EP2430645A1

EP2430645A1 - High-voltage switching unit

Info

Publication number: EP2430645A1
Application number: EP11727691A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Raimund Buhl; Manfred Binder; Franz Hiemstra; Volker Kopke
Original assignee: Ipt International Power & Technology GmbH
Current assignee: Ipt International Power & Technology GmbH
Priority date: 2010-06-23
Filing date: 2011-06-21
Publication date: 2012-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-21
Also published as: WO2011161121A1; DE202010009448U1; CN102947914A; EP2430645B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-voltage switching unit for switching electrical contacts (9, 10, 11) of a conductor, comprising an isolating switch element (5, 12, 12a) having a first isolating contact element (5, 12), which can be moved with a component (5) by means of a drive, and at least one second isolating contact element (12a), which can be brought in electrical contact with the first isolating contact element (5, 12) by moving same, and further comprising a load switch element (14) having a first and a second load contact element (13, 15), which are disposed in a medium for quenching and/or preventing a switch arc, wherein the first isolating contact element (5, 12) is designed such that, during a movement thereof triggered by the drive, it effects a movement of the first load contact element (13) for closing or opening the load switch element (14) relative to the second load contact element (15). The high-voltage switching unit is characterized in that the first isolating contact element (5, 12) comprises a metal rail (5), which is disposed on a rotatable disk connected to the drive by means of a rotational axis, and a first sliding contact (12), which is connected to a contact conductor (9, 10) and can engage on the metal rail (5), or is disconnected therefrom, depending on the rotational angle position of the disk (3). Such a high-voltage switching device can be switched particularly easily, and a plurality of such high-voltage switching devices can be switched by a common drive.

Description

High voltage switching device

Technisches GebietTechnical area

The invention relates to a high voltage switching device for switching electrical contacts of a conductor according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

In the high-voltage switching technology - depending on the switching requirements - different types of switches are distinguished. High voltage in the sense of this application is any voltage above 1,000 volts (1 kV), which means in particular AC voltages (an application is not limited to AC voltages).
A rough distinction can be made between such switching elements that can only switch no-load currents, which are collectively referred to herein as "disconnecting elements", and those switching elements that are capable of switching load currents, which are divided once again in the high-voltage technology in load switch and circuit breakers, the latter being provided for higher voltages and currents, in particular must be able to switch in the event of a short circuit. For the purposes of this application, for the sake of simplicity, however, all the switching elements which are also capable of switching load currents are summarized under the term "load switching element".
There are in the high-voltage engineering safety regulations that provide on different network levels that circuit breakers must be present, which - often in addition to the load switching elements - have a visible switching position in which the actual separation of a line section to be separated from the network is shown by simple visual inspection. The corresponding visible separation line is in Germany e.g. determined according to DIN / VDE 0105.
Depending on the field of application and the voltage to be switched, load switches are often operated in an inert gas atmosphere of SF 6 in the region of the medium voltage level (up to approximately 52 kV), which quickly extinguishes the switching arc generated during the switching operation and thus prevents destruction of the switch. Although in such a construction with advantage in a load switch itself also prescribed by the DIN visible separation distance can be realized (one speaks of a so-called load disconnector), but an atmosphere of SF 6 is problematic in various respects.
Although the gas itself is non-toxic and unreactive under normal circumstances, this gas is an enormously powerful greenhouse gas. In terms of mass, this gas has more than 20,000 times more harmful effects than the commonly known as greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In addition, SF 6 (sulfur hexafluoride) is involved in the degradation and destruction of the ozone layer. Furthermore, it has not yet been conclusively explored which possible decomposition products are formed in the SF 6 atmosphere when a switching arc is extinguished, which in turn may have harmful effects.
It is desirable in this respect to replace SF 6 encapsulated load switch or load switchgear by other switching means. In this case, for example, the vacuum interrupters already used in the higher power range can be used. In these components, two contact elements are arranged via a metallic bellows or similar device movable in an evacuated space, typically a ceramic tube, which form the electrical contact when moving towards each other. Due to the high vacuum with very low residual pressure, the formation of a switching arc is prevented here, or it breaks down again in the absence of ionizable gas immediately after a natural zero crossing.
The problem with these elements is that a visible separation can not be realized here. If vacuum interrupters are used in circuit breakers, which must also include a circuit breaker, so a circuit breaker must be provided separately and locked with complicated safety interlocks to the switching position of the circuit breaker. For in a switching operation, the circuit breaker must first be closed before the load switch can be closed, since otherwise the switching arc on unsafe switch anfiele. Conversely, when opening the connection, the load switch must first be opened before the disconnector can be brought into an open position. In known solutions, as already mentioned, load switch and disconnector are moved independently of each other via their own drive, these drives are locked against each other to comply with the above safety-related switching sequences.
From DE 35 28 770 A1 discloses a medium voltage switchgear with a movable via a common linear drive combination of a circuit breaker and a vacuum interrupter is known. In this known medium-voltage switchgear the circuit breaker is arranged in a gas-tight housing, which is filled with an insulating medium, in particular SF 6 .

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

There is now a need to further develop a high-voltage switching device mentioned above in such a way that it unites a load switching element and a disconnecting switching element in a simple manner and without the need for a complex safety interlock, so that an increased degree of freedom is given with regard to the design of the power switching element, but at the same time Safety requirement of a visible separation distance is met. In this case, the use of SF 6 or another formed by an artificial atmosphere insulating medium in the region of the switching element can be omitted.
This object is achieved by a high voltage switching device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of such a high voltage switching device are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 10.
According to the invention, in a high-voltage switching device which contains a disconnecting switching element and a load switching element in the manner specified in the preamble of claim 1, the first disconnecting contact element of the disconnecting switching element is designed such that, in the event of a movement triggered by the drive, in any event one of its components will be the first load contact element for closing or closing Opening the load switching element relative to the second load contact element moves or triggers such a movement. This movement of the first load contact element through the first disconnect contact element or through one of its components is particularly preferably directly and directly, ie without the interposition of any gear or other transmission means, but can also be done by the operation of a trigger mechanism.
Further, the high-voltage switching device includes a disk connected to a drive via a rotation axis. On this disc, a metal rail is arranged, which forms part of the first separating contact element as well as a connected to a contact conductor first sliding contact. The second isolating contact element has a second sliding contact, which also acts on the metal rail. Depending on the rotational angle position of the disk, the first sliding contact can act on the metal rail or is separated from it. By rotating the disc about the axis of rotation so the isolating contact element is closed when the second sliding contact abuts against the metal rail. The disconnect contact element is in the open position, when the second sliding contact is lifted from the metal rail, so the disc is in a rotational position in which the metal rail with the second sliding contact is not located in overlapping position.
By this embodiment of the invention, a separation between the load switching element and disconnect switching element is effected, which separation allows a greater freedom in the selection of the load switching element, in particular the choice of a vacuum interrupter as a load switching element allows (see claim 11), without the two switching elements disconnecting element and load switching element with independent drives, which in turn would require a complicated safety interlock. Rather, in accordance with the invention, the first isolating contact element is designed so that it also moves the first load contact element for switching the load switching element during its movement by the drive at the same time or triggers its movement. As a load switching element other elements can be selected in addition to a vacuum interrupter, eg switching chambers with oil or SF 6 as the extinguishing medium. If SF 6 or oil is selected, then this medium should preferably be housed in a similar encapsulated structure, as in the vacuum interrupter, on the one hand to minimize the amount of SF 6 required and on the other to prevent escape of this medium.
In this case, a plurality of inventive high-voltage switching elements can be arranged one behind the other and operated with a single drive shaft, which penetrates all disks and rotates due to the choice of the disc as part of the separating switching element. Thus, e.g. the three phases of a high voltage line to be switched with a drive shaft.
The structure according to the invention allows the omission of any extinguishing medium, in particular so of SF 6 , in the region of the separating switching element, which can be arranged without special encapsulation in air.
The switching movement of the first load contact element controlled by the first disconnect contact element is expediently controlled and the said elements are designed such that first the disconnect switching element closes when a contact of the high-voltage switch device is closed, before the load switching element for transmitting the electrical load is closed, in the opening case initially the load switching element opens and the disconnect switching element then only opens the no-load current, without switching energy and possibly triggering a switching arc that could destroy the load switching element.
The metal rail is advantageously designed as provided in claim 3. Accordingly, it has in the radial direction seen from the axis of rotation of an extent along which the second sliding contact can be moved. Further, means are provided on the disc and the second isolating contact element, which cause a radial displacement of the second isolating contact element, so as to move the first load contact element for switching the load switching element. In other words - seen in a radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation - the second isolating contact element arranged to be displaceable outwards and acts on the first load contact element. On the disc corresponding means are arranged, which cause a displacement of the second separating contact element, wherein the metal rail is sufficiently wide, that is expanded in the radial direction, to maintain the electrical contact between the second sliding contact and the metal rail along the travel path of the second separating contact element.
Means for radially displacing the first load contact element may be provided, which move a guide path on the disc and on the guide path, comprising engaging or at least indirectly acting on the first load contact element. These rollers can be arranged on the second isolating contact element and move it as described above, so as to effect a displacement of the first load contact element. In this embodiment variant rolls when moving the disc, the second separating contact element with its rollers on the Führungsungskulissenbahn, which is preferably designed so that they only in an in the direction of rotation after an angular position in which a sliding contact of another component of the first separation contact element to the metal rail engages and thus the disconnect switch element is closed, lying angle position causes a displacement of the second isolating contact element radially outwards, in which this second isolating contact element has continuous contact with the metal rail and so the first load contact element is brought into electrical connection with the second load contact element, then the To close the load switching element according to the invention in high voltage switching devices.
It is also possible to attach the rollers directly to the first load contact element or to a component rigidly connected thereto so as to shift the first load contact element directly. In this case, the first load contact element and the second disconnect contact element move relative to one another, the transmission of the electrical current between these elements can then take place via other connection paths than a radially displaceable sliding contact.
The guide track path can be designed on the disc so that during a switching operation in the opening direction initially the second separating contact element on the Führungskulschnittsbahn so unrolls that opening of the load switching element is made possible before the disconnect switching element by releasing a component of the first disconnect contact element of the metal rail in the open position device.
To ensure that in the switching position in which the load switching element is to be closed, here also a circuit closure, and compensate for corresponding tolerances, can be advantageously in the range of the switching position or the switching positions in which or in which the load contact element is closed, be provided with respect to the axis of rotation radially outwardly spring-loaded, relative to the rest of the guide track path movable plungers (see claim 5). Alternatively or additionally, the guide track path may have an elevation which causes it to move radially outward before reaching the closed position of the first load contact element. This movement ensures by a certain pressing of the first load contact element against the second load contact element in the switching operation, a safe and reliable electrical connection in the on position of the load switching element.
As an alternative to an embodiment with a guide track, the means for radially displacing the second disconnect contact element may also comprise permanent magnets arranged on the disk on the second disconnect contact element and directed towards one another with poles of the same name. Are on the disc corresponding permanent magnets arranged so that they are in an angular position in which the load switching element is closed, arranged in sufficient proximity to the arranged on the second separating contact element, with the same pole on the arranged on the disc permanent magnets facing permanent magnets, the Movement of the second separating contact element and thus initiated the switching process for the load switching element by the repulsion of the permanent magnets. The skilled person must provide only sufficiently strong permanent magnets here to safely trigger the switching process and perform.
Conveniently, the first load contact element is acted upon by a restoring force in an open position in which it is electrically separated from the second load contact element. This ensures that only at a desired switching operation, in which due to the movement of the first separating contact element, the first load contact element is moved to the second load contact element, here the electrical connection is closed. The restoring force can be exerted in particular by a spring, but other possibilities may be provided, e.g. the use of a weight force or the like.
In this case, according to one embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage switching device can also have latching means which hold the first load-contact element in a closing position against the restoring force. In this variant, means for releasing the locking means are then arranged on the first separating contact element, which release the locking means in a switching position of the high-voltage switching device in which the first isolating contact element is in electrical contact with the second isolating contact element. In this variant, the first load contact element during opening is not carried directly by the first disconnect contact element and follows its movement, as is the case when closing the load switching element (ie when moving the first load contact element against the second load contact element). Rather, the disconnection takes place by releasing the catch connection catching the first load contact element when closing the load switching element and abruptly due to the restoring force (for example exerted by a spring element) acting on the first load contact element. This ensures a particularly short turn-off time, which helps to further suppress the formation of a discharge arc in the load switching element. On the first isolating contact element or on a component carrying it, this can be done e.g. a corresponding means, such as a driving lug or a comparable projection, be arranged, which causes a release of the same from the first load contact element upon abutting on an element of the latching means. It is only important that the opening of the load switching element takes place at a time when the disconnect switching element is still closed, so that carried out under load disconnection safely and reliably exclusively in the load switching element, which is set up to suppress or delete a switching arc, takes place ,
Advantageously, the high-voltage switching device according to the invention has three connections, namely a connection to a busbar, a connection to an outgoing line branch and a grounding connection, wherein the load switching element is arranged at the connection to the outgoing line branch. In this case, the outgoing line branch can be electrically connected via the disconnecting switching element and the load switching element selectively connected to the busbar, electrically connected to the ground or disconnected from all electrical connections.
Since the three phases of the three-phase current used in these areas typically have to be switched simultaneously for a complete high-voltage switch, a high-voltage switch is formed from three high-voltage switching devices constructed according to the invention. Conveniently, these three high-voltage switching devices are then arranged so that they are operated by one and the same drive, using a disk provided with a metal rail, these discs of all three high-voltage switching devices preferably sit on a common axis of rotation by a single drive (whether motor or manually).

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following described embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. Showing:
Figure 1 shows a high-voltage switching device according to the invention in a first embodiment variant in cross-section in a first switching position with separate from other electrical connections outgoing line branch.
Fig. 2 in a comparable view, the embodiment of a high voltage switching device of Figure 1 in a second switching position in which the outgoing line branch is connected to the busbar.
Fig. 3 shows the embodiment of a high voltage switching device of Figure 1 in a comparable view in a third switching position in which the outgoing line branch is electrically connected to earth.
4 shows a second embodiment of a high-voltage switching device according to the invention in a sectional illustration comparable to the previous figures in a first switching position, in which the outgoing line branch is completely separated from all electrical connections;
Fig. 5 shows the embodiment for a high voltage switching device of Figure 4 in similar view in a switching position in which an outgoing line branch is connected to the busbar.
Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of the high voltage switching device of Figure 4 in similar view in a further switching position in which the outgoing line branch is connected to ground.
7 shows a high-voltage switch for the three phases, formed from three high-voltage switching devices arranged one behind the other according to the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3 in a partially cut away view.
8 shows a three-dimensional view of the high-voltage switch according to FIG. 7 with completely closed housings;
9 shows a view comparable to FIG. 7 of a high-voltage switch formed from high-voltage switching devices according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 6;
FIG. 10 shows a high-voltage switch according to FIG. 9 with completely closed housings; FIG.
Fig. 11 in two representations a and b schematically the essential elements of a high voltage switch in a third embodiment in a first, two switching contacts connecting switch position, wherein in the illustration of Fig. 11b, a part of a contact rail is cut away for illustration and better illustration of the underlying Elements;
Fig. 12 in two views a and b the same essential elements of the high voltage switch in the embodiment variant of FIG. 11 in a second switching position in which a second contact pair is electrically connected to each other, again here in the representation b in the figure, the contact rail partially is cut away to better illustrate the underlying structure;
13 shows in two illustrations a and b the high-voltage switch according to the embodiment variant shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 with the essential elements in an intermediate position in which the switch is opened with both the opened disconnecting switching element and the opened power switching element; Again, in the representation b, a part of the contact rail is cut away again to better clarify the underlying structures;
14 shows the high-voltage switch from FIGS. 11 to 13 with the essential elements in a switching position in which the isolating switching element is closed, but the power switching element is still open, wherein in the illustration of FIG. 14b the contact rail is again partially cut away to clarify it lying structures;
Fig. 15 in two views a and b, in the view b again with partially cut away contact rail, one of the intermediate position shown in Figures 14a and b similar switching position with respect to the preparation of the switching contact for the second contact pairing;
16 shows in a time sequence the sequence in the high-voltage switch according to FIGS 11 to 15 when switching a separation process to illustrate the caused by releasing a locking means fast turn-off of the load switching element. and
Fig. 17 in a detailed view of the triggering device for the locking element as part of the latching device.

Weg(e) zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay (s) for carrying out the invention

In the figures, a total of three embodiments of a high-voltage switching device according to the invention are shown in a schematic representation, as well as high voltage switch with for the three phases of the three-phase current successively arranged high-voltage devices of this type.
In the figures 1 to 3, to which reference is first made, a first embodiment of a high-voltage switching device according to the invention in three different switching positions is shown. This high-voltage switching device 1 comprises, arranged in a housing 2, a disc 3. This disc 3 has centrally an internally toothed opening 4, through which the axis of rotation or drive shaft of a drive can be passed rotationally relative to the disc.
The disc 3 is formed in the radial direction, as seen from the opening, with different extensions. Over an angular range of slightly more than 180 °, a portion of further expansion, in which a metal rail 5 is inserted as contact extends. Further, a Führungsungskulissenbahn 6 is formed on the disc 3, in which a total of two in the radial direction outwardly movable and each biased by a spring 7 radially outward thrust pieces 8 are arranged.
A total of three contacts are arranged around the center of the opening 4, in each case offset by 120 °, namely a busbar contact 9, a grounding contact 10 and a branch contact 11. All these contacts have sliding contacts 12, 12a, which are arranged in a position in which they depending on the angular position of the disc 3, the metal rail 5 can contact.
The branch contact 11, which also forms the second isolating switch contact, is directly electrically and mechanically connected to a first load switch contact 13 of a vacuum interrupter 14. This first load switch contact 13 is axially movable in the vacuum interrupter 14 in the direction of a second load switch contact 15 fixed relative to the vacuum interrupter 14 away from this. For this purpose, the branch contact 11 as a whole, ie with its sliding contacts 12a in the radial direction with respect to the central opening 4 and thus in the axial direction of the vacuum interrupter 14 movable. The first load switching contact 13 is biased by means of a spring (not shown here) in an open position in which it is separated from the second load switching contact 15.
The branch contact 11 is fixedly connected to rollers 16 which run along the Führungsungskulissenbahn 6 along. Thus, controlled by the guide track path 6, a movement of the branch contact 11 in the radial direction is caused when the disc 3 is moved through a through the opening 4 projecting through the axis of rotation or shaft. In this case, the extent of the metal rail 5 in the radial direction (relative to the opening 4) is selected such that a displacement of the branch contact 11 can take place in this direction without the sliding contacts 12a assigned to this branch contact 11 coming loose from the metal rail 5.
In Fig. 1, the high-voltage switching device 1 is shown in a position in which the branch is completely separated electrically and connected to no other line piece. Although the metal rail 5 is connected to the branch contact 11 in connection, but is not connected by another component of the first separating contact element, namely the sliding contacts 12 either of the busbar contact 9 or the grounding contact 10. At the same time, the first load switching contact 13 is released from the second load switching contact 15, so that the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 14 is located in an open position. The open position of the separating switching element formed by the sliding contacts 12, 12a and the metal rail 5 can now be made visible in accordance with the standards by either a housing cover of the high voltage switching device 1 is made transparent and thus immediately visible, or by an opening 4 through the projecting axis of rotation or switching shaft is provided with corresponding markings that indicate the position of the disc 3 directly visually.
2, a further switching position of the high voltage switching device 1 is shown. This was achieved by rotating the disc 3 from the position shown in Fig. 1 clockwise by 60 °. In this position, an electrical contact between the busbar and the branch line is made, the busbar contact 9 is connected with its sliding contacts 12 via the metal rail 5 and the sliding contacts 12a with the branch contact 11 and wherein the directly to the sliding contacts 12a electrically connected load switching contact 13 in the vacuum interrupter 14 is in electrical connection with the second load switching contact 15. When moving the disc 3 in the switching position shown here, first, and before closing the load switching contacts 13, 15 takes place in the vacuum interrupter 14, between the sliding contacts 12 of the busbar contact 9 and the sliding contacts 12a of the branch contact 11 made an electrical connection by the metal rail 5 is detected by both sliding contacts 12, 12a. This is ensured since the circumference, along which the metal rail 5 extends, is correspondingly greater than the angular spacing of 120 ° which exists between busbar contact 9 and branch contact 11. In this way, first the isolating switching element is closed. In a further movement of the disc 3 in the clockwise direction then moves the branch contact 11 with its rollers 16 on the sliding guide track 6 so far that a movement of the entire branch contact 11 is caused in the radial direction to the outside, so that the load switching contact 13 against the At the end of the path on the guide track path 6 of the branch contact 11 runs with its rollers on the pressure piece 8, which is loaded by the spring 7 radially outwardly presses and so for a second load switch contact 15 is pressed to close the contact in the vacuum interrupter safe circuit closure in the vacuum interrupter 14 by a possibly still existing closing path is safely bridged.
In Fig. 3, a further switching position of the high voltage switching device 1 is shown, which is reached from the position shown in Fig. 1 by turning by 60 ° counterclockwise. In this switching position, a connection of the branch to the ground is made by the grounding contact 10 is connected to the branch contact 11 and the load switching contacts 13 and 15 are brought into contact with each other. Similar to the switching to the position shown in Fig. 2 is also here first on the sliding contacts 12 of the earthing contact 10 and the sliding contacts 12a of the branch contact 11, which are electrically connected by means of the metal rail 5, the separation switching element closed before a further movement of the Disc 3, the rollers 16 run on the Führungskulissenbahn 6 so that the branch contact 11 is displaced radially outward and thus connect the first load switching contact 13 in the vacuum interrupter 14 with the second load switching contact 15. Also in this switching position, the pressure piece 8, which is biased by the spring 7 is biased radially outwards, ensures a secure contact closure in the vacuum interrupter 14th
It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that for the high voltage switching device shown here, a mechanical interlock must be provided to prevent the switching device from rotating to a shift position in which the busbar contact 9 can make electrical contact with the ground contact 10. This lock will usually be provided in the drive mechanism, which is not shown here.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 to 6, there is shown an alternative embodiment of a high voltage switching device 20 according to the present invention. Where the elements of such a device 20 correspond to the previously shown elements and are formed the same, the same reference numerals are used in this figure. Thus, the high voltage switching device 20 comprises a housing 2 in which a disc 3 is rotatably arranged, which has in its center an internally toothed opening 4 for connection to a rotation axis or drive shaft. Again, along the disc 3, a metal rail 5 as a contacting element and part of the separation switching element, more precisely, the first separation switching contact, is provided. Also located, each at 120 ° with respect to the center of the opening 4 spaced a busbar contact 9, a grounding contact 10 and a radially outwardly displaceable branch contact 11, which is electrically and mechanically connected to a first load switching contact 13 in a vacuum interrupter 14, in turn with a fixed second power switch contact 15 can be brought into electrical connection. In this illustration explicitly drawn is also the spring 17 can be seen, which forces the first load switching contact 13 in an open position in which this seen in the axial direction is maximally removed from the second load switching contact 15 and thus the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 14 opens.
In the individual contacts busbar contact 9, ground contact 10 and branch contact 11 turn sliding contacts 12, 12a are arranged, which engage the metal rail 5 and so can make electrical contact with each other.
It is different in this embodiment variant that the branch contact 11 has no role and the disc 3 no sliding guide track. Rather, in this embodiment 3 permanent magnets 19 are arranged at certain positions of the disc, and a permanent magnet 18 is fixed to the branch contact 11. In this case, the permanent magnets 18 and 19 are aligned so that the permanent magnets 19 each point with the same pole radially outward and the permanent magnet 18 also with the same pole in the radial direction with respect to the opening 4 points inwards. Thus, therefore, the permanent magnets 18 and 19 may face each other in a way that poles of the same name meet each other and thus cause a repulsion.
In Fig. 4, the high-voltage switching device 20 is shown in one of the Fig. 1 according to the above-described embodiment comparative position in which both the disconnect element is open by the sliding contacts 12 of the contacts busbar contact 9 and grounding contact 10 are released from the metal rail 5, as Also at the same time the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 14 is located in the open position, where the first load switching contact 13 is separated from the second load switching contact 15 and removed. For this open position, the same applies to Fig. 1, namely that a corresponding line of sight is formed in accordance with the standards, which can be made visible in the manner described above.
5, the high-voltage switching device 20 is now shown in a comparable position in FIG. 2, in which the busbar contact 9 is electrically connected to the branch contact 11. For this purpose, first the disconnecting switching element is closed by contacting the sliding contacts 12 of the busbar contact 9 with the metal rail 5 and the sliding contacts 12a of the branch contact 11 with just this metal rail 5, then is at existing switching closure of the disconnecting switching element by further rotation of the disc 3 and moving the permanent magnet 19 in the region of the permanent magnet 18 and the repulsive force between the same poles 18 and 19 opposing permanent magnets 18 and 19 pressed radially outward with respect to the opening 4 and thereby the first load switching contact 13 has been connected to the second load switching contact 15 in the vacuum interrupter 14. Now there is an electrical connection between the busbar contact 9 and the branch contact.
6, a switching position corresponding to the switching position shown for the first exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 is shown for the high-voltage switching device 20, in which the branch contact 11 is connected to the grounding contact 10. Here, too, the metal rail 5 first ensures closing of the disconnecting switching element, in that the sliding contacts 12 of the earthing contact 10 and the sliding contacts 12a of the branch contact 11 come into contact simultaneously with the metal rail 5, only after that is the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 14 through the repulsive force of the permanent magnets 19 and 18 and the resulting movement of the first load switching contact 13 is closed.
In Figures 7 and 8, the construction of a complete high-voltage switch for the three phases of a three-phase current is shown, as it results in the direction of the openings 4 penetrating axis of rotation or drive shaft successively provided arrangement of three high-voltage switching devices 1. All three high-voltage switching devices are operated here with a single drive, so that all three phases of the high voltage are switched simultaneously accordingly. Of course, it is also possible to connect the series arrangement of a multiple of three such Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtungen1 at several branches (three-phase) at the same time with a drive. In this case, the illustration with partially opened housing, in Fig. 8, an arrangement of the voltage switching devices with closed housing is shown in Fig. 7. Likewise, the high-voltage switching device according to the invention can also be used in a two-phase AC voltage network as a single-pole switch or in a two-combination for connecting both phases of a branch or for switching conductors of a DC voltage network.
In FIGS. 9 and 10, a similar arrangement of the full-value high-voltage switch for all three phases is shown, as it can be constructed from high-voltage switching devices 20 according to the second embodiment, also arranged on a single axis of rotation or drive shaft.
In the figures 11 to 17, a third embodiment of a high-voltage switching device 21 according to the invention is shown with the functionally essential components. This embodiment will be described below with reference to the respective figures, wherein like elements in the figures are identical and function in their functionality as described. In this respect, with regard to the representation of individual figures, to which individual elements and their mode of operation are not described in detail, the corresponding description of the elements in the other figurative representations can be accessed and referred to.
The high-voltage switching device 21 also has a disk 23, which is mounted in a housing (not illustrated here) and rotatable about an axis of rotation 22. This disk 23 is located with the axis of rotation 22 in the center between three each by 120 ° angularly offset contact terminals, namely a busbar terminal 24, a terminal 25 to an outgoing line branch and a ground terminal 26th
On the disc 23 is positionally fixed to the disc 23, a conductive material, in particular copper, formed contact rail, which rotates with the disc 23. The contact rail 27 has thickened contact heads 28 at its two end regions, which are seen in their longitudinal direction.
In the high-voltage switching device 21 sliding contacts 29, 30 and 31 are also arranged at 120 ° about the axis of rotation 22, wherein these are positioned so that in each case two of the sliding contacts 29, 30 and 31 with the contact heads 28 of the contact rail 27 in electrical contact can reach. The sliding contact 29 is assigned to the busbar connection 24, the sliding contact 30 leads to a connected to the terminal 25 to the outgoing line branch vacuum interrupter 32, the sliding contact 31 contacts the ground terminal 26th
On the disc 23, a gate guide track 33 is further formed, on which a connected to a first load contact element of the vacuum interrupter 32 roller 34 runs and rolls.
In FIG. 11, the high-voltage switching device 21 is shown in a switching position in which the busbar is connected via the busbar connection 24 to the outgoing line branch via the connection 25 to the same. For this purpose, via a formed in the high-voltage switching device 21 in this embodiment disconnecting element in the form of sliding contacts 29 and 30 in conjunction with the contact rail 27 closed, also acting as a power switching element vacuum interrupter 32 is also closed by the first power contact element, moved over the on the slide track 33 running roller 34 and the rigidly connected to this roller 34 switch punch 35 is pressed against a located in the vacuum interrupter second load contact element and brought into electrical contact with this. In this switching position, electrical current can flow from the busbar to the outgoing leg of the line. To recognize in Fig. 11, two coil springs 36 and 37, which are stretched in this switching position and apply a force acting in the direction of a switch-off of the first load contact element restoring force on the switching die 35. With a generally provided with the reference numeral 39, described in more detail in subsequent descriptions to the other figures latching means having latching elements 40 which engage in notches or recesses 38 (see Fig. 13) on the switching die 35, the switching punch 35 and thus held the first load contact element in the closed position and against the force applied by the coil springs 36 and 37 restoring force.
In Fig. 12 a comparable Fig. 11 switching position is shown, in which only the disc 23 is rotated by 240 ° counterclockwise to connect the connection to the outgoing line branch 25 to the ground terminal 26 in this switching position.
In Fig. 13, an open position of the high-voltage switching device 21 according to this third embodiment is shown. Again, the presentation is again limited to the essential elements of this switching device. It can be clearly seen here that the disk 23 is rotated into a position in which the two contact heads 28 of the contact rail 27 are in electrical connection with none of the sliding contacts 29, 30 or 31. The isolating switching element is thus, and this can be achieved by e.g. Choice of transparent housing made visible from the outside, in an open position. Of the sliding contacts 29, 30, 31 no one is contacted.
The roller 34 is located on a closer to the axis of rotation 22 position on the Führungsungskulissenbahn 33, the switching punch 35 and with him the first load contact element of the vacuum interrupter 32 is retracted and thus the vacuum interrupter 32 also in an open position. Accordingly, the latching elements 40 are released from the notches 38 in the switching punch 35. The coil springs 36 and 37 are relaxed, have driven the first load contact element in the Ausschalttrichtung. Can be seen in particular in FIG. 13b arranged on the disc 23 outside the guide slot 33 driving cam 41, whose function will be described below. A similar driving cam 41 is located on the disc in symmetrical positioning in a concealed below the contact head 28 shown in Fig. 13b right. The driving cam 41 located in this position can be seen in FIG. 14b. FIGS. 13b and 14b also show elevations 42 arranged in the slide tracks 33 in a region below the contact heads 28.
In FIG. 14 in the illustrations a and b, similar to FIG. 15, a position of the high-voltage switching device 21 is shown as it exists shortly before the overall closed position is reached. In this case, Fig. 14 shows a position shortly before establishing a complete circuit closure between the outgoing line branch and the ground terminal, for grounding the line branch, e.g. for the purpose of maintenance work to be performed thereon, whereas FIG. 15 shows a corresponding switch position shortly before the complete establishment of a circuit closure between the busbar terminal and the outgoing line branch for covering this line branch with mains voltage.
In both figures, it can be clearly seen that in a switching position in which the roller 34 is still rolling on a section of the guide track 33 closer to the axis of rotation 22, the widened contact heads 28 of the contact rail 27 are already in contact with the respective sliding contacts (30 and 31 in FIG Fig. 14 or 29 and 30 in Fig. 15) are in contact. In both representations, therefore, the circuit breaker element is already in a closed switch position, while the circuit breaker element in the form of the vacuum tube 32 is still located in an open switching position. Only by a further rotation of the disc 23 in the counterclockwise direction in Fig. 14 and in the clockwise direction in Fig. 15, the roller 34 is moved further away from the axis of rotation 22 to the outside by the guide on the sliding guide track 33, whereby the switching punch 35 after on the outside, is pressed away from the axis of rotation 22, against the force exerted by the coil springs 36 and 37 restoring force until the locking means 39 engages with the locking elements 40 in the notches 38 of the switching punch 35 and the power switching element, more precisely its first load contact element in the closed position holds. In this continuation of the path, the roller 34 passes over the elevation 42 in the Führungsungskulissenbahn 33, which causes an additional overstroke on the order of 2 to 3 mm outwards, ie away from the axis of rotation 22, which ensures that the contact even after several switching operations and a corresponding wear of the switch contacts in the vacuum tube 32 safely comes about. Following this elevation 42, the guide track path 33 drops again in the direction of the axis of rotation 22. This elevation 42 causes a closing of the power switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 32 with an excessive at the beginning of the closing force, so that an electrically conductive and secure contact between the both contact elements in the vacuum interrupter 32 is ensured and the risk of a Schaltentladungsbildung is further reduced. Since the process for the final connection of the two terminals is completed only by the closing in the vacuum interrupter 32, it is sufficient to equip them for deleting a possible switching arc or to prevent the same. The separating switching element in the form of arranged on the disc 23 contact rail 27 and the associated sliding contacts 29, 30 and 31, however, may be arranged in air, without an extinguishing medium such as SF 6 must be present.
16, the sequence of the switch-off operation of the vacuum interrupter 32 is shown in four successive switching positions of the high-voltage switching device 21 according to this embodiment. In Fig. 16a, a switching position is shown in which both the disconnecting switching element and the power switching element are closed and the outgoing line branch is electrically connected to the busbar. The locking elements 40 engage in the notches 38 of the switching punch 35 and hold it in the closed switching position of the vacuum interrupter 32. In this respect, this sectional view corresponds to the switching position shown in Fig. 11. Now, if the disk 23 is moved counterclockwise to open the electrical connection, the disconnect switching element remains electrically closed, since further the contact heads 28 are in communication with the sliding contacts. The roller 34 leaves the slide track 33, since the switching punch 35 is held by the still latched locking elements 40 in the closed position and against the restoring force of the coil springs (not shown here). This can be seen in FIG. 16b. There is also (dashed below the contact head 28 shown in the figure above) to recognize how the driving cam 41 engages in this position to a release lever 43 of the locking means 39. The release lever 43 is mounted at a pivot point 44. In the further movement of the disc 23 in the counterclockwise direction of the driving cam 41 moves the end of the release lever 43, where it engages outwardly, whereby an located beyond the bearing point 44 located end 45 of the release lever 43 pivots inwards. This in turn acts on an end 46 of the latching element 40, so that a latching end 48 of the latching element 40 opposite this end 46, which is located opposite a pivot point 47, is pivoted outwards and out of the notch 38.
In a further rotational movement of the disc 23 then jumps, as shown in Fig. 16d, the switching punch 35 driven by the force of the coil springs not shown in the direction of the rotation axis 22 back, the roller 34 again comes into contact with the Führungsungskulissenbahn 33rd This is the opening operation of the vacuum interrupter, which is ensured by the rapid disengagement of the locking elements 40 and the force of the coil springs a short shift. It should be noted here that the location of the driving cam on the disc 23 is selected so that the described triggering operation for releasing the load contact elements from each other (opening the vacuum interrupter) in the course of this required travel path of the disc is performed and process takes place in such a span, in the permanent permanently connected by the contact heads 28 still applied to the sliding contacts the separating switching element is still closed. The actual switched off with electrical power switching process thus takes place exclusively in the vacuum interrupter.
In FIGS. 17 a and b, the elements of the latching means 39 are shown enlarged again (in each case in a view of a front and a rear side).
To recognize here is once again the interaction between the individual elements, the deflected at the pivot points 44 release levers 43 which act with their ends 45 on ends 46 of the locking elements 40 to this in a spreading of the release lever 43 from a latching holding position into a release position to move outside. In this case, the locking means 39 are biased by springs 50, 51 in a position in which the locking elements 40 are directed towards each other at a small distance, ie in a detent position in which the locking elements 40 engage in located in their area of action notches 38 in this. About teeth 49 ensures that when the driving cam 41 engages one of the locking lever 43 and this entrains, both locking lever and thus both locking elements 40 are moved equally outward.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 high-voltage switching device
2 housing
3 disc
4 opening
5 metal rail
6 slotted guide track
7 spring
8 Pressure piece
9 busbar Contact
10 grounding contact
11 branch Contact
12, 12a sliding contact
13 first load switching contact
14 vacuum interrupter
15 second load switching contact
16 role
17 spring
18 permanent magnet
19 permanent magnet
20 high voltage switching device
21 high voltage switching device
22 axis of rotation
23 disc
24 busbar connection
25 Connection to outgoing line branch
26 Ground connection
27 contact rail
28 contact head
29 wiper
30 wiper
31 wiper
32 vacuum interrupter
33 backdrop guideway
34 role
35 switching Temple
36 coil spring
37 coil spring
38 notch
39 latching means
40 locking element
41 drive cams
42 elevation
43 Release lever
44 fulcrum
45 end
46 end
47 fulcrum
48 Resting
49 teeth
50 spring
51 spring

Claims

A high-voltage switching device for switching electrical contacts (9, 10, 11, 24, 25, 26) of a conductor having a disconnecting switching element (5, 12, 12a; 27, 29, 30, 31) which has at least one component (5; ) via a drive movable first isolating contact element (5, 12; 27, 29, 31) and at least one by moving the first isolating contact element (5, 12; 27, 29, 31) can be brought into electrical contact with this second isolating contact element (12a; 30) and a load switching element (14; 32) having a first and a second load contact element (13, 15; 35) disposed in a medium for canceling and / or preventing a switching arc, the first isolating contact element (5, 12; 27, 29, 31) is configured to cause movement of the first load contact element (13; 35) to close or open the load switching element (14; 32) relative to the second load contact element (15) when triggered by the drive , thereby ge indicates that the first disconnect contact element (5, 12; 27, 29, 31) comprises a metal rail (5, 27) arranged on a rotatable disk (23) connected to the drive via a rotation axis (22) and a first sliding contact (9, 10; 12, 29, 31), which depending on the angular position of the disc (3, 23) on the metal rail (5, 27) can attack or is separated from this.
High-voltage switching device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first disconnect contact element (5, 12; 27, 29, 31) is designed such that, when the electrical connection is closed, the first load contact element (13; 35) is only engaged to close the load switching element (14 32) is brought into contact with the second load contact element (15) when the first disconnect contact element (5, 12; 27, 29, 31) has made electrical connection with the second disconnect contact element (12a; 30), and that there is movement of the first load contact element (13; 35) for opening the load switching element (14; 32) until the electrical contact is torn off before the first disconnect contact element (5,12; 27,29,31) makes electrical contact with the second disconnect contact element (12a; ) loses.
High-voltage switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second isolating contact element has a second sliding contact (12a) for engaging on the metal rail (5) and that the metal rail (5) has an extension in the radial direction seen from the axis of rotation, along which the second sliding contact (12a) can be moved, and in that on the disc (3) and the second separating contact element (12a) means (6, 16; 18, 19) are provided for radially displacing the second separating contact element (12a) so as to provide a Movement of the first load contact element (13) for switching the load switching element (14) to effect.
High-voltage switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means are provided for radially displacing the first load contact element (13; 35), which has a guide track path (6; 33) on the disc (3; 23) and on the guide track track (6; ), on the first load contact element (13; 35) attacking or at least indirectly acting on this rollers (16; 34).
High-voltage switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that in the guide track path (6) in the region of the switching position or switching positions in which or in which the load switching element (14) is closed, spring-loaded relative to the radially outwardly with respect to the axis of rotation remaining guide track path (6) movable plungers (8) are provided.
High-voltage switching device according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the guide track path (33) has an elevation, which causes a movement of the first load contact element (35) radially outward before reaching the closed position of the first load contact element (35).
High-voltage switching device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the means (18, 19) for radially displacing the second isolating contact element (12a) on the disc (3) and on the second isolating contact element (12a) arranged permanent magnets (18, 19), which with Poles of the same name are aimed at each other.
High-voltage switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first load contact element (13; 35) is acted upon by a restoring force in an open position in which it is electrically isolated from the second load contact element (15).
High-voltage switching device according to Claim 8, characterized in that it has latching means (39) which hold the first load contact element (35) in a position closing the load switching element (32) against the restoring force, and in that means (41) on the first disconnect contact element (23) ) are arranged for releasing the latching means (39) in a switching position in which the first load contact element (35) is in electrical contact with the second load contact element.
High voltage switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises three terminals, namely a terminal (9; 24) to a busbar, a terminal (11; 25) to an outgoing line branch and a grounding terminal (10; 26) Load switching element (14; 32) is arranged on the connection (11; 25) to the outgoing line branch and wherein via the separating switching element (5, 12, 12a; 27, 29, 31) and the load switching element (14; 32) of the outgoing line branch optionally electrically connected to the busbar, electrically connected to the ground or can be disconnected from all electrical connections.
High-voltage switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the load switching element (14; 32) is a vacuum interrupter.