EP2459364A1

EP2459364A1 - Press having a direct-driven crank drive

Info

Publication number: EP2459364A1
Application number: EP10740539A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Matthias Graff
Original assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Current assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority date: 2009-07-29
Filing date: 2010-07-27
Publication date: 2012-06-06
Also published as: CN102712156A; DE102009035215A1; US20120180675A1; JP2013500164A; WO2011012289A1; BR112012002025A2; RU2012107470A

Abstract

The invention relates to a press (21) having at least one press frame (9), a table mounted therein and a tappet (5) driven by at least one crank drive (12) for incorporating work tools (15) or for producing work pieces by at least one production method in a tool (15), wherein a tool upper part (6) is arranged on the tappet (5) and a tool lower part (7) is arranged on the press table (8), wherein at least one crank shaft (1) having at least one crank pin (2) and at least one connecting rod (3) is arranged as a crank drive (12) and wherein at least one direct drive, directly driving the crank shaft (1), is arranged as a motor (14) for the crank shaft (1) drive, wherein the motor (14) is arranged substantially adjacent to a crank pin (2) on the crank shaft (1).

Description

Press with a directly driven crank mechanism

The invention relates to a press with a directly driven crank mechanism according to the preamble of claim 1.

Manufacturing machines with a reversing ram usually have a motor drive and a crank mechanism, the

Rotational movement of the drive in a linear and reversing

Movement transforms. Usually, such manufacturing equipment is used as presses for forming or cutting workpieces. In particular, the automotive industry required press lines, consisting of several successively arranged presses and associated

Transport system, for example, from simple supplied coils (flat roll metal tape) complicated geometries, such as fenders,

Vehicle doors, catalyst cases and much more to manufacture.

In particular, high-speed presses are designed as mechanical presses as shown above.

In the prior art, many different terminologies have become common, so that in the course of some terms used and explained their best-known synonyms are presented without claim to completeness. A crank mechanism, according to the invention is a drive which can transform a rotational movement (from a motor) into a linear movement and finds in the literature as an eccentric drive or

Thrust crank drive or the like precipitated. As stated above, the main task of the crank mechanism is to convert a rotational movement into a translational movement, using an eccentric or, as will be the case, a crankshaft. On the crankshaft there is an eccentric bearing, which is mounted outside the axis of rotation of the crankshaft, or in the further crankpin, on which a thrust linkage, referred to as the connecting rod, is usually arranged.

The power flow of the drive can from the smallest possible denominator of the crank mechanism, a crankshaft and a crank pin, to a plunger over several stations such as cranks, joint drives, u. a. or just a connecting rod.

Next is the term press frame for the supporting frame of the press. For the purposes of the invention all press frames are included in their possible embodiments thereof, such as built press frame of several items (top crosshead and bottom, side stand) as well as press frame in window frame construction.

Direct drives and servo presses are characterized by the fact that through the use of, preferably DC motors, via a

Press stroke (OT - UT - OT) to set different speed gradients. Even a pendulum lifting operation is possible without one Perpetual danger of overloading of complex gears, if they exist.

From DE 28 40 710 a drive system for a forming machine has become known that shows a direct drive for a drive system of a press. The shaft output of the direct drive is still translated via a gear before the driving force on the shaft on a

Crankshaft and finally can be transferred to a crank pin.

From DE 102 60 127 A1 also a direct drive has become known, which is flanged on the outside on a shaft and emits its driving force without the aid of a transmission gear directly to the crankshaft.

All these disclosures show a serious disadvantage that the engine outside the supporting structures of the press respectively the

Press head is arranged. The engine is usually for a clutch or by directly attaching to the main drive shaft

(Flange, clamping set or splined shaft) connected to this. The object of the invention is to provide a press in which the drive-side forces of the direct drive with much less

Load for the crankshaft output side can be forwarded and at the same time the total rigidity of the drive train is significantly increased.

At the same time the necessary space of the press with a

Direct drive significantly optimized and reduced and it can be simple measures for noise reduction of the drive train by encapsulation of the engine installed essentially adjacent to the crank mechanism realize.

The solution of the problem for a press according to the invention can be found in the characterizing part of claim 1.

With the construction according to the invention, the following advantages result: The press can be designed with a short overall length, which is particularly advantageous for servo presses in press lines for the production of large body parts. To keep the transport distances between the presses as short as possible, the presses must be close together. The shorter the distance, the faster the transfer times. Large presses are usually with four pressure points (connecting rod or

Articulated gear connections) carried out on the plunger. The distances transversely and longitudinally between the pressure points or the connecting rods, can not be chosen arbitrarily, but must be selected according to aspects with regard to the reduction of the ram deflection. Thus, for example, in the direction of passage (= axial direction of the main drive shaft) give the press a connecting rod distance of 1,800 mm. The length of the press head in the direction of passage is thus determined by the

Pleuelstangenabstand and the necessary structure of the main bearings and support structures determined.

Next results in the advantageous arrangement of the direct drive, in particular within the necessary support structures of the press a much stiffer drive system and, concomitantly, a reduction of the crankshaft torsion. If the crankshaft is driven as the main drive shaft from the outside, the torsion of the crankshaft adversely affects the entire drive system. The longer the distance between the engine and the crank pin or eccentric eye, the softer it gets

Drive system and it comes to control vibrations, since the crankshaft acts like a torsion spring. In particular, serious control and regulation difficulties arise in the case of a pendulum stroke. The willingness to vibrate the entire drive system with corresponding problems for the support structures and the press frame are problematic and design-intensive in the construction of a press. For a one-sided drive with two connecting rods respectively two

Crankpin on a shaft, there is also an angular misalignment, whereby the connecting rods assume different stroke positions.

The advantages of the invention also show an improved control and regulation quality of the system in this context. Due to the high rigidity of the drive system and the exact adjustable torque and angular position control of the engine, there are no measurable deviation between two crankpins and thus at the connecting rods to a crankshaft. The process data can additionally be recorded immediately. The press points through the

Direct drive no additional mechanical transmission links (e.g., gear stages). The parameters measured on the motor, such as speed, torque and angular position, can be converted without errors into ram speed, pressing force and ram position. Falsifications due to frictional losses or torsion, backlash etc. are excellently eliminated.

Permanent magnet motors, especially at a high drive power, have a fairly high noise level. By installing in the

Press head, can by relatively simple measures, the

Noise emissions are easily reduced, e.g. by closing the press head at the top and bottom.

Also, the overall efficiency of the press improves significantly, as much less unused forces by the twist or the

Torque absorption in the bearings occur in a flying bearing of the engine. In a particular embodiment, the stator of the direct drive can be supported in the press head and / or provided with a corresponding torque support. Compared with a conventional direct drive, the engine thus has no own storage and the bearing of the rotor within the stator is determined by the

Main bearing of the crankshaft with taken over. As a result, no additional losses are incurred.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, particularly in large tonnage high tonnage presses, the direct drive is placed on the supporting part of the crankshaft, i. it is located between the pressing force receiving main bearings of the mechanical drive. Preferably, the motor is then also between the main carrying

Support structures (at least two press frames of the press) and

concentric with the main drive shaft (crankshaft). The connecting rods or, in the case of joint drives, the pivoting levers leading to the connecting rod can either be located on the left and right of the engine and thus between the engine and the main bearing (support structure of the press head) or on one side between the engine and one of the main bearings.

Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the following

Description with the drawing out. Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a mechanical press with a

Press frame and a press table, wherein in the upper part of the press, in the head area, the drive system, consisting of two crank gears each having a crankshaft, a crank pin and a connecting rod operatively connected to a plunger,

FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment in side view according to FIG. 1, wherein two connecting rods are also arranged on a tappet, these being driven separately from one another via a crank drive, wherein the crankshaft is replaced by a thru axle and carries an eccentric wheel with a motor arranged directly thereon,

Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the press drive in

Side view of Figure 2, wherein the engine is disposed on a crankshaft between two crankpins,

Figure 4 is a schematic view of a preferred

Reaction compensation of two driven crankshafts with a bearing of the engine on the crankshaft,

Figure 5 is a side view of Figure 4 showing the storage of

Engines on the crankshaft,

Figure 6 shows a further preferred embodiment of the crank mechanism with a joint drive and

Figure 7 shows a possible arrangement of the press according to the invention in one

Press line. According to Figure 1, the press 21 is at least a press frame 9, a table 8 mounted therein and one by means of at least one

Crank drive 12 driven ram 5. Preferably, this press 21 is used for incorporation of tools 15 or for the production of workpieces (not shown) by means of at least one manufacturing method in a tool 15, wherein the tool at least one

Tool upper part 6 on the plunger 5 and a lower tool part 7 on the press table 8 consists. At least one crankshaft 1 with at least one crank pin 2 and at least one connecting rod 3 is arranged as the crank drive 12, with at least one direct drive driving directly the crankshaft 1 being provided as the motor 14 for driving the crankshaft 1. In the crank mechanism 12, also called eccentric drive, instead of the

Connecting rod 3 or between the connecting rod and the crank pin a joint drive or a crank handle or similar intermediate devices may be arranged, usually for lifting height adjustment, from

For safety reasons or to adjust the sine wave of the

Movement course of the plunger are used.

In particular, to drive a toggle lever drive, a joint drive, another crank mechanism or a combination thereof, the crank mechanism 12 is operatively connected thereto, wherein these are in turn arranged operatively connected to the ram 5 on the output side. Preferably, the engine 14 is arranged according to Figure 2 substantially adjacent to a crank pin 2 on the crankshaft 1. Depending on

Embodiment and definition can be a so-called crank disc integrated in or on the engine. In this case, the stator of the engine is preferably designed such that it assumes the function of the crank disk and guides the crank pin outside the center axis of the crankshaft 1.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the rotor 10 of the motor 14 can be arranged on the crankshaft, wherein according to FIG

Thru axis 27 a crank mechanism 12 leads, which is mounted on the axle 27 by means of bearings 29. In this embodiment, preferably rotates only the eccentric 26, which as a one-piece machine element

Crankshaft 2 and the rotor 10 is formed. Already here shows the most extreme minimization of the moving mass for a press 21st

Outgoing from the structure, the two bearings 29 between the thru-axle 27 and the rotatably mounted on the thru-axle 27

Eccentric 26 are also designed as a contiguous main bearing 29. For torque compensation and / or for mounting of the motor 14, a holder 30 is provided, which is connected at the top to the press frame 9. The motor 14 has as a direct drive usually a stator 4 with a drive winding 23 and a rotor 10 disposed therein with permanent magnets 23 and would then be designed as a permanent magnet motor. According to FIG. 3, at least one engine 14 is arranged between the crankpins 2 on at least two crankpins 2 on a crankshaft 1.

In particular, a symmetrical arrangement is preferable in a plurality of motors or crankpins. It can thus be provided that, in the case of several motors 14 and a plurality of crankpins 2, at least two motors 14 are symmetrical to one of the central axes of the

Press frame and / or one of the central axes of the plunger 5 and / or to the longitudinal center of the crankshaft 1 and / or arrangement of the crank pin 2 on the crankshaft 1 are arranged. It would also be advantageous if the rotor 10 of the motor 14 and the crankshaft 1 and / or the crank pin 2 consist of a one-piece machine element. Also, in the crank mechanism 12, a height adjustment for the stroke of the plunger 5 may be arranged. An overload protection 11 preserves the press

Incidents of major damage and decoupled in the event of damage

Connecting rods 3 from the ram 5.

Preferably, the stator 4 of the motor 14 is arranged with a holder 30 for receiving the reaction torques substantially within the press frame 9 and / or the head region above the up and down plunger 5. Alternatively, the stator 4 of the engine 14 may be arranged to the crankshaft 1 and / or the rotor 10 without a bearing. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the stator 4 is guided coaxially to the crankshaft 1 and / or the rotor via the bearings of the crankshaft. In this case, the stator 4 of a motor 14 may be arranged on a bearing 31 on the rotor 10 and to compensate for the torques occurring on the stator 4 a

Torque support 32 with connection to the press frame 9 make sense. In particular, according to Figure 4 shows that at two

arranged crankshafts 1 each stator 4 of a motor 14 is disposed on a bearing 31 on the rotor 10 and to compensate for the torques occurring at the stators 4 a torque arm 32 with connection to the engine 14 on the adjacent crankshaft first

arranged a mutual support of the torques allows. This has particular advantages with respect to the vibration transmission to the press frame 9.

As shown, the motor 14 and the crank mechanism 12 may be disposed within a support structure formed by the press frame 9, wherein in particular press force of over 200 tons, preferably over 500 tons, more preferably over 800 tons can be effected in such press frame. In particular, in such presses, the stroke of the plunger 5 of over 300 m, preferably over 600 mm, more preferably of over 900 mm possible. Preference is given to the press 21 for a manufacturing process, at least the primary forming, the separation, the joining, the coating and / or the forming, in particular the

Metal forming, includes, uses. FIG. 6 shows, instead of a crank mechanism 12, which has a joint drive 33 instead of the connecting rods 3. FIG. 7 shows the use of the press 21 as the head press 18 of a press line 17, as an incorporation press for tools 15

Pressing line 17 and / or as at least one transfer press 16 in a transfer press line 17 and / or as a pre-press 19 in the production direction 20 before a transfer press line 17th

Preferably, the bearings 24 of the crankshaft 1 in from the

Press frame 9 removable bearing plates arranged so that an opening can be opened with a mounting diameter in the press frame, the diameter preferably preferably equal to or greater than the diameter of the rotor on the shaft or the largest

Diameter on the shaft corresponds. It can be helpful during assembly that a crankshaft 1 divided at least once in the longitudinal axis is arranged in the press, which has, for example, a flange connection, removable bearing journals or a shaft / hub connection.

Particularly preferably, the rotor 10 is arranged undetachably on the crankshaft 1. For this purpose, for the connection of the rotor 12 with the crankshaft 1, a shrink fit, a welded joint, a solder joint, a Reibschweißverbindung, a bond and / or another inseparable Fϋgeverbindung be used.

A preferred embodiment of the rotor 10 would be grooves and / or

Recesses for receiving the permanent magnet 22, which are used only after the completion of the one-piece machine element.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1. Crankshaft 20 18. Head press

2. crankpin 19. Prepress

5 3. Connecting rod 20. Production direction

4. Stator 21. Press

5. plunger 22. permanent magnet

6. Tool shell 25 23. Drive winding

7. Tool base 24. Bearings in 9

10 8. Table 25. Bearing cover

9. Press frame 26. Eccentric wheel

10. Rotor 27. thru-axle

11. Overload protection 30 28. Mounting opening

12. Crank drive 29. Bearing for 26

15 13. 30. Bracket

14. Engine 31. Engine mounts

15. Tool 32. Torque support

16. Heat press 35 33. Joint drive

17. Transfer press line

Claims

claims

1. Press (21) with at least one press frame (9), a table mounted therein and one by means of at least one crank drive

(12) driven ram (5) for incorporation of tools (15) or for the production of workpieces by means of at least one manufacturing method in a tool (15), wherein a

Tool upper part (6) on the plunger (5) and a lower tool part (7) on the press table (8) is arranged, wherein as a crank mechanism

(12) at least one crankshaft (1) with at least one

Crank pin (2) and at least one connecting rod (3) is arranged, and being arranged as the motor (14) for driving the crankshaft (1) at least one directly the crankshaft (1) driving direct drive, characterized in that the

Engine (14) substantially adjacent to a crank pin (2) on the crankshaft (1) is arranged.

2. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two crank pin (2) on a crankshaft (1) at least one motor (14) between the crank pin (2)

is arranged.

3. Press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor (10) of the motor (14) is arranged on the crankshaft.

4. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at several motors (14) and a plurality of crank pin (2) at least two motors (14) symmetrically to one of the central axes of the press frame and / or one of the central axes of the plunger (5 )and or

to the longitudinal center of the crankshaft (1) and / or arrangement of the crank pin (2) on the crankshaft (1) are arranged.

5. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (10) of the motor (14) and the crankshaft (1) and / or the crank pin (2) consist of a one-piece machine element.

6. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the crank mechanism (12) has a height adjustment for the stroke of the plunger (5) is arranged.

7. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the Crankshaft (12) and the plunger (5) a toggle lever drive and / or a hinge drive is arranged.

8. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for driving a

Knee lever drive, a joint drive, another crank mechanism or a combination thereof, the crank mechanism (12) with these

is arranged operatively connected, which in turn are arranged on the output side with the plunger (5) operatively connected.

9. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a permanent magnet motor is arranged as a motor (14).

10. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (4) of the motor (14) with a holder (30) for receiving the

Reaction torques essentially within the

Press frame (9) and / or the head portion (above the up-and-down plunger 5) is arranged.

11. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 10, characterized in that the stator (4) of the motor (14) is arranged to the crankshaft (1) and / or to the rotor (10) without a bearing.

12. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 10, characterized

in that the stator (4) is arranged coaxially with the crankshaft (1) and / or the rotor is guided over the bearings of the crankshaft.

13. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (4) of a motor (14) on a bearing (31) on the rotor (10) is arranged and for compensating the occurring torques on the stator (4 ) a torque arm (32) with connection to

Press frame (9) is arranged.

14. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at two arranged crankshafts (1) each stator (4) of a motor (14) on a bearing

(31) on the rotor (10) is arranged and to compensate for the torques occurring at the stators (4) a

Torque support (32) with connection to the motor (14) on the adjacent crankshaft (1) is arranged.

15. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor (14) and the crank mechanism (12) within a through the press frame (9) formed support structure is arranged.

16. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a pressing force of over 200 tons, preferably over 500 tons, more preferably from about

800 tons.

17. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a stroke of the plunger (5) of over 300 m, preferably over 600 mm, more preferably of about

900 mm.

18. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of the press (21) for a manufacturing process, the at least the prototyping, the

Separating, joining, coating and / or forming, in particular metal forming comprises.

19. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of the press (21) as a head press (18) or as an incorporation press for tools of a press line and / or at least one transfer press in a transfer press line (17) and / or as a pre-press (19) in the production direction (20) before a transfer press line (17).