortlich.In this method - the same applies to the claimed mixing machine - is produced with the Mischgutstromzeugungseinrichtung only a flow, which is referred to in the context of these remarks as Primärärmischgutstrom. In this Primischischgutstrom the entire, located in the mixing vessel mix is detected. This Mischgutstrom serves to supply the mixed material to one or more mixing tools, each generating a designed as a cross-flow to the flow secondary Mischgutstrom. Of the at least one mixing tool only a fraction of the mixing material detected in the mixing container is detected. This at least one Sekundärhmischgutstrom is responsible for the actual process of mixing the mix contained in the mixing container.
Das Besondere dieses Verfahrens und einer solchermaßen konzipierten Mischmaschine liegt darin, dass der Vorgang des Mischens immer nur an einem Bruchteil des in dem Mischbehälter enthaltenen Mischgutes vorgenommen wird, wobei durch die Mischgutstromerzeugungseinrichtung zum Generieren des Primärmischgutstromes als Förderstrom das Mischgut sukzessive dem oder den Mischwerkzeugen zugeführt wird. Die Ausrichtung des Sekundärmischgutstromes ist quer zur Strömungsrichtung des Primärmischgutstromes, wobei der Primärmischgutstrom ausgelegt ist, damit sukzessive und wiederkehrend das in dem Mischbehälter enthaltene Mischgut dem oder den Mischwerkzeugen für die Durchführung des eigentlichen Mischens zugeführt wird. Diese Konzeption hat zum Vorteil, dass der als Förderstrom vorgesehene Primärmischgutstrom mit einem Minimum an Energieeintrag in das Mischgut generiert werden kann, da dieser Strom grundsätzlich allein dem Zweck dient, das in dem Behälter enthaltene Mischgut an das oder die Mischwerkzeuge zu fördern. Da das zumindest eine Mischwerkzeug zum Erzeugen eines hinsichtlich seiner Masse gegenüber dem Primärmischgutstrom vergleichbar kleinen Mischgutmasse umfassenden Sekundärmischgutstroms vorgesehen ist, kann das Mischwerkzeug entsprechend kleinbauend und mit einem entsprechend geringer dimensionierten Antrieb ausgeführt sein. Darüber hinaus erlaubt diese Konzeption, dass in die Bahn des Primärmischgutstromes mehrere Mischwerkzeuge angeordnet sein können, die alle nach dem vorgenannten Prinzip arbeiten. Sind mehrere derartige Mischwerkzeuge vorgesehen, können diese hinsichtlich ihrer Werkzeuge unterschiedlich konzipiert sein. Daher ist es mit dem vorbeschriebenen Verfahren und der vorbeschriebenen Mischmaschine möglich, den Mischkopf mit einem oder mehreren Dispergierwerkzeugen und einem oder mehreren Homogenisierwerkzeugen auszurüsten. Mit einer solchermaßen konzipierten Mischmaschine kann ein Mischgut den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechend optimal gemischt werden, da die einzelnen Mischwerkzeuge unterschiedlich und, wenn gewünscht, auch unabhängig voneinander angesteuert werden können. Diese können einzeln oder einander ergänzend zum Erzielen eines Mischergebnisses betrieben werden. Durch diese Möglichkeit und durch die Trennung der Mischgutbewegungen in einen Primärmischgutstrom als Förderstrom und einen Sekundärmischgutstrom als Mischgutstrom erlaubt dieser eine bessere Kontrolle und eine differenziertere Einstellung der für den Mischprozess verantwortlichen Verfahrensparameter.The special feature of this method and a mixing machine designed in this way is that the process of mixing is always carried out on only a fraction of the mixing material contained in the mixing container, wherein the mixed material is successively supplied to the one or more mixing tools by the Mischgutstromerzeugungseinrichtung for generating the Primärärmischgutstromes as a flow , The orientation of the Sekundärhmischgutstromes is transverse to the flow direction of the primary mixed stream, the primary mixed stream is designed so that successive and recurring contained in the mixing container Mixture is fed to the or the mixing tools for performing the actual mixing. This concept has the advantage that the intended as a flow Primischischgutstrom can be generated with a minimum of energy input into the mix, since this stream basically serves only the purpose of promoting the mix contained in the container to the mixing tools or. Since the at least one mixing tool is provided for producing a secondary mixed material flow comprising comparatively small mixed material mass with respect to its mass relative to the primary mixed material stream, the mixing tool can be designed to be correspondingly small in construction and with a correspondingly smaller dimensioned drive. In addition, this concept allows that several mixing tools can be arranged in the path of the primary mixed material flow, all of which work according to the aforementioned principle. If several such mixing tools are provided, they can be designed differently with regard to their tools. Therefore, it is possible with the above-described method and the above-described mixing machine to equip the mixing head with one or more dispersing tools and one or more homogenizing tools. With a mixing machine designed in this way, a mix can be mixed optimally according to the respective requirements, since the individual mixing tools can be controlled differently and, if desired, independently of one another. These can be operated individually or in addition to achieve a mixing result. By this possibility and by the separation of Mischgutbewegungen in a primary mixed flow as a flow and a Sekundärhmischgutstrom as Mischgutstrom this allows better control and a more sophisticated adjustment of the process parameters responsible for the mixing process.
Handelt es sich bei dem Mischwerkzeug um ein Dispergierwerkzeug, mit dem ein höher- oder hochenergetischer Sekundärmischgutstrom erzeugt wird, ist auch bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung des Mischwerkzeuges der Energieeintrag in den Mischgutstrom relativ gering. Zum einen verweilen die jeweils den Sekundärmischgutstrom ausbildenden Partikel nur über eine gewisse Zeit in diesem, bevor diese in Folge des Förderprozesses des Primärmischgutstromes aus dem Sekundärmischgutstrom herausgebracht werden. Folglich erhalten diese aus dem Sekundärmischgutstrom herausgebrachten Partikel anschließend hinreichend Gelegenheit, sich abzukühlen, bevor diese durch den Umlauf des primären Partikelstroms erneut diesem oder einem weiteren Mischwerkzeug zugeführt werden.If the mixing tool is a dispersing tool with which a higher or higher energy secondary mixed material flow is generated, the energy input into the mixed material flow is relatively low even in such an embodiment of the mixing tool. On the one hand, the respective particles forming the secondary mixed material stream only stay in the latter for a certain time before they are brought out of the secondary mixed material stream as a result of the conveying process of the primary mixed material stream become. Consequently, these particles discharged from the secondary mixed material stream then have sufficient opportunity to cool down before they are again supplied to this or another mixing tool by the circulation of the primary particle stream.
Optional kann die Schwenkbarkeit des Mischkopfs genutzt werden, um den Mischprozess durch eine taumelnde oder parallele Bewegung des Mischbehälters zu unterstützen.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung ist ein solches Förderwerkzeug ein mit seiner Welle den Boden des Mischkopfes durchgreifendes bodenräumendes, mit geringer Drehzahl angetriebenes Werkzeug, umfassend zumindest eine bodenräumende Schaufel. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass die Bewegungsbahn der zumindest einen Schaufel des Förderwerkzeuges in Bezug auf die den Boden des Mischkopfes ebenfalls durchgreifende Welle des zumindest einen Mischwerkzeuges in einem größeren radialen Abstand zur Welle des Förderwerkzeuges angeordnet ist als die Welle des Mischwerkzeuges. Somit wird bei dieser Ausgestaltung die Schaufel in radialer Richtung in Bezug auf die Welle des Förderwerkzeuges an der Außenseite der jeweiligen Welle bzw. des oder der Werkzeuge des Mischwerkzeuges vorbeigeführt. Das Förderwerkzeug ist bodenräumend konzipiert, damit sich auf dem Boden des Mischbehälters in der Mischstellung der Mischmaschine kein Bodensatz ansammelt, der einer weiteren Durchmischung nicht zugeführt wird.Optionally, the pivoting of the mixing head can be used to assist the mixing process by a tumbling or parallel movement of the mixing vessel.
According to one embodiment, such a delivery tool is a soil-clearing, low-speed driven tool with its shaft passing through the bottom of the mixing head, comprising at least one bottom-clearing blade. In this embodiment, it is provided that the movement path of the at least one blade of the conveying tool with respect to the bottom of the mixing head also cross-shaft of the at least one mixing tool at a greater radial distance from the shaft of the conveying tool is arranged as the shaft of the mixing tool. Thus, in this embodiment, the blade is guided in the radial direction with respect to the shaft of the conveying tool on the outside of the respective shaft or of the or the tools of the mixing tool. The delivery tool is designed to clear the ground, so that no sediment accumulates on the bottom of the mixing container in the mixing position of the mixing machine, which is not supplied to further mixing.
Da durch das Förderwerkzeug keine oder allenfalls nur eine geringe Energie in den als Förderstrom dienenden Primärmischgutstrom eingebracht wird, ist nicht zu befürchten, dass an diesen Werkzeugen Mischgutpartikel anbacken. Daher ist auch ein Reinigen dieser Mischmaschine, insbesondere seiner Förderwerkzeuge problemlos und infolge dessen rascher durchzuführen.Because by the delivery tool no or at most only a small amount of energy is introduced into serving as a flow Primaryischgutstrom, is not to be feared that caked on these tools Mischgutpartikel. Therefore, a cleaning of this mixing machine, in particular its delivery tools easily and as a result is faster to perform.
Ein als Bodenräumer konzipiertes Förderwerkzeug verfügt gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel über zumindest einen wendelsegmentartig konzipierten Förderarm, der in radialer Richtung bezogen auf die Welle des Werkzeuges außenseitig an dem oder den Mischwerkzeugen vorbeiführbar angeordnet ist. Zum Ergreifen von auf dem Boden des Behälterteils des Mischkopfes befindlichem Mischgut, welches im Bereich des Wellendurchgriffs des oder der Mischwerkzeuge angeordnet ist, verfügt die zumindest eine Schaufel des Förderwerkzeuges vorzugsweise über eine in radialer Richtung nach innen weisende Ausnehmung, während die Schaufel selbst sich bis in den Bereich der Nähe der Welle des Förderwerkzeuges erstreckt. Die Ausnehmung dient zum Vorbeibewegen des Förderarmes an dem oder den Mischwerkzeugen. Die wendelsegmentartig konzipierten Förderarme erstrecken sich ausgehend von der Schaufel bis in eine Höhe oberhalb des oberen Abschlusses der Mischwerkzeuge. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, dass eine Mischgutmaterialumverteilung in hinreichendem Maße erfolgt.A designed as Bodenräumer conveyor tool has according to an embodiment of at least one helical segment-like designed conveying arm, which is arranged in the radial direction with respect to the shaft of the tool on the outside of the or the mixing tools vorbeiführbar. For gripping mixing material located on the bottom of the container part of the mixing head, which is arranged in the region of the shaft passage of the mixing tool or tools, the at least one blade of the conveying tool preferably has a recess pointing inwards in the radial direction, while the blade itself extends into the extends the region near the shaft of the conveying tool. The recess serves to move the conveying arm past the mixing tool or tools. The helical segment-like designed conveyor arms extend from the blade to a height above the upper end of the mixing tools. This ensures that a Mischgutmaterialumverteilung done to a sufficient extent.
Bei im Durchmesser kleiner dimensionierten Mischköpfen wird man die Welle des oder der Mischwerkzeuge zur Welle des Förderwerkzeuges typischerweise geneigt anordnen.For mixing heads of smaller diameter, the shaft of the mixing tool (s) will typically be inclined to the shaft of the conveying tool.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Figuren. Es zeigen:
- Fig.1:
- eine schematisierte perspektivische Ansicht einer Mischmaschine mit einem an den Mischkopf derselben angeschlossenen, ein Mischgut enthaltenden Behältnis in Mischstellung,
- Fig. 2:
- eine perspektivische zum Teil geschnittene Einsicht in den Mischkopf der Mischmaschine der
Figur 1 , - Fig. 3:
- eine Draufsicht auf den
Mischkopf der Figur 2 , - Fig. 4:
- eine perspektivische Einsicht in einen Mischkopf gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer Mischmaschine entsprechend derjenigen der
Figur 1 und - Fig. 5:
- eine Schnittdarstellung durch den
Mischkopf der Figur 4 .
- Fig.1:
- a schematic perspective view of a mixing machine with a connected to the mixing head thereof, a mixture containing container in the mixing position,
- Fig. 2:
- a perspective partially cut insight into the mixing head of the mixing machine of
FIG. 1 . - 3:
- a plan view of the mixing head of
FIG. 2 . - 4:
- a perspective view into a mixing head according to another embodiment of a mixing machine corresponding to that of
FIG. 1 and - Fig. 5:
- a sectional view through the mixing head of
FIG. 4 ,
Eine Mischmaschine 1 für industrielle Zwecke verfügt über ein Gestell 2, an dem schwenkbar ein Mischkopf 3 gelagert ist. Die Schwenkachse des Mischkopfes 3 ist mit dem Bezugszeichen S in
Der Mischkopf 3 des dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels verfügt über zwei Werkzeuge, die bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen jeweils durch einen Elektromotor angetrieben sind. Ein erster Elektromotor 6 dient zum Antreiben eines Förderwerkzeuges; ein zweiter Elektromotor 7 dient zum Antreiben eines Mischwerkzeuges.The mixing
Das von dem Elektromotor 6 angetriebene Werkzeug W1 ist als Förderwerkzeug konzipiert und durchgreift mit seiner Welle 14 den Boden 9 des Behälterteils 8 in seinem Zentrum. Die Welle 14 des Werkzeuges W1 verläuft somit entlang der Längsachse des Mischbehälters und damit parallel zu dem zylindrischen Wandabschnitt 10, der die Welle 14 konzentrisch einfasst. Das Förderwerkzeug W1 der Mischmaschine 1 umfasst bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zwei Förderarme 15, 15.1. Im Folgenden ist der Förderarm 15 beschrieben. Der Förderarm 15.1 ist identisch aufgebaut. Beide Förderarme 15, 15.1 sind mit einem Winkelabstand von jeweils 180° zueinander angeordnet. Der Förderarm 15 ist wendelsegmentartig konzipiert und verfügt über einen gekrümmten Wendelabschnitt 16. Das Wendelsegment 16 trägt an seinem unteren bodenseitigen Ende eine Schaufel 17. Zwischen der Unterkante der Schaufel 17 und der Oberseite des Bodens 9 verbleibt ein geringer Bewegungsspalt. Gehalten ist das Wendelsegment 16 an einem Stab 18, der wiederum an die Welle 14 angeschlossen ist. Der Stab 18 erstreckt sich in radialer Richtung zu der Welle 14. Das Wendelsegment 16 ist insgesamt von seiner Schaufel 17 bis hin zu seinem oberen Abschluss gekrümmt und in Richtung zur Welle 14 hin nach innen geneigt. In
Neben den beiden Förderarmen 15, 15.1 verfügt das Förderwerkzeug W1 bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel über zwei Hilfswerkzeuge 21, 21.1, die unmittelbar oberhalb des Durchgriffs der Welle 14 durch den Boden 9 an die Welle 14 angeschlossen sind. Die Hilfswerkzeuge 21, 21.1 sind als einzelne Flügel konzipiert, die in Drehrichtung des Werkzeuges W1 angestellt. Die Hilfswerkzeuge 21, 21.1 dienen dem Zweck, den durch die Förderarme 15, 15.1 generierten Mischgutstrom von der Welle 14 in radialer Richtung nach außen zu leiten. Das Förderwerkzeug W1 ist durch den Elektromotor 6 und ein zwischengeschaltetes Getriebe 22 langsam drehend bei einem Betrieb der Mischmaschine 1 angetrieben. Die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Förderwerkzeuges W1 ist dergestalt eingestellt, dass das Mischgut durch den niedrigenergetischen Primärmischgutstrom gefördert wird. Dieser bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als umwälzender Förderstrom vorgesehene Primärmischgutstrom dient zum Zuführen des Mischgutes an ein im Folgenden beschriebenes Mischwerkzeug W2.In addition to the two conveying
Der Mischkopf 3 verfügt des Weiteren über ein Mischwerkzeug W2, welches durch den Elektromotor 7 angetrieben ist. Die Welle 23 des Werkzeuges W2 ist zur Drehachse der Welle 14 geneigt. Diese Anordnung ist bei der in den Figuren gezeigten Mischmaschine 1 gewählt worden, damit die Mischflügel des Werkzeuges W2 in ausreichendem Abstand zur Innenseite des Wandabschnittes 10 sowie zur Bewegungsspur der Förderarme 15, 15.1 angeordnet sind. Um Mischgutmaterial aus dem Bereich des Durchgriffes der Welle 23 durch den Boden 9 ergreifen zu können, dient die Ausnehmung 19 der Wendelsegmente 16, 16.1 der beiden Förderarme 15, 15.1. Das Mischwerkzeug W2 ist als Dispergierwerkzeug konzipiert. Seine Mischflügel sind bei einem Betrieb der Mischmaschine 1 mit einer entsprechenden Drehzahl angetrieben, die der Drehzahl der Förderwerkzeuge W1 um ein Vielfaches übersteigt.The mixing
Betrieben wird die Mischmaschine 1 bzw. ihr Mischkopf 3 zum Mischen eines in dem Mischgutcontainer 5 enthaltenen Mischgutes in der in
Mit dem Förderwerkzeug W1 wird aufgrund der geringen Drehzahl ein niedrig energetischer Primärmischgutstrom erzeugt, bei dem das Mischgut bzw. die an dem diesem Mischgutstrom beteiligten Partikel mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa 1-5 m/sec bewegt werden. Die zu erzielende Fördergeschwindigkeit ist abhängig von dem zu mischenden Material. Die Materialförderung durch das Förderwerkzeug W1 erfolgt somit konzentrisch um die Welle 14.Due to the low rotational speed, a low-energy primary mixed material flow is generated with the conveying tool W 1 , in which the mixed material or the particles participating in the mixed material flow are moved at a speed of about 1-5 m / sec. The conveyor speed to be achieved depends on the material to be mixed. The material delivery by the conveying tool W 1 thus takes place concentrically around the
Das Förderwerkzeug W1 dient nicht nur zur Umverteilung, sondern maßgeblich zum Zuführen des Mischgutes an das für den eigentlichen Mischvorgang verantwortliche Mischwerkzeug W2. Dieses mit höherer Drehzahl angetriebene Werkzeug W2 generiert einen quer zu dem Primärmischgutstrom arbeitenden Sekundärmischgutstrom, in dem bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Mischgutpartikel mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 30-40 m/sec gefördert werden. Damit erfolgt der eigentliche Mischvorgang des Mischgutes durch das zum Dispergieren eingesetzte Werkzeug W2.The conveying tool W 1 serves not only for redistribution, but also for supplying the mixed material to the mixing tool W 2 responsible for the actual mixing process. This tool W 2 , which is driven at a higher speed, generates a secondary mixed material flow which operates transversely to the primary mixed material flow, in which, in the illustrated embodiment, the mixed material particles are conveyed at a speed of 30-40 m / sec. Thus, the actual mixing process of the mixed material is carried out by the tool used for dispersing W 2 .
Im Zuge des Primärmischgutstromes werden die Mischgutpartikel dem Werkzeug W2 zugeführt, von diesem erfasst und in den Sekundärmischgutstrom eingebunden und durch nachgeschobenes Mischgut aus dem Sekundärmischgutstrom nach einer gewissen Verweildauer herausgeschoben, um über den Primärmischgutstrom nach entsprechendem Transport erneut dem Mischwerkzeug W2 zugeführt zu werden. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich, bis das gewünschte Mischergebnis erreicht ist.In the course of the primary mixed flow, the mixed material particles are supplied to the tool W 2 , detected by this and incorporated into the Sekundärhmischgutstrom and pushed out by nachgeschobenes mix from the Sekundärhmischgutstrom after a certain residence time to be re-supplied to the mixing tool W 2 on the primary mixed flow after appropriate transport. This process is repeated until the desired mixing result is achieved.
Die Beschreibung der beiden Mischgutströme - Primärmischgutstrom und quer dazu angeordneter Sekundärmischgutstrom - machen deutlich, dass das gesamte oder im wesentlichen das gesamte in dem Mischbehälter befindliche Mischgut Teil des Primärmischgutstromes ist, und dass nur ein Bruchteil des in dem Mischbehälter enthaltenen Mischgutes Teil des Sekundärmischgutstromes ist. Somit erfolgt bei der Mischmaschine 1 eine Trennung zwischen einem vornehmlich als Transport- bzw. Fördermischgutstrom zum Fördern des Mischgutes an das eigentliche Mischwerkzeug und einem Sekundärmischgutstrom, der der eigentliche, für den Mischvorgang maßgeblich verantwortliche Mischgutstrom ist.The description of the two Mischgutströme - Primärischgutstrom and arranged transversely arranged Sekundärischgutstrom - make it clear that all or substantially all of the mixing material in the mixing container is part of the Primärärmischgutstromes, and that only a fraction of the mixed material contained in the mixing container is part of the Sekundärhmischgutstromes. Thus, in the mixing
Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel verfügt das Förderwerkzeug W1 über zwei Wendelsegmente 16, 16.1 mit jeweils einer Schaufel 17 bzw. 17.1 im bodennahen Bereich. Eine Zufuhr von Mischgut an das Mischwerkzeug W2 erfolgt bei konstanter Drehgeschwindigkeit des Förderwerkzeuges W1 mit unterschiedlicher Intensität, wobei diese Mischgutzufuhrbewegung am größten ist, wenn ein Wendelsegment 16 oder 16.1 einen gewissen Mindestabstand zu den Werkzeugen des Mischwerkzeuges W2 unterschritten hat und dieses außenseitig passiert. Eine solche Mischgutzufuhr kann im weitesten Sinne als gepumpte Materialzufuhr angesprochen werden.In the illustrated embodiment, the conveying tool W 1 has two
Bei dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel werden die Mischgutpartikel in dem sekundären Mischgutstrom etwa 8-10 mal schneller bewegt als in dem primären Mischgutstrom.In the described embodiment, the Mischgutpartikel be moved in the secondary Mischgutstrom about 8-10 times faster than in the primary Mischgutstrom.
In Abhängigkeit von dem zu mischenden Gut und/oder dem zu erzielenden Mischergebnis wird entweder das Mischwerkzeug W2' oder das Mischwerkzeug W2" oder beide Mischwerkzeuge W2', W2" zum Erzeugen jeweils eines Sekundärmischgutstromes betrieben. Somit kann der Mischkopf 24 zum Mischen unterschiedlichster Stoffe verwendet werden, und zwar ohne Werkzeugwechsel.Depending on the material to be mixed and / or the mixing result to be achieved, either the mixing tool W 2 'or the mixing tool W 2 "or both mixing tools W 2 ', W 2 " are operated to produce a respective secondary mixed material flow. Thus, the mixing
Um eine Bedienung des Mischkopfes 24 für einen Benutzer zu erleichtern, kann vorgesehen sein, eine Ansteuerung der Mischwerkzeuge W2' und W2" sowie des Förderwerkzeuges W1' hinsichtlich ihrer Drehzahl in Abhängigkeit von dem zu mischenden Gut und dem gewünschten Mischergebnis zu koppeln. Auf einem Bedienpanel können als Einstellvariablen neben einer individuellen Ansteuerung der Werkzeuge W1', W2' und W2" die Steuergrößen "Dispergierung" und "Homogenisierung" einstellbar sein. Wird eine höhere Dispergierung des Mischgutes gewünscht, wird dieses in aller Regel eine Erhöhung der Drehgeschwindigkeit des Mischwerkzeuges W2' zur Folge haben, was unter Umständen mit einer Reduzierung der Drehgeschwindigkeit des anderen Mischwerkzeuges W2" verbunden sein kann. Entsprechendes gilt für eine unter Umständen gewünschte höhere oder geringere Homogenisierung während des Mischvorganges. Gleichermaßen kann die Drehgeschwindigkeit des Förderwerkzeuges W1' in Optimierung des Betriebes der Werkzeuge des Mischkopfes 24 zum Erreichen eines gewünschten Mischergebnis eingebunden werden.To facilitate operation of the mixing
Die Schnittdarstellung der
Mit dem Mischkopf 24 ist es möglich, in ein und demselben Mischprozess unterschiedliche Mischprozesse und auch unterschiedliche Mischprozessstadien zu realisieren. Somit kann mit dem Mischkopf 24 in einem ersten Mischstadium vornehmlich das Dispergierwerkzeug W2' als Mischwerkzeug benutzt werden, um eine Dispergierung und eine damit verbundene Zerkleinerung zu erzielen. In einem sich daran anschließenden Mischstadium wird die Drehzahl des Dispergierwerkzeuges W2' abgesenkt oder dieses Werkzeug W2' gänzlich ausgeschaltet und es schließt sich eine Phase der Homogenisierung an, in der entweder alleinig oder vornehmlich das Homogenisierwerkzeug W2" als Mischwerkzeug betrieben wird. Sind in einem Mischkopf weitere Mischwerkzeuge enthalten, können weitere Mischteilschritte gefahren werden.With the mixing
Durch das Konzept der Erzeugung von mehreren Mischgutströmen und dem dadurch verringerten Energieeintrag kann, für den Fall, dass als Mischwerkzeug ein Dispergierwerkzeug vorhanden ist, die Partikelgröße in dem gemischten Gut mit einem relativ engen Korngrößenspektrum eingestellt werden. Dies liegt vornehmlich darin begründet, dass das Dispergierwerkzeug nicht in Folge einer zunehmenden Erwärmung, wie dieses bei herkömmlichen Mischmaschinen der Fall ist, vorzeitig abgeschaltet werden muss.By virtue of the concept of producing a plurality of mixed material streams and the resulting reduced energy input, in the case where a dispersing tool is present as a mixing tool, the particle size in the mixed product having a relatively narrow particle size spectrum can be set. This is primarily due to the fact that the dispersing tool does not have to be switched off prematurely as a result of increasing heating, as is the case in conventional mixing machines.
Wenn gewünscht, kann die schwenkbare Ausgestaltung der Mischköpfe 3, 24 genutzt werden, um diesen samt Mischgutcontainer 5 in eine taumelnde oder parallele Bewegung zu versetzen. Hierdurch kann der Mischprozess unterstützt werden.If desired, the pivotable configuration of the mixing heads 3, 24 can be used to put this together with
In Folge der vorbeschriebenen Mehrstromkonzeption - Primärmischgutstrom und zumindest ein quer dazu angeordneter Sekundärmischgutstrom - kann ein Mischprozess auch mit einem geringeren Befüllungsgrad des Mischbehälters erfolgen. Während bei herkömmlichen Containermischern eine Befüllung von mindestens 60 % gegeben sein musste, um einen für den Mischvorgang notwendigen Mischthrombus auszubilden, können mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren und der beschriebenen Mischmaschine zufriedenstellende Mischergebnisse auch mit Mischbehältern erreicht werden, die nur zu 40 % mit Mischgut befüllt sind.As a result of the above-described multi-stream conception - primary mixed stream and at least one secondary mixed material stream arranged transversely thereto - a mixing process can also take place with a lower degree of filling of the mixing container. While in conventional container mixers a filling of at least 60% had to be given in order to form a mixing thrombus necessary for the mixing process, with the described method and the described mixing machine satisfactory mixing results can be achieved even with mixing containers, which are only filled to 40% with mix.
- 11
- Mischmaschinemixer
- 22
- Gestellframe
- 33
- Mischkopfmixing head
- 44
- Antriebdrive
- 55
- MischgutcontainerMischgutcontainer
- 66
- Elektromotorelectric motor
- 77
- Elektromotorelectric motor
- 88th
- Behälterteilcontainer part
- 99
- Bodenground
- 1010
- Wandabschnittwall section
- 1111
- Gehäusecasing
- 1212
- Kupplungsflanschcoupling flange
- 1414
- Wellewave
- 15, 15.115, 15.1
- Förderarmconveying arm
- 16, 16.116, 16.1
- WendelsegmentWendel segment
- 1717
- Schaufelshovel
- 18, 18.118, 18.1
- StabRod
- 1919
- Ausnehmungrecess
- 2020
- Abschlussgraduation
- 21, 21.121, 21.1
- Hilfswerkzeugauxiliary tool
- 2222
- Getriebetransmission
- 2323
- Wellewave
- 2424
- Mischkopfmixing head
- 2525
- Elektromotorelectric motor
- KK
- Keilwedge
- W1, W1'W 1 , W 1 '
- Förderwerkzeugconveying tool
- W2, W2', W2"W 2 , W 2 ', W 2 "
- Mischwerkzeugmixing tool
Claims (10)
- Method for mixing powder and/or granular materials with a mixing machine (1), comprising a mixing head (3, 24), equipped with one or more elements (12) for connecting this to a container (5) containing a mixing material, in order to form a closed mixing container containing the mixing material, said mixing head (3, 24) being mounted such as to pivot in relation to a frame (2) in such a way that the mixing container formed from the mixing head (3, 24) and container (5) can be pivoted in order to carry out the mixing process, as well as comprising a device for producing a mixing material flow, and at least one mixing tool (W2, W2') engaging into the mixing material flow, driven so as to rotate at a high revolution speed, wherein the container (5) is connected to the mixing head (3, 24) and the mixing container is then pivoted by 180º into a mixing position, in which the mixing head (3, 24) is located in the lowest position, and, by means of the mixing material flow producing device, a low-energy primary mixing material flow is produced as the conveying flow for delivering the mixing material contained in the mixing tank to the at least one mixing tool (W2, W2'), by which mixing tool (W2, W2') a secondary mixing material flow is produced, comprising only a fraction of the mixing material present in the mixing container but nevertheless responsible for the actual mixing process, as a cross-flow to the primary mixing material flow serving as the conveying flow, wherein the primary mixing material flow is produced by at least one conveying tool (W1, W1') arranged in the mixing container, rotating and driven at a low revolution speed, clearing the floor of the container, and wherein the conveying tool (W1, W1') comprises a plurality of conveying arms (15, 15.1), designed as helicoidal segments and arranged at the same angular distance to one another, and which, in the radial direction related to the shaft (14) of the conveying tool (W1, W1'), are moved on the outside past the at least one mixing tool (W2, W2').
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the pivoting capacity of the mixing head (3,24) is used in order to support the mixing process by way of a tumbling or parallel movement of the mixing container.
- Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the primary mixing material flow is conveyed concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the mixing container.
- Mixing machine, comprising a mixing head (3, 24), equipped with one or more elements (12) for connecting this to a container (5) containing a mixing material, in order to form a closed mixing container containing the mixing material, said mixing head (3, 24) being mounted such as to pivot in relation to a frame (2) in such a way that the mixing container formed from the mixing head (3, 24) and container (5) can be pivoted in order to carry out the mixing process, as well as comprising a device for producing a mixing material flow, and at least one mixing tool engaging into the mixing material flow, driven so as to rotate, wherein, after the connection of the container (5) to the mixing head (3, 24), the mixing container can be pivoted by 180º into a mixing position, in which the mixing head (3, 24) is located in the lowest position, wherein the mixing material flow producing device is configured such as to produce a low-energy primary mixing material flow as a conveying flow for delivering the mixing material contained in the mixing container to the at least one mixing tool (W2, W2') arranged in the mixing head (3, 24), engaging into the primary mixing material flow produced by the mixing flow producing device, the at least one mixing tool (W2, W2') is provided for producing a secondary mixing material flow, comprising only a fraction of the mixing material contained in the mixing container, as a cross-flow to the primary mixing material flow, wherein, as the mixing material flow producing device, a conveying tool (W1, W1') is provided, driven such as to rotate at low speed, clearing the floor of the container, in order to convey a mixing material volume concentrically to the axis of rotation of the conveying tool (W1, W1'), said tool (W1, W1') being provided with at least one blade (17, 17.1), whereby the at least one mixing tool (W2, W2'), driven at higher revolution speed, is arranged between the movement path of the blades (17, 17.1) of the conveying tool (W1, W1') and the shaft (14) of the conveying tool (W1, W1'), and wherein the conveying tool (W1, W1') comprises a plurality of conveying arms (15, 15.1), designed as helicoidal segments and arranged at the same angular distance to one another, and which, in the radial direction related to the shaft (14) of the conveying tool (W1, W1'), are moved on the outside past the at least one mixing tool (W2, W2').
- Mixing machine according to claim 4, characterised in that the conveying arm (15, 15.1) comprises a cut-out opening (19) above its blade (17, 17.1), pointing inwards in a radial direction, and, beneath the cut-out opening, the blade (17, 17.1) exhibits with its termination pointing towards the base (9) of the mixing head (3, 24) a radial distance interval from the shaft (14) of the conveying tool (W1, W1'), which, allowing for a certain amount of play, is greater than the distance interval of the shaft (23) of the mixing tool (W2, W2') from the shaft (14).
- Mixing machine according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterised in that at least one auxiliary tool (21, 21.1) is allocated to the conveying tool (W1, W1'), connected to its shaft (14), the radial extension of which is smaller than the distance interval of the shaft (23) of the mixing tool (W2, W2') from the shaft (14) of the conveying tool (W1, W1').
- Mixing machine according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the mixing tool (W2, W2') is a dispersion tool or homogenization tool (W2").
- Mixing machine according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the longitudinal axis of the shaft (23) of the mixing tool (W2, W2', W2") is inclined in relation to the shaft (14) of the conveying tool (W1, W1').
- Mixing machine according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the mixing machine comprises at least two mixing tools (W2', W2"), one of which is a dispersion tool (W2') and a further one is a homogenization tool (W2").
- Mixing machine according to claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the homogenization tool (W2") is configured in the form of a worm element.
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EP10154240A EP2226117A3 (en) | 2009-03-04 | 2010-02-22 | Method for mixing powder or granular materials and mixing machine |
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-
2010
- 2010-02-22 EP EP12157516.1A patent/EP2460581B1/en active Active
- 2010-02-22 ES ES12157516.1T patent/ES2642667T3/en active Active
- 2010-02-22 PT PT121575161T patent/PT2460581T/en unknown
- 2010-02-22 EP EP10154240A patent/EP2226117A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-02-26 CN CN201010122207.8A patent/CN101822955B/en active Active
- 2010-03-04 US US12/717,166 patent/US8678639B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
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US8678639B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
PT2460581T (en) | 2017-10-19 |
US20100226200A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
DE202009001937U1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
CN101822955A (en) | 2010-09-08 |
CN101822955B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
EP2226117A2 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
ES2642667T3 (en) | 2017-11-17 |
EP2226117A3 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
EP2460581A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
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