EP2438290A1 - Dispositif d'allumage par laser - Google Patents

Dispositif d'allumage par laser

Info

Publication number
EP2438290A1
EP2438290A1 EP10722677A EP10722677A EP2438290A1 EP 2438290 A1 EP2438290 A1 EP 2438290A1 EP 10722677 A EP10722677 A EP 10722677A EP 10722677 A EP10722677 A EP 10722677A EP 2438290 A1 EP2438290 A1 EP 2438290A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
ignition
laser
chamber window
ignition laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10722677A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Herden
Martin Weinrotter
Pascal Woerner
Juergen Raimann
Heiko Ridderbusch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2438290A1 publication Critical patent/EP2438290A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/02—Constructional details
    • H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
    • H01S3/042—Arrangements for thermal management for solid state lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/02—Constructional details
    • H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
    • H01S3/0401—Arrangements for thermal management of optical elements being part of laser resonator, e.g. windows, mirrors, lenses

Definitions

  • This laser ignition comprises an ignition laser, which projects into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
  • This ignition laser is connected via a light guide with a pump light source.
  • combustion chamber window is present, which is transmissive to the laser pulses generated in the ignition laser.
  • the laser wavelength is between 500 nm and 1500 nm, preferably between 900 nm and 1100 nm.
  • This combustion chamber window must be sealingly received in a housing of the ignition laser. In this case, high demands are placed on the seal between the combustion chamber window and the housing, because during operation, for example, in an internal combustion engine, surface temperatures of more than 600 ° C. can occur at the combustion chamber window. In addition, intermittent pressure loads of more than 250 bar are added. If a firing laser is used to ignite a gas turbine, although lower pressures prevail in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, but the surface of the combustion chamber window can reach temperatures of up to 1,000 ° C.
  • the combustion chamber window In order for the laser ignition to work without interference, the combustion chamber window must be permeable to the laser beams over the entire service life of the internal combustion engine. However, deposits may be deposited on the combustion chamber window during operation, so that the required optical transparency of the combustion chamber window is lost. To prevent these deposits, the ignition laser must be designed so that the operating temperature at the combustion chamber facing surface of the combustion chamber window is high enough to burn off deposits, especially organic type, or oxidize.
  • the surface temperature of the combustion chamber window must not be so high that it causes spontaneous combustion of the fuel-air mixture at the
  • an ignition laser is known, in which the temperature of the combustion chamber window can be lowered by increasing the heat dissipation in the foot of the ignition laser.
  • the surface temperature of the combustion chamber window in the entire operating range of the internal combustion engine above the burnup temperature for organic deposits, which is about 400 0 C, and below a temperature of
  • Temperature range can not be met, a rapid heating of the ignition laser or the combustion chamber window is desired. At the same time, the heat from the ignition laser must be sufficiently dissipated in stable operation of the internal combustion engine to avoid over-temperatures.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an ignition laser, in particular a rapid heating of the ignition laser or the associated combustion chamber window to the required temperature of 400 0 C, so as quickly as possible after the cold start of the engine, the burning temperature for organic coatings is achieved and thus this Coverings can not be permanently deposited on the combustion chamber window.
  • This object is achieved in a generic ignition laser in that means for influencing the heat conduction provided, the one Allow adjustment of the heat transfer from the combustion chamber via the housing of the ignition laser to the combustion chamber window, so that a rapid heating of the combustion chamber window is achieved for all applications.
  • a heat conducting element in particular a heat conducting ring of a good heat conducting material, in particular of nickel and / or nickel-plated copper.
  • This heat-conducting element can either be formed integrally with the housing of the ignition laser or it can consist of a different material than the housing of the ignition laser and be connected to this, for example by soldering or welding, good thermal conductivity.
  • nickel or copper have been proven, since they have a very good thermal conductivity.
  • the heat conducting element according to the invention functions in a similar way to a cooling rib since the enlarged surface of the heat conducting element accelerates and improves the absorption of heat from the hot flue gases and the introduction of this heat into the housing of the ignition laser.
  • the means for influencing the heat conduction in an ignition laser to whose housing an external thread is formed consist in that the
  • External thread ends at a distance from the combustion chamber facing the end of the ignition laser. Namely, if the external thread, which usually serves to screw the ignition laser in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, not to the end of the ignition laser, then the heat dissipation from the combustion chamber facing the end of the ignition laser is reduced, thus accelerating the heating of the ignition laser.
  • This intermediate element is used to reduce the heat dissipation from the combustion chamber window and thereby accelerate the heating of the combustion chamber window or to increase the stationary surface temperature of the combustion chamber window.
  • the intermediate elements may be formed as an annular disc and be provided in the axial direction in front of or behind on one or both sides of the combustion chamber window between the housing and the combustion chamber window. For example, if only one intermediate element is provided and this intermediate element on the contact surface facing away from the combustion chamber between the
  • Combustor window and the housing is arranged, thereby reducing the dissipation of heat from the combustion chamber window into the base of the housing and as a result accelerates the heating.
  • combustion chamber window consists of two different materials.
  • the combustion chamber window must be transparent or transmissive for light with the
  • a particularly suitable material for focusing the laser pulse is crystalline sapphire, which, however, has a relatively high thermal conductivity of about 40 W / mK at room temperature.
  • the combustion chamber window is thus formed according to the invention from a central region with optimal optical properties and a radially outer region with respect to the thermal conductivity optimized annular region.
  • Suitable materials for the second, outer region of the combustion chamber window are, for example, quartz glass, which has a thermal conductivity of only about 4 W / mK at room temperature, YAG, with a thermal conductivity of about 14
  • the surface temperature of the combustion chamber window can be set to the desired values and at the same time a very rapid heating of the combustion chamber window can be achieved at temperatures above 400 0 C.
  • Figure 1 a is a schematic representation of a laser-based ignition device in an internal combustion engine
  • Figure 1 b is a schematic and detailed illustration of the ignition of
  • FIG. 1 The first figure.
  • the ignition device according to the invention is exemplified in an internal combustion engine.
  • the ignition laser can also be implemented in a gas turbine.
  • An internal combustion engine carries in FIG. 1a as a whole the reference numeral 10. It can be used to drive a motor vehicle, not shown, or be used as a gas engine for power generation.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 usually comprises a plurality of cylinders, of which only one is designated by the reference numeral 12 in FIG.
  • a combustion chamber 14 of the cylinder 12 is limited by a piston 16.
  • Fuel enters the combustion chamber 14 through an injector 18, which is connected to a designated also as a rail fuel pressure accumulator 20.
  • Suction tube are formed.
  • the present in the combustion chamber 14 fuel-air mixture 22 is ignited by means of a laser pulse 24 which is emitted from an ignition laser 26 comprehensive ignition device 27 into the combustion chamber 14.
  • the ignition laser 26 comprehensive ignition device 27 into the combustion chamber 14.
  • a pumping light source 30 is controlled by a control unit 32, which also controls the injector 18.
  • the pumping light source 30 feeds several
  • the pumping light source 30 has a plurality of individual laser light sources 34, which are connected to a pulse power supply 36. Due to the presence of the plurality of individual laser light sources 34 is a quasi "distribution" of pump light to the various
  • Laser devices 26 realized so that no optical splitter or the like between the pumping light source 30 and the ignition lasers 26 are required.
  • the ignition laser 26 has a laser-active solid 44 with a passive Q-circuit 46, which together with a Einkoppelapt 42 and a
  • Auskoppelapt 48 forms an optical resonator. Under the influence of the pumping light source 30 generated pumping light generates the ignition laser 26 in a conventional manner a laser pulse 24, which is focused by a focusing lens 52 to one in the combustion chamber 14 ( Figure 1 a) located ignition point ZP. The components present in the housing 38 of the ignition laser 26 are separated from the combustion chamber 14 by a disk-shaped combustion chamber window 58.
  • Combustion chamber window 58 may be square or preferably round.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 different embodiments of laser devices 26 according to the invention are shown enlarged.
  • the combustion chamber 15 facing the end of the ignition laser 26 is shown.
  • the combustion chamber 14 (see FIG. 1 a) facing surface of the combustion chamber window 58 is provided with the reference numeral 60 in FIG.
  • the housing 38 is formed in two parts.
  • an inner part 62 is screwed to an outer part 64 of the housing 38.
  • the combustion chamber window 58 is sealingly clamped. Any additional required sealing elements are not shown in Figure 2. Since the outer part 64 and inner part 62 can be connected to one another by a thread 68, the contact pressure with which the combustion chamber window 58 is clamped between the inner part 62 and the shoulder 66 of the outer part 64 can be adjusted by a corresponding tightening torque. For welding or solder joints this is
  • the outer part 64 and the housing 38 have an external thread 70, which serves the ignition laser 26 in a cylinder head, not shown a
  • the external thread 70 does not lead to an end face 72 of the housing 38, but to let it end at a distance L in front of the end face 72.
  • the cross section of the housing 38, in particular of the outer part 64 is reduced in this area and thus the heat flow from the end face 72 into the combustion chamber facing away from the areas of the housing 38 is reduced.
  • the combustion chamber window 58 and, in particular, the surface 60 of the combustion chamber window 58 facing the combustion chamber heat up faster and thus the burnup temperature of 400 ° is reached faster.
  • a further constructive feature according to the invention for controlling or increasing the surface temperature of the combustion chamber window 58 is shown.
  • a heat conducting ring 74 is formed, which may be formed either integrally with the outer part 64 of the housing 38 or as a separate component made of a good thermal conductivity material, such as nickel or copper.
  • the heat conducting ring 74 for example, by soldering or welding to the housing 38 cohesively and thus good thermal conductivity to connect.
  • the skilletleitring 74 has effectively the task of a cooling fin, wherein he inventively heat from the combustion chamber in the housing 38 and thus also in the combustion chamber window 58 to initiate. It goes without saying that, due to the geometry and the dimensions of the heat conduction ring, further parameters for influencing the surface temperature or the operating temperature of the combustion chamber window are present. In principle, a large heat-transferring surface between heat-conducting ring 74 and the surrounding combustion air and the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber leads to increased heat transfer. A large mass or a large volume of politiciansleitrings leads to increased thermal inertia. These parameters can be used, on the one hand to allow rapid heating and on the other hand to achieve a certain thermal inertia, so that the maximum permissible surface temperature of the combustion chamber window 58 is not reached or exceeded under all operating conditions.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an ignition laser according to the invention
  • intermediate rings 76 and 78 are inserted between the housing 38 and the combustion chamber window.
  • These intermediate rings 76 and 78 consist of a poorly heat-conductive material, such as
  • Example mica However, all other materials which have poor thermal conductivity and sufficient temperature resistance are also suitable.
  • the first intermediate ring 76 and the second intermediate ring 78 can also be used individually, depending on the extent to which the heat conduction or heat dissipation within the ignition laser 26 is to be controlled.
  • the heat removal from the combustion chamber window into the inner part 62 can be controlled within wide limits.
  • Outer part 64 is inserted, the heat transfer from the housing 38 is reduced in the combustion chamber window 58.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an ignition laser 26 according to the invention.
  • the combustion chamber window 58 is constructed from two different materials. Concentric or coaxial with an optical axis 80 of the Ignition laser 26, the combustion chamber window 50 is made of a first material with optimized optical properties. This first area is provided with the reference number 82 in FIG.
  • the combustion chamber window 58 may be made of a crystalline sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ). Crystalline sapphire has a relatively high thermal conductivity of about 40 W / mK
  • the combustion chamber window 58 is made of another transparent material such as quartz, YAG or zirconium oxide.
  • quartz, YAG or zirconium oxide The materials mentioned are given by way of example and are not meant to be exhaustive. All these materials have in common that they have a significantly lower thermal conductivity than crystalline sapphire. Therefore, it is possible by the inventive design of the combustion chamber window 58 of two different materials to control the heat dissipation or the heat input into the combustion chamber window 58 within wide limits.
  • Ignition laser 26 can be adjusted by combining individual or several inventive features with respect to the operating temperature and the heating rate of the combustion chamber window 58 in a wide range of operating conditions.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un laser d'allumage (26), comprenant un solide (44) actif dans un laser, un boîtier (38) et une fenêtre de chambre de combustion (58), la valeur thermique du laser d'allumage (26) étant réglable de façon simple en fonction des exigences du moteur à combustion interne.
EP10722677A 2009-06-05 2010-05-26 Dispositif d'allumage par laser Withdrawn EP2438290A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910026794 DE102009026794A1 (de) 2009-06-05 2009-06-05 Laserzündeinrichtung
PCT/EP2010/057201 WO2010139577A1 (fr) 2009-06-05 2010-05-26 Dispositif d'allumage par laser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2438290A1 true EP2438290A1 (fr) 2012-04-11

Family

ID=42651079

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10722677A Withdrawn EP2438290A1 (fr) 2009-06-05 2010-05-26 Dispositif d'allumage par laser

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8919313B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2438290A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5496326B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009026794A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010139577A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011087192A1 (de) * 2011-11-28 2013-05-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse für eine Laserzündkerze
DE102009026794A1 (de) 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündeinrichtung
DE102010064023A1 (de) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102011079017A1 (de) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Laserzündkerze
AT511930A1 (de) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Laserzündkerze
CN103278331A (zh) * 2013-05-10 2013-09-04 天津大学 一种用于观察火焰与压力波相互作用的定容燃烧装置
CN103267120A (zh) * 2013-05-10 2013-08-28 天津大学 一种用于定容燃烧弹的高温高压密封窗
KR101706550B1 (ko) * 2015-01-20 2017-02-14 김남성 고효율 레이저 점화장치
EP3480584A1 (fr) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sonde optique
US10563605B2 (en) * 2018-03-13 2020-02-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for reducing vehicle emissions
US11035335B2 (en) * 2019-11-14 2021-06-15 Caterpillar Inc. Laser ignition system

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JPS58190576A (ja) 1982-04-29 1983-11-07 Nippon Soken Inc 内燃機関の点火装置
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DE102010029347A1 (de) * 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserinduzierte Fremdzündung für eine Brennkraftmaschine

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2012528976A (ja) 2012-11-15
DE102009026794A1 (de) 2010-12-09
JP5496326B2 (ja) 2014-05-21
US8919313B2 (en) 2014-12-30
US20120132167A1 (en) 2012-05-31
WO2010139577A1 (fr) 2010-12-09

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