EP2439461A2 - Method for controlling a hot water boiler - Google Patents

Method for controlling a hot water boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2439461A2
EP2439461A2 EP11007129A EP11007129A EP2439461A2 EP 2439461 A2 EP2439461 A2 EP 2439461A2 EP 11007129 A EP11007129 A EP 11007129A EP 11007129 A EP11007129 A EP 11007129A EP 2439461 A2 EP2439461 A2 EP 2439461A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot water
removal
tip
sampling
withdrawal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11007129A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2439461B1 (en
EP2439461A3 (en
Inventor
Ralf-Rainer Nolte
Radolf Krämer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stiebel Eltron GmbH and Co KG
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Stiebel Eltron GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2439461A3 publication Critical patent/EP2439461A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/486—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using timers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a hot water tank with an electric heating unit, a sensor for determining the charging level of the hot water tank and a control unit for controlling the charging level of the hot water tank.
  • the control of afterheating takes place, for example. by means of an electric heater via a temperature sensor usually mounted in the lower part of the memory.
  • a temperature sensor usually mounted in the lower part of the memory.
  • the DE 10 2008 059 056 A1 shows a hot water tank, in which the charging and heating of the hot water preferably in the so-called low tariff period at favorable costs.
  • the water is heated to the beginning of the low tariff period to a first set temperature and maintained at this temperature. Subsequently, the water is further heated so that it has reached a second target temperature at the end of the low tariff period. This ensures that the hot water tank is not unnecessarily heated, but a minimum hot water temperature is available.
  • the present invention seeks to further improve the energy efficiency of a hot water tank and to avoid heat losses.
  • a removal behavior of a user is detected and determines a sampling system with respect to the sampling behavior.
  • the sampling behavior is characterized by a sequence of water withdrawals in different amounts at different times.
  • the sampling system is characterized by a regularity with regard to the removal behavior and has at least one sampling tip.
  • An extraction tip is present when the removal value exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the removal amount is preferably determined by a temperature difference, a quantity of water or an energy content.
  • the hot water tank is controlled in a first operating mode with at least a first charging level and in a second operating mode with at least one second charging level, the second charging level being smaller than the first charging level.
  • the first mode is activated before a sampling tip. After a sampling tip, the second operating mode is activated.
  • the hot water withdrawal is determined by the temperature sensor and observed over a defined period.
  • the withdrawal quantity and the time are determined and saved.
  • the controller calculates whether a system with regard to the removal behavior is recognizable to the effect that a certain amount of water is withdrawn regularly at a certain time. Subsequently, the extraction system is further observed and verified.
  • the withdrawal system is now stored in the controller. If a predetermined threshold value is exceeded during these removal processes, this removal process is recognized as a removal tip.
  • the first mode is activated before a sampling tip and the loading level is raised, so that the hot water tank is now suitable to cover the sampling tip. After the sampling tip, the second operating mode is activated and the loading level is lowered again.
  • the first mode is activated at least before the first sampling peak of a defined period of time, for example one day, and the Loading level raised so that the hot water tank is suitable to cover this first sampling tip and other sampling tips.
  • the second mode is activated and operated the hot water tank with the lower second level of charge. Decreases after further sampling peaks due to the removal of the loading level below the second level of loading, in turn, the first. Mode switched to the first level of charge to cover one or more additional sampling tips.
  • the first mode of operation is activated prior to each sampling tip, so that at each sampling tip the loading level is raised to the first loading level to provide enough hot water to cover the sampling tips.
  • the removal behavior is determined by means of an integral sensor.
  • the sampling tip is detected on the basis of a stored mixed water quantity. According to a further embodiment, the sampling tip is detected on the basis of a stored amount of energy.
  • the activation of the first and / or the second mode of operation is absolute, in particular by means of a radio clock or a real-time clock.
  • the activation of the operating modes at a certain time is thus preferably carried out.
  • the activation of the first and / or the second operating mode is relative, in particular by means of a timer.
  • the timer is activated when the user exceeds a predetermined threshold with regard to the amount of water removed during the removal process.
  • a sampling tip is detected.
  • the timer is triggered.
  • the timer is initially set to zero and the withdrawal quantity is stored on the basis of the number of liters.
  • the storage of the removal amount is based on the amount of energy. If a further sampling tip is detected by means of a threshold value exceeding, the removal quantity and the time difference between the first sampling tip and the second sampling tip is stored. Then the timer is reset to zero.
  • the invention relates to a hot water tank with an electric radiator, a sensor for determining the degree of charging of the hot water tank and a control unit for controlling the charging level of the hot water tank.
  • the memory has a systematic determination unit for detecting a removal behavior of a user and for determining a withdrawal system with regard to the removal behavior.
  • the sampling system has at least one sampling tip, in which a sampling value exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the hot water tank further has a control unit for controlling the hot water tank in a first operating mode with at least a first charge level and in a second operating mode with at least one second charge level, wherein the second charge level is smaller than the first charge level.
  • the hot water tank has an activation unit for activating the first operating mode before a removal tip and an activation unit for activating the second operating mode after a removal tip.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a hot water tank 100 according to a first embodiment.
  • the hot water storage tank 100 has a storage tank 110, a heating unit HE and at least one temperature sensor TS. Furthermore, the hot water tank has a control unit SE, which is connected to the temperature sensor TS and the heating unit HE.
  • the control unit SE has a systematic determination unit SBE, which detects and determines a removal behavior of a user.
  • the control unit SE is a first mode BA1 and a second mode BA2 deposited, which specifies the degree of charge of the hot water tank 100.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an in Fig. 1 described embodiment of a hot water tank 100 is shown.
  • a sensor TS is connected to the hot water tank 100 and to a control unit SE.
  • a heating unit HE is connected, which is controlled by the control unit SE.
  • the control unit SE has a systematic determination unit SBE, which detects and determines a removal behavior of a user.
  • a first operating mode BA1 and a second operating mode BA2 are stored in the control unit SE and predefine the respective charging level of the hot water storage tank 100.
  • Fig. 3 shows a representation of various removal processes in hot water tanks in a further embodiment. Based on an amount of energy used for the removal process, it is determined at what time a user has taken water from the hot water tank and how much water the user has taken. In this embodiment, the user has taken at 7.15 clock, at 12.45 clock, at 20.30 clock and at 21.30 clock water in varying amounts. At 7.15 o'clock and at 21.30 o'clock the amount of energy used for the extraction process amounts to 1400 kWh, so that it can be seen that the user has taken a comparatively large amount of water. Since the user has exceeded a predetermined threshold value, in this exemplary embodiment 1100 kWh, during these removal processes, this removal process is recognized as a removal tip.
  • a predetermined threshold value in this exemplary embodiment 1100 kWh
  • Fig. 4 the control of the charging level of the hot water tank is shown as a function of a sampling system on the basis of an embodiment. Shown is a removal curve E with withdrawal tips E1, E2. The sampling tips E1, E2 are recognized as such, because a threshold value S was exceeded in the amount of energy removed.
  • a first energy-content curve P1 shows the control of the state-of-the-art charging level, in which heating is carried out after each removal, so that a first charge level LG1 is maintained.
  • a second energy content curve P2 shows the control of the charging level in an exemplary embodiment according to the invention.
  • a first mode BA1 is activated with a first degree of charge LG1 and the charge level raised to the first level of loading LG1.
  • the charging level of the DHW cylinder drops below the first charge level LG1
  • the second operating mode BA2 is activated with a second charge level LG2 at time Z1.
  • the energy content P2 and thus the charge level continues to decrease through further withdrawals until at time Z2 the energy content P2 has dropped to the second charge level LG2.
  • the second operating mode BA2 is ended and in turn the first operating mode BA1 is activated.
  • the charge level is raised again to the first charge level LG1, so that the second discharge tip E2 is covered.
  • the first mode BA1 is already activated before the second sampling tip E2.
  • Fig. 5 shows a representation of various removal processes in hot water tanks in a further embodiment. Based on the amount of extracted mixed water is determined when a user has taken the hot water tank water and how much water the user has taken.
  • a sampling system is determined based on a timer. The timer is activated when the user exceeds a predetermined threshold with regard to the amount of water removed during the removal process.
  • a sampling tip is detected. The removal behavior of the user is observed over a given period of time, for example 7 days.
  • the timer is triggered. The timer is initially set to zero and the withdrawal quantity is stored on the basis of the number of liters. However, it is also possible to store the withdrawal quantity based on the amount of energy.
  • a second sampling tip E2 is detected on the basis of a threshold value overflow, the removal quantity and the time difference between the first removal tip E1 and the second removal tip E2 are stored. Then the timer is reset to zero. If a third sampling tip E3 is detected, the removal quantity and the time difference between the second removal tip E2 and the third removal tip E3 are again calculated. The program then calculates whether a system is recognizable to the extent that sampling peaks occur at regular time intervals. If such a system can be recognized, this classification is monitored and verified over further periods. If the system is confirmed, the first mode is activated a predetermined period of time before the sampling peak, for example 3 hours.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves detecting water extraction removal behavior of user and determining a sampling system including a peak demand value which exceeds predetermined threshold value, by a sampling unit (SBE). The hot water tank (100) is operated in an initial mode with a preset charging efficiency before the peak demand value and the hot water tank is operated in successive mode with charging efficiency lower than the preset charging efficiency after the peak demand value. An independent claim is included for hot water tank.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Warmwasserspeichers mit einer elektrischen Heizeinheit, einem Sensor zum Bestimmen des Ladegrades des Warmwasserspeichers und einer Steuereinheit zum Steuern des Ladegrads des Warmwasserspeichers.The invention relates to a method for controlling a hot water tank with an electric heating unit, a sensor for determining the charging level of the hot water tank and a control unit for controlling the charging level of the hot water tank.

Gemäß dem Stand der Technik erfolgt bei Warmwasserspeichern die Regelung der Nachheizung z.B. mittels eines elektrischen Heizkörpers über einen in der Regel im unteren Bereich des Speichers angebrachten Temperaturfühler. Bei einer Wasserentnahme wird der Speicher unmittelbar nachgeheizt.According to the prior art, in the case of hot water storage tanks, the control of afterheating takes place, for example. by means of an electric heater via a temperature sensor usually mounted in the lower part of the memory. When a water is removed, the storage tank is reheated immediately.

Die DE 10 2008 059 056 A1 zeigt einen Warmwasserspeicher, bei dem die Aufladung und Erwärmung des Warmwassers vorzugsweise in der so genannten Niedertarifzeit zu begünstigten Kosten. Dabei wird das Wasser bis zum Beginn der Niedertarifzeit auf eine erste Solltemperatur aufgeheizt und auf dieser Temperatur gehalten. Anschließend wird das Wasser weiter erwärmt, so dass es zum Ende der Niedertarifzeit eine zweite Solltemperatur erreicht hat. Damit ist erreicht, dass der Warmwasserspeicher nicht unnötig aufgeheizt wird, aber eine Mindestwarmwassertemperatur bereitsteht.The DE 10 2008 059 056 A1 shows a hot water tank, in which the charging and heating of the hot water preferably in the so-called low tariff period at favorable costs. In this case, the water is heated to the beginning of the low tariff period to a first set temperature and maintained at this temperature. Subsequently, the water is further heated so that it has reached a second target temperature at the end of the low tariff period. This ensures that the hot water tank is not unnecessarily heated, but a minimum hot water temperature is available.

Ausgehend vom Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Energieeffizienz eines Warmwasserspeichers weiter zu verbessern und Wärmeverluste zu vermeiden.Based on the prior art, the present invention seeks to further improve the energy efficiency of a hot water tank and to avoid heat losses.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die obige Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gegeben.According to the invention the above object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.

Danach wird ein Entnahmeverhalten eines Benutzers erfasst und eine Entnahmesystematik hinsichtlich des Entnahmeverhaltens bestimmt. Das Entnahmeverhalten ist charakterisiert durch eine Abfolge von Wasserentnahmen in unterschiedlichen Mengen zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten. Die Entnahmesystematik ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Regelmäßigkeit hinsichtlich des Entnahmeverhaltens und weist mindestens eine Entnahmespitze auf. Eine Entnahmespitze liegt dabei vor, wenn der Entnahmewert einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert überschreitet. Die Entnahmemenge wird dabei vorzugsweise über eine Temperaturdifferenz, eine Wassermenge oder einen Energiegehalt bestimmt. Der Warmwasserspeicher wird in einer ersten Betriebsart mit mindestens einem ersten Ladegrad und in einer zweiten Betriebsart mit mindestens einem zweiten Ladegrad gesteuert, wobei der zweite Ladegrad kleiner ist als der erste Ladegrad. Die erste Betriebsart wird vor einer Entnahmespitze aktiviert. Nach einer Entnahmespitze wird die zweite Betriebsart aktiviert.Thereafter, a removal behavior of a user is detected and determines a sampling system with respect to the sampling behavior. The sampling behavior is characterized by a sequence of water withdrawals in different amounts at different times. The sampling system is characterized by a regularity with regard to the removal behavior and has at least one sampling tip. An extraction tip is present when the removal value exceeds a predetermined threshold. The removal amount is preferably determined by a temperature difference, a quantity of water or an energy content. The hot water tank is controlled in a first operating mode with at least a first charging level and in a second operating mode with at least one second charging level, the second charging level being smaller than the first charging level. The first mode is activated before a sampling tip. After a sampling tip, the second operating mode is activated.

Vorzugsweise wird die Warmwasserentnahme über den Temperatursensor ermittelt und über einen definierten Zeitraum beobachtet. Dabei wird die Entnahmemenge und der Zeitpunkt ermittelt und gespeichert. Sodann berechnet die Steuerung, ob eine Systematik hinsichtlich des Entnahmeverhaltens dahingehend erkennbar ist, dass regelmäßig zu einer bestimmten Uhrzeit eine bestimmte Wassermenge entnommen wird. Anschließend wird die Entnahmesystematik weiter beobachtet und verifiziert. Die Entnahmesystematik ist nun in der Steuerung hinterlegt. Wird bei diesen Entnahmevorgängen ein vorgegebener Schwellwert überschritten, wird dieser Entnahmevorgang als Entnahmespitze erkannt. Vorzugsweise wird vor einer Entnahmespitze die erste Betriebsart aktiviert und der Ladegrad angehoben, so dass der Warmwasserspeicher nun geeignet ist, die Entnahmespitze abzudecken. Nach der Entnahmespitze wird die zweite Betriebsart aktiviert und der Ladegrad wieder abgesenkt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der Speicher in dem Zeitraum, in dem viel Wasser entnommen wird, durch die rechtzeitige Anhebung des Ladegrads aufgeladen ist, um genügend Warmwasser für die Entnahmespitze vorzuhalten. In der übrigen Zeit ist die Vollaufladung nicht notwendig, so dass der Ladegrad abgesenkt wird, um Energie zu sparen und Wärmeverluste zwischen den Entnahmespitzen zu reduzieren.Preferably, the hot water withdrawal is determined by the temperature sensor and observed over a defined period. The withdrawal quantity and the time are determined and saved. Then, the controller calculates whether a system with regard to the removal behavior is recognizable to the effect that a certain amount of water is withdrawn regularly at a certain time. Subsequently, the extraction system is further observed and verified. The withdrawal system is now stored in the controller. If a predetermined threshold value is exceeded during these removal processes, this removal process is recognized as a removal tip. Preferably, the first mode is activated before a sampling tip and the loading level is raised, so that the hot water tank is now suitable to cover the sampling tip. After the sampling tip, the second operating mode is activated and the loading level is lowered again. This has the consequence that the store is charged in the period in which much water is withdrawn, by the timely increase in the level of charge to keep enough hot water for the sampling tip. In the rest of the time, the full charge is not necessary, so that the charging level is lowered to save energy and reduce heat loss between the sampling tips.

In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird die erste Betriebsart zumindest vor der ersten Entnahmespitze eines definierten Zeitraums, beispielsweise eines Tages, aktiviert und der Ladegrad angehoben, so dass der Warmwasserspeicher geeignet ist, diese erste Entnahmespitze und weitere Entnahmespitzen abzudecken. Nach Beendigung der ersten Entnahmespitze wird die zweite Betriebsart aktiviert und der Warmwasserspeicher mit dem geringeren zweiten Ladegrad betrieben. Sinkt nach weiteren Entnahmespitzen aufgrund der Entnahme der Ladegrad unter den zweiten Ladegrad ab, wird wiederum die erste. Betriebsart mit dem ersten Ladegrad geschaltet, um eine oder mehrere weitere Entnahmespitzen abzudecken.In one embodiment, the first mode is activated at least before the first sampling peak of a defined period of time, for example one day, and the Loading level raised so that the hot water tank is suitable to cover this first sampling tip and other sampling tips. After completion of the first sampling tip, the second mode is activated and operated the hot water tank with the lower second level of charge. Decreases after further sampling peaks due to the removal of the loading level below the second level of loading, in turn, the first. Mode switched to the first level of charge to cover one or more additional sampling tips.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird die erste Betriebsart vor jeder Entnahmespitze aktiviert, so dass bei jeder Entnahmespitze der Ladegrad auf den ersten Ladegrad angehoben ist, damit genügend Warmwasser zur Verfügung steht, um die Entnahmespitzen abzudecken.In another embodiment, the first mode of operation is activated prior to each sampling tip, so that at each sampling tip the loading level is raised to the first loading level to provide enough hot water to cover the sampling tips.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Entnahmeverhalten mittels eines Integralsensors ermittelt.In a preferred embodiment, the removal behavior is determined by means of an integral sensor.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Entnahmespitze anhand einer hinterlegten Mischwassermenge erkannt. Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Entnahmespitze anhand einer hinterlegten Energiemenge erkannt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the sampling tip is detected on the basis of a stored mixed water quantity. According to a further embodiment, the sampling tip is detected on the basis of a stored amount of energy.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Aktivierung der ersten und/oder der zweiten Betriebsart absolut, insbesondere mittels einer Funkuhr oder einer Echtzeituhr. Bevorzugt erfolgt damit die Aktivierung der Betriebsarten zu einer bestimmten Uhrzeit.Preferably, the activation of the first and / or the second mode of operation is absolute, in particular by means of a radio clock or a real-time clock. The activation of the operating modes at a certain time is thus preferably carried out.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt die Aktivierung der ersten und/oder der zweiten Betriebsart relativ, insbesondere mittels eines Timers. Der Timer wird betätigt, wenn der Benutzer beim Entnahmevorgang einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert hinsichtlich der entnommenen Wassermenge überschreitet. Hierin wird eine Entnahmespitze erkannt. Wird die Entnahmespitze erreicht, wird der Timer ausgelöst. Dabei wird der Timer zunächst auf null gesetzt und die Entnahmemenge anhand der Literzahl gespeichert. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt die Speicherung der Entnahmemenge anhand der Energiemenge. Wird eine weitere Entnahmespitze anhand einer Schwellwertüberschreitung erkannt, wird die Entnahmemenge sowie die Zeitdifferenz zwischen der ersten Entnahmespitze und der zweiten Entnahmespitze gespeichert. Sodann wird der Timer wieder auf null gesetzt. Ist eine Entnahmessystematik hinterlegt, wird die erste Betriebsart eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne vor der Entnahmespitze aktiviert. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eines Warmwasserspeicher mit einem elektrischen Heizkörper, einem Sensor zum Bestimmen des Ladegrads des Warmwasserspeichers und einer Steuereinheit zum Steuern des Ladegrades des Warmwasserspeichers. Weiterhin weist der Speicher eine Systematikbestimmungseinheit zum Erfassen eines Entnahmeverhaltens eines Benutzers und zum Bestimmen einer Entnahmesystematik hinsichtlich des Entnahmeverhaltens auf. Dabei weist die Entnahmesystematik mindestens eine Entnahmespitze auf, bei der ein Entnahmewert einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert überschreitet. Der Warmwasserspeicher weist weiterhin eine Steuereinheit zum Steuern des Warmwasserspeichers in einer ersten Betriebsart mit mindestens einem ersten Ladegrad und in einer zweiten Betriebsart mit mindestens einem zweiten Ladegrad auf, wobei der zweite Ladegrad kleiner ist als der erste Ladegrad. Außerdem weist der Warmwasserspeicher eine Aktivierungseinheit zur Aktivierung der ersten Betriebsart vor einer Entnahmespitze und eine Aktivierungseinheit zur Aktivierung der zweiten Betriebsart nach einer Entnahmespitze auf.In a further embodiment, the activation of the first and / or the second operating mode is relative, in particular by means of a timer. The timer is activated when the user exceeds a predetermined threshold with regard to the amount of water removed during the removal process. Herein a sampling tip is detected. When the sampling tip is reached, the timer is triggered. The timer is initially set to zero and the withdrawal quantity is stored on the basis of the number of liters. In a further embodiment of the invention, the storage of the removal amount is based on the amount of energy. If a further sampling tip is detected by means of a threshold value exceeding, the removal quantity and the time difference between the first sampling tip and the second sampling tip is stored. Then the timer is reset to zero. If a sampling system is stored, the first operating mode is activated a predetermined period of time before the sampling tip. Furthermore, the invention relates to a hot water tank with an electric radiator, a sensor for determining the degree of charging of the hot water tank and a control unit for controlling the charging level of the hot water tank. Furthermore, the memory has a systematic determination unit for detecting a removal behavior of a user and for determining a withdrawal system with regard to the removal behavior. In this case, the sampling system has at least one sampling tip, in which a sampling value exceeds a predetermined threshold. The hot water tank further has a control unit for controlling the hot water tank in a first operating mode with at least a first charge level and in a second operating mode with at least one second charge level, wherein the second charge level is smaller than the first charge level. In addition, the hot water tank has an activation unit for activating the first operating mode before a removal tip and an activation unit for activating the second operating mode after a removal tip.

In der Zeichnung zeigen

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Warmwasserspeichers
Figur 2
ein Blockschaltbild eines Warmwasserspeichers
Figur 3
ein Schema verschiedener Entnahmevorgänge in einem Ausführungsbeispiel
Figur 4
ein Schema der Steuerung des Ladegrades
Figur 5
eine schematische Darstellung verschiedener Entnahmevorgänge
In the drawing show
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of a hot water tank
FIG. 2
a block diagram of a hot water tank
FIG. 3
a schematic of various removal operations in one embodiment
FIG. 4
a scheme of control of the charging level
FIG. 5
a schematic representation of various removal operations

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Warmwasserspeichers 100 gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Der Warmwasserspeicher 100 weist einen Speicherbehälter 110, eine Heizeinheit HE und mindestens einen Temperatursensor TS auf. Weiterhin verfügt der Warmwasserspeicher über eine Steuereinheit SE, die mit dem Temperatursensor TS und der Heizeinheit HE verbunden ist. Die Steuereinheit SE weist eine Systematikbestimmungseinheit SBE auf, die ein Entnahmeverhalten eines Benutzers erfasst und bestimmt. In der Steuereinheit SE ist eine erste Betriebsart BA1 und eine zweite Betriebsart BA2 hinterlegt, die den Ladegrad des Warmwasserspeichers 100 vorgibt. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a hot water tank 100 according to a first embodiment. The hot water storage tank 100 has a storage tank 110, a heating unit HE and at least one temperature sensor TS. Furthermore, the hot water tank has a control unit SE, which is connected to the temperature sensor TS and the heating unit HE. The control unit SE has a systematic determination unit SBE, which detects and determines a removal behavior of a user. In the control unit SE is a first mode BA1 and a second mode BA2 deposited, which specifies the degree of charge of the hot water tank 100.

In Fig. 2 ist ein Blockschaltbild eines in Fig. 1 beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel eines Warmwasserspeichers 100 dargestellt. Ein Sensor TS ist mit dem Warmwasserspeicher 100 sowie mit einer Steuereinheit SE verbunden. Mit dem Warmwasserspeicher 100 ist eine Heizeinheit HE verbunden, die von der Steuereinheit SE gesteuert wird. Die Steuereinheit SE weist eine Systematikbestimmungseinheit SBE auf, die ein Entnahmeverhalten eines Benutzers erfasst und bestimmt. Eine erste Betriebsart BA1 und eine zweite Betriebsart BA2 ist in der Steuereinheit SE hinterlegt und gibt den jeweiligen Ladegrad des Warmwasserspeichers 100 vor.In Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an in Fig. 1 described embodiment of a hot water tank 100 is shown. A sensor TS is connected to the hot water tank 100 and to a control unit SE. With the hot water tank 100, a heating unit HE is connected, which is controlled by the control unit SE. The control unit SE has a systematic determination unit SBE, which detects and determines a removal behavior of a user. A first operating mode BA1 and a second operating mode BA2 are stored in the control unit SE and predefine the respective charging level of the hot water storage tank 100.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Darstellung verschiedener Entnahmevorgänge bei Warmwasserspeichern in einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel. Anhand einer für den Entnahmevorgang aufgewendeten Energiemenge wird ermittelt, zu welcher Uhrzeit ein Benutzer dem Warmwasserspeicher Wasser entnommen hat und wie viel Wasser der Benutzer entnommen hat. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel hat der Benutzer um 7.15 Uhr, um 12.45 Uhr, um 20.30 Uhr und um 21.30 Uhr Wasser in unterschiedlicher Menge entnommen. Um 7.15 Uhr und um 21.30 Uhr beträgt die für den Entnahmevorgang aufgewendete Energiemenge 1400 kWh, so dass hieran erkennbar ist, dass der Benutzer vergleichsweise viel Wasser entnommen hat. Da der Benutzer bei diesen Entnahmevorgängen einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel 1100 kWh, überschritten hat, wird dieser Entnahmevorgang als Entnahmespitze erkannt. Fig. 3 shows a representation of various removal processes in hot water tanks in a further embodiment. Based on an amount of energy used for the removal process, it is determined at what time a user has taken water from the hot water tank and how much water the user has taken. In this embodiment, the user has taken at 7.15 clock, at 12.45 clock, at 20.30 clock and at 21.30 clock water in varying amounts. At 7.15 o'clock and at 21.30 o'clock the amount of energy used for the extraction process amounts to 1400 kWh, so that it can be seen that the user has taken a comparatively large amount of water. Since the user has exceeded a predetermined threshold value, in this exemplary embodiment 1100 kWh, during these removal processes, this removal process is recognized as a removal tip.

In Fig. 4 ist die Steuerung des Ladegrades des Warmwasserspeichers in Abhängigkeit von einer Entnahmesystematik anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels gezeigt. Dargestellt ist eine Entnahmekurve E mit Entnahmespitzen E1, E2. Die Entnahmespitzen E1, E2 werden als solche erkannt, weil bei der entnommenen Energiemenge ein Schwellwert S überschritten wurde. Eine erste Energiegehaltkurve P1 zeigt die Steuerung des Ladegrades nach dem Stand der Technik, bei dem nach jeder Entnahme nachgeheizt wird, so dass ein erster Ladegrad LG1 beibehalten wird. Eine zweite Energiegehaltkurve P2 zeigt demgegenüber die Steuerung des Ladegrades in einem erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel. Wurde durch Erfassen und Auswerten des Entnahmeverhaltens des Benutzers eine Entnahmesystematik bestimmt, nach der zu vorgegebenen Zeiten Entnahmespitzen E1, E2 auftreten, wird vor der ersten Entnahmespitze E1 eine erste Betriebsart BA1 mit einem ersten Ladegrad LG1 aktiviert und der Ladegrad auf den ersten Ladegrad LG1 angehoben. Sinkt im Zeitpunkt Z1 der Ladegrad des Warmwasserspeichers unter den ersten Ladegrad LG1, weil ein Benutzer begonnen hat, Wasser zu entnehmen, wird im Zeitpunkt Z1 die zweite Betriebsart BA2 mit einem zweiten Ladegrad LG2 aktiviert. In der Folgezeit sinkt der Energiegehalt P2 und damit der Ladegrad durch weitere Entnahmen weiter ab, bis im Zeitpunkt Z2 der Energiegehalt P2 bis auf den zweiten Ladegrad LG2 abgesunken ist. In diesem Zeitpunkt Z2 wird die zweite Betriebsart BA2 beendet und wiederum die erste Betriebsart BA1 aktiviert. Der Ladegrad wird in der ersten Betriebsart BA1 wieder auf den ersten Ladegrad LG1 angehoben, so dass die zweite Entnahmespitze E2 abgedeckt wird. In einem weiteren, nicht gezeigten, Ausführungsbeispiel, wird die erste Betriebsart BA1 bereits vor der zweiten Entnahmespitze E2 aktiviert.In Fig. 4 the control of the charging level of the hot water tank is shown as a function of a sampling system on the basis of an embodiment. Shown is a removal curve E with withdrawal tips E1, E2. The sampling tips E1, E2 are recognized as such, because a threshold value S was exceeded in the amount of energy removed. A first energy-content curve P1 shows the control of the state-of-the-art charging level, in which heating is carried out after each removal, so that a first charge level LG1 is maintained. In contrast, a second energy content curve P2 shows the control of the charging level in an exemplary embodiment according to the invention. Was determined by capturing and evaluating the removal behavior of the user a sampling system according to which at predetermined times sampling peaks E1, E2 occur before the first sampling peak E1 a first mode BA1 is activated with a first degree of charge LG1 and the charge level raised to the first level of loading LG1. At time Z1, the charging level of the DHW cylinder drops below the first charge level LG1, because a user has started to withdraw water, the second operating mode BA2 is activated with a second charge level LG2 at time Z1. In the subsequent period, the energy content P2 and thus the charge level continues to decrease through further withdrawals until at time Z2 the energy content P2 has dropped to the second charge level LG2. At this point in time Z2, the second operating mode BA2 is ended and in turn the first operating mode BA1 is activated. In the first operating mode BA1, the charge level is raised again to the first charge level LG1, so that the second discharge tip E2 is covered. In a further, not shown, embodiment, the first mode BA1 is already activated before the second sampling tip E2.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Darstellung verschiedener Entnahmevorgänge bei Warmwasserspeichern in einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel. Anhand der Menge des entnommenen Mischwassers wird ermittelt, wann ein Benutzer dem Warmwasserspeicher Wasser entnommen hat und wie viel Wasser der Benutzer entnommen hat. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine Entnahmesystematik anhand eines Timers bestimmt. Der Timer wird betätigt, wenn der Benutzer beim Entnahmevorgang einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert hinsichtlich der entnommenen Wassermenge überschreitet. Hierin wird eine Entnahmespitze erkannt. Das Entnahmeverhalten des Benutzers wird über einen vorgegebenen Zeitraum beobachtet, beispielsweise 7 Tage. Wird die Entnahmespitze E1 erreicht, wird der Timer ausgelöst. Dabei wird der Timer zunächst auf null gesetzt und die Entnahmemenge anhand der Literzahl gespeichert. Möglich ist allerdings auch die Speicherung der Entnahmemenge anhand der Energiemenge. Wird eine zweite Entnahmespitze E2 anhand einer Schwellwertüberschreitung erkannt, wird die Entnahmemenge sowie die Zeitdifferenz zwischen der ersten Entnahmespitze E1 und der zweiten Entnahmespitze E2 gespeichert. Sodann wird der Timer wieder auf null gesetzt. Wird eine dritte Entnahmespitze E3 erkannt, wird wiederum die Entnahmemenge sowie die Zeitdifferenz zwischen der zweiten Entnahmespitze E2 und der dritten Entnahmespitze E3 berechnet. Das Programm berechnet sodann, ob eine Systematik dahingehend erkennbar ist, dass Entnahmespitzen in regelmäßigen Zeitintervallen auftreten. Ist eine solche Systematik zu erkennen, wird diese Systematik über weitere Perioden beobachtet und verifiziert. Wird die Systematik bestätigt, wird die erste Betriebsart eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne vor der Entnahmespitze, beispielsweise 3 Stunden, aktiviert. Fig. 5 shows a representation of various removal processes in hot water tanks in a further embodiment. Based on the amount of extracted mixed water is determined when a user has taken the hot water tank water and how much water the user has taken. In this embodiment, a sampling system is determined based on a timer. The timer is activated when the user exceeds a predetermined threshold with regard to the amount of water removed during the removal process. Herein a sampling tip is detected. The removal behavior of the user is observed over a given period of time, for example 7 days. When the extraction tip E1 is reached, the timer is triggered. The timer is initially set to zero and the withdrawal quantity is stored on the basis of the number of liters. However, it is also possible to store the withdrawal quantity based on the amount of energy. If a second sampling tip E2 is detected on the basis of a threshold value overflow, the removal quantity and the time difference between the first removal tip E1 and the second removal tip E2 are stored. Then the timer is reset to zero. If a third sampling tip E3 is detected, the removal quantity and the time difference between the second removal tip E2 and the third removal tip E3 are again calculated. The program then calculates whether a system is recognizable to the extent that sampling peaks occur at regular time intervals. If such a system can be recognized, this classification is monitored and verified over further periods. If the system is confirmed, the first mode is activated a predetermined period of time before the sampling peak, for example 3 hours.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Warmwasserspeichers (100) mit einer elektrischen Heizeinheit (HE), einem Sensor (TS) zum Bestimmen des Ladegrads des Warmwasserspeichers (100) und einer Steuereinheit (SE) zum Steuern des Ladegrads des Warmwasserspeichers (100) mit den Verfahrensschritten: - Erfassen eines Entnahmeverhaltens eines Benutzers, - Bestimmen einer Entnahmesystematik hinsichtlich des Entnahmeverhaltens, wobei die Entnahmesystematik mindestens eine Entnahmespitze aufweist, bei der ein Entnahmewert einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert (S) überschreitet, - Steuern des Warmwasserspeichers (100) in einer ersten Betriebsart (BA1) mit mindestens einem ersten Ladegrad (LG1) und in einer zweiten Betriebsart (BA2) mit mindestens einem zweiten Ladegrad (LG2), wobei der zweite Ladegrad (LG2) kleiner ist als der erste Ladegrad (LG1), - Aktivierung der ersten Betriebsart (BA1) vor einer Entnahmespitze, - Aktivierung der zweiten Betriebsart (BA2) nach einer Entnahmespitze. Method for controlling a hot water storage tank (100) with an electric heating unit (HE), a sensor (TS) for determining the charging level of the hot water storage tank (100) and a control unit (SE) for controlling the charging level of the hot water storage tank (100) with the method steps: Detecting a withdrawal behavior of a user, Determining a withdrawal system with regard to the removal behavior, wherein the removal system has at least one removal tip, in which a removal value exceeds a predetermined threshold value (S), - Controlling the hot water tank (100) in a first mode (BA1) with at least a first charge level (LG1) and in a second mode (BA2) with at least a second charge level (LG2), wherein the second charge level (LG2) is smaller than that first charge level (LG1), Activation of the first operating mode (BA1) in front of a sampling tip, - Activation of the second operating mode (BA2) after a sampling tip. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
wobei das Entnahmeverhalten über einen Integralsensor ermittelt wird.Method according to claim 1,
wherein the removal behavior is determined by an integral sensor. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
wobei die die Entnahmespitze anhand einer hinterlegten Mischwassermenge oder Energiemenge erkannt wird.Method according to claim 2,
wherein the sampling tip is detected by means of a stored amount of mixed water or amount of energy. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
wobei die Aktivierung der ersten und/oder der zweiten Betriebsart (BA1, BA2) absolut, insbesondere mittels einer Funkuhr oder einer Echtzeituhr, erfolgt.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3,
wherein the activation of the first and / or the second mode (BA1, BA2) is absolute, in particular by means of a radio-controlled clock or a real-time clock. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
wobei die Aktivierung der ersten und/oder der zweiten Betriebsart (BA1, BA2) relativ, insbesondere mittels eines Timers, bestimmt wird.Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3,
wherein the activation of the first and / or the second operating mode (BA1, BA2) is determined relative, in particular by means of a timer. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, ferner mit den Verfahrensschritten: - Setzen des Timers auf null und Speicherung der Entnahmemenge, wenn eine erste Entnahmespitze (E1) erfolgt, und Starten des Timers, - erneutes Setzen des Timers auf null, wenn eine zweite Entnahmespitze (E2) erfolgt, und erneutes Starten des Timers, - Speichern einer Zeitdifferenz zwischen der ersten Entnahmespitze (E1) und der zweiten Entnahmespitze (E2). The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of: Setting the timer to zero and storing the withdrawal amount when a first withdrawal peak (E1) is made, and starting the timer, resetting the timer to zero when a second sampling peak (E2) occurs, and restarting the timer, - Storing a time difference between the first sampling tip (E1) and the second sampling tip (E2). Warmwasserspeicher (100), mit
einer elektrischen Heizeinheit (HE),
einem Sensor (TS) zum Bestimmen des Ladegrads des Warmwasserspeichers (100) und
einer Steuereinheit (SE) zum Steuern des Ladegrads des Warmwasserspeichers (100), ferner
mit einer Systematikbestimmungseinheit (SBE) zum Erfassen eines Entnahmeverhaltens eines Benutzers und zum Bestimmen einer Entnahmesystematik hinsichtlich des Entnahmeverhaltens, wobei die Entnahmesystematik mindestens eine Entnahmespitze aufweist, bei der ein Entnahmewert einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert (S) überschreitet,
mit einer Steuereinheit (SE) zum Steuern des Warmwasserspeichers (100) in einer ersten Betriebsart (BA1) mit mindestens einem ersten Ladegrad (LG1) und in einer zweiten Betriebsart (BA2) mit mindestens einem zweiten Ladegrad (LG2), wobei der zweite Ladegrad (LG2) kleiner ist als der erste Ladegrad (LG1),
mit einer Aktivierungseinheit zur Aktivierung der ersten Betriebsart (BA1) vor einer Entnahmespitze und
mit einer Aktivierungseinheit zur Aktivierung der zweiten Betriebsart (BA2) nach einer Entnahmespitze.Hot water tank (100), with
an electric heating unit (HE),
a sensor (TS) for determining the charging level of the hot water storage tank (100) and
a control unit (SE) for controlling the charging degree of the hot water storage tank (100), further
with a systematic determination unit (SBE) for detecting a removal behavior of a user and for determining a withdrawal system with regard to the withdrawal behavior, wherein the withdrawal system has at least one withdrawal tip, in which a withdrawal value exceeds a predetermined threshold value (S),
with a control unit (SE) for controlling the hot water storage tank (100) in a first operating mode (BA1) with at least one first charge level (LG1) and in a second operating mode (BA2) with at least one second charge level (LG2), wherein the second charge level (LG2) LG2) is smaller than the first charge level (LG1),
with an activation unit for activating the first operating mode (BA1) in front of a removal tip and
with an activation unit for activating the second operating mode (BA2) after a removal tip.
EP11007129.7A 2010-10-05 2011-09-02 Method for controlling a hot water boiler Active EP2439461B1 (en)

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