DE102009055739B4 - Forming machine, especially servo press - Google Patents

Abstract

Forming machine, in particular for cold or hot forming of metallic workpieces, for example metal sheets, preferably servo press, comprising a) at least one machine table (2) with a tool receiving area (3) for at least one lower forming tool and at least one ram (7) with a tool receiving area (70 ) for at least one upper forming tool, b) wherein the ram (7) is arranged above the machine table (2) and is arranged to be movable against the machine table by means of a drive device, c) the drive device for the ram (7) c1) at least two, preferably four connecting rods (11 to 14) which are directly or indirectly coupled to the tappet (7) in an upper connecting rod bearing (11A to 14A, 61, 62 and 63), c2) at least one about a shaft axis (A, B) rotatable crankshaft, preferably two crankshafts (15, 16) rotatable about a shaft axis (A, B), on which at least one connecting rod (11 to 14), preferably two connecting rods (11 u nd 14, 12 and 13), is coupled in a lower connecting rod bearing (11B to 14B and 31 to 34), andc3) at least one servomotor (21 to 24) for driving the at least one crankshaft (15, 16), d) wherein each crankshaft (15, 16) and the lower connecting rod bearings (11B to 14B and 31 to 34) of the connecting rods (11 to 14) are arranged below the tappet (7) and / or below the tool receiving area (3) of the machine table and the upper connecting rod bearings (11A to 14A, 61, 62 and 63) of the connecting rods (11 to 14) are arranged above the tool mounting area (3) of the machine table (2) and / or above the tool mounting (70) of the ram (7), e ) each crankshaft (15, 16) is supported in or on the machine table (2) below the tool receiving area (3) in two inner bearings (17) and two outer bearings (18), f) the at least one servomotor (21 to 24) below the ram (7) and below the tool receiving area (3) of the machine table dnet, g) wherein the tappet (7) is attached to a movable bracket (9) guided on or in vertical guides (45, 46), which bracket is coupled to the connecting rods in the upper connecting rod bearings, and is attached to the bracket on or can be moved or moved along in the same vertical guides as the console with guide elements (75, 76) of the plunger (7) arranged offset to guide elements (95, 96) of the console, the plunger (7) also being guided on or in vertical guides, h) wherein the console has two side parts (91, 92) and a transverse part (93) connecting the two side parts, wherein the plunger (7) is arranged below the transverse part (93) and between the side parts and is attached to the transverse part and wherein on each side part (91, 92) of the console (9) one or two connecting rods are mounted or coupled in the respective upper connecting rod bearings.

Description

The present invention relates to a forming machine.

DE 10 2004 009 256 B4 describes a drive system of a servo press for the movement of a slide with an eccentric or crank mechanism controllable by a servo motor. The drive system is arranged on a press stand, the movement of the ram preferably taking place via a toggle mechanism. It is also described that the eccentrics are synchronized via a gear branch and that at least one servomotor is position-controlled.

The DE 10 2005 001 878 B3 describes a servo press with a toggle mechanism, which has a servomotor-operated toggle mechanism as the ram drive, which enables both the achievement of high forming forces and the largely optional design of the travel-time curve of the ram. At least one additional drive also acts on the ram in order to achieve the controlled travel through the stroke of the ram beyond the extent that can be achieved in a controlled manner by the toggle drive. The additional drive is preferably position-controlled or regulated and controlled by the control device, which also controls the toggle servo drive.

Due to the high forces occurring during the pressing process, the mechanical components of these known servo presses are heavily loaded, which limits the performance of these servo presses.

The object of the invention is to provide a resilient forming machine, in particular a servo press, with a simplified structure with regard to the forces that occur.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a forming machine having the features of claims 1, 5 and 10. Advantageous refinements and developments of the inventions result from the dependent claims.

According to a first aspect of the invention reflected in claim 1, a forming machine, which is provided in particular for cold or hot forming of metallic workpieces, for example metal sheets, and in particular is a servo press, comprises at least one machine table with a tool receiving area for at least one lower forming tool and at least one ram with a tool receiving area for at least one upper forming tool. The ram is arranged above the machine table and can be moved against or relative to the machine table. To drive the tappet, it is at least indirectly mechanically coupled to at least two connecting rods via upper connecting rod bearings (or: in a power transmission connection). The connecting rods are in turn mounted in lower connecting rod bearings on at least one crankshaft which is rotatable about a shaft axis and which is mechanically coupled to at least one servomotor. At least the crankshaft (s) of such a drive device for the ram is or are arranged below the ram and / or below the tool receiving area of the machine table. Furthermore, the lower connecting rod bearings of the associated connecting rod (s) are arranged on the crankshaft, in particular on an associated eccentric on the crankshaft, below the ram and / or below the tool holder of the machine table, while the upper connecting rod bearings of these connecting rods are arranged above the tool holder of the machine table are arranged. Such an arrangement of the crankshaft (s) means that the connecting rods are only subjected to tensile loading during the downward forming movement of the tappet, so that buckling loads no longer occur.

Machine table is to be understood as a synonym for terminus technicus for each lower machine part that can accommodate the lower forming tools and is arranged below the ram.

According to a second aspect of the invention formulated in claim 5, which can be combined with the first aspect of the invention, but is also claimed on its own, a forming machine comprises a machine table with a tool receiving area for at least one lower forming tool and a ram with a tool receiving area for at least one upper forming tool a vertically guided, movable bracket to which the plunger is attached by means of at least one adjusting device and with which the plunger can thus be moved or moved along with it. With the adjusting device (s), the ram can be adjusted or set in the vertical direction relative to the console or a vertical distance between the ram and console for setting an operating point of the ram stroke and / or for adapting to a desired deformation height of the workpiece or for inserting a new forming tool adjustable on the forming machine. The adjustment device (s) has or have an adjustment drive for automatic adjustment.

According to a third aspect of the invention defined in claim 10, which can be combined as desired with the first aspect of the invention and the second aspect of the invention, but is also claimed on its own, a forming machine comprises a machine table with a tool receiving area for at least one lower forming tool and ram with tool holding area for at least one upper forming tool, at least one compensation device for at least partial compensation of the weight of the ram and a bracket to which the ram is connected.
The compensating device exerts a compensating force directed upwards against the force of gravity on the plunger and also on the or a bracket, which compensating force ensures that the bearing gaps or gaps in the connecting rod bearings or in the adjustment devices between the tappet and bracket generally apply the lower side remain independent of the direction of the slide movement up or down.

The compensation device is connected or coupled in the force path between the stand or crosshead on the one hand and the ram and / or the console on the other hand

In addition, the compensation device has at least one restoring element which opposes a downward deflection with an upwardly acting restoring force, the restoring element being a resilient restoring element and / or a pneumatic restoring element.

The forming machine according to the second and third aspect of the invention is also intended, in particular, for cold or hot forming of metallic workpieces, for example metallic sheets, and is preferably a servo press.

Fastening the tappet to a movable bracket guided on or in vertical guides, which is coupled to the connecting rods in the upper connecting rod bearings, is also useful without the described adjustment option or relative displacement between tappet and bracket.

In all versions, the console preferably comprises two side parts and a transverse part connecting the two side parts. The plunger is preferably arranged below the transverse part and in particular between the side parts and is preferably fastened to the transverse part. One or two connecting rods are preferably mounted or coupled in the respective upper connecting rod bearings on each side part of the console. Such a draw frame-like console can absorb forces well.

In one embodiment, the forming machine has a machine frame with one or two columns and a crosshead, with vertical guides preferably being provided on the crosshead and / or on the column (s), on which guide elements of the ram and / or guide elements of the console are guided vertically.

In one embodiment, each crankshaft is rotatably mounted in or on the machine table below the tool receiving area, in particular in two inner bearings and two outer bearings. Furthermore, at least one crankshaft can be constructed from at least two crankshaft parts that are connected to one another via a clutch.

In general, each crankshaft has an eccentric for each associated connecting rod, on which a lower connecting rod end of the connecting rod is mounted eccentrically to the shaft axis of the crankshaft, forming a lower connecting rod, the eccentric rotating around the shaft axis when the crankshaft rotates about its shaft axis moves, wherein during this rotational movement of the eccentric with the lower end of the connecting rod mounted thereon, the upper end of the connecting rod of the same connecting rod moves vertically up or down.

In addition, each crankshaft is preferably assigned two connecting rods and / or each crankshaft is driven by two servomotors, in particular at its shaft end areas. Such an arrangement of two servomotors reduces the torsional forces acting on the crankshaft and the two connecting rods of this crankshaft can be subjected to essentially the same torque. The lower connecting rod bearing or the eccentric (s) on the crankshaft for the connecting rod (s) is or are preferably arranged between the coupling areas of the crankshaft for the servomotors.

The at least one servo motor or the two servo motors can drive the assigned crankshaft directly, in particular at the same speed, or via a transmission gear. In particular, the use of a torque motor or a segment motor as a servomotor allows the servomotor to be operated as a direct drive at low speeds with high torques at the same time.

The servomotor or servomotors are preferably also arranged below the ram and / or below the tool receiving area of the machine table.

An embodiment of the forming machine with two crankshafts and four connecting rods is preferred, two connecting rods being connected to one another via a crankshaft or being driven together. The two crankshafts are preferably arranged parallel and offset from one another. The upper connecting rod bearings of these four connecting rods then preferably surround the tappet or the bracket in a symmetrical arrangement, are particularly located in the corner areas of the tappet or the bracket or the corner points of a rectangle in which the tappet or the bracket is in cross section.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, two drive units, each comprising two connecting rods with associated connecting rod bearings, a crankshaft and one or two associated servomotors, possibly with transmission gears, are constructed identically to one another and / or are arranged essentially mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to a central plane of symmetry of the forming machine. The ram and / or the console and / or the machine table and in particular also essentially the entire forming machine can also be designed essentially mirror-symmetrically with respect to a central plane of symmetry of the forming machine.

The described symmetrical configurations advantageously allow efficient dissipation and compensation of forces occurring during operation via frame parts of the forming machine such as the stand or stands.

Finally, a mechanical braking device or a safety lock can also be arranged on at least one crankshaft and / or on at least one servomotor, for example to hold the plunger in place and prevent an unintentional start-up.

• 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Umformmaschine in einer Darstellung von vorne, wobei Komponenten zeichnerisch teilweise freigeschnitten und somit sichtbar sind,
• 2 die Umformmaschine gemäß 1 in einer teilweise geschnittenen Darstellung von der Seite und
• 3 die Umformmaschine gemäß 1 und 2 in einer teilweise geschnittenen Darstellung von oben

The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of exemplary embodiments, reference being made to the accompanying drawings. They each show in a schematic representation:

• 1 a forming machine according to the invention in a representation from the front, with components partially cut free in the drawing and thus visible,
• 2 the forming machine according to 1 in a partially cut view from the side and
• 3 the forming machine according to 1 and 2 in a partially cut view from above

The 1 to 3 show a forming machine, in particular designed as a servo press 1 who have favourited a machine table 2 , one or two stands 4th with a crosshead 5 and one on the stand (s) 4th and / or crosshead 5 guided, vertically movable ram 7th includes.

On one of the pestles 7th facing top of the machine table 2 , in particular on a table top, is a tool holder 3 for receiving the lower forming tools of the machine table, not shown 2 intended. At the machine table 2 facing underside of the plunger 7th is a tool holder 70 intended to accommodate upper forming tools, not shown. The tool holders 3 and 70 can, for example, in a manner known per se, have a grid of fastening positions for positioning the tools. The area between the tool holders 3 and 70 from machine table 2 and plunger 7th forms the work area 6th , in which the tools and then the workpieces are (can) arranged between the tools. During the forming process, especially the pressing process in a servo press, the ram is 7th moved downwards, so that upper and lower forming tools or tool halves by means of the ram 7th applied forming force, in particular pressing force, interact and a workpiece located between the forming tools is reshaped in accordance with the geometrical and mechanical design of the tools. The one to the machine table 2 vertically downward working direction or deformation direction of the ram 7th is shown with an arrow labeled P and is the pressing direction for a servo press.

On the crosshead 5 and / or the stand (s) 4th are now, preferably four, vertical guides, in particular guide rails and / or guide grooves, arranged and attached, two of which are front guides 45 and 46 on both sides in 1 are shown.

The plunger 7th has corresponding guide elements, in particular also four guide elements, which are on or in the guides on the stand (s) 4th and / or crosshead 5 , in particular via intermediate roller bearings, are vertically guided. In 1 the two front guide elements are shown, which is in or on the guide 45 guided guide element shown on the right 75 and that in or on the guide 46 guided guide element shown on the left 76 .

The plunger 7th is in the preferred embodiment shown on a console 9 kept that with the pestle 7th is moved along and is also guided via, preferably also four, guide elements on the vertical guides, in particular via interposed roller bearings, of which in 1 the two front guide elements 95 on the leadership 45 and 96 on the leadership 46 are shown. The console 9 forms an approximately U-shaped cross section, the plunger 7th from above and from the side framing or surrounding tension frame with two vertically extending side parts 91 and 92 that the side of the plunger 7th surround or frame, and one of the two side panels 91 and 92 connecting horizontal transverse part 93 on which the plunger 7th via connecting elements (adjustment devices) 8th is attached hanging and thus above the plunger 7th is arranged. console 9 and plunger 7th are firmly connected to one another during the forming movement and are moved together under common linear vertical guidance in the guides, e.g. 45 and 46 , to stand 4th and / or crosshead 5 .

For the forming movement of the ram 7th relative to the machine table 2 is the ram 7th of at least two, in the illustrated embodiment four, connecting rods 11 to 14th vertically against the machine table 2 movable. The connecting rods 11 to 14th are with the side panels 91 and 92 the console 9 , preferably in their corner areas, coupled to the front and rear of the side part 91 the two connecting rods 11 and 14th and on the front and back of the side panel 92 the connecting rods 12 and 13 . The four connecting rods 11 to 14th thus pull the console 9 in the forming movement down to the machine table 2 and press the console 9 in the return movement up again. The console 9 presses with her crosspiece 93 via the connecting elements ( 8th ) the ram during the forming movement 7th down in front of you and pulls the plunger 7th in the return movement with upwards. In doing so, the guided console takes 9 even as a tension frame, the tensile forces and any tilting moments that occur on and the plunger 7th can be largely free of lateral forces and moments in its linear guidance on the stand 4th and / or crosshead 5 move.

In the illustrated embodiment is at an upper end of the connecting rod 11A to 14A each connecting rod 11 to 14th each one on the associated side part 91 and 92 Bolts attached to the console along a bolt axis running through the bolt through or into an opening (the upper "eye") in the upper end of the connecting rod 11A to 14A inserted and rotatably mounted therein. Can be seen in the 1 and 2 bolts 61 , 62 and 64 with the associated bolt axes B1 , B2 and B4 in the associated connecting rod ends 11A , 12A and 14A .

The two one side part 91 or 92 the console 9 assigned and at their upper connecting rod ends 11A to 14A connecting rod coupled with it 11 and 14th or. 12 and 13 are at their lower connecting rod ends 11B and 14B or. 12B and 13B coupled to one another via a crankshaft (or: eccentric shaft) 15 or 16, respectively. The two connecting rods 11 and 14th at one, in 1 and 3 left, side are through a first crankshaft 15th connected to each other around a shaft axis A. is rotatable, and the two connecting rods 12 and 13 on the other side are through a second crankshaft 16 connected to each other around a shaft axis B. is rotatable. The two shaft axes A. and B. of the crankshafts 15th and 16 are arranged parallel to one another and in particular at the same height or in the same horizontal plane.

The crankshafts 15th and 16 point for each connecting rod 11 to 14th an associated itself with the crankshaft 15th or 16 rotating eccentric element 31 to 34 on with an eccentric axis that is parallel and spaced from the respective shaft axis A. or. B. is arranged. You can see in 1 the eccentric axes E1 and E2 of the eccentric elements 31 and 32 and in 2 the eccentric axes E1 and E4 of the eccentric elements 31 and 34 .

Every eccentric element 31 to 34 is on the crankshaft 15th or 16 in the form of an arm or protrusion and comprises a pin or bolt that passes through an opening (the “eye”) in the lower end of the connecting rod 11B to 14B of the associated connecting rod 11 to 14th is inserted through and rotatably mounted therein. The eccentric axes, in particular E1, E2 and E4 run through the pins or bolts of the eccentric elements, in particular 31 , 32 and 34 .

When the crankshaft rotates 15th or. 16 the eccentric elements rotate 31 to 34 with and their eccentric axes, e.g. E1, E2 and E4 , move in a circular rotational movement (eccentric movement) RB around the shaft axis A. or. B. , where the diameter D of this rotational movement RB twice the distance from the eccentric axis, in particular E1, E2 or E4 , to the shaft axis A. or B. corresponds.

The bolt axles, in particular B1 , B2 and B4 , the bolt, in particular 61 , 62 and 64 , in the upper connecting rod ends 11A to 14A and the eccentric axes, in particular E1, E2 and E4 , the eccentric elements, in particular 31 , 32 and 34 , preferably run parallel to one another and preferably also parallel to the shaft axes A. and B. of the crankshafts 15th and 16 .

The bolts on the side panels 91 and 92 form together with the upper connecting rod ends 11A to 14A and the openings or eyes of each upper connecting rod bearing for coupling the connecting rod 11 to 14th to the console 9 and thus on the ram 7th . The eccentric elements, e.g. 31 , 32 and 34 , in particular their bolts, in turn form together with the lower connecting rod ends 11B to 14B and their openings or eyes each lower connecting rod bearings, which are used to couple the crankshaft 15th or 16 and thus the servomotors 21st to 24 to the associated connecting rod 11 to 14th are provided. The upper and lower connecting rod bearings can, however, also be designed in other known ways.

A rotational movement of the crankshaft 15th or 16 around their shaft axis A. or B now leads to an eccentric movement or a rotational movement RB of the two eccentric elements attached to the crankshaft, in particular 31 and 34 on the crankshaft 15th ,. The associated connecting rods 11 and 14th or. 12 and 13 follow this rotational movement RB of the eccentric elements at their lower connecting rod ends 11A and 14A or. 12A and 13A . The angular positions of the eccentric elements, e.g. 31 , 32 and 34 , different connecting rods 11 to 14th are generally set the same as one another and are therefore synchronized.

As a result of the synchronized eccentric movements RB all connecting rods move 11 to 14th at their upper connecting rod ends 11A to 14A vertically in one with VB called vertical movement linearly synchronously up or down and thus move the console coupled to the four upper connecting rod bearings 9 and the tappet coupled to it 7th linear in its forming direction P down and then back up in the opposite direction.

In 1 are the lower point of the rotational movement RB as UP1 for the connecting rod 11 and UP 2 on the connecting rod 12 and the corresponding upper point as OP1 and OP2. If the crankshaft rotates completely through the upper point and lower point, e.g. OP1 to UP1 or OP2 to UP2, the maximum possible connecting rod stroke is reached, which is then the full diameter D of the circle of the eccentric or rotational movement RB corresponds. In this case it is the ram stroke H between its OT and UT equal to the maximum connecting rod stroke D. The eccentric or rotational movement RB can only take place in one direction of rotation or in a pendulum movement around the lower point UP1 of the rotational movement RB with periodically changing or alternating direction of rotation.

The one around the shaft axis A. rotating crankshaft 15th is of two synchronized servo motors 21st and 24 driven and around the shaft axis B. rotating crankshaft 16 is also of two synchronized servomotors 22nd and 23 driven, the two servomotors 21st and 24 or. 22nd and 23 preferably in the area of the shaft ends on the crankshaft 15th or 16 are coupled. The two servomotors per crankshaft also serve to avoid or keep torsional moments in the crankshafts as small as possible.

In the illustrated embodiment (see especially 3 ) is between each servo motor 21st to 24 and associated crankshaft 15th or 16 a transmission gear 51 to 54 switched to translate the engine speed to the crankshaft speed, in particular a gear transmission.

However, it is also possible to drive the crankshafts directly by the servomotors (in which case the motor speed corresponds to the crankshaft speed) without an intermediate gear, in particular when using torque motors or segment motors. Furthermore, only one servomotor can also be provided per crankshaft.

The four connecting rods 11 to 14th are preferably structurally identical to one another, in particular of the same length. The two drive units are preferably the side parts 91 and 92 are assigned to the console and two connecting rods 11 and 14th or. 12 and 13 with associated connecting rod bearings, a crankshaft 15th or. 16 and two associated servo motors 21st and 24 or. 22nd and 23 possibly with gears 51 and 54 or. 52 and 53 include, constructed identically to one another and to one another with respect to a central plane of symmetry S. arranged mirror-symmetrically. Likewise are the consoles 9 and the plunger 7th and possibly also a stand 4th and crosshead 5 as well as the machine table 2 preferably mirror-symmetrical to the plane of symmetry S. educated. In 3 it should be noted that the cutting planes according to 1 left and right are different. With the same cutting plane, in 3 the components mentioned are all shown mirror-symmetrically.

The servomotors 21st to 24 and the associated gear 51 to 54 are on the outer long sides of the machine table 2 arranged below its tool holder 3 . The crankshafts too 15th and 16 and the lower connecting rod bearings and lower sections of the connecting rods 11 to 14th are below the lower tool holder 3 of the machine table 2 and thus also below the ram 7th intended. The upper connecting rod bearings of the connecting rods 11 to 14th are, however, above the tool holder 3 of the machine table 2 , especially at the level of the ram 7th arranged. This advantageously achieves that from the machine table 2 seen from the plunger located above 7th via its console 9 is pulled down during the forming movement and compressive forces are avoided.

As in 2 shown, each crankshaft, here 15, is in two outer bearings 18th and two inner bearings 17th rotating in or on the machine table 2 stored. In particular, the crankshaft 15th apart from a one-piece design, it can also be constructed in two or more parts, for example according to 2 two crankshaft parts 15A and 15B have that have a clutch 19th are connected to each other.

It can also be used to lock the servomotor and thus the ram 7th and preventing unwanted starting of each servo motor 21st to 24 or on the crankshaft 15th and 16 a mechanical brake or locking unit (not designated) can also be arranged.

When the lower and upper forming tools are attached to the respective tool holders 3 or. 70 are mounted, their vertical distance is slightly larger than the maximum vertical deflection or the stroke of the ram 7th between OT and UT , which corresponds to the connecting rod stroke D to transform a To enable workpiece lying between the forming tools, in particular sheet metal.

In adaptation to a desired deformation height of the workpiece, i.e. how far the workpiece is deformed in the vertical direction, or for moving in a new forming tool on the forming machine 1 is preferably a setting option for setting an operating point and thus the OT or the stroke starting position and the UT or the stroke end position of the ram 7th intended. The plunger 7th is for this purpose, as in 1 and 3 to recognize over several, in the example of the 3 four, adjusting devices 8th as connecting elements to the console 9 in his distance d to the cross piece 93 the console 9 adjustable in a predetermined setting interval between a minimum distance and a maximum distance. So you can without having to drive with the connecting rods 11 to 14th something needs to be changed that OT and the UT and the stroke range in between OT and UT moved vertically. A greater distance d '> d brings OT and UT of the ram 7th closer to the machine table 2 , especially its tool holder 3 and a smaller distance d ''<d increases the distance from OT and UT to the machine table 2 .

The adjustment devices 8th can in principle be manually adjustable, but are preferably each provided with drives, for example with spindle drives or worm drives, each of which includes at least one electric drive motor. This allows the adjustment of the distance d and thus the vertical position of OT and UT automated and also take place in very precise setting steps.

In the embodiment shown, there is no drive element in the way of the work area 6th arranged. The supply and removal of the workpieces to be processed, for example by a handling robot, or the assembly or disassembly of forming tools can thus take place from all four sides and toward all four sides.

The drive of the crankshafts 15th and 16 via the servo motors 21st to 24 and is on the control device 20th fully electronically synchronized so that, for example, the servomotors start up and run in a coordinated manner and / or provide coordinated torques.

For at least partial compensation of the weight of the ram 7th and the console 9 is preferably the plunger 7th or alternatively the console 9 advantageously via a (only in 1 shown) compensation device 10 with the stand or stands 4th or the crosshead 5 coupled. The compensation device 10 exerts a counterbalancing force directed upwards against gravity on the plunger 7th and thus also on the one with the pestle 7th connected console 9 or vice versa on the console 9 and thus also on the ram 7th out. The compensation device 10 comprises in particular at least one restoring element which opposes a downward deflection with an upwardly acting restoring force, in particular a resilient restoring element. The compensation device preferably comprises 10 at least one pneumatic return element (or: a pneumatic spring), in particular a pneumatic piston, because of the advantageous characteristics that are possible here. However, a mechanical spring can also be provided. Through the compensation device 10 creates a tensile force or preload on the ram 7th and the console 9 and the connecting rods connected to it in the upper connecting rod bearings 11 to 14th exercised, which ensures in the upper and lower connecting rod bearings that the bearing gaps always stay on one side, namely the lower side, and do not jump back and forth when the tappet movement is reversed from bottom to top and vice versa. In other words, the bearing clearances are kept defined on the lower side.

List of reference symbols

1

Forming machine

2

Machine table

3

Tool holder

4th

Stand

5

Crosshead

6th

Workspace

7th

Plunger

8th

Adjustment device

9

console

10

Compensation device

11 to 14

Connecting rod

11A to 14A

upper connecting rod end

11B to 14B

lower end of the connecting rod

15, 16

crankshaft

15A, 15B

Crankshaft part

17th

Bottom bracket

18th

Subcamp

19th

coupling

20th

Control device

21 to 24

Servo motor

25th

Input unit

31, 32, 34

eccentric

45, 46

guide

51 to 54

Transmission gear

61, 62, 64

bolt

70

Tool holder

75, 76

Guide element

91, 92

Side part

93

Cross section

95, 96

Guide element

d

distance

A, B

Shaft axis

B1, B2

Bolt axis

E1, E2

Eccentric axis

P

Pressing direction

RB

Rotational movement

VB

Vertical movement

H

Stroke length

OT

top dead center of the ram

UT

Bottom dead center of the ram

S.

Plane of symmetry

Claims (10)

Forming machine, in particular for cold or hot forming of metallic workpieces, for example metallic sheets, preferably comprising a servo press a) at least one machine table (2) with a tool receiving area (3) for at least one lower forming tool and at least one ram (7) with a tool receiving area (70) for at least one upper forming tool, b) wherein the ram (7) is arranged above the machine table (2) and is arranged to be movable against the machine table by means of a drive device, c) wherein the drive device for the ram (7) c1) at least two, preferably four, connecting rods (11 to 14) which are directly or indirectly coupled to the tappet (7) in an upper connecting rod bearing (11A to 14A, 61, 62 and 63), c2) at least one crankshaft rotatable about a shaft axis (A, B), preferably two crankshafts (15, 16) rotatable about a shaft axis (A, B), on which at least one connecting rod (11 to 14), preferably two connecting rods (11 and 14, 12 and 13), is coupled in a lower connecting rod bearing (11B to 14B and 31 to 34), and c3) has at least one servomotor (21 to 24) for driving the at least one crankshaft (15, 16), d) wherein each crankshaft (15, 16) and the lower connecting rod bearings (11B to 14B and 31 to 34) of the connecting rods (11 to 14) are arranged or below the ram (7) and / or below the tool receiving area (3) of the machine table . and the upper connecting rod bearings (11A to 14A, 61, 62 and 63) of the connecting rods (11 to 14) are arranged above the tool mounting area (3) of the machine table (2) and / or above the tool mounting (70) of the ram (7) are, e) each crankshaft (15, 16) being mounted in or on the machine table (2) below the tool receiving area (3) in two inner bearings (17) and two outer bearings (18), f) the at least one servomotor (21 to 24) also being arranged below the ram (7) and below the tool receiving area (3) of the machine table, g) wherein the tappet (7) is attached to a movable bracket (9) guided on or in vertical guides (45, 46), which is coupled to the connecting rods in the upper connecting rod bearings, and is attached to the bracket on or in the same vertical Guides such as the console with guide elements (75, 76) of the plunger (7) which are offset from guide elements (95, 96) of the console can be moved or moved along with it, the plunger (7) also being guided on or in vertical guides, h) wherein the console has two side parts (91, 92) and a transverse part (93) connecting the two side parts, wherein the plunger (7) is arranged below the transverse part (93) and between the side parts and is attached to the transverse part and wherein on each side part (91, 92) of the console (9) one or two connecting rods are mounted or coupled in the respective upper connecting rod bearings. Forming machine after Claim 1 , in which at least one crankshaft (15, 16) is constructed from at least two crankshaft parts (15A, 15B) which are connected to one another via a coupling (19), and / or in which each crankshaft (15, 16) has two connecting rods ( 11 and 14, 12 and 13) is coupled. Forming machine after Claim 1 or Claim 2 , in which each crankshaft (15, 16) has an eccentric (31, 32, 34) for each associated connecting rod, on which a lower connecting rod end (11B to 14B) of the connecting rod (11 to 14) is eccentric to the shaft axis, forming a lower connecting rod bearing (A, B) of the crankshaft (15, 16) is mounted, the eccentric moving in a rotational movement (RB) around the shaft axis (A, B) when the crankshaft rotates about its shaft axis, with this rotational movement of the eccentric with the the lower end of the connecting rod mounted thereon, the upper end of the connecting rod (11A to 14A) of the same connecting rod (11 to 14) moves vertically up or down. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, in which each crankshaft (15, 16) is driven by two servomotors (21 and 24, 22 and 23), in particular at their shaft end areas, in particular the lower connecting rod bearing or the eccentric (s) on the crankshaft for the connecting rod (s) is or are arranged between the coupling areas of the crankshaft for the servomotors and / or in which the at least one servomotor or the two servomotors connect the assigned crankshaft directly, in particular at the same speed, or via a transmission gear (51 to 54) drives or drives. A forming machine, in particular for cold or hot forming of metallic workpieces, for example metallic sheets, preferably a servo press, in particular a forming machine according to one of the preceding claims a) at least one machine table (2) with a tool receiving area (3) for at least one lower forming tool and at least one ram (7) with a tool receiving area (70) for at least one upper forming tool, the ram (7) being above the machine table (2) and is arranged to be movable against the machine table, b) wherein the plunger (7) is attached to a vertically guided, movable bracket (9) by means of at least one adjusting device (8) and can be moved or moved with the bracket and c) whereby for setting an operating point of the ram stroke and / or for adapting to a desired forming height of the workpiece or for moving in a new forming tool on the forming machine, by means of the adjusting device (s) (8) the ram (7) in the vertical direction relative to the console (9) or a vertical distance (d) between the plunger (7) and bracket (9) is adjustable, wherein the adjusting device (s) (8) has an adjustment drive, d) wherein the plunger (7) on one or in vertical Guides (45, 46) guided, movable console (9), which is coupled in upper connecting rod bearings with connecting rods, is attached and arranged with the console on or in the same vertical guides as the console with guide elements (95, 96) of the console offset Guide elements (75, 76) of the plunger (7) can be moved or moved along with it, the plunger (7) also being guided on or in vertical guides, e) wherein the console has two side parts (91, 92) and a transverse part (93) connecting the two side parts, the plunger (7) being arranged below the transverse part (93) and between the side parts and being fastened to the transverse part and wherein on each side part (91, 92) of the console (9) one or two connecting rods are mounted or coupled in the respective upper connecting rod bearings. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, in which the connecting rods (11 to 14) lower the ram (7) or the bracket (9) with the ram (7) when moving in the working direction (P) onto the tool receiving area (3) on the machine table Exercising pulling forces. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims with one or two uprights (4) and a crosshead (5), vertical guides (45 and 46) preferably being provided on the crosshead (5) and / or on the upright (s) (4) , on which guide elements (75, 76) of the plunger (7) and / or guide elements (95, 96) of the console (9) are guided vertically. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, in which the connecting rods (11 to 14) are constructed identically to one another, in particular of the same length, and / or in the case of the two drive units, each two connecting rods (11 and 14 or 12 and 13) with associated connecting rod bearings , a crankshaft (15 or 16) and one or two associated servomotors (21 and 24 or 22 and 23), possibly with gears (51 and 54 or 52 and 53), are constructed identically to one another and / or with respect to one another a central plane of symmetry (S) of the forming machine are arranged essentially mirror-symmetrically and / or in which the ram (7) and / or the console (9) and / or the machine table (2) and preferably essentially the entire forming machine with respect to a central plane of symmetry (S) of the forming machine is or are essentially mirror-symmetrical. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a mechanical braking device or a safety lock is arranged on at least one crankshaft and / or on at least one servomotor. Forming machine, in particular for cold or hot forming of metallic workpieces, for example metal sheets, preferably servo press, in particular forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a) at least one machine table (2) with a tool receiving area (3) for at least one lower forming tool and at least one The ram (7) with a tool receiving area (70) for at least one upper forming tool, b) wherein the ram (7) is arranged above the machine table (2) and is arranged to be movable against the machine table by means of a drive device, bb) and wherein the ram ( 7) is attached to a movable bracket (9) guided on or in vertical guides (45, 46), which is coupled with connecting rods in upper connecting rod bearings and is attached to the console on or in the same vertical guides as the console with guide elements ( 95, 96) of the console offset arranged guide elements (75, 76) of the plunger (7) can be moved or moved along with it, the plunger (7) also being guided on or in vertical guides, and further comprising c) at least one compensation device (10) for at least partial compensation of the weight of the plunger ( 7) and the console (9), the compensation device (10) exerting an upward compensation force on the plunger (7) and against the force of gravity. also exerts on the bracket (9) which compensating force ensures that the bearing gaps in the connecting rod bearings usually remain on the lower side regardless of the direction of the slide movement, the compensating device (10) with the stand (s) (4) or the crosshead (5) on the one hand and the plunger (7) and / or the bracket (9) on the other hand, wherein the compensating device (10) comprises at least one restoring element that opposes a downward deflection with an upwardly acting restoring force, wherein the The return element is a resilient return element and / or a pneumatic return element.

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