EP2030212B1 - Short circuit device - Google Patents

Short circuit device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2030212B1
EP2030212B1 EP07725567.7A EP07725567A EP2030212B1 EP 2030212 B1 EP2030212 B1 EP 2030212B1 EP 07725567 A EP07725567 A EP 07725567A EP 2030212 B1 EP2030212 B1 EP 2030212B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
short
circuit switching
switching element
circuit
phase
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2030212A1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Gentsch
Harald Fink
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ABB Technology AG
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ABB Technology AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected

Definitions

  • arcs can be very much restricted by suitable design, for example, by an internal subdivision of the panel (bulkhead).
  • the individual panels of a switchgear have pressure relief ports or pressure relief channels through which the gas can flow into the environment.
  • the effects of an arc fault can be limited primarily by reducing the duration of the arc.
  • encapsulations are used for personal protection, which provide adequate protection in the event of an internal fault (eg during the formation of an arc in a gas chamber (arc fault)).
  • the resulting from an incidental arc energy flow is controlled and distributed within the system.
  • these encapsulations are carried out according to pressure-resistant.
  • Sufficient measures are taken against a melting or fusing of an encapsulation, which ensure an arc resistance of the device and thus safe operation of a switchgear.
  • Short-circuit systems are already used in individual applications, which generally refer to single-phase systems (eg used against earth or between phases) or are also designed as three-phase systems.
  • a short-circuiting device for an arc fault protection device for use in electrical energy distribution systems with a gas generator and a short-circuiting element driven directly by the gas generator the short-circuiting element consisting of a short-circuiting piston having at least one cylindrical and one conical section, is intended to be within one Millisecond enable bounce-free switching operation and high currents, for example, 100 kA, over several 100 ms, preferably 500 ms, transmitted.
  • the short-circuiting piston consists of a front cylindrical portion which is jerkily moved into a likewise cylindrical bore of a part to be short-circuited and that the front cylindrical portion is provided with a clearance against the bore.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve a short circuit switching device of the generic type to the effect that an arc in the short-circuiting device safely prevented, and the so-to-delete arc in the medium or high voltage switchgear can be safely commuted.
  • the cylindrical design in the short-circuiting element and mating contact whereby these are even matched to a game version, technically too difficult.
  • the too dimensioned cylinder contour is the mating contact at deviation only 10ths of a millimeter on the edge, the contact can not close properly and it creates a significant arc.
  • the invention solves two major technical problems.
  • a short reaction time is ensured by the sensory, ie ultimately electronic arc fault detection.
  • the correspondingly complementarily contoured contact points that not only the short-circuit contact is reached as fast as possible after the ignition of the explosive charge and accelerating the short-circuiting element, but also held.
  • a complementary structuring prevents the same bounce after impact of the short-circuiting element and thereby generates an arc again. Rather, an arc-free short-circuit contact is ensured by the complementary structuring.
  • the essence of the invention is that the short-circuit switching element is provided with an outer cone and the contact structure electrically connected to the three-phase conductor with a correspondingly complementary cone opening.
  • This concrete complementary structuring of outer cone and inner cone causes the outer cone of the short circuit switching element by means of explosive charge into the cone opening of the mating contact shoots and holds there without additional necessary holding forces in the contact state. This property is referred to here as self-locking. The fact that the contact point can not solve so, an arc is prevented.
  • flank angle of the cone or the cone opening is between 2 ° and 60 °.
  • the said self-locking is ensured, which reliably prevents the conical short-circuit contact from rebounding out of the conical opening.
  • Short-circuit switching device revealed. This results in a compact but also safe design.
  • Another variant consists in that in each case one short circuit switching element and one contact structure per phase of the three-phase conductor network is provided, and that the three contact structures are electrically interconnected to form a neutral point.
  • the star point can be grounded.
  • the short circuit switching device is provided with at least one sensor which is arranged in the region of the switching elements of the medium or high voltage switchgear and serves to detect an arc fault, via which an ignition device of the short circuit switching device can be actuated within a time T ⁇ 10 ms.
  • the short-circuiter is arranged within a switchgear consisting of one or more panels directly in the current path of the feed. During the switching process, it closes (in the event of a fault) the phases "short" in such a way that the circuit closes parallel to the supply switch and an arc that may have arisen in an outgoing field is immediately deleted.
  • the short-circuiter consists of only "three-phase” ( Fig.1 ) or also from “several individual” vacuum interrupters ( Fig.2 ) can exist. If the individual "several” (eg 3 pieces) vacuum interrupters are interconnected in a star-shaped manner, the star point can be earthed. In a grounded case, it is necessary to use a more complex earth current path within a switchgear. The use of vacuum technology ensures a constant current independent functionality throughout the lifetime.
  • the invention finds application in air or gas insulated medium voltage switchgear of the "primary and secondary distribution" application.
  • the invention relates to a device for extinguishing an arc fault in a closed or open switchgear, which, in particular due to a phase short circuit between the phases (R, S; S, T) with "two" vacuum switch chambers or with “one” vacuum switch chamber, the three phases (R , S and T) short-circuit each other in the event of a fault.
  • this vacuum switching chamber contains the three phase conductors (R, S and T), the structure corresponds to a star shape. However, in this arrangement, the neutral point can not be grounded.
  • the device is designed so that two conductors are permanently installed in a vacuum interrupter chamber and a conductor "normal" (perpendicular to) is the two conductors and is designed to be movable. The movable ladder is accelerated with a blasting sleeve (after its explosion) in the direction of the other two conductors and causes the three-phase short circuit in the device.
  • This vacuum interrupter chamber also contains contact pieces which remain in the switched-on (short-circuited) position for self-locking after short-circuiting.
  • Fig.1 is a "three - phase" short circuit vacuum chamber (VK) with the conductors R; S; T 8 and 5, which has a movable supply line 5 in addition to the two soldered-in the VK leads.
  • VK vacuum chamber
  • Above the piston is an explosive device 1, which holds the piston 2 at the upper position, so that the contact pieces 7 and 8 are kept at a distance. Another way to keep the piston 2 at this position can be achieved by a wire or rod between the piston and cover 3 .
  • explosive device 1 will explode after detection (light sensor + electronic evaluation unit + tripping ⁇ ignition output) and tripping.
  • the piston In the pressure chamber, designed here as a pressure-tight cover 3 , the piston is accelerated together with the movable supply line 5 in the VK inside. The insulation between the two conductors takes over an insulator 9. The contact point 7 and 8 is closed very quickly.
  • the lead contact piece 7 is designed correspondingly conical, so that after switching on (the closing of the contact pieces), the contact pieces remain securely due to the mechanical self-locking in the on position.
  • the vacuum tightness can be achieved as shown here via a bellows.
  • the power transmission on the moving side can be realized by a multi-contact track system or via a power band solution.
  • FIG. 2 is the single - phase short circuit vacuum switching chamber (VK) 9, which is located between the three conductors R, S; and S; T can be switched, shown. Furthermore, there is the possibility that a vacuum interrupter chamber 9 is arranged per phase. In this case, the resulting neutral point can be executed open but also grounded switched.
  • the VK 9 has in addition to a permanently soldered supply line 1 with a contact area 8, a movable supply line 5 . The insulation between the two conductors takes over an insulator 9. On the movable supply line 5 with a conical contact area 7 is located outside the vacuum and above the lid 4, a piston 2, which may be designed as shown.
  • an explosive device 1 which holds the piston at the upper position, so that the contact pieces are kept in vacuum 6 at a distance. Another way to keep the piston in this position can through a wire or rod between the piston and cover 3 can be achieved.
  • explosive device 1 will explode after detection (light sensor + electronic evaluation unit + tripping ⁇ ignition output) and tripping.
  • the pressure chamber here designed as a pressure-tight lid
  • the piston is accelerated together with the movable supply line in the VK inside.
  • the contact point is closed very quickly.
  • the lead contact piece is designed conically, so that after switching on (the closing of the contact pieces), the contact pieces remain securely due to the mechanical self-locking in the on position.
  • the vacuum tightness can be achieved as shown here via a bellows.
  • the power transmission on the moving side can be realized by a multi-contact track system or via a power band solution.
  • Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram with the three phases R; S; T; shown.
  • For protection is located in the three phases of the "three-phase" short-circuiting 1, the after Fig. 1 executed and connected to the three phases. If an arc 3 occurs between the phases or towards the earth, the arc is optically detected, for example, and the blasting sleeve in the VK 1 is exploded via the control unit 2. After closing the contacts, the current commutes in the VK 1 and the arc 3 ceases.
  • Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram with the three phases R; S; T; shown.
  • the after Fig. 2 executed and connected to the phases (R, S, S, T).
  • the arc is optically detected, for example, and the blasting sleeve in the VK 1 is exploded via the control unit 2. After closing the contacts, the current commutes in the VK 1 and the arc 3 ceases.

Description

Mittelspannungs- Schaltanlagen haben die Aufgabe, den Energiefluss zu verteilen und eine sichere Betriebsführung zu gewährleisten. Ein Störlichtbogen, der innerhalb einer Schaltanlage entsteht, erzeugt aufgrund seiner Temperatur einen starken Druckanstieg des Gases in einem Zeitraum von wenigen Millisekunden, was zu einer Zerstörung der Schaltanlage durch Explosion führen kann. Daher werden Maßnahmen getroffen, damit der Druck möglichst schnell abgebaut wird.Medium-voltage switchgears have the task of distributing the energy flow and ensuring safe operation. Due to its temperature, an arc that occurs within a switchgear generates a large pressure rise of the gas over a period of a few milliseconds, which can lead to a destruction of the switchgear due to an explosion. Therefore, measures are taken to reduce the pressure as quickly as possible.

Die Entstehung von Lichtbögen kann durch geeignete Bauweise sehr stark eingeschränkt werden, beispielsweise durch eine innere Unterteilung des Schaltfeldes (Schottung). Zu diesem Zweck besitzen die einzelnen Schaltfelder einer Schaltanlage Druckentlastungsöffnungen oder Druckentlastungskanäle, über die das Gas in die Umgebung abströmen kann. Die Auswirkungen eines Störlichtbogens lassen sich indessen in erster Linie durch eine Verringerung der Lichtbogendauer begrenzen.The emergence of arcs can be very much restricted by suitable design, for example, by an internal subdivision of the panel (bulkhead). For this purpose, the individual panels of a switchgear have pressure relief ports or pressure relief channels through which the gas can flow into the environment. However, the effects of an arc fault can be limited primarily by reducing the duration of the arc.

Bekannt sind solche ausschließlich dreiphasige Kurzschließer, die unter Luft oder SF6 schalten. In jedem Fall vermindert sich infolge des hohen Einschaltstromes bei wiederholtem Schalten das Schalt- und Isoliervermögen. Bei Einsatz einer Vakuumschaltkammer dagegen bleiben diese elektrischen Eigenschaften mit zunehmender Schaltspielzahl praktisch unverändert.Known are those exclusively three-phase short circuiters that switch under air or SF6. In any case, due to the high inrush current with repeated switching reduces the switching and insulating capacity. When using a vacuum interrupter, however, these electrical properties remain virtually unchanged with increasing number of cycles.

In den von der ABB AG gefertigten Schaltanlagen werden zum Personenschutz Kapselungen eingesetzt, die beim Auftreten eines inneren Fehlers einen ausreichenden Schutz bieten (z.B. bei der Ausbildung eines Lichtbogens in einem Gasraum (Störlichtbogen)). Der durch einen auftretenden Störlichtbogen entstehender Energiefluss wird innerhalb der Anlage gesteuert und verteilt. Dazu werden diese Kapselungen entsprechend druckfest ausgeführt. Gegen ein An- bzw. Durchschmelzen einer Kapselung werden ausreichende Maßnahmen ergriffen, die eine Lichtbogenfestigkeit der Einrichtung und damit eine sichere Betriebsführung einer Schaltanlage gewährleisten. In einzelnen Anwendungen werden bereits Kurzschließsysteme eingesetzt, die sich in der Regel auf einphasige Systeme beziehen (z.B. gegen Erde oder zwischen den Phasen eingesetzt) oder auch dreiphasig ausgeführt sind. Aus der DE19746809A1 ist ein Kurzschließer für eine Störlichtbogen-Schutzvorrichtung zur Verwendung in Anlagen zur Verteilung elektrischer Energie mit einem Gasgenerator und ein direkt von dem Gasgenerator angetriebenes kurzschließendes Element bekannt, wobei das kurzschließende Element aus einem Kurzschließerkolben mit mindestens einem zylindrischen und einem konischen Abschnitt besteht, soll innerhalb einer Millisekunde einen prellungsfreien Schaltvorgang ermöglichen und hohe Ströme, beispielsweise 100 kA, über mehrere 100 ms, vorzugsweise 500 ms, übertragen. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Kurzschließerkolben aus einem vorderen zylindrischen Abschnitt besteht, der in eine ebenfalls zylindrische Bohrung eines kurzzuschließenden Teils stoßartig bewegt wird und dass der vordere zylindrische Abschnitt gegenüber der Bohrung mit einer Spielpassung versehen ist. Aus der WO 96/19816 A ist zwar ebenfalls eine Einrichtung und ein Verfahren bekannt, mit den oberbegrifflichen Merkmalen. Mit dem Einsatz einer Sprengladung als Antrieb ist die Kurzschließereinrichtung im Schalthub zwar schnell. Ausschlaggebend ist aber letztendlich, welche Zeit für Erfassung des Störlichbogens bis zur Schaltbetätigung benötigt wirdIn the switchgear units manufactured by ABB AG, encapsulations are used for personal protection, which provide adequate protection in the event of an internal fault (eg during the formation of an arc in a gas chamber (arc fault)). The resulting from an incidental arc energy flow is controlled and distributed within the system. For this purpose, these encapsulations are carried out according to pressure-resistant. Sufficient measures are taken against a melting or fusing of an encapsulation, which ensure an arc resistance of the device and thus safe operation of a switchgear. Short-circuit systems are already used in individual applications, which generally refer to single-phase systems (eg used against earth or between phases) or are also designed as three-phase systems. From the DE19746809A1 a short-circuiting device for an arc fault protection device for use in electrical energy distribution systems with a gas generator and a short-circuiting element driven directly by the gas generator, the short-circuiting element consisting of a short-circuiting piston having at least one cylindrical and one conical section, is intended to be within one Millisecond enable bounce-free switching operation and high currents, for example, 100 kA, over several 100 ms, preferably 500 ms, transmitted. This is achieved in that the short-circuiting piston consists of a front cylindrical portion which is jerkily moved into a likewise cylindrical bore of a part to be short-circuited and that the front cylindrical portion is provided with a clearance against the bore. From the WO 96/19816 A Although a device and a method is also known, with the above-mentioned features. With the use of an explosive charge as a drive, the short-circuiting device in the switching stroke is indeed fast. Ultimately, however, the decisive factor is the time required to detect the fault arc up to the switching operation

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kurzschlussschalteinrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art dahingehend zu verbessern, dass ein Lichtbogen in der Kurzschlussschalteinrichtung sicher verhindert, und der so zu löschende Störlichtbogen in der Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage sicher kommuitiert werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object to improve a short circuit switching device of the generic type to the effect that an arc in the short-circuiting device safely prevented, and the so-to-delete arc in the medium or high voltage switchgear can be safely commuted.

Hinsichtlich einer Kurzschlussschalteinrichtung gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1, ist die gestellte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.With regard to a short circuit switching device according to the preamble of claim 1, the stated object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den übrigen abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the remaining dependent claims.

Bekannte Kurzschließer schalten im Zusammenwirken mit dem vorgeordneten Leistungsschalter zu langsam. Zumeist sind sie außerdem durch ihren dreiphasigen Aufbau technisch zu kompliziert und kostenintensiv. In allen drei Phasen verbinden diese Kurzschließer beim Schaltvorgang die zuvor spannungsführende Strombahn mit Erde oder auch zwischen den einzelnen Phasen. Dies wiederum erfordert eine kompakte, aufwendige Erdstrombahn zum kurzzeitigen Führen des zumeist hohen Fehlerstromes. Des Weiteren vermindern sich strombedingt sowohl Schalt - als auch Isoliervermögen während der Lebensdauer.Known short-circuiters switch too slowly in conjunction with the upstream circuit breaker. In most cases, they are also technically too complicated and costly due to their three-phase structure. In all three phases, these short-circuiters connect the previously live current path with earth or between the individual phases during the switching process. This in turn requires a compact, complex Erdstrombahn for short-term management of the usually high fault current. Furthermore, due to the current, both switching and insulating capacity decrease during the service life.

Ausserdem ist die zylindriche Ausführung, bei der Kurzschlussschaltelement und Gegenkontakt wobei diese sogar bis auf eine Spielfassung aufeinander abgestimmt sind, technisch zu schwierig. Durch normale Lagerspiele oder Abweichungen bei der Zündung kommt es zu einem nicht zielgerechten Schuß und die zu genau bemaßte Zylinderkontur setzt am Gegenkontakt bei Abweichung nur 10tel Milimeter am Rand auf, der Kontakt kann nicht mehr richtig schließen und es entsteht ein erheblicher Lichtbogen.In addition, the cylindrical design, in the short-circuiting element and mating contact whereby these are even matched to a game version, technically too difficult. By normal bearing clearances or deviations in the ignition, it comes to an unsuitable shot and the too dimensioned cylinder contour is the mating contact at deviation only 10ths of a millimeter on the edge, the contact can not close properly and it creates a significant arc.

Die Erfindung löst dabei zwei wesentliche technische Probleme.The invention solves two major technical problems.

Zum einen wird durch die sensorische also letztendlich elektronische Störlichtbogenerfassung eine kurze Reaktionszeit gewährleistet. Zum anderen wird durch die entsprechend komplementär konturierten Kontaktstellen erreicht, dass nach dem Zünden der Sprengladung und Beschleunigen des Kurzschlussschaltelementes nicht nur der Kurzschlusskontakt möglichst schnelle erreicht wird, sondern auch gehalten wird. Durch eine komplementäre Strukturierung wird verhindert, dass nach Anprallen des Kurzschlussschaltelementes dasselbe abprallen kann und dabei wieder einer Lichtbogen erzeugt. Vielmehr wird durch die komplementäre Strukturierung ein lichtbogenfreier Kurzschlusskontakt gewährleistet.On the one hand, a short reaction time is ensured by the sensory, ie ultimately electronic arc fault detection. On the other hand is achieved by the correspondingly complementarily contoured contact points that not only the short-circuit contact is reached as fast as possible after the ignition of the explosive charge and accelerating the short-circuiting element, but also held. By a complementary structuring prevents the same bounce after impact of the short-circuiting element and thereby generates an arc again. Rather, an arc-free short-circuit contact is ensured by the complementary structuring.

Dabei ist ausgestaltet, das Kurzschlussschaltelement innerhalb einer Zeit T≤10 millisekunden zu betätigen.It is designed to operate the short-circuiting element within a time T≤10 milliseconds.

Im Hinblick auf eine Kurzschlussschalteinrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art, besteht der Kern der Erfindung darin, dass das Kurzschlussschaltelement mit einem Aussenkonus und die mit dem Drehstromleiter elektrisch verbundene Kontaktstruktur mit einer entsprechend komplementären Konusöffnung versehen ist.With regard to a short-circuit switching device of the generic type, the essence of the invention is that the short-circuit switching element is provided with an outer cone and the contact structure electrically connected to the three-phase conductor with a correspondingly complementary cone opening.

Diese konkrete komplementäre Strukturierung von Aussenkonus und Innenkonus bewirkt, dass der Aussenkonus des Kurzschlussschaltelementes mittels Sprengladung in die Konusöffnung des Gegenkontaktes hineinschießt und dort ohne zusätzlich notwendigen Haltekräfte im Kontaktzustand festhält. Diese Eigenschaft sei hier weiter als Selbsthemmung bezeichnet. Dadurch dass sich die Kontaktstelle so nicht mehr lösen kann, wird auch ein Lichtbogen verhindert.This concrete complementary structuring of outer cone and inner cone causes the outer cone of the short circuit switching element by means of explosive charge into the cone opening of the mating contact shoots and holds there without additional necessary holding forces in the contact state. This property is referred to here as self-locking. The fact that the contact point can not solve so, an arc is prevented.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass der Flankenwinkel des Konus bzw der Konusöffnung zwischen 2° und 60° liegt.
In diesem definitiven Bereich der Konusausformung ist die besagte Selbsthemmung gewährleitet, die ein Rückprallen des konischen Kurzschlusskontaktes aus der konischen Öffnung auf sichere Weise verhindert.In an advantageous embodiment, it is indicated that the flank angle of the cone or the cone opening is between 2 ° and 60 °.
In this definitive region of the cone formation, the said self-locking is ensured, which reliably prevents the conical short-circuit contact from rebounding out of the conical opening.

Weiterhin ist ausgestaltet, dass ein Kurzschlussschaltelement und eine Kontaktstruktur innerhalb einer Vakuumkammer angeordnet und eine einphasigeFurthermore, it is configured that a short-circuit switching element and a contact structure arranged within a vacuum chamber and a single-phase

Kurzschlusschalteinrichtung ergeben. Dies ergibt eine kompakte aber auch sichere Bauform.Short-circuit switching device revealed. This results in a compact but also safe design.

Weiterhin ist vorteilhaft ausgestaltet, dass jeweils ein Kurzschlussschaltelement und eine Kontaktstruktur zwischen jeweils zwei Phasen des Drehstromleiternetzes geschaltet ist.Furthermore, it is advantageously configured that in each case a short circuit switching element and a contact structure between two phases of the three-phase conductor network is connected.

Eine andere Variant besteht darin, dass jeweils ein Kurzschlussschaltelement und eine Kontaktstruktur pro Phase des Drehstromleiternetzes vorgesehen ist, und dass die 3 Kontaktstrukturen zu einem Sternpunkt elektrisch zusammengeschaltet sind.Another variant consists in that in each case one short circuit switching element and one contact structure per phase of the three-phase conductor network is provided, and that the three contact structures are electrically interconnected to form a neutral point.

Der Sternpunkt kann dabei geerdet sein.The star point can be grounded.

In der Ausgestaltung ist die Kurzschlussschalteinrichtung mit mindestens einen Sensor versehen, der im Bereich der Schaltelemente der Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage angeordnet ist und zur Erfassung eines Störlichtbogens dient, über welchen innerhalb einer Zeit T≤ 10 ms eine Zündeinrichtung der Kurzschlussschalteinrichtung betätigbar ist.In the embodiment, the short circuit switching device is provided with at least one sensor which is arranged in the region of the switching elements of the medium or high voltage switchgear and serves to detect an arc fault, via which an ignition device of the short circuit switching device can be actuated within a time T≤ 10 ms.

Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und nachfolgend näher beschrieben.The invention is illustrated in the drawing and described in more detail below.

Der Kurzschließer wird innerhalb einer Schaltanlage bestehend aus einem oder mehreren Schaltfeldern direkt im Strompfad der Einspeisung angeordnet. Beim Schaltvorgang schließt er (im Fehlerfall) die Phasen dahingehend "kurz", dass sich der Stromkreis parallel zum Einspeiseschalter schließt und ein eventuell in einem Abgangsfeld entstandener Lichtbogen umgehend gelöscht wird.
Hervorzuheben ist, dass der Kurzschließer aus nur "einer dreiphasigen" (Fig.1) oder auch aus "mehreren einzelnen" Vakuumschaltkammern (Fig.2) bestehen kann. Werden die einzelnen "mehrere" (z.B. 3 Stück) Vakuumschaltkammern sternförmig verschaltet, so kann der Sternpunkt geerdet werden. Im geerdeten Fall ist der Einsatz einer aufwendigeren Erdstrombahn innerhalb einer Schaltanlage erforderlich. Der Einsatz der Vakuumtechnik sichert eine stromunabhängige, gleich bleibende Funktionalität während der gesamten Lebensdauer.The short-circuiter is arranged within a switchgear consisting of one or more panels directly in the current path of the feed. During the switching process, it closes (in the event of a fault) the phases "short" in such a way that the circuit closes parallel to the supply switch and an arc that may have arisen in an outgoing field is immediately deleted.
It should be emphasized that the short-circuiter consists of only "three-phase" ( Fig.1 ) or also from "several individual" vacuum interrupters ( Fig.2 ) can exist. If the individual "several" (eg 3 pieces) vacuum interrupters are interconnected in a star-shaped manner, the star point can be earthed. In a grounded case, it is necessary to use a more complex earth current path within a switchgear. The use of vacuum technology ensures a constant current independent functionality throughout the lifetime.

Durch die drastische Reduzierung der Lichtbogenzeit, d.h. durch die erhebliche Verminderung der mechanischen und thermischen Belastung innerhalb einer Schaltanlage im Fehlerfall können kostengünstige, kompakte Schaltfelder und Komponenten entwickelt und gefertigt werden. Die Erfindung findet in luft - oder gasisolierten Mittelspannungs-Schaltanlagen der "primary and secondary distribution" Anwendung.
Es wird eine Einrichtung zum Löschen eines Störlichtbogens in einer geschlossenen oder offenen Schaltanlage beschrieben, die besonders aufgrund eines Phasenkurzschlusses zwischen den Phasen (R, S; S, T) mit "zwei" Vakuumschaltkammern bzw. mit "einer" Vakuumschaltkammer die drei Phasen (R, S und T) im Fehlerfall miteinander kurzschließt. Beim Auftreten eines Fehlers, im vorliegenden Fall eines Störlichtbogens, schließen die beiden Vakuumschaltkammern oder die "dreiphasige" Vakuumschaltkammer, in die damit der Strom des Störlichtbogens kommutiert. Erreicht wird das durch den Einsatz einer Sprenghülse (Sprengsatzes), welche auf einer Seite einer Vakuumschaltkammer angeordnet ist und welche nach dem Zünden den beweglich ausgeführten Leiter in Richtung des Festkontaktes beschleunigt. Für eine feste Verbindung der beiden Leiter nach dem Einschalten der Einheit (Kurzschließen) werden die beiden Leiterkontaktstücke (Schalt- und Festkontaktstück) zum einen konisch und zum anderen in Tulpenform ausgeführt, so dass nach dem Einschalten so genannte "Selbsthemmung" auftritt und die beiden Bauteile im geschlossenen Zustand verbleiben. Eine dauerhaft anliegende Andruckkraft im eingeschalteten Zustand ist nicht erforderlich.
Besteht der Kurzschließer aus nur "einer" Vakuumschaltkammer enthält diese Vakuumschaltkammer die drei Leiter der Phasen (R, S und T), der Aufbau entspricht einer Sternform. Jedoch kann der Sternpunkt bei dieser Anordnung nicht geerdet ausgeführt sein. Die Einrichtung ist so ausgeführt, dass zwei Leiter fest in eine Vakuumschaltkammer eingebaut sind und ein Leiter "Normal" (senkrecht dazu) zu den beiden Leitern steht und beweglich ausgeführt ist. Der beweglich ausgeführte Leiter wird mit einer Sprenghülse (nach deren Explosion) in Richtung der beiden anderen Leiter beschleunigt und verursacht den dreiphasigen Kurzschluss in der Einrichtung. Auch diese Vakuumschaltkammer enthält Kontaktstücke die zur Selbsthemmung nach dem Kurzschließen in der eingeschalteten (kurzgeschlossenen) Position verbleiben.By drastically reducing the arc time, ie by significantly reducing the mechanical and thermal stress within a switchgear in case of failure cost-effective, compact panels and components can be developed and manufactured. The invention finds application in air or gas insulated medium voltage switchgear of the "primary and secondary distribution" application.
The invention relates to a device for extinguishing an arc fault in a closed or open switchgear, which, in particular due to a phase short circuit between the phases (R, S; S, T) with "two" vacuum switch chambers or with "one" vacuum switch chamber, the three phases (R , S and T) short-circuit each other in the event of a fault. When an error occurs, in this case an arc fault, close the two vacuum interrupters or the "three-phase" vacuum interrupter, in which commutes the current of the arc fault. This is achieved by the use of a blasting (explosive), which is arranged on one side of a vacuum interrupter chamber and which accelerates after the ignition of the movable conductor in the direction of the fixed contact. For a firm connection of the two conductors after switching on the unit (short-circuiting), the two conductor contact pieces (switching and fixed contact piece) are conical and the other in tulip form, so that after switching so-called "self-locking" occurs and the two components remain in the closed state. A permanently applied pressure force when switched on is not required.
If the short circuiter consists of only "one" vacuum switching chamber, this vacuum switching chamber contains the three phase conductors (R, S and T), the structure corresponds to a star shape. However, in this arrangement, the neutral point can not be grounded. The device is designed so that two conductors are permanently installed in a vacuum interrupter chamber and a conductor "normal" (perpendicular to) is the two conductors and is designed to be movable. The movable ladder is accelerated with a blasting sleeve (after its explosion) in the direction of the other two conductors and causes the three-phase short circuit in the device. This vacuum interrupter chamber also contains contact pieces which remain in the switched-on (short-circuited) position for self-locking after short-circuiting.

In der Fig.1 ist eine "dreiphasige" Kurzschließer - Vakuumschaltkammer (VK) mit den Leitern R; S; T 8 und 5 dargestellt, die neben den beiden fest in die VK eingelöteten Zuleitungen 8 eine bewegliche Zuleitung 5 aufweist. Auf der beweglichen Zuleitung 5 befindet sich außerhalb des Vakuums 6 und oberhalb des Deckels 4 ein Kolben 2, der wie gezeigt ausgeführt sein kann. Oberhalb des Kolbens befindet sich ein Sprengsatz 1, der den Kolben 2 an der oberen Position hält, so dass die Kontaktstücke 7 und 8 auf Abstand gehalten werden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit den Kolben 2 an dieser Position zu halten kann durch einen Draht oder auch Stab zwischen Kolben und Deckel 3 erreicht werden. Im Fehlerfall wird der Sprengsatz 1 nach dem Detektieren (Lichtsensor + Elektronikauswerteeinheit + Auslösung → Zündausgang) und Auslösen zur Explosion gebracht. In dem Druckraum, hier als ein druckfester Deckel 3 ausgeführt, wird der Kolben zusammen mit der beweglichen Zuleitung 5 in die VK hinein beschleunigt. Die Isolation zwischen den beiden Leitern übernimmt ein Isolator 9. Dabei wird die Kontaktstelle 7 und 8 sehr rasch geschlossen. Das Zuleitungskontaktstück 7 ist entsprechend konisch ausgeführt, so dass nach dem Einschalten (dem Schließen der Kontaktstücke) die Kontaktstücke aufgrund der mechanischen Selbsthemmung in der eingeschalteten Position sicher verharren. Die Vakuumdichtigkeit kann wie hier dargestellt über einen Balg erreicht werden. Die Stromübertragung auf der beweglichen Seite lässt sich durch ein Multikontaktgleitsystem oder auch über eine Strombandlösung realisieren.In the Fig.1 is a "three - phase" short circuit vacuum chamber (VK) with the conductors R; S; T 8 and 5, which has a movable supply line 5 in addition to the two soldered-in the VK leads. 8 On the movable supply line 5 is located outside the vacuum 6 and above the lid 4, a piston 2, which may be designed as shown. Above the piston is an explosive device 1, which holds the piston 2 at the upper position, so that the contact pieces 7 and 8 are kept at a distance. Another way to keep the piston 2 at this position can be achieved by a wire or rod between the piston and cover 3 . In the event of a fault, explosive device 1 will explode after detection (light sensor + electronic evaluation unit + tripping → ignition output) and tripping. In the pressure chamber, designed here as a pressure-tight cover 3 , the piston is accelerated together with the movable supply line 5 in the VK inside. The insulation between the two conductors takes over an insulator 9. The contact point 7 and 8 is closed very quickly. The lead contact piece 7 is designed correspondingly conical, so that after switching on (the closing of the contact pieces), the contact pieces remain securely due to the mechanical self-locking in the on position. The vacuum tightness can be achieved as shown here via a bellows. The power transmission on the moving side can be realized by a multi-contact track system or via a power band solution.

In der Fig. 2 ist die einphasige Kurzschließer - Vakuumschaltkammer (VK) 9, die zwischen die drei Leitern R, S; und S; T geschaltet werden kann, dargestellt. Des Weiteren besteht die Möglichkeit, dass je Phase eine Vakuumschaltkammer 9 angeordnet wird. Dabei kann der entstehende Sternpunkt offen aber auch geerdet geschaltet ausgeführt werden kann. Die VK 9 weist neben einer fest eingelöteten Zuleitung 1 mit einem Kontaktbereich 8 eine bewegliche Zuleitung 5 auf. Die Isolation zwischen den beiden Leitern übernimmt ein Isolator 9. Auf der beweglichen Zuleitung 5 mit einem konisch ausgeführten Kontaktbereich 7 befindet sich außerhalb des Vakuums und oberhalb des Deckels 4 ein Kolben 2, der wie gezeigt ausgeführt sein kann. Oberhalb des Kolbens 2 befindet sich ein Sprengsatz 1, der den Kolben an der oberen Position hält, so dass die Kontaktstücke im Vakuum 6 auf Abstand gehalten werden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit den Kolben an dieser Position zu halten kann durch einen Draht oder auch Stab zwischen Kolben und Deckel 3 erreicht werden. Im Fehlerfall wird der Sprengsatz 1 nach dem Detektieren (Lichtsensor + Elektronikauswerteeinheit + Auslösung → Zündausgang) und Auslösen zur Explosion gebracht. In dem Druckraum, hier als ein druckfester Deckel ausgeführt, wird der Kolben zusammen mit der beweglichen Zuleitung in die VK hinein beschleunigt. Dabei wird die Kontaktstelle sehr rasch geschlossen. Das Zuleitungskontaktstück ist entsprechend konisch ausgeführt, so dass nach dem Einschalten (dem Schließen der Kontaktstücke) die Kontaktstücke aufgrund der mechanischen Selbsthemmung in der eingeschalteten Position sicher verharren. Die Vakuumdichtigkeit kann wie hier dargestellt über einen Balg erreicht werden. Die Stromübertragung auf der beweglichen Seite lässt sich durch ein Multikontaktgleitsystem oder auch über eine Strombandlösung realisieren.In the Fig. 2 is the single - phase short circuit vacuum switching chamber (VK) 9, which is located between the three conductors R, S; and S; T can be switched, shown. Furthermore, there is the possibility that a vacuum interrupter chamber 9 is arranged per phase. In this case, the resulting neutral point can be executed open but also grounded switched. The VK 9 has in addition to a permanently soldered supply line 1 with a contact area 8, a movable supply line 5 . The insulation between the two conductors takes over an insulator 9. On the movable supply line 5 with a conical contact area 7 is located outside the vacuum and above the lid 4, a piston 2, which may be designed as shown. Above the piston 2 is an explosive device 1, which holds the piston at the upper position, so that the contact pieces are kept in vacuum 6 at a distance. Another way to keep the piston in this position can through a wire or rod between the piston and cover 3 can be achieved. In the event of a fault, explosive device 1 will explode after detection (light sensor + electronic evaluation unit + tripping → ignition output) and tripping. In the pressure chamber, here designed as a pressure-tight lid, the piston is accelerated together with the movable supply line in the VK inside. The contact point is closed very quickly. The lead contact piece is designed conically, so that after switching on (the closing of the contact pieces), the contact pieces remain securely due to the mechanical self-locking in the on position. The vacuum tightness can be achieved as shown here via a bellows. The power transmission on the moving side can be realized by a multi-contact track system or via a power band solution.

In Fig. 3 ist das Schaltbild mit den drei Phasen R; S; T; dargestellt. Zum Schutz befindet sich im Bereich der drei Phasen der "dreiphasigen" Kurzschließer 1, der nach Fig. 1 ausgeführt und mit den drei Phasen verbunden ist. Tritt ein Störlichtbogen 3 zwischen den Phasen oder zur Erde hin auf, wird der Lichtbogen z.B. optisch detektiert und über die Steuereinheit 2 wird die Sprenghülse in der VK 1 zur Explosion gebracht. Nach dem Schließen der Kontaktstücke kommutiert der Strom in die VK 1 und der Störlichtbogen 3 verlischt.In Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram with the three phases R; S; T; shown. For protection is located in the three phases of the "three-phase" short-circuiting 1, the after Fig. 1 executed and connected to the three phases. If an arc 3 occurs between the phases or towards the earth, the arc is optically detected, for example, and the blasting sleeve in the VK 1 is exploded via the control unit 2. After closing the contacts, the current commutes in the VK 1 and the arc 3 ceases.

In Fig. 4 ist das Schaltbild mit den drei Phasen R; S; T; dargestellt. Zum Schutz befinden sich zwischen den drei Phasen "einphasige" Kurzschließer 1, der nach Fig. 2 ausgeführt und mit den Phasen (R, S; S, T) verbunden ist. Tritt ein Störlichtbogen 3 zwischen den Phasen oder zur Erde hin auf, wird der Lichtbogen z.B. optisch detektiert und über die Steuereinheit 2 wird die Sprenghülse in der VK 1 zur Explosion gebracht. Nach dem Schließen der Kontaktstücke kommutiert der Strom in die VK 1 und der Störlichtbogen 3 verlischt.In Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram with the three phases R; S; T; shown. For protection are between the three phases "single-phase" short-circuiting 1, the after Fig. 2 executed and connected to the phases (R, S, S, T). If an arc 3 occurs between the phases or towards the earth, the arc is optically detected, for example, and the blasting sleeve in the VK 1 is exploded via the control unit 2. After closing the contacts, the current commutes in the VK 1 and the arc 3 ceases.

Claims (5)

  1. Short circuit switching device for a medium or high voltage equipment, in which the short-circuit switching element (5) is provided with an actuation explosive charge (1), via which the short-circuit switching element (5) can be accelerated on a three-phase conductor structure (10), wherein the short-circuit switching element (5) is provided with an outer cone (7) and the contact structure (8) electrically connected to the rotary power head (10) is provided with a corresponding complementary cone opening (3), wherein the short circuit equipment comprises at least one sensor, which is arranged in the area of the switching elements of the medium or high voltage switchgear and is used to detect an arc fault, via which an ignition device of short-circuit switching element can be actuated within a time T ≤ 10 ms, is characterized in that the complementary structuring of short-circuit element (5) and three-phase conductor (10) can prevent a rebound of the short-circuit element (5), and that a short circuit switching element (5) and a contact structure (7, 8) is arranged within a vacuum chamber and produce a single-phase short circuit switching element.
  2. Short circuit switching device according to claim 1,
    is characterized in
    that the flank angle of the cone (7) or the cone opening (8) is between 2° and 60°.
  3. Short-circuit switching device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 2
    is characterized in
    that a short-circuit switching element (5) and a contact structure (7, 8) each are connected between respective two phases of the three phase conductor network.
  4. Short-circuit switching device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 2
    is characterized in
    that a short-circuit switching element (5) and a contact structure (7, 8) each is provided per phase of the three-phase conductor network, and that the 3 contact structures are electrically connected together to a star point.
  5. Short-circuit switching device according to claim 4
    is characterized in
    that the star point is earthed.
EP07725567.7A 2006-05-30 2007-05-25 Short circuit device Active EP2030212B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006024991A DE102006024991A1 (en) 2006-05-30 2006-05-30 Method for extinguishing an arc within a medium and high voltage switchgear, as well as short-circuiting device itself
PCT/EP2007/004671 WO2007137780A1 (en) 2006-05-30 2007-05-25 Method for extinguishing an interference arc in a mid- and high-tension switchgear assembly and short circuit device itself

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2030212A1 EP2030212A1 (en) 2009-03-04
EP2030212B1 true EP2030212B1 (en) 2016-03-09

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EP07725567.7A Active EP2030212B1 (en) 2006-05-30 2007-05-25 Short circuit device

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US (1) US20090120773A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2030212B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101454859B (en)
DE (2) DE102006024991A1 (en)
HK (1) HK1133950A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007137780A1 (en)

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EP2030212A1 (en) 2009-03-04
US20090120773A1 (en) 2009-05-14
WO2007137780A1 (en) 2007-12-06
CN101454859A (en) 2009-06-10
DE102006024991A1 (en) 2007-12-06
CN101454859B (en) 2012-10-03
HK1133950A1 (en) 2010-04-09
DE202006020625U1 (en) 2009-03-26

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