EP2456562A1 - Hacheur aerodynamique pour la pulsation d'ecoulement de gaz - Google Patents
Hacheur aerodynamique pour la pulsation d'ecoulement de gazInfo
- Publication number
- EP2456562A1 EP2456562A1 EP10752083A EP10752083A EP2456562A1 EP 2456562 A1 EP2456562 A1 EP 2456562A1 EP 10752083 A EP10752083 A EP 10752083A EP 10752083 A EP10752083 A EP 10752083A EP 2456562 A1 EP2456562 A1 EP 2456562A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- disk
- chopper
- pulsed
- flow device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/02—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery
- B05B12/06—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery for effecting pulsating flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/005—Nozzles or other outlets specially adapted for discharging one or more gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
- B05B1/08—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators
- B05B1/083—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators the pulsating mechanism comprising movable parts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
- Y10T137/218—Means to regulate or vary operation of device
- Y10T137/2185—To vary frequency of pulses or oscillations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pulsed flow device. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for the flow of a supersonic flow.
- the said invention proposes to provide a technical solution in the many areas where the flow of a gas or a liquid must be drawn for the purposes of the process or to limit the consumption and size of the pumping means.
- flows obtained by a Laval nozzle it is possible to generate a uniform supersonic jet at very low temperature (currently up to 20K) and stable over hydrodynamic times between 150 and 1000 microseconds.
- the purpose of this invention is to solve problems related to the use of aerodynamic tools in research and development and industrial processes.
- the present invention has its origin in the evolution of an experimental device dedicated to the study of reactional and collisional processes and to low temperature spectroscopy called CRESU [I] (Kinetics of Reaction in Uniform Supersonic Flow).
- CRESU [I] Kinetics of Reaction in Uniform Supersonic Flow.
- This technique developed in the mid-1980s by BR Rowe, is based on the generation of a continuous, supersonic and uniform gas flow that constitutes a real ultracold chemical reactor without a wall. It consists of the use of a Laval nozzle (ie an axisymmetric profile composed of a convergent and a divergent) associated with large pumping capacities (33 000 m 3 / h) which generate, by an isentropic expansion, a uniform supersonic jet allowing to reach very low temperatures while remaining in gaseous phase.
- Laval nozzle ie an axisymmetric profile composed of a convergent and a divergent
- large pumping capacities 33 000 m 3 /
- Accessible temperatures are presently in the range 15-300 K for typical densities ranging from 10 16 to 10 17 cm- 3 .
- An essential aspect of the CRESU technique is that it allows to work in equilibrium conditions local thermodynamics (in particular for rotational and spin-orbit states) and is the only one to study neutral-neutral reactions at very low temperatures [2]. Nevertheless, this technique, like all processes using supersonic flows, faces major drawbacks arising from the requirement to work with high flow rates, typically of the order of 50 Standard Liter / min, in order to maintain a stable isentropic core. long enough. Therefore, a large pumping capacity is essential to maintain a low pressure in the decompression chamber. This large pumping results in a high gas consumption which makes it difficult to study expensive or synthetic chemical species.
- the first system to reproduce the CRESU technique in a pulsed version was developed by DB Atkinson and M. A Smith [9] and resides in a periodic filling of the tank via commercial pulsed valves.
- Five other means of testing this principle have been developed at the international level (Smith, Arlington, USA, S. Leone, Berkeley University, USA, J. Troe, University of Goettingen, Germany, M. Pilling, University of Leeds, GB or high pressure M. Costes, University of Bordeaux). These test facilities remain nevertheless limited in temperature and are generally operational only above 50 K.
- the solution is to reduce the size of the nozzle. tanks ( ⁇ 1 cm 3 ).
- Such a solution requires preparation in advance of the gas mixtures to be injected and their conditioning in a pre-tank in limited quantities.
- this solution induces flow disturbances, the generator conditions of the reservoir being no longer clearly defined because of the high speed gradients in the small reservoir.
- the cylinder system of Kenny and Woudenberg [4] has a geometry that is difficult to transpose in most applications.
- the device according to the invention aims to maintain stable pressure and reservoir flow conditions while producing a uniform flow and without limiting the size of the tank.
- the device according to the invention also has the objective of not having to prepare and condition in advance in pre-reservoirs the gas mixtures to be injected.
- the invention therefore relates to a pulsed flow device comprising a continuous injection into the device fed by a reservoir, a means of obstruction of the flow, the obstruction means being combined with a dynamic sealing system of sealing manner around the flow, characterized in that the blocking means opens and closes the flow at high frequencies.
- the device according to the invention proposes to draw the supersonic flows by a mechanical shutter of the chopper type on a flow section without resorting to pulsed injection into the reservoir which allows, at sufficiently high shutter frequency, obtain a pseudo stationary regime for all flow rate settings.
- the general operating principle is to draw the flow by closing the passage section of the gas or liquid via an obstruction means, for example a perforated rigid disk rotating at high speed.
- an obstruction means for example a perforated rigid disk rotating at high speed.
- the system is installed on the divergent, the exact position depending on the geometry of the nozzle.
- the rotation frequency is such that the reservoir conditions remain unchanged (P 0 , T 0 ) when the system reaches a pseudo-stationary regime.
- the device according to the invention can greatly reduce the average flow rate to be injected into the tank and thus reduce in the same proportions the pumping capacity necessary to maintain a low pressure in the expansion chamber.
- the device according to the invention is not subject to flow disturbances such as those present in the state of the art.
- the obstruction means is a rotary or reciprocating mechanical disk for opening and closing the flow.
- the axis of rotation of the disk does not pass through an axis of flow flow, the disk having a hole, a rotation of the disk alternately bringing a full part of the disk and said hole opposite the flow.
- the disk further includes a cut in an edge of said disk, said edge being opposite to the hole relative to the center of the disk.
- the hole is preferably of oblong shape in this improvement.
- the dynamic sealing system comprises a main seal, a secondary seal, an upstream ring and a seal compensating the movement variations of the chopper ensuring contact conditions between the chopper and the mechanical components profiling the flow.
- One embodiment provides that the geometries of the dynamic sealing system and the obstruction means are adapted to the Laval nozzles, allowing in particular the retention of flow uniformity properties.
- Another embodiment provides that the geometries of the dynamic sealing system and the obstruction means are adapted to planar and axisymmetric nozzle shapes.
- the obstruction means is a plane plate in reciprocating motion.
- the invention also relates to a use of a pulsed gas flow device according to the invention as aerodynamic windows or to protect optical passage elements of the optical window type.
- a particular mode of use of the invention provides for the use of the device according to the invention in order to generate flows at very low temperatures.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view comprising a portion in transparency of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a cross-sectional view of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a comparison of the various techniques used to characterize, in temperature, the pulsed jet obtained using the aerodynamic chopper;
- FIG. 4 shows a rovibronic spectrum of the CN radical obtained by LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) and used to determine the rotational temperature of the flow.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view comprising a portion in transparency of a device according to the invention
- the device comprises a portion 22 said main portion 22, a system 21 hashing and a reservoir 23 at the origin of the injection of gas into the flow device.
- the hash system 21 is supported by the main portion 22 and includes a chopper 3, or disk or other means of alternative opening obstruction. Said main portion 22 is fixed on a reservoir 23, said reservoir being at the origin of the injection in the gas flow device or any other element to be pulsed.
- This main portion 22 consists of two main supports 1 and 2 rigid circular shape having for example a diameter of 340 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. These supports 1 and 2 are facing each other. In the case of a Laval nozzle, the respective centers of the main supports 1 and 2 are drilled to receive bases 12 and 19 containing the convergent and divergent profiles of the nozzles 13 and 18.
- a bore 24 with a stop is machined to receive the bearings used for the rotation of the chopper axis 3.
- two holes are drilled, intended to receive Socket bearings 4 in which will be positioned two major axes 5 mounted on the reservoir 23.
- the main part 22 is mounted on the gas tank 23 via the two axes 5. More particularly, the main portion 22 is mounted by sliding on these axes 5 to be connected to the reservoir 23.
- the sliding assembly allows a displacement of the main portion 22 along these axes 5 and a facilitated clearance of said part pri ncipale 22 of the reservoir 23 and an easy change of said main portion 22 and / or the nozzle 13 and / or 18 depending on the needs of use. .
- the adjustment of the guide 6 is performed by micrometric screws fixed on the supports 1 and 2 which push the bearing mounts, the return against being provided by springs.
- the two supports 1 and 2 are mounted face to face thanks to three positioning columns 7) of 20 mm in diameter, said columns 7 being for example nested in the faces 25 of the main supports 1 and 2 respectively vis-a-vis the one of the other.
- This arrangement allows parallelism and alignment between the two supports 1 and 2.
- the distance between the two supports 1 and 2 is minimized to optimize the accuracy of settings.
- the main support 2 dedicated to the divergent portion of the nozzle 18 receives the fasteners of the motor 8 driving the chopper 3.
- the chopper 3 is in the form of a disc 3.
- the diameter of the chopper 3 is 240 mm, for a thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
- An oblong hole 26 of variable arc length and diameter 12 mm is arranged at 90 mm from the center of the chopper 3.
- a cut is made on an edge 27 opposite the oblong hole 26 relative to the center of the chopper 3. This cutout allows to balance the disk 3 despite the presence of the oblong hole 26. This maintenance of the balance avoids the unbalance and vibration of the disc 3 at high rotation speed.
- all the ribs provided are only indicative and obviously depend on the sizing of the installation and the desired performance.
- the chopper 3 is such that the axis of rotation of said chopper is parallel to the flow and does not pass through said flow.
- the chopper hole 26 is located at a distance from the center equal to a distance separating the chopper center 3 from the gas flow. This distance is in fact adapted to ensure an alternative look of the hole with the axis of the flow. Edge cutting said chopper 3 is performed to balance the rotation of the chopper. The cutout is arranged opposite the hole relative to the center of the chopper 3.
- FIG. 2 represents a cross-sectional view of a device according to the invention.
- the chopper 3 rotates between the convergent (12, 13) and divergent portion (18, 19) of the nozzle. .
- the chopper 3 is preferably thin and perfectly flat.
- the chopper 3 can be monobloc, glass or ceramic.
- Another solution is to use a disc 3 composed of a metal part (stainless steel, aluminum, ...) coated with a pure or filled Teflon deposit, PFA or a composite material, the properties of which are a compromise between good coefficient of friction and a high wear resistance.
- the solution of a collage of several layers is remember because it allows to cumulate the properties of the constituents and to avoid the deformations due to the deposition process.
- the chopper 3 On the main part 22, the chopper 3 is held between two cylindrical fastening parts 9 and 10. The two fasteners 9 and 10 are bored at their center. A transmission shaft 1 1 cooperating with the chopper 3 is inserted into these bores 9 and 10. The bores 9 and 10 and the shaft 1 1 are finely adjusted to allow the translation with a reduced clearance of the whole chopper 3 and allow the positioning between the convergent (12,13) and the divergent (18,19) of the nozzle, and easy disassembly of the system 21 hashing.
- a first element called a convergent base 12
- the converging base 12 comprises a complementary housing the upstream portion 13 of the nozzle, said housing is adapted to receive said upstream portion 13 of the nozzle. This mechanism is useful when changing the nozzle because it is then easy to replace a profile without disassembling the entire system.
- the convergent base 12 is inserted into the main support 1 by the central bore and is fixed by screwing.
- the nozzle 13 which under the effect of the upstream pressure and compression springs, abuts on the convergent base 12 ensuring the seal between the reservoir 22 and the expansion chamber through at one or two joints 14 on the smaller diameter of the upstream portion of the nozzle 13. It is within the upstream portion of the nozzle 13 that is embedded in the heart of the sealing system of the device.
- a sealing system can be as described below or any type known to those skilled in the art. This sealing system ensures a seal in the device despite the presence of the chopper 3 and thus ensures that the pressure and flow conditions are not disturbed by a leakage.
- the basic principle used to ensure a good seal is based on seals 15, 16 and 20 in dynamic regime with friction, that is to say in contact with the chopper 3 rotating while ensuring a good seal.
- the technical solution consists in using mobile joints 15, 16 and 20 positioned abutting on the disc 3. To do this, an impression is made on the upstream part of the nozzle 13 as close as possible to the profile, intended to receive a bronze ring 17 on which will be mounted the main seal 15.
- This ring 17 carries the main chopper seal 15 in contact with the disc 3.
- the secondary chopper seal 16 is added on its inner axis the secondary chopper seal 16.
- the contact force which conditions the seal and the braking torque applied to the disc 3 , is regulated by a set of springs of different rigidities.
- a seal is provided in the divergent portion of the nozzle in a manner quite similar to the seal described above: it integrates the divergent portion of the nozzle 18 and its base 19 for fixing on the main support 2, according to the same principle as previously.
- the nozzle 18 is not movable, it is simply fixed in abutment on the divergent base 19 by screwing. In this part downstream of the disc, the sealing needs no longer exist.
- the pressure difference between the tank and the chamber leads to the application of a force on the chopper which can then be veiled.
- the same type of mobile joint 20 as on the upstream part of the nozzle is used.
- An orifice is pierced on the chopper 3 opposite the optoelectronic sensor in a corresponding position at the beginning of the opening of the nozzle.
- the collected signal is used to calculate the rotational speed of the disk 3.
- this signal is used as a control driving any other type of synchronized system to the aerodynamic chopper, such as, for example, the triggering of laser shots .
- the reservoir 23 comprises a gas under pressure at a certain temperature.
- This reservoir 23 feeds the main part 22, and more particularly the upstream nozzle 13 with a certain flow rate.
- Chopper 3 undergoes a high frequency rotation.
- This high frequency rotation of the chopper 3 alternately releases and obstructs, at said high frequency, the flow according to whether the oblong hole 26 is respectively or opposite the flow.
- the examples below give examples of values and measurements of operation or obtainable by the device according to the invention.
- the first tests were carried out using the profile of a Laval nozzle operating in continuous mode with the following characteristics: an average flow temperature of 24K over a uniformity distance of 33 cm (196 ⁇ s), an instantaneous flow rate of 100 Standard liters / min, a tank pressure of 336 mbar and a chamber pressure of 0.63 mbar.
- the tests carried out using the aerodynamic chopper allowed to generate a pulsed flow, stable over a distance of 45 cm (266 ⁇ s) at the temperature of 22K, with a pulse frequency of up to 20 Hz for pulses d a duration of 8 ms.
- FIG. 3 represents a comparison of different techniques used to characterize, in temperature, the pulsed jet obtained using the device according to the invention:
- Curve (a) illustrates the results from a numerical simulation of the time resolution type of Navier Stokes equations in 2-D for this nozzle profile.
- Curve (b) shows the results from the Pitot tube impact pressure measurement at different positions in the nozzle axis. The peculiarity of these pitot measurements arises from the fact that each point of the impact pressure curve is obtained by taking an average value of the maximum on the plateau of curves representing the pulse of impact pressure as a function of time, identical to those of Figures (e) and (f).
- the points (c) represent rotational temperature measurements obtained by spectroscopy of the CN radical (study of the population distribution of the R branch of the spectrum) as a function of the position of the nozzle.
- the points (d) represent rotational temperature measurements obtained by spectroscopy of the radical CN (study of the population distribution of the branch P of the spectrum) as a function of the position of the nozzle.
- Figure 4 shows a rovibronic spectrum of the CN radical obtained by LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) and used to determine the rotational temperature of the flow.
- the quality of the flows obtained by this device is excellent because well established over times ranging from a hundred microsecond to millisecond. It can even be superior to the stationary case by reducing turbulence in the tank.
- Various modifications can be made to the aerodynamic chopper, with a view to adapting it to a geometry different from that of a Laval nozzle or to reducing the size of the system.
- the description given constitutes a basis for the technical solution and a non-limiting example with respect to the ribs of the system and the materials used.
- the invention is an independent and compact apparatus that attaches to the tank of a global installation, which makes it easily transportable and adaptable.
Landscapes
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0903663A FR2948302B1 (fr) | 2009-07-24 | 2009-07-24 | Hacheur aerodynamique pour la pulsation d'ecoulement de gaz |
PCT/FR2010/051557 WO2011018571A1 (fr) | 2009-07-24 | 2010-07-22 | Hacheur aerodynamique pour la pulsation d'ecoulement de gaz |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2456562A1 true EP2456562A1 (fr) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2456562B1 EP2456562B1 (fr) | 2016-06-08 |
Family
ID=41683047
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10752083.5A Not-in-force EP2456562B1 (fr) | 2009-07-24 | 2010-07-22 | Hacheur aerodynamique pour la pulsation d'ecoulement de gaz |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8870159B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2456562B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2768864A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2948302B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011018571A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016008644A1 (de) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | Dürr Systems Ag | Mischventil |
CN114486160B (zh) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-07-14 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | 一种高焓流场热化学非平衡辨识分析方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US917970A (en) * | 1908-09-05 | 1909-04-13 | James G Smith | Oil-gate. |
GB781383A (en) * | 1954-11-15 | 1957-08-21 | Bryan Donkin Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to gate valves |
US3249117A (en) * | 1962-06-07 | 1966-05-03 | Grove Valve & Regulator Co | Gate valve |
US3497177A (en) * | 1967-11-02 | 1970-02-24 | Eldon E Hulsey | Seat and seal assembly for valves |
US3972507A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-08-03 | M & J Valve Company | Valve construction |
US4234525A (en) * | 1979-03-13 | 1980-11-18 | Piterskikh Georgy P | Apparatus for spraying fluid and paste-like materials |
US4434967A (en) * | 1982-08-23 | 1984-03-06 | Axelson, Inc. | Valve self-relieving seats |
DE3326797A1 (de) * | 1983-07-26 | 1985-02-07 | Silo Verfahrens AG, Zug | Schiebereinrichtung |
US4645179A (en) * | 1985-10-01 | 1987-02-24 | Baker Cac | Gate valve seal system |
US4834288A (en) | 1987-01-05 | 1989-05-30 | Tufts University | Pulsed slit nozzle for generation of planar supersonic jets |
US5090661A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-02-25 | Foster Oilfield Equipment Co. | Gate valve |
JP2532907Y2 (ja) | 1992-02-10 | 1997-04-16 | 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 | 幅広パルスノズル |
GB9813172D0 (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 1998-08-19 | Hart Robert | Gate Valve |
FR2850298B1 (fr) | 2003-01-28 | 2005-03-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif d'injection d'un flux de gaz supersonique pulse |
FR2915550B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-27 | 2012-05-11 | Snecma | Vanne a clapet pour un systeme de refroidissement dans une turbomachine |
-
2009
- 2009-07-24 FR FR0903663A patent/FR2948302B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-07-22 CA CA 2768864 patent/CA2768864A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2010-07-22 WO PCT/FR2010/051557 patent/WO2011018571A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-07-22 EP EP10752083.5A patent/EP2456562B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-07-22 US US13/386,867 patent/US8870159B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011018571A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2768864A1 (fr) | 2011-02-17 |
EP2456562B1 (fr) | 2016-06-08 |
US8870159B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
US20120125463A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
WO2011018571A1 (fr) | 2011-02-17 |
FR2948302A1 (fr) | 2011-01-28 |
FR2948302B1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 |
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