EP2430645B1 - High-voltage switching unit - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a high voltage switching device for switching electrical contacts of a conductor according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

In the high-voltage switching technology - depending on the switching requirements - different types of switches are distinguished. High voltage in the sense of this application is any voltage above 1,000 volts (1 kV), which means in particular AC voltages (an application is not limited to AC voltages).

A rough distinction can be made between such switching elements that can only switch no-load currents, which are collectively referred to herein as "disconnecting elements", and those switching elements that are capable of switching load currents, which are divided once again in the high-voltage technology in load switch and circuit breakers, the latter being provided for higher voltages and currents, in particular must be able to switch in the event of a short circuit. For the purposes of this application, for the sake of simplicity, however, all the switching elements which are also capable of switching load currents are summarized under the term "load switching element".

There are in the high-voltage engineering safety regulations that provide on different network levels that circuit breakers must be present, which - often in addition to the load switching elements - have a visible switching position in which the actual separation of a line section to be separated from the network is shown by simple visual inspection. The corresponding visible separation line is in Germany e.g. determined according to DIN / VDE 0105.

Depending on the area of application and the voltage to be switched, load switches are at least in the range of the middle voltage level (up to about 52 kV). often operated in a protective gas atmosphere of SF ₆ , which quickly extinguishes the gas resulting from the switching arc switching arc and thus prevents destruction of the switch. Although in such a construction with advantage in a load switch itself also prescribed by the DIN visible separation distance can be realized (one speaks of a so-called load disconnector), but an atmosphere of SF ₆ is problematic in various respects.

Although the gas itself is non-toxic and unreactive under normal circumstances, this gas is an enormously powerful greenhouse gas. In terms of mass, this gas has more than 20,000 times more harmful effects than the commonly known as greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In addition, SF ₆ (sulfur hexafluoride) is involved in the degradation and destruction of the ozone layer. Furthermore, it has not yet been conclusively explored which possible decomposition products are formed in the SF ₆ atmosphere when a switching arc is extinguished, which in turn may have harmful effects.

It is desirable in this respect to replace SF ₆ encapsulated load switch or load switchgear by other switching means. In this case, for example, the vacuum interrupters already used in the higher power range can be used. In these components, two contact elements are arranged via a metallic bellows or similar device movable in an evacuated space, typically a ceramic tube, which form the electrical contact when moving towards each other. Due to the high vacuum with very low residual pressure, the formation of a switching arc is prevented here, or it breaks down again in the absence of ionizable gas immediately after a natural zero crossing.

The problem with these elements is that a visible separation can not be realized here. If vacuum interrupters are used in circuit breakers, which must also include a circuit breaker, so a circuit breaker must be provided separately and locked with complicated safety interlocks to the switching position of the circuit breaker. Because at a switching operation must First, the circuit breaker must be closed before the load switch can be closed, otherwise the switching arc at the unsecured switch anfiele. Conversely, when opening the connection, the load switch must first be opened before the disconnector can be brought into an open position. In known solutions, as already mentioned, load switch and disconnector are moved independently of each other via their own drive, these drives are locked against each other to comply with the above safety-related switching sequences.

From the DE 35 28 770 A1 is a medium voltage switchgear with a movable via a common linear drive combination of a circuit breaker and a vacuum interrupter known. In this known medium-voltage switchgear the circuit breaker is arranged in a gas-tight housing, which is filled with an insulating medium, in particular SF ₆ .

In the EP 0 283 949 A2 is a multi-position commutation disconnector for high and medium voltage switchgear shown. This has in a variant according to the local Fig. 7 a circular ring segment-shaped contact element, which is pivotable about a pivot point about this pivot point and depending on the pivot position can contact different contacts of main and secondary flow paths. Via a lever arm rigidly connected to the contact element and thus also veschwenkbar about the pivot is a cam which moves with switching cam when pivoting the contact element, the movable contact a vacuum interrupter and the vacuum interrupter switches so that it is switched under load. With this switching arrangement, a Kommutierungslichtbogen targeted to arise in the vacuum interrupter and quickly deleted there. This switching device is designed in the design as a pure Kommutierungstrenner, in which the extinguishing device, so the vacuum interrupter must be designed only to a recovery voltage of less than 1,000 volts. As a load or Power switching element for the high voltage range, this switching arrangement is therefore not applicable.

Presentation of the invention

There is now a need to further develop a high-voltage switching device mentioned above in such a way that it unites a load switching element and a disconnecting switching element in a simple manner and without the need for a complex safety interlock, so that an increased degree of freedom is given with regard to the design of the power switching element, but at the same time Safety requirement of a visible separation distance is met. In this case, the use of SF ₆ or another formed by an artificial atmosphere insulating medium in the region of the separating switching element can be omitted and in particular the formation of a switching arc can be suppressed particularly reliable.

This object is achieved by a high-voltage switching device having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of such a high-voltage switching device are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 9.

According to the invention, in a high-voltage switching device which contains a disconnecting switching element and a load switching element in the manner specified in the preamble of claim 1, the first disconnecting contact element of the disconnecting switching element is designed such that, in the event of a movement triggered by the drive, in any event one of its components is the first load contact element for closing or closing Opening the load switching element relative to the second load contact element moves or triggers such a movement. This movement of the first load contact element through the first disconnect contact element or through one of its components is particularly preferably directly and directly, so without the interposition of any gear or other transmission means, but can also be done by the operation of a trigger mechanism.

Further, the high-voltage switching device includes a disk connected to a drive via a rotation axis. On this disc is a metal rail is arranged, which forms part of the first separating contact element as well as a first sliding contact connected to a contact conductor. The second isolating contact element has a second sliding contact, which also acts on the metal rail. Depending on the rotational angle position of the disk, the first sliding contact can act on the metal rail or is separated from it. By rotating the disc about the axis of rotation so the isolating contact element is closed when the second sliding contact abuts against the metal rail. The disconnect contact element is in the open position, when the second sliding contact is lifted from the metal rail, so the disc is in a rotational position in which the metal rail with the second sliding contact is not located in overlapping position.

By this embodiment of the invention, a separation between the load switching element and disconnect switching element is effected, which separation allows a greater freedom in the selection of the load switching element, in particular the choice of a vacuum interrupter as a load switching element allows (see claim 11), without the two switching elements disconnecting element and load switching element with independent drives, which in turn would require a complicated safety interlock. Rather, in accordance with the invention, the first isolating contact element is designed so that it also moves the first load contact element for switching the load switching element during its movement by the drive at the same time or triggers its movement. As a load switching element other elements can be selected in addition to a vacuum interrupter, for example Schaltkammem with oil or SF ₆ as extinguishing medium. If SF ₆ or oil is selected, then this medium should preferably be housed in a similar encapsulated structure, as in the vacuum interrupter, on the one hand to minimize the amount of SF ₆ required and on the other to prevent escape of this medium.

In this case, a plurality of inventive high-voltage switching elements can be arranged one behind the other and operated with a single drive shaft, which penetrates all disks and rotates due to the choice of the disc as part of the separating switching element. Thus, e.g. the three phases of a high voltage line to be switched with a drive shaft.

In accordance with the invention, the first load contact element is further acted upon by a restoring force in an open position in which it is electrically isolated from the second load contact element. This ensures that only at a desired switching operation, in which due to the movement of the first separating contact element, the first load contact element is moved to the second load contact element, here the electrical connection is closed. The restoring force can be exerted in particular by a spring, but other possibilities may be provided, e.g. the use of a weight force or the like.

In addition, the high-voltage switching device according to the invention has latching means which hold the first load-contact element in a closing position against the restoring force. In addition, means for releasing the latching means are arranged on the first isolating contact element, which release the latching means in a switching position of the high-voltage switching device, in which the first isolating contact element is in electrical contact with the second isolating contact element. Thus, the first load contact element is not directly carried by the first disconnect contact element during opening and follows its movement, as is the case when closing the load switching element (ie when moving the first load contact element against the second load contact element). Rather, the separation is carried out by releasing the closing of the load switching element, the first load contact element catching detent connection and due to the load on the first load contact element restoring force (exerted by a spring element) abruptly. Thus, a particularly short turn-off time is ensured, which further increases the formation of a discharge arc in the load switching element helps to suppress. For this purpose, for example, a corresponding means, such as a driving lug or a comparable projection, can be arranged on the first isolating contact element or on a component carrying it, which causes it to be detached from the first load contact element when it is abutted against an element of the latching means. It is only important that the opening of the load switching element takes place at a time when the disconnect switching element is still closed, so that carried out under load disconnection safely and reliably exclusively in the load switching element, which is set up to suppress or delete a switching arc, takes place ,

The structure according to the invention allows the omission of any extinguishing medium, in particular so of SF ₆ , in the region of the separating switching element, which can be arranged without special encapsulation in air.

The switching movement of the first load contact element controlled by the first disconnect contact element is expediently controlled and the said elements are designed such that first the disconnect switching element closes when a contact of the high-voltage switch device is closed, before the load switching element for transmitting the electrical load is closed, in the opening case initially the load switching element opens and the disconnect switching element then opens normally, without switching energy and thereby possibly trigger a switching arc, which could destroy the disconnect switching element.

The metal rail is advantageously designed as provided in claim 3. Accordingly, it has in the radial direction seen from the axis of rotation of an extent along which the second sliding contact can be moved. Further, means are provided on the disc and the second isolating contact element, which cause a radial displacement of the second isolating contact element, so as to move the first load contact element for switching the load switching element. In other words - as seen in a radial direction relative to the axis of rotation - the second isolating contact element arranged to be displaceable outwards and thus acts on the first load contact element. On the disc corresponding means are arranged, which cause a displacement of the second separating contact element, wherein the metal rail is sufficiently wide, that is expanded in the radial direction, to maintain the electrical contact between the second sliding contact and the metal rail along the travel path of the second separating contact element.

Means for radially displacing the first load contact element may be provided, which move a guide path on the disc and on the guide path, comprising engaging or at least indirectly acting on the first load contact element. These rollers can be arranged on the second isolating contact element and move it as described above, so as to effect a displacement of the first load contact element. In this embodiment variant rolls when moving the disc, the second separating contact element with its rollers on the Führungsungskulissenbahn, which is preferably designed so that they only in an in the direction of rotation after an angular position in which a sliding contact of another component of the first separation contact element to the metal rail engages and thus the disconnect switch element is closed, lying angle position causes a displacement of the second isolating contact element radially outwards, in which this second isolating contact element has continuous contact with the metal rail and so the first load contact element is brought into electrical connection with the second load contact element, then the To close the load switching element according to the invention in high voltage switching devices.

It is also possible to attach the rollers directly to the first load contact element or to a component rigidly connected thereto so as to shift the first load contact element directly. In this case, the first load contact element and the second disconnect contact element move relative to each other, the forwarding of the electrical Current between these elements can then be done via other connection paths as a radially movable sliding contact.

The guide track path can be designed on the disc so that during a switching operation in the opening direction initially the second separating contact element on the Führungskulissenbahn so unrolls that an opening of the load switching element is made possible before the disconnect switching element by releasing a component of the first disconnect contact element of the metal rail in the open position device.

To ensure that in the switching position in which the load switching element is to be closed, here also a circuit closure, and compensate for corresponding tolerances, can be advantageously in the range of the switching position or the switching positions in which or in which the load contact element is closed, be provided with respect to the axis of rotation radially outwardly spring-loaded, relative to the rest of the guide track path movable plungers (see claim 5). Alternatively or additionally, the guide track path can have an increase, which causes it to move radially outward before reaching the closed position of the first load contact element. This movement ensures by a certain pressing of the first load contact element against the second load contact element in the switching operation, a safe and reliable electrical connection in the on position of the load switching element.

As an alternative to an embodiment with a guide track, the means for radially displacing the second disconnect contact element may also comprise permanent magnets arranged on the disk on the second disconnect contact element and directed towards one another with poles of the same name. Are on the disc corresponding permanent magnets arranged so that they are in an angular position in which the load switching element is closed, arranged in sufficient proximity to the arranged on the second separating contact element, with the same pole on the arranged on the disc permanent magnets facing permanent magnets, the Movement of the second Separating contact element and thus the switching process for the load switching element initiated by the repulsion of the permanent magnets. The skilled person must provide only sufficiently strong permanent magnets here to safely trigger the switching process and perform.

Advantageously, the high-voltage switching device according to the invention has three connections, namely a connection to a busbar, a connection to an outgoing line branch and a grounding connection, wherein the load switching element is arranged at the connection to the outgoing line branch. In this case, the outgoing line branch can be electrically connected via the disconnecting switching element and the load switching element selectively connected to the busbar, electrically connected to the ground or disconnected from all electrical connections.

Since the three phases of the three-phase current used in these areas typically have to be switched simultaneously for a complete high-voltage switch, a high-voltage switch is formed from three high-voltage switching devices constructed according to the invention. Conveniently, these three high-voltage switching devices are then arranged so that they are operated by one and the same drive, using a disk provided with a metal rail, these discs of all three high-voltage switching devices preferably sit on a common axis of rotation by a single drive (whether motor or manually).

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig. 1 eine aufgrund der fehlenden Rastmittel nicht erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung in einer ersten Ausgestaltungsvariante im Querschnitt in einer ersten Schaltstellung mit von weiteren elektrischen Verbindungen getrenntem abgehenden Leitungszweig;
• Fig. 2 in vergleichbarer Ansicht die Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer zweiten Schaltstellung, in der der abgehende Leitungszweig mit der Sammelschiene verbunden ist;
• Fig. 3 die Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in vergleichbarer Ansicht in einer dritten Schaltstellung, in der der abgehende Leitungszweig mit Erde elektrisch verbunden ist;
• Fig. 4 eine zweite Ausführungsvariante einer aufgrund nicht realisierter Rastmittel nicht erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung in einer den vorherigen Figuren vergleichbaren Schnittdarstellung in einer ersten Schaltstellung, in der der abgehende Leitungszweig insgesamt von allen elektrischen Verbindungen getrennt ist;
• Fig. 5 die Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 4 in gleichartige Ansicht in einer Schaltstellung, in der ein abgehender Leitungszweig mit der Sammelschiene verbunden ist;
• Fig. 6 die Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 4 in gleichartiger Ansicht in einer weiteren Schaltstellung, in der der abgehende Leitungszweig mit Erde verbunden ist;
• Fig. 7 einen Hochspannungsschalter für die drei Phasen, gebildet aus drei hintereinander angeordneten Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtungen nach den Figuren 1 bis 3 in teilweise weggeschnittener Ansicht;
• Fig. 8 eine dreidimensionale Ansicht des Hochspannungsschalters gemäß Fig. 7 mit vollständig geschlossenen Gehäusen;
• Fig. 9 eine der Fig. 7 vergleichbare Ansicht eines Hochspannungsschalters gebildet aus Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtungen nach Figuren 4 bis 6;
• Fig. 10 einen Hochspannungsschalter gemäß Fig. 9 mit vollständig geschlossenen Gehäusen;
• Fig. 11 in zwei Darstellungen a und b schematisch die wesentlichen Elemente einer erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungsschaltervorrichtung in einer dritten Ausführungsvariante in einer ersten, zwei Schaltkontakte verbindenden Schaltstellung, wobei in der Darstellung der Fig. 11b ein Teil einer Kontaktschiene weggeschnitten ist zur Veranschaulichung und besseren Darstellung der darunter liegenden Elemente;
• Fig. 12 in zwei Ansichten a und b dieselben wesentlichen Elemente der erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungschaltervorrichtung gemäß Fig. 11 in einer zweiten Schaltstellung, in der eine zweite Kontaktpaarung elektrisch miteinander verbunden ist, wobei auch hier wieder in der Darstellung b in der Figur die Kontaktschiene teilweise weggeschnitten ist zur besseren Veranschaulichung der darunter liegenden Struktur;
• Fig. 13 in zwei Darstellungen a und b die erfindungsgemäße Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung gemäß den Figuren 11 und 12 mit den wesentlichen Elementen in einer Zwischenstellung, in der der Schalter geöffnet ist mit sowohl geöffnetem Trennschaltelement als auch geöffnetem Lastschaltelement; auch hier ist in der Darstellung b erneut ein Teil der Kontaktschiene weggeschnitten zur besseren Verdeutlichung der darunter liegenden Strukturen;
• Fig. 14 die erfindungsgemäße Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung aus den Figuren 11 bis 13 mit den wesentlichen Elementen in einer Schaltposition, in welcher das Trennschaltelement geschlossen, das Lastschaltelement allerdings noch geöffnet ist, wobei in der Darstellung der Fig. 14b erneut die Kontaktschiene teilweise weggeschnitten ist zur Verdeutlichung der darunter liegenden Strukturen;
• Fig. 15 in zwei Ansichten a und b, in der Ansicht b wieder mit teilweise weg geschnittener Kontaktschiene, eine der in den Figuren 14a und b gezeigten Zwischenposition gleichende Schaltstellung in Bezug auf die Herstellung des Schaltkontaktes für die zweite Kontaktpaarung;
• Fig. 16 in einer zeitlichen Abfolge den Ablauf in der erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtung gemäß den Figuren 11 bis 15 beim Schalten eines Trennvorganges zur Verdeutlichung des durch Lösen eines Rastmittels bewirkten schnellen Ausschaltvorganges des Lastschaltelementes; und
• Fig. 17 in einer Detaildarstellung die Auslöseeinrichtung für das Rastelement als Bestandteil der Rasteinrichtung.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following described variants of high voltage switching devices with reference to the accompanying figures. Showing:

• Fig. 1 a due to the lack of locking means not inventive high voltage switching device in a first embodiment variant in cross section in a first switching position with from other electrical connections separate outgoing leg of the line;
• Fig. 2 in a comparable view, the high voltage switching device according to Fig. 1 in a second switching position, in which the outgoing line branch is connected to the busbar;
• Fig. 3 the high voltage switching device according to Fig. 1 in a comparable view in a third switching position, in which the outgoing line branch is electrically connected to ground;
• Fig. 4 a second embodiment of a non-inventive latching means not according to the invention high-voltage switching device in a similar to the previous figures sectional view in a first switching position in which the outgoing line branch is completely separated from all electrical connections;
• Fig. 5 the high voltage switching device according to Fig. 4 in similar view in a switching position in which an outgoing line branch is connected to the busbar;
• Fig. 6 the high voltage switching device according to Fig. 4 in similar view in a further switching position in which the outgoing line branch is connected to ground;
• Fig. 7 a high voltage switch for the three phases, formed of three successively arranged high voltage switching devices according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 in partially cutaway view;
• Fig. 8 a three-dimensional view of the high voltage switch according to Fig. 7 with completely closed housings;
• Fig. 9 one of the Fig. 7 comparable view of a high voltage switch formed from high voltage switching devices according to FIGS. 4 to 6 ;
• Fig. 10 a high voltage switch according to Fig. 9 with completely closed housings;
• Fig. 11 in two representations a and b schematically the essential elements of a high voltage switch device according to the invention in a third embodiment in a first, two switching contacts connecting switching position, wherein in the illustration of Fig. 11b a portion of a contact rail is cut away to illustrate and better illustrate the underlying elements;
• Fig. 12 in two views a and b the same essential elements of the high-voltage switch device according to the invention according to Fig. 11 in a second switching position, in which a second contact pair is electrically connected to each other, wherein again in the illustration b in the figure, the contact rail is partially cut away for better illustration of the underlying structure;
• Fig. 13 in two representations a and b, the high voltage switching device according to the invention according to the Figures 11 and 12 with the essential elements in an intermediate position, in which the switch is open with both the open disconnecting element and the open load-switching element; Again, in the representation b, a part of the contact rail is cut away again to better clarify the underlying structures;
• Fig. 14 the high-voltage switching device according to the invention from the FIGS. 11 to 13 with the essential elements in a switching position in which the disconnecting switching element is closed, the load switching element is still open, however, in the illustration of the Fig. 14b again the contact rail is partially cut away to clarify the underlying structures;
• Fig. 15 in two views a and b, in the view b again with partially cut away contact rail, one of the in the FIGS. 14a and b shown intermediate position equivalent switching position with respect to the production of the switching contact for the second contact pairing;
• Fig. 16 in a time sequence, the sequence in the high-voltage switching device according to the invention according to the FIGS. 11 to 15 when switching a separation process to clarify the effected by releasing a locking means rapid turn-off of the load switching element; and
• Fig. 17 in a detailed view of the triggering device for the locking element as part of the locking device.

Way (s) for carrying out the invention

In the figures, a total of three embodiments of a high voltage switching device are shown in a schematic representation, of which, however, only the third, in the FIGS. 11 to 17 variant shown has all inventive and inventive features. The high-voltage switching devices shown in the preceding figures are insofar no embodiments according to the invention, but contain individual features that can also be used in a high-voltage switching device according to the invention, and thus serve to explain these features. Also shown in the figures are high-voltage switches with high-voltage devices of such type arranged one behind the other for the three phases of the three-phase current.

In the FIGS. 1 to 3 , to which reference is first made, a non-inventive embodiment of a high-voltage switching device is shown in three different switching positions. This high-voltage switching device 1 comprises, arranged in a housing 2, a disc 3. This disc 3 has centrally an internally toothed opening 4, through which the axis of rotation or drive shaft of a drive can be passed rotationally relative to the disc.

The disc 3 is formed in the radial direction, as seen from the opening, with different extensions. Over an angular range of slightly more than 180 °, a portion of further expansion, in which a metal rail 5 is inserted as contact extends. Further, a Führungsungskulissenbahn 6 is formed on the disc 3, in which a total of two in the radial direction outwardly movable and each biased by a spring 7 radially outward thrust pieces 8 are arranged.

Each offset by 120 ° to the center of the opening 4, a total of three contacts are arranged, namely a busbar contact 9, a Earthing contact 10 and a branch contact 11. All these contacts have sliding contacts 12, 12 a, which are arranged in a position in which they can contact the metal rail 5 depending on the angular position of the disc 3.

The branch contact 11, which also forms the second isolating switch contact, is directly electrically and mechanically connected to a first load switching contact 13 of a vacuum interrupter 14. This first load switching contact 13 is axially movable in the vacuum interrupter 14 in the direction of a second load switching contact 15 fixed relative to the vacuum interrupter 14 away from this. For this purpose, the branch contact 11 as a whole, ie with its sliding contacts 12a in the radial direction with respect to the central opening 4 and thus in the axial direction of the vacuum interrupter 14 movable. The first load switching contact 13 is biased by means of a spring (not shown here) in an open position in which it is separated from the second load switching contact 15.

The branch contact 11 is fixedly connected to rollers 16 which run along the Führungsungskulissenbahn 6 along. Thus, controlled by the guide track path 6, a movement of the branch contact 11 in the radial direction is caused when the disc 3 is moved through a through the opening 4 projecting through the axis of rotation or shaft. In this case, the extent of the metal rail 5 in the radial direction (relative to the opening 4) is selected such that a displacement of the branch contact 11 can take place in this direction without the sliding contacts 12a assigned to this branch contact 11 coming loose from the metal rail 5.

In Fig. 1 the high-voltage switching device 1 is shown in a position in which the branch is completely separated electrically and connected to any other line piece. Although the metal rail 5 is connected to the branch contact 11 in connection, but is not connected by another component of the first separating contact element, namely the sliding contacts 12 either of the busbar contact 9 or the grounding contact 10. At the same time, it is also the first Load switch contact 13 is released from the second load switching contact 15, so that the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 14 is located in an open position. The open position of the separating switching element formed by the sliding contacts 12, 12a and the metal rail 5 can now be made visible in accordance with the standards by either a housing cover of the high voltage switching device 1 is made transparent and thus immediately visible, or by an opening 4 through the projecting axis of rotation or switching shaft is provided with corresponding markings that indicate the position of the disc 3 directly visually.

In Fig. 2 is a further switching position of the high voltage switching device 1 is shown. This was achieved by rotation of the disc 3 from the in Fig. 1 shown position clockwise by 60 °. In this position, an electrical contact between the busbar and the branch line is made, the busbar contact 9 is connected with its sliding contacts 12 via the metal rail 5 and the sliding contacts 12a with the branch contact 11 and wherein the directly to the sliding contacts 12a electrically connected load switching contact 13 in the vacuum interrupter 14 is in electrical connection with the second load switching contact 15. When moving the disc 3 in the switching position shown here, first, and before closing the load switching contacts 13, 15 takes place in the vacuum interrupter 14, between the sliding contacts 12 of the busbar contact 9 and the sliding contacts 12a of the branch contact 11 made an electrical connection by the metal rail 5 is detected by both sliding contacts 12, 12a. This is ensured since the circumference, along which the metal rail 5 extends, is correspondingly greater than the angular spacing of 120 ° which exists between busbar contact 9 and branch contact 11. In this way, first the isolating switching element is closed. In a further movement of the disc 3 in the clockwise direction then moves the branch contact 11 with its rollers 16 on the Slotted guide track 6 so far on that a movement of the entire branch contact 11 is caused in the radial direction outwards, so that the load switching contact 13 is pressed against the second load switching contact 15, to close the contact in the vacuum interrupter 14. At the end of the path on the Führungskulissenbahn 6, the branch contact 11 runs with its rollers on the pressure piece 8, which loaded by the spring 7 presses radially outward and thus ensures a safe circuit closure in the vacuum interrupter 14 by a possibly still existing closing path is safely bridged.

In Fig. 3 a further switching position of the high-voltage switching device 1 is shown, which consists of the in Fig. 1 is reached by turning it 60 ° counterclockwise. In this switching position, a connection of the branch to the ground is made by the grounding contact 10 is connected to the branch contact 11 and the load switching contacts 13 and 15 are brought into contact with each other. Similar to when switching to the in Fig. 2 shown position is also here first on the sliding contacts 12 of the grounding contact 10 and the sliding contacts 12a of the branch contact 11, which are electrically connected by means of the metal rail 5, the disconnect switching element closed before on further movement of the disc 3, the rollers 16 on the Führungskulissenbahn 6 so accumulate that the branch contact 11 is displaced radially outward and thus connect the first load switching contact 13 in the vacuum interrupter 14 with the second load switching contact 15. Also in this switching position, the pressure piece 8, which is biased by the spring 7 is biased radially outwards, ensures a secure contact closure in the vacuum interrupter 14th

It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that for the high voltage switching device shown here, a mechanical interlock must be provided to prevent the switching device from rotating to a shift position in which the busbar contact 9 can make electrical contact with the ground contact 10. These Locking will usually be provided in the drive mechanism, which is not shown here.

In the FIGS. 4 to 6 to which reference is now made, an alternative embodiment variant of a non-inventive high voltage switching device 20 is shown. Where the elements of such a device 20 correspond to the previously shown elements and are formed the same, the same reference numerals are used in this figure. Thus, the high voltage switching device 20 comprises a housing 2 in which a disc 3 is rotatably arranged, which has in its center an internally toothed opening 4 for connection to a rotation axis or drive shaft. Again, along the disc 3, a metal rail 5 as a contacting element and part of the separation switching element, more precisely, the first separation switching contact, is provided. Also located, each at 120 ° with respect to the center of the opening 4 spaced a busbar contact 9, a grounding contact 10 and a radially outwardly displaceable branch contact 11, which is electrically and mechanically connected to a first load switching contact 13 in a vacuum interrupter 14, in turn with a fixed second power switch contact 15 can be brought into electrical connection. In this illustration explicitly drawn is also the spring 17 can be seen, which forces the first load switching contact 13 in an open position in which this seen in the axial direction is maximally removed from the second load switching contact 15 and thus the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 14 opens.

In the individual contacts busbar contact 9, ground contact 10 and branch contact 11 turn sliding contacts 12, 12a are arranged, which engage the metal rail 5 and so can make electrical contact with each other.

It is different in this embodiment variant that the branch contact 11 has no role and the disc 3 no sliding guide track. Rather, 3 permanent magnets 19 are arranged at certain positions of the disc in this embodiment, and a permanent magnet 18 is fixed to the branch contact 11. In this case, the permanent magnets 18 and 19 are aligned so that the permanent magnets 19 each point with the same pole radially outward and the permanent magnet 18 also with the same pole in the radial direction with respect to the opening 4 points inwards. Thus, therefore, the permanent magnets 18 and 19 may face each other in a way that poles of the same name meet each other and thus cause a repulsion.

In Fig. 4 is the high voltage switching device 20 in one of Fig. 1 according to the above-described non-inventive embodiment illustrated comparative position in which both the disconnecting element is open by the sliding contacts 12 of the contacts busbar contact 9 and grounding contact 10 are released from the metal rail 5, and at the same time the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 14 in the open position befindlich is where the first power switch contact 13 is disconnected and removed from the second power switch contact 15. This also applies to this open position Fig. 1 namely that a corresponding line of sight is formed in accordance with the standards that can be visualized in the manner described above.

In Fig. 5 is the high voltage switching device 20 now in one of Fig. 2 shown comparable position in which the busbar contact 9 is electrically connected to the branch contact 11. For this purpose, first the disconnecting switching element is closed by contacting the sliding contacts 12 of the busbar contact 9 with the metal rail 5 and the sliding contacts 12a of the branch contact 11 with just this metal rail 5, then is at existing switching closure of the disconnecting switching element by further rotation of the disc 3 and moving the permanent magnet 19 in the region of the permanent magnet 18 and the repulsive force of the branching contact 11 occurring between these poles of the same name opposite to each other are pressed radially outward with respect to the opening 4 and thereby the first Load switching contact 13 has been connected to the second load switching contact 15 in the vacuum interrupter 14. Now there is an electrical connection between the busbar contact 9 and the branch contact.

In Fig. 6 is for the high voltage switching device 20 one of the first embodiment in Fig. 3 shown switching position corresponding switching position shown, in which the branch contact 11 is connected to the ground contact 10. Here, too, the metal rail 5 first ensures closing of the disconnecting switching element, in that the sliding contacts 12 of the earthing contact 10 and the sliding contacts 12a of the branch contact 11 come into contact simultaneously with the metal rail 5, only after that is the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 14 through the repulsive force of the permanent magnets 19 and 18 and the resulting movement of the first load switching contact 13 is closed.

In the FIGS. 7 and 8th shows the construction of a complete high-voltage switch for the three phases of a three-phase current, as it results in the direction of the openings 4 penetrating through the axis of rotation or drive shaft successively provided arrangement of three high-voltage switching devices 1. All three high-voltage switching devices are operated here with a single drive, so that all three phases of the high voltage are switched simultaneously accordingly. Of course, it is also possible to connect the series arrangement of a multiple of three such Hochspannungsschaltvorrichtungen1 at several branches (three-phase) at the same time with a drive. It is in Fig. 7 the representation with partially opened housing, in Fig. 8 an arrangement of the voltage switching devices with closed housing shown. Likewise, the high-voltage switching device according to the invention can also be used in a two-phase AC voltage network as a single-pole switch or in a two-combination for connecting both phases of a branch or also be used for switching conductors of a DC voltage network.

In the Figures 9 and 10 Accordingly, a similar arrangement of the full high-voltage switch for all three phases is shown, as it can be constructed from high-voltage switching devices 20 according to the second embodiment, also in arrangement on a single axis of rotation or drive shaft.

In the FIGS. 11 to 17 Now, an embodiment of a high-voltage switching device 21 according to the invention is shown with the functionally essential components. This embodiment will be described below with reference to the respective figures, wherein like elements in the figures are identical and function in their functionality as described. In this respect, with regard to the representation of individual figures, to which individual elements and their mode of operation are not described in detail, the corresponding description of the elements in the other figurative representations can be accessed and referred to.

The high-voltage switching device 21 also has a disk 23, which is mounted in a housing (not illustrated here) and rotatable about an axis of rotation 22. This disk 23 is located with the axis of rotation 22 in the center between three each by 120 ° angularly offset contact terminals, namely a busbar terminal 24, a terminal 25 to an outgoing line branch and a ground terminal 26th

On the disc 23 is positionally fixed to the disc 23, a conductive material, in particular copper, formed contact rail, which rotates with the disc 23. The contact rail 27 has thickened contact heads 28 at its two end regions, which are seen in their longitudinal direction.

Also angularly offset by 120 ° about the axis of rotation 22 sliding contacts 29, 30 and 31 are arranged in the high-voltage switching device 21, wherein these are positioned so that in each case two of the Sliding contacts 29, 30 and 31 can come into electrical contact with the contact heads 28 of the contact rail 27. The sliding contact 29 is assigned to the busbar connection 24, the sliding contact 30 leads to a connected to the terminal 25 to the outgoing line branch vacuum interrupter 32, the sliding contact 31 contacts the ground terminal 26th

On the disc 23, a gate guide track 33 is further formed, on which a connected to a first load contact element of the vacuum interrupter 32 roller 34 runs and rolls.

In the Fig. 11 the high-voltage switching device 21 is shown in a switching position in which the busbar is connected via the busbar terminal 24 with the outgoing line branch via the terminal 25 to the same. For this purpose, a formed in the high-voltage switching device 21 in this embodiment separating switching element in the form of sliding contacts 29 and 30 in conjunction with the contact rail 27 is closed, also acting as a load switching element vacuum interrupter 32 is also closed by the first load contact element moves over the on the slide guide track 33 running roller 34 and the rigidly connected to this roller 34 switch punch 35 is pressed against a located in the vacuum interrupter second load contact element and brought into electrical contact with this. In this switching position, electrical current can flow from the busbar to the outgoing leg of the line. To be recognized in the Fig. 11 Also, two coil springs 36 and 37, which are stretched in this switching position and apply a force acting in the direction of a switch-off position of the first load contact element restoring force on the shift punch 35. With a generally provided with the reference numeral 39, described in more detail in subsequent descriptions to the other figures locking means which locking elements 40 which in notches or recesses 38 (see Fig. 13 ) engage the switch punch 35, the shift punch 35 and thus the first Load contact element in the closed position and held against the force applied by the coil springs 36 and 37 restoring force.

In Fig. 12 is one of the Fig. 11 Comparable switching position shown, in which only the disc 23 is rotated by 240 ° counterclockwise to connect the connection to the outgoing line branch 25 to the ground terminal 26 in this switching position.

In Fig. 13 an open position of the high voltage switching device 21 is shown according to this embodiment of the invention. Again, the presentation is again limited to the essential elements of this switching device. It can be clearly seen here that the disk 23 is rotated into a position in which the two contact heads 28 of the contact rail 27 are in electrical connection with none of the sliding contacts 29, 30 or 31. The disconnect switching element is thus, and this can be made visible by selecting eg transparent housing from the outside, in an open position. Of the sliding contacts 29, 30, 31 no one is contacted.

The roller 34 is located on a closer to the axis of rotation 22 position on the Führungsungskulissenbahn 33, the switching punch 35 and with him the first load contact element of the vacuum interrupter 32 is retracted and thus the vacuum interrupter 32 also in an open position. Accordingly, the latching elements 40 are released from the notches 38 in the switching punch 35. The coil springs 36 and 37 are relaxed, have driven the first load contact element in the Ausschalttrichtung. To recognize is particularly in the Fig. 13b a drive cam 41 arranged on the disk 23 outside the guide slot 33, the function of which will be described below. A similar driving cam 41 is located on the disc in symmetrical positioning in a below the in the Fig. 13b right illustrated contact head 28 hidden position. The driving cam 41 located in this position is in Fig. 14b to recognize. In the FIGS. 13b and 14b are also shown in the slide tracks 33 in a region below the contact heads 28 arranged elevations 42.

In the Fig. 14 in the representations a and b is similar to that in the Fig. 15 a position of the high voltage switching device 21 shown as it is shortly before reaching the total closed position. It shows the Fig. 14 a position shortly before establishing a complete circuit closure between the outgoing line branch and the grounding connection, for grounding the line branch, eg for the purpose of maintenance work to be performed thereon, whereas Fig. 15 a corresponding switching position shortly before the complete production of a circuit closure between the busbar connection and the outgoing line branch for covering this line branch with mains voltage shows.

In both figures, it can be clearly seen that in a switching position in which the roller 34 is still rolling on a section of the guide track 33 closer to the axis of rotation 22, the widened contact heads 28 of the contact rail 27 are already in contact with the respective sliding contacts (30 and 31 in FIG Fig. 14 respectively 29 and 30 in Fig. 15 ) stay in contact. In both representations, therefore, the circuit breaker element is already in a closed switch position, while the load switching element in the form of the vacuum tube 32 is still located in an open switching position. Only by a further rotation of the disc 23 in the counterclockwise direction in Fig. 14 or clockwise in Fig. 15 is moved by the guide on the slide guide track 33, the roller 34 further away from the axis of rotation 22 to the outside, whereby the switching punch 35 is pushed away to the outside, from the axis of rotation 22, against the force exerted by the coil springs 36 and 37 restoring force until the end of the Locking means 39 engages with the locking elements 40 in the notches 38 of the switching punch 35 and holds the load switching element, more precisely, the first load contact element in the closed position. In this continuation of the path, the roller 34 passes over the elevation 42 in the Führungskulissenbahn 33, which causes an additional overstroke in the order of 2 to 3 mm outwards, ie away from the axis of rotation 22, which ensures that the contact even after several switching operations and one corresponding wear of the switch contacts in the vacuum tube 32 sure comes about. Following this elevation 42, the guide track path 33 drops off again in the direction of the axis of rotation 22. This elevation 42 causes a closing of the load switching element in the form of the vacuum interrupter 32 with an excessive at the beginning of the closing pressure, so that an electrically conductive and secure contact between the both contact elements in the vacuum interrupter 32 is ensured and the risk of a Schaltentladungsbildung is further reduced. Since the process for the final connection of the two terminals is completed only by the closing in the vacuum interrupter 32, it is sufficient to equip them for deleting a possible switching arc or to prevent the same. The separating switching element in the form of arranged on the disc 23 contact rail 27 and the associated sliding contacts 29, 30 and 31, however, may be arranged in air, without an extinguishing medium such as SF ₆ must be present.

In Fig. 16 is shown in four successive switching positions of the high-voltage switching device 21 according to this embodiment, the sequence of the Ausschaltvorganges the vacuum interrupter 32. In the Fig. 16a a switching position is shown, in which both the disconnecting switching element and the load switching element are closed and the outgoing line branch is electrically connected to the busbar. The latching elements 40 engage in the notches 38 of the switching punch 35 and hold it in the closed switching position of the vacuum interrupter 32. In this respect, this detail corresponds to the in Fig. 11 illustrated switching position. Now, if the disk 23 is moved counterclockwise to open the electrical connection, the disconnect switching element remains electrically closed, since further the contact heads 28 are in communication with the sliding contacts. The roller 34 leaves the slide track 33, since the switching punch 35 is held by the still latched locking elements 40 in the closed position and against the restoring force of the coil springs (not shown here). This is recognizable in the Fig. 16b , There is also (dashed below the contact head 28 shown in the figure above) to recognize how the driving cam 41 engages in this position to a release lever 43 of the locking means 39. The release lever 43 is mounted at a pivot point 44. In the further movement of the disc 23 in the counterclockwise direction of the driving cam 41 moves the end of the release lever 43, where it engages outwardly, whereby an located beyond the bearing point 44 located end 45 of the release lever 43 pivots inwards. This in turn acts on an end 46 of the latching element 40, so that a latching end 48 of the latching element 40 opposite this end 46, which is located opposite a pivot point 47, is pivoted outwards and out of the notch 38.

In a further rotational movement of the disc 23 then jumps, as in Fig. 16d is shown, the switching punch 35 driven by the force of the coil springs not shown in the direction of the axis of rotation 22 back, the roller 34 again comes into contact with the Führungsungskulissenbahn 33. This is the opening process of the vacuum interrupter, which by the rapid disengagement of the locking elements 40 and the force of the coil springs a short shift is guaranteed. It should be noted here that the location of the driving cam on the disc 23 is selected so that the described triggering operation for releasing the load contact elements from each other (opening the vacuum interrupter) in the course of this required travel path of the disc is performed and process takes place in such a span, in the permanent permanently connected by the contact heads 28 still applied to the sliding contacts the separating switching element is still closed. The actual switched off with electrical power switching process thus takes place exclusively in the vacuum interrupter.

In the FIGS. 17a and b are (in each case in a view of a front and a back) enlarged again the elements of the locking means 39 shown.

To recognize here is again the interaction between the individual elements, which deflected at the pivot points 44 Release levers 43, which act with their ends 45 on ends 46 of the locking elements 40 to move them in a spreading of the release lever 43 from a latching holding position to a release position to the outside. In this case, the locking means 39 are biased by springs 50, 51 in a position in which the locking elements 40 are directed towards each other at a small distance, ie in a detent position in which the locking elements 40 engage in located in their area of action notches 38 in this. About teeth 49 ensures that when the driving cam 41 engages one of the locking lever 43 and this entrains, both locking lever and thus both locking elements 40 are moved equally outward.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

High voltage switching device

2

casing

3

disc

4

opening

5

metal rail

6

Slotted guide track

7

feather

8th

Pressure piece

9

Busbar Contact

10

ground contact

11

branch Contact

12, 12a

sliding contact

13

first load switching contact

14

Vacuum interrupter

15

second load switching contact

16

role

17

feather

18

permanent magnet

19

permanent magnet

20

High voltage switching device

21

High voltage switching device

22

axis of rotation

23

disc

24

Busbar connection

25

Connection to outgoing line branch

26

ground connection

27

contact bar

28

contact head

29

sliding contact

30

sliding contact

31

sliding contact

32

Vacuum interrupter

33

Backdrop guideway

34

role

35

switching temple

36

coil spring

37

coil spring

38

score

39

latching means

40

locking element

41

drive cams

42

camber

43

release lever

44

pivot point

45

The End

46

The End

47

pivot point

48

Resting

49

gearing

50

feather

51

feather

Claims (9)

1. A high-voltage contactor for switching electric contacts (24, 25, 26) of a conductor with an isolating switch element (27, 29, 30, 31), which has a first isolating contact element (27, 29, 31) mobile at least with a component (27) via a drive and at least a second isolating contact element (30) which can be brought into electric contact with said first isolating contact element (27, 29, 31) by moving the latter, and with a load switch element (32) having a first load contact element and a second load contact element (35), which are arranged in a medium for cancelling and/or preventing a switching arc, whereas the first isolating contact element (27, 29, 31) is designed in such a way that is causes a movement of the first load contact element (35) for closing or opening the load switch element (32) with respect to the second load contact element thanks to its movement triggered by the drive, whereas the first isolating contact element (27, 29, 31) comprises on the one hand a metal rail (27) arranged on a rotary disc (23) connected to the drive via a rotary axis (22) and on the other hand a first sliding contact (29, 31) connected to a contact conductor (24, 26), which can mesh into the metal rail (27) according to the rotary-angle position (23) or is isolated therefrom, characterised in that the first load contact element (35) is brought into an open position with a recall force, a position in which it is isolated electrically from the second load contact element and that it comprises catch means (39) which maintain the first load contact element (35) in a first position closing the load switch element (32) against the recall force that means (41) are provided on the first isolating contact element (23) for releasing the catch means (39) in a switching position, in which the first load contact element (35) is in electric contact with the second load contact element.
2. The high-voltage contactor according to claim 1, characterised in that the first isolating contact element (27, 29, 31) is designed in such a way that when closing the electric connection said element moves the first load contact element (35) with the second load contact element to create a contact only for closing the load switch element (32), when the first isolating contact element (27, 29, 31) has created an electric connection with the second isolating contact element (30), and that it causes a movement of the first load contact element (35) for opening the load switch element (32) to remove the electric contact before the first isolating contact element (27, 29, 31) loses the electric contact with the second isolating contact element (30).
3. The high-voltage contactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second isolating contact element has a second sliding contact for meshing into the metal rail and that the metal rail has an extension in radial direction as seen from the rotary axis, an extension along which the second sliding contact can be displaced, and that means are provided on the disc and on the second isolating contact element for radial displacement of the second isolating contact element so as to cause a movement of the first load contact element for switching the load switch element.
4. The high-voltage contactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that means are provided for radial displacement of the first load contact element (35), means comprising on the one hand a guiding link path on the disc (23) and on the other hand rollers (34) moving on the guiding link path, meshing on the first load contact element (35) or acting upon said element at least indirectly.
5. The high-voltage contactor according to claim 4, characterised in that in the guiding link path in the region of the switching position or switching positions, in which the load switch element is closed, pressure pieces are provided mobile with respect to the remaining guiding link path, spring-loaded in function of the rotational axis radially and outwardly.
6. The high-voltage contactor according to any of the claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the guiding link path (33) has a superelevation which causes a movement of the first load contact element (35) radially and outwardly before reaching the closed position of the first load contact element (35).
7. The high-voltage contactor according to claim 3, characterised in that the means for radial displacement of the second isolating contact element comprises permanent magnets arranged on the disc and on the second isolating contact element, magnets which must be directed with like poles relative to one another.
8. The high-voltage contactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it includes three connections, i.e. a connection (24) to a bus bar, a connection (25) to an outgoing line branch and a ground connection (26), whereas the load switch element (32) is arranged at the connection (25) to the outgoing line branch and whereas the outgoing line branch can selectively be connected electrically to the bus bar, connected electrically to the earth or separated from all electric connections, via a isolating switch element (27, 29, 31) and the load switch element (32).
9. The high-voltage contactor according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the load switch element (32) is a vacuum switch tube.

Images