EP2449238B1 - Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2449238B1 EP2449238B1 EP10720183.2A EP10720183A EP2449238B1 EP 2449238 B1 EP2449238 B1 EP 2449238B1 EP 10720183 A EP10720183 A EP 10720183A EP 2449238 B1 EP2449238 B1 EP 2449238B1
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- Prior art keywords
- injection valve
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- valve
- injection
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a computer program, an electrical storage medium and a control and / or regulating device.
- Object of the present invention is to develop a method of the type mentioned, which further optimizes the fuel injection via the injectors.
- an opening delay time of the injection valve is determined.
- individual, differing inaccuracies of the valve elements, a valve seat and possibly also a magnet armature are taken into account, which lead to the opening delay time being subject to tolerances.
- the basic structure of the actuated by the electromagnetic actuator injectors is not relevant to the inventive method, i. the valve elements can both be firmly connected to the armature, or they can have a magnetic armature, which has a certain axial play with respect to the valve element.
- the method according to the invention is based on the idea of determining that actuation duration at which a stroke movement of the valve element is no longer or just not possible and the valve thus remains closed. Thus, there is no valve opening time and no closing time.
- the thus determined activation duration corresponds to the opening delay time, which can be regarded as constant irrespective of the actual activation duration during the driving operation in the simplest case.
- the closing of the injection valve can be easily determined by various known methods, for example by means of sensors and / or by analysis of electrical or electromagnetic parameters. Some of these are already implemented to control and regulate the injectors. This therefore does not represent an additional cost factor.
- the inventive method is particularly effective when the drive time is successively reduced until a closing of the injector just can not be determined, or the drive time is successively increased until a closing of the injector can be determined, and that the opening delay time for the Injection valve is determined from the time from the start of control until the last time or first closing.
- a greater temporal jump can be made in the vicinity of the critical point and then approach the critical activation duration in small steps, in which the lifting and closing movement of the valve element is just recognized or straight again is not recognized. It can be taken into account that with a minimal opening of the valve element, the closing can not be diagnosed and thus the diagnosed actuation time deviates from an exact value.
- the determined value of the activation duration can be correspondingly corrected by empirically found adaptation values, for example from a test or test field. It is also conceivable to approach the critical activation duration from both sides and then to form the exact critical activation time from both determined values according to a predetermined algorithm (for example by forming an average value).
- the electrical operating variable is a time derivative (gradient) of a voltage of a magnetic coil of the electromagnetic actuator, and that is concluded from a minimum of the gradient on a closing of the injection valve.
- the decaying electrical voltage of the electromagnetic actuator is influenced by a change in the mutual induction caused by the change in movement of the valve element, so that it comes to a saddle-like voltage curve, wherein the inflection point of the course corresponds to the touchdown point of the valve element.
- the time derivative (gradient) of the voltage curve is advantageous because the saddle-like course is transformed into an easily diagnosed minimum.
- the first occurring minimum is to be considered after completion of the drive time, since, for example, by bouncing the valve element or the anchor later more minima can be generated.
- the implementation of the derivation of the voltage curve is possible in the control and / or regulating device easily and at low cost.
- the method is repeated (for example in each case after a specific operating time or a certain number of operating cycles) during operation of the internal combustion engine.
- the method can be carried out during operation of the internal combustion engine with multiple injections, in which case the change in the activation duration is carried out only in a single injection and compensated by changes in the control period of at least one other individual injection substantially torque and / or exhaust gas neutral. This means that the method does not disturb the operation of the internal combustion engine.
- the method may also be performed in a coasting operation of the engine with a late firing angle.
- This has the advantage that, for example, a fuel pressure can be freely varied as needed for a determination of the pressure dependence of the opening delay time.
- the injection time can be increased gradually from the safe non-opening state of the injection valve to the first opening. Thus, an impairment on the exhaust gas is minimal. If the activation is assigned a later firing angle, the combustion of the injected fuel takes place substantially neutral in terms of torque. This measure also serves to ensure that normal operation of the internal combustion engine is not hindered by the method.
- the knowledge of the exact opening delay time makes it possible to take this into account in a control and / or regulation of the injection valve.
- the fuel metering and the overall control and / or regulation of the fuel injection can be further refined (cf formula (1)).
- the dispersion of the injection amount from one injection valve to the other is - when the opening delay time is determined for all injectors of an internal combustion engine - reduced, which saves fuel and causes a homogenization of the operation of the internal combustion engine.
- the method be carried out for different fuel pressures and that a characteristic map be formed from the results of the method. This can then be used for example for a controlled or controlled operation of the fuel injection valves.
- An internal combustion engine carries in FIG. 1 overall, the reference numeral 10. It comprises a tank 12 from which a conveyor system 14 promotes fuel in a common rail 16. To this several injectors 18a to 18d are connected, which inject the fuel directly into them associated combustion chambers 20a to 20d. The operation of the internal combustion engine 10 is controlled or regulated by a control and regulating device 22 which, among other things, also controls the injection valves 18a to 18d.
- the injection valve 18a is shown in greater detail. It comprises an electromagnetic actuator 24, which in turn comprises an electromagnetic coil 26 and a magnet armature 30 on a valve needle 28.
- the armature 30 is presently firmly connected to the valve needle 28. It is also possible that there is a certain axial play between magnet armature 30 and valve needle 28.
- the injection valve 18a basically operates as follows:
- the injection valve 18a is in FIG. 2 shown in a closed state, ie, the valve needle 28 abuts against a valve seat 32.
- an electrical voltage (“drive voltage”) is applied to an actuation of the armature 30 via the control of the control and regulating device 22 and an output stage, which energizes the coil 26 and the valve needle 28 with appropriate strength and duration from the valve seat 32 lifts.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of such a control of the injection valve 18a (as an exemplary example) and the effect on an opening time of the injector 18 over time.
- the FIG. 3 consists of two diagrams, the upper diagram shows the timing of a drive current I and the lower diagram shows the resulting stroke H of the injection valve 18 a.
- the course of the drive current I in the upper diagram shows an initially rapid increase (see reference numeral 40), which is then kept constant over a certain period of time, in order then to drop by about half (see reference numeral 42). This current level is maintained until the end of the control period t i .
- the end of the activation period t i is characterized in that the current I is switched off (see reference numeral 44).
- FIGS. 4 to 6 show three scenarios when operating the injector 18 at different drive durations t i .
- Each figure shows three diagrams.
- the upper diagram shows in each case the course of the drive current I
- the middle diagram shows the course of the valve lift H
- the lower diagram shows the course of a temporally first derivative ("time gradient") of the coil voltage after completion of the control decaying voltage UM to the solenoid 26 ,
- FIG. 4 shows a scenario as it takes place, for example, in a normal operation.
- the drive current I and the stroke H of the valve needle 28 correspond to the known, procedure described above.
- the course of the first derivative of the voltage U M has a minimum 50 which marks the time at which the valve needle 28 is placed in the valve seat 32.
- the minimum 50 is due to a change in the voltage curve at the magnetic coil 26, which has a saddle-like course at the time of placement of the valve needle 28. This comes from the change in movement when placing the valve needle 28 and the associated change in the mutual induction in the solenoid 26th
- FIG. 5 shows a scenario with a slightly shortened drive time t i . Due to the short duration of the activation duration t i , the maximum stroke of the valve needle 28 is no longer reached. As a result, the valve opening duration T op is shortened. By placing the valve needle 26 in the valve seat 32, the course of the first derivative of the voltage U M again has the minimum 50.
- FIG. 6 is the Anberichtdauer t i further shortened, in such a way that the valve needle 26 can no longer lift out of the valve seat 32.
- the course of the first derivative of the voltage U M has no minimum.
- the opening delay time t 11 can be determined by the principle of a successive shortening of the activation period. An accurate knowledge of the opening delay time t 11 enables the control and regulation of the single-point valves 18a to 18d and thereby to refine the entire injection method.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Gegenstand der Erfindung sind ferner ein Computerprogramm, ein elektrisches Speichermedium sowie eine Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung.The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a computer program, an electrical storage medium and a control and / or regulating device.
Vom Markt her sind beispielsweise Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt, bei denen Benzin von Einspritzventilen direkt in jeweilige Brennräume eingespritzt wird. Solche Einspritzventile verfügen über eine Ventilnadel, die bspw. von einer elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung betätigt wird. Um eine optimale Einspritzmenge an Kraftstoff in einer genauen Menge zu berechnen, sind unterschiedliche Verfahren bekannt, bei denen u.a. Ansteuerinformationen für die Einspritzventile, wie z.B. Ansteuerbeginn, Ansteuerdauer und/oder Ansteuerende ermittelt werden. Je genauer diese Informationen zur Verfügung stehen, desto genauer kann eine Zumessung von der Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung gesteuert werden, wobei dazu auch Verzugszeiten beim Öffnen und Schließen der Ventilnadel zu berücksichtigen sind.From the market, for example, internal combustion engines are known in which gasoline from injectors is injected directly into respective combustion chambers. Such injection valves have a valve needle, which is actuated, for example, by an electromagnetic actuator. In order to calculate an optimum injection amount of fuel in a precise amount, various methods are known in which i.a. Control information for the injection valves, such as. Ansteuerbeginn, Ansteuerdauer and / or Ansteuerende be determined. The more precisely this information is available, the more accurate a metering can be controlled by the control and / or regulating device, with delay times also being taken into account when opening and closing the valve needle.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art weiterzuentwickeln, welches die Kraftstoffeinspritzung über die Einspritzventile weiter optimiert.Object of the present invention is to develop a method of the type mentioned, which further optimizes the fuel injection via the injectors.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Weitere Lösungen sind in den nebengeordneten Patentansprüchen angegeben, die ein Computerprogramm, ein elektrisches Speichermedium sowie eine Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung betreffen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben. Darüber hinaus finden sich für die Erfindung wichtige Merkmale in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und in den Zeichnungen. Diese Merkmale können dabei sowohl in Alleinstellung als auch in unterschiedlichen Kombinationen für die Erfindung wichtig sein, ohne dass hierauf nochmals explizit hingewiesen wird.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Further solutions are specified in the independent claims that relate to a computer program, an electrical storage medium and a control and / or regulating device. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in subclaims. In addition, important features for the invention can be found in the following description and in the drawings. These features may be important for the invention both alone and in different combinations, without being explicitly referred to again.
Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird eine Öffnungsverzugszeit des Einspritzventils ermittelt. Dabei werden individuelle, voneinander abweichende Ungenauigkeiten der Ventilelemente, eines Ventilsitzes und auch eventuell eines Magnetankers berücksichtigt, welche dazu führen, dass die Öffnungsverzugszeit toleranzbehaftet ist. Der grundsätzliche Aufbau der von der elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung betätigten Einspritzventile ist für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nicht von Bedeutung, d.h. die Ventilelemente können sowohl fest mit dem Magnetanker verbunden sein, oder sie können einen Magnetanker aufweisen, der gegenüber dem Ventilelement ein gewisses axiales Spiel aufweist.With the aid of the method according to the invention, an opening delay time of the injection valve is determined. In this case, individual, differing inaccuracies of the valve elements, a valve seat and possibly also a magnet armature are taken into account, which lead to the opening delay time being subject to tolerances. The basic structure of the actuated by the electromagnetic actuator injectors is not relevant to the inventive method, i. the valve elements can both be firmly connected to the armature, or they can have a magnetic armature, which has a certain axial play with respect to the valve element.
Eine Ventilöffnungsdauer setzt sich aus einer Ansteuerdauer, abzüglich der Öffnungsverzugszeit, und (nach dem Beenden der Ansteuerdauer) einer Schließzeit zusammen. Es gilt also rein mathematisch:
Dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren liegt die Idee zu Grunde, jene Ansteuerdauer zu ermitteln, bei der eine Hubbewegung des Ventilelements gerade nicht mehr oder gerade noch nicht möglich ist und das Ventil dadurch geschlossen bleibt. Damit gibt es keine Ventilöffnungsdauer und keine Schließzeit. Durch Umstellen der o.g. Formel für diesen Fall reduziert sich die Formel dann rein mathematisch in:
Das bedeutet, dass für diesen Fall die so ermittelte Ansteuerdauer der Öffnungsverzugszeit entspricht, die unabhängig von der tatsächlichen Ansteuerdauer während des Fahrbetriebs im einfachsten Fall als konstant angesehen werden kann.
Das Schließen des Einspritzventils kann durch unterschiedliche bekannte Verfahren, bspw. mit Hilfe von Sensoren und/oder durch Analyse von elektrischen oder elektromagnetischen Parametern leicht ermittelt werden. Einige davon sind zur Steuerung und Regelung der Einspritzventile ohnehin implementiert. Dies stellt somit keinen zusätzlichen Kostenfaktor dar.This means that for this case, the thus determined activation duration corresponds to the opening delay time, which can be regarded as constant irrespective of the actual activation duration during the driving operation in the simplest case.
The closing of the injection valve can be easily determined by various known methods, for example by means of sensors and / or by analysis of electrical or electromagnetic parameters. Some of these are already implemented to control and regulate the injectors. This therefore does not represent an additional cost factor.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist besonders wirkungsvoll, wenn die Ansteuerdauer sukzessive so reduziert wird, bis ein Schließen des Einspritzventils gerade nicht mehr festgestellt werden kann, oder die Ansteuerdauer sukzessive so erhöht wird, bis ein Schließen des Einspritzventils festgestellt werden kann, und dass die Öffnungsverzugszeit für das Einspritzventil aus der Zeit vom Ansteuerbeginn bis zum letztmaligen bzw. erstmaligen Schließen ermittelt wird. Zur Verringerung der Ermittlungszeit kann dabei in einem ersten Schritt des Verfahrens ein größerer zeitlicher Sprung in die Nähe des kritischen Punkts durchgeführt werden und sich anschließend in kleinen Schritten der kritischen Ansteuerdauer nähern, bei dem die Hub- und Schließbewegung des Ventilelements gerade wieder erkannt bzw. gerade nicht erkannt wird. Es kann dabei berücksichtigt werden, dass bei einem minimalen Öffnen des Ventilelements das Schließen nicht diagnostiziert werden kann und damit die diagnostizierte Ansteuerdauer von einem genauen Wert abweicht. Dazu kann bspw. in der Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung der ermittelte Wert der Ansteuerdauer durch empirisch gefundene Anpassungswerte, bspw. aus einem Prüf- oder Testfeld, entsprechend korrigiert werden. Denkbar ist auch, sich von beiden Seiten der kritischen Ansteuerdauer zu nähern und anschließend aus beiden ermittelten Werten nach einem vorgegebenen Algorithmus (bspw. durch Bildung eines Mittelwertes) die genaue kritische Ansteuerzeit zu bilden.The inventive method is particularly effective when the drive time is successively reduced until a closing of the injector just can not be determined, or the drive time is successively increased until a closing of the injector can be determined, and that the opening delay time for the Injection valve is determined from the time from the start of control until the last time or first closing. In order to reduce the determination time, in a first step of the method, a greater temporal jump can be made in the vicinity of the critical point and then approach the critical activation duration in small steps, in which the lifting and closing movement of the valve element is just recognized or straight again is not recognized. It can be taken into account that with a minimal opening of the valve element, the closing can not be diagnosed and thus the diagnosed actuation time deviates from an exact value. For this purpose, for example, in the control and / or regulating device, the determined value of the activation duration can be correspondingly corrected by empirically found adaptation values, for example from a test or test field. It is also conceivable to approach the critical activation duration from both sides and then to form the exact critical activation time from both determined values according to a predetermined algorithm (for example by forming an average value).
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist vorgesehen, dass die elektrische Betriebsgröße eine zeitliche Ableitung (Gradient) einer Spannung einer Magnetspule der elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung ist, und dass aus einem Minimum des Gradienten auf ein Schließen des Einspritzventils geschlossen wird. Durch das Aufsetzen des Ventilelements in einen Ventilsitz des Einspritzventils wird die abklingende elektrischen Spannung der elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung durch eine von der Bewegungsänderung des Ventilelements verursachte Änderung der Gegeninduktion beeinflusst, so dass es zu einem sattelähnlichen Spannungsverlauf kommt, bei dem der Wendepunkt des Verlaufs dem Aufsetzpunkt des Ventilelements entspricht. Zum zuverlässigen Erkennen des Aufsetzen des Ventilelements ist die zeitliche Ableitung (Gradient) des Spannungsverlauf vorteilhaft, da der sattelähnliche Verlauf dabei in ein leicht zu diagnostizierendes Minimum transformiert wird. Dabei ist nach Beendigung der Ansteuerzeit lediglich das erste auftretende Minimum zu betrachten, da bspw. durch Prellen des Ventilelements oder des Ankers später weitere Minima erzeugt werden können. Alternativ oder zusätzlich möglich ist das Erkennen des Aufsetzens des Ventilelements bei einer zweiten Ableitung der Funktion, die beim Schließen des Ventilelements eine Nullstelle aufweist. Das Implementieren der Ableitung des Spannungsverlaufs ist in der Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung leicht und zu geringen Kosten möglich.In the method according to the invention it is provided that the electrical operating variable is a time derivative (gradient) of a voltage of a magnetic coil of the electromagnetic actuator, and that is concluded from a minimum of the gradient on a closing of the injection valve. By placing the valve element in a valve seat of the injector is the decaying electrical voltage of the electromagnetic actuator is influenced by a change in the mutual induction caused by the change in movement of the valve element, so that it comes to a saddle-like voltage curve, wherein the inflection point of the course corresponds to the touchdown point of the valve element. For reliable detection of the placement of the valve element, the time derivative (gradient) of the voltage curve is advantageous because the saddle-like course is transformed into an easily diagnosed minimum. In this case, only the first occurring minimum is to be considered after completion of the drive time, since, for example, by bouncing the valve element or the anchor later more minima can be generated. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to detect the placement of the valve element in a second derivative of the function, which has a zero point when closing the valve element. The implementation of the derivation of the voltage curve is possible in the control and / or regulating device easily and at low cost.
Um jederzeit zuverlässige Werte über den Öffnungszeitverzug zu erhalten, und um eine Drift bzw. ein verschleißbedingtes Altern des Einspritzventils zu erkennen, wird das Verfahren wiederholt (beispielsweise jeweils nach einer bestimmten Betriebszeit oder einer bestimmten Anzahl von Betriebszyklen) während des Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine durchgeführt.In order to obtain reliable values about the opening time delay at all times, and to detect a drift or deterioration of the injection valve as a result of wear, the method is repeated (for example in each case after a specific operating time or a certain number of operating cycles) during operation of the internal combustion engine.
Vorteilhaft ist auch, dass das Verfahren während eines Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine mit Mehrfacheinspritzungen durchgeführt werden kann, wobei dann die Veränderung der Ansteuerdauer lediglich bei einer Einzeleinspritzung durchgeführt und durch Veränderungen der Ansteuerdauer mindestens einer anderen Einzeleinspritzung im Wesentlichen drehmoment- und/oder abgasneutral kompensiert wird. Das bedeutet, dass das Verfahren den Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine nicht stört.It is also advantageous that the method can be carried out during operation of the internal combustion engine with multiple injections, in which case the change in the activation duration is carried out only in a single injection and compensated by changes in the control period of at least one other individual injection substantially torque and / or exhaust gas neutral. This means that the method does not disturb the operation of the internal combustion engine.
Das Verfahren kann außerdem in einem Schubbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine mit einem späten Zündwinkel durchgeführt werden. Das hat den Vorteil, dass bspw. ein Kraftstoffdruck nach Bedarf für eine Bestimmung der Druckabhängigkeit der Öffnungsverzugszeit frei variiert werden kann. Die Einspritzzeit kann dabei vom sicher nicht öffnenden Zustand des Einspritzventils bis zum ersten Offnen allmählich erhöht werden. Somit ist eine Beeinträchtigung auf das Abgas minimal. Wird der Ansteuerung ein später Zündwinkel zugeordnet, erfolgt die Verbrennung des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs im Wesentlichen drehmomentneutral. Auch diese Maßnahme dient dazu, dass der Normalbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine durch das Verfahren nicht behindert wird.The method may also be performed in a coasting operation of the engine with a late firing angle. This has the advantage that, for example, a fuel pressure can be freely varied as needed for a determination of the pressure dependence of the opening delay time. The injection time can be increased gradually from the safe non-opening state of the injection valve to the first opening. Thus, an impairment on the exhaust gas is minimal. If the activation is assigned a later firing angle, the combustion of the injected fuel takes place substantially neutral in terms of torque. This measure also serves to ensure that normal operation of the internal combustion engine is not hindered by the method.
Die Kenntnis der genauen Öffnungsverzugzeit gestattet es, diese bei einer Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Einspritzventils zu berücksichtigen. Hierdurch kann die Kraftstoffzumessung und die gesamte Steuer- und/oder Regelung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung weiter verfeinert werden (vgl. dazu Formel (1)). Die Streuung der Einspritzmenge von einem Einspritzventil zum anderen wird - wenn die Öffnungsverzugszeit für alle Einspritzventile einer Brennkraftmaschine ermittelt wird - reduziert, was Kraftstoff spart und eine Vergleichmäßigung des Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine bewirkt.The knowledge of the exact opening delay time makes it possible to take this into account in a control and / or regulation of the injection valve. As a result, the fuel metering and the overall control and / or regulation of the fuel injection can be further refined (cf formula (1)). The dispersion of the injection amount from one injection valve to the other is - when the opening delay time is determined for all injectors of an internal combustion engine - reduced, which saves fuel and causes a homogenization of the operation of the internal combustion engine.
Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Verfahren für unterschiedliche Kraftstoffdrücke durchgeführt und aus den Verfahrensergebnissen ein Kennfeld gebildet wird. Diese kann dann beispielsweise für einen geregelten bzw. gesteuerten Betrieb der Kraftstoff-Einspritzventile verwendet werden.Furthermore, it is proposed that the method be carried out for different fuel pressures and that a characteristic map be formed from the results of the method. This can then be used for example for a controlled or controlled operation of the fuel injection valves.
Nachfolgend wird eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit mehreren Einspritzventilen;
- Figur 2
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Einspritzventils aus
Figur 1 ; - Figur 3
- zwei Diagramme, in denen einerseits ein Ansteuerstrom des Einspritzventils aus
Figur 2 und andererseits deren Auswirkung auf einen Hub des Einspritzventils über der Zeit aufgetragen ist; - Figur 4
- drei Diagramme, in denen der Ansteuerstrom, der Hub und die Ableitung der Spulenspannung über der Zeit aufgetragen sind (während eines Normalbetriebs der Brennkraftmaschine);
- Figur 5
- drei Diagramme ähnlich zu
Figur 3 , aber mit einer gegenüberFigur 3 verkürzten Ansteuerung; - Figur 6
- drei Diagramme ähnlich zu
Figur 4 , aber mit einer gegenüberFigur 4 nochmals verkürzten Ansteuerung; und - Figur 7
- ein Flussdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben der Brennkraftmaschine von
Figur 1 .
- FIG. 1
- a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with a plurality of injection valves;
- FIG. 2
- a schematic representation of an injector
FIG. 1 ; - FIG. 3
- two diagrams in which on the one hand a drive current of the injection valve
FIG. 2 and on the other hand its effect on a stroke of the injector over time is plotted; - FIG. 4
- three diagrams in which the drive current, the stroke and the derivative of the coil voltage over time are plotted (during normal operation of the internal combustion engine);
- FIG. 5
- three diagrams similar to
FIG. 3 but with one oppositeFIG. 3 shortened control; - FIG. 6
- three diagrams similar to
FIG. 4 but with one oppositeFIG. 4 again shortened control; and - FIG. 7
- a flowchart of a method for operating the internal combustion engine of
FIG. 1 ,
Eine Brennkraftmaschine trägt in
In
Das Einspritzventil 18a arbeitet grundsätzlich folgendermaßen: Das Einspritzventil 18a ist in
Der Verlauf des Ansteuerstroms I im oberen Diagramm zeigt einen zunächst raschen Anstieg (vgl. Bezugszeichen 40), die dann über einen gewissen Zeitraum konstant gehalten wird, um dann etwa um die Hälfte abzusinken (vgl. Bezugszeichen 42). Dieses Stromniveau wird bis zum Ende der Ansteuerdauer ti gehalten. Das Ende der Ansteuerdauer ti ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strom I abgeschaltet wird (vgl. Bezugszeichen 44).The course of the drive current I in the upper diagram shows an initially rapid increase (see reference numeral 40), which is then kept constant over a certain period of time, in order then to drop by about half (see reference numeral 42). This current level is maintained until the end of the control period t i . The end of the activation period t i is characterized in that the current I is switched off (see reference numeral 44).
Im unteren Diagramm ist zu erkennen, dass die Ventilnadel 28 des Einspritzventils 18a nach dem Beginn der Ansteuerung erst nach einer gewissen Öffnungsverzugszeit t11 abhebt (vgl. Bezugszeichen 46). Hat die Ventilnadel 28 ihren Maximalhub erreicht, genügt zum Halten dieses Niveaus ein geringerer Ansteuerstrom I. Wird der Ansteuerstrom I abgeschaltet, senkt sich die Ventilnadel 28 wieder in den Ventilsitz 32, jedoch ebenfalls mit einer Verzögerung (vgl. Bezugszeichen 48). Die Zeitspanne vom Abschalten des Ansteuerstroms I bis zum vollständigen Schließen ist definiert als die Schließzeit tab der Ventilnadel 28. Die gesamte Ventilöffnungsdauer ist mit Top gekennzeichnet. Rein mathematisch gilt also:
Die
In
Setzt man in die o.g. Formel zur Definition der Ventilöffnungsdauer Top die beiden Nullwerte ein, so ergibt sich für den Fall, dass die Ansteuerdauer ti so kurz ist, dass die Ventilnadel 28 gerade nicht mehr abgehoben hat, nach einer Umstellung der Formel:
Das bedeutet, dass durch das Prinzip einer sukzessiven Verkürzung der Ansteuerdauer die Öffnungsverzugszeit t11 bestimmbar ist. Eine genaue Kenntnis der Öffnungsverzugszeit t11 ermöglicht die Steuerung und Regelung der Einspitzventile 18a bis 18d und hierdurch das gesamte Einspritzverfahren zu verfeinern.This means that the opening delay time t 11 can be determined by the principle of a successive shortening of the activation period. An accurate knowledge of the opening delay time t 11 enables the control and regulation of the single-
Ein mögliches Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Öffnungsverzugszeit t11 ist in
- Ausgangspunkt ist ein normaler Fahrbetrieb mit der durch die Steuer-
und Regeleinrichtung 22 vorgegebene Ansteuerdauer ti (Bezugszeichen 100). Danach überprüft die Steuer-und Regeleinrichtung 22 inSchritt 110, ob die äußeren Bedingungen der Brennkraftmaschine 10 eine Verkürzung der Ansteuerdauer ti für zumindest ein Einspritzventil 18 zulassen, ohne dass der Fahrbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 10 beeinträchtigt wird. Dies wäre bspw. in einem Schubbetrieb gegeben. Ist dies möglich, wird für das ausgewählte Einspritzventil 18 inSchritt 120 die Ansteuerdauer ti reduziert. Gleichzeitig wird die erste Ableitung des Spannungsverlaufs UM für die zugeordnete Magnetspule 26 gebildet.Wird ein Minimum 50 im Verlauf der ersten Ableitung erkannt (Bezugszeichen 130), wird die Ansteuerdauer ti weiter reduziert (Sprung nach Schritt 120). Ist ein Minimum nicht mehr erkannt, ist die kritische Ansteuerdauer ti erreicht. In diesem Fall wird inSchritt 140 die Öffnungsverzugszeit t11 aus der Differenz aus Ansteuerbeginn und Ansteuerende berechnet. Eventuell können noch Korrekturfaktoren mit einfließen. InSchritt 150 wird das vermessene Einspritzventil 18 in der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung gekennzeichnet, damit beim nächsten Messzyklus ein anderes Einspritzventil 18 ausgewählt werden kann.
- The starting point is a normal driving operation with the control time t i predetermined by the control and regulating device 22 (reference numeral 100). Thereafter, the control and regulating
device 22 checks instep 110 whether the external conditions of theinternal combustion engine 10 allow a shortening of the actuation period t i for at least one injection valve 18, without affecting the driving operation of theinternal combustion engine 10. This would be, for example, given in a push operation. If this is possible, the activation period t i is reduced for the selected injection valve 18 instep 120. At the same time, the first derivative of the voltage curve U M for the associatedmagnetic coil 26 is formed. If a minimum 50 is detected in the course of the first derivation (reference numeral 130), the actuation duration t i is further reduced (jump to step 120). If a minimum is no longer detected, the critical drive time t i is reached. In this case, instep 140, the opening delay time t 11 is calculated from the difference between the drive start and drive end. Optionally, correction factors can also be incorporated. Instep 150, the measured injection valve 18 is identified in the control device, so that another injection valve 18 can be selected at the next measurement cycle.
Claims (13)
- Method for operating an internal combustion engine (10), in which fuel passes into at least one combustion chamber (20) by means of at least one injection valve (18) comprising an electromagnetic actuation device (24), characterized in that an electrical operating variable of the injection valve (18), characterizing closing of a valve element (28) of the injection valve (18), is analyzed for different actuation periods of the injection valve (18), in that the actuation period is determined during which closing of the valve element (28) can still just be detected or can firstly be detected, and in that the opening delay of the injection valve (18) is determined from this actuation period.
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuation period is reduced successively until closing of the injection valve (18) can just no longer be detected or the actuation period is increased successively until closing of the injection valve (18) can be detected, and in that the opening delay for the injection valve (18) is determined from the time from the start of actuation up to the last or first closing.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical operating variable is a time gradient of a voltage of a coil (26) of the electromagnetic actuation device (24), and in that closing of the injection valve (18) is closed from a minimum of the gradient.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is carried out repeatedly while the internal combustion engine (10) is operating.
- Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that it is carried out while the internal combustion engine (10) is operating with multiple injections, wherein the change in the actuation period is carried out as an individual injection, and is compensated essentially mutually in terms of torque and/or exhaust gas by changing the actuation period of at least one other individual injection.
- Method according to one of Claims 5 or 6, characterized in that it is carried out in an open operation of the internal combustion engine (10) with a late ignition angle.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening delay is set to be equal to the actuation period at the last-detected or first-detected movement of the valve element (28).
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the determined opening delay is taken into account during open-loop and/or closed-loop control of the injection valve (18).
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of an internal combustion engine (10) with a plurality of injection valves (18), the opening delay is determined for all the injection valves (18).
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out for different fuel pressures and a characteristic diagram is formed from the results of the method.
- Computer program, characterized in that it is programmed for application in a method according to one of the preceding claims.
- Electrical storage medium for an open-loop and/or closed-loop control device (22) of an internal combustion engine (10), characterized in that a computer program for application in a method of Claims 1 to 10 is stored in said storage medium.
- Open-loop and/or closed-loop control device (22) for an internal combustion engine (10), characterized in that it is programmed for application in a method according to one of Claims 1 to 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200910027311 DE102009027311A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2009-06-30 | Method for operating an internal combustion engine |
PCT/EP2010/057647 WO2011000650A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2010-06-01 | Method and device for operating an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2449238A1 EP2449238A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
EP2449238B1 true EP2449238B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
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EP10720183.2A Active EP2449238B1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2010-06-01 | Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine |
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US (1) | US9026342B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2449238B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5784013B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102472187B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009027311A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011000650A1 (en) |
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DE102010018290B4 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2016-03-31 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Electrical control of a valve based on a knowledge of the closing time of the valve |
US20120166067A1 (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-06-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for controlling a fuel injector |
DE102011075521B4 (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2013-01-31 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for detecting a closing time of a valve having a coil drive and valve |
DE102011086957A1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling a solenoid valve, and computer program and control and / or regulating device |
DE102012211585A1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | A method of operating a vehicle while coasting |
DE102013200541B4 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2021-01-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for pressure indexing in a dosing system |
DE102013222603A1 (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for detecting an error in the opening behavior of an injector |
US10557445B2 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2020-02-11 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd | High-pressure fuel supply device for internal combustion engine |
KR20170026685A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel management system for hybrid vehicle |
DE102015219383B3 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-02-09 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Determining a time when a fuel injector is in a predetermined state |
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JP6356754B2 (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-07-11 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Control device for internal combustion engine |
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DE102017213126A1 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2019-01-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | A method of determining an amount of fuel delivered by a fuel injector |
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DE3609599A1 (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1987-09-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE DEACTIVATION TIME OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES, ESPECIALLY ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVES IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
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- 2010-06-01 US US13/381,303 patent/US9026342B2/en active Active
- 2010-06-01 EP EP10720183.2A patent/EP2449238B1/en active Active
- 2010-06-01 WO PCT/EP2010/057647 patent/WO2011000650A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-06-01 CN CN201080029730.4A patent/CN102472187B/en active Active
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CN102472187A (en) | 2012-05-23 |
EP2449238A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
DE102009027311A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
US20120166069A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
JP5784013B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
CN102472187B (en) | 2014-11-12 |
JP2012531561A (en) | 2012-12-10 |
WO2011000650A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
US9026342B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
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