EP3735703B1 - Short-circuiting device for use in low-voltage and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and persons - Google Patents

Short-circuiting device for use in low-voltage and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and persons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3735703B1
EP3735703B1 EP18812155.2A EP18812155A EP3735703B1 EP 3735703 B1 EP3735703 B1 EP 3735703B1 EP 18812155 A EP18812155 A EP 18812155A EP 3735703 B1 EP3735703 B1 EP 3735703B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
short
circuiting device
contact
contacts
hollow cylinder
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP18812155.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3735703A1 (en
Inventor
Arnd Ehrhardt
Klaus Bühler
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Dehn SE and Co KG
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Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/764—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material in which contacts are held closed by a thermal pellet
    • H01H37/765—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material in which contacts are held closed by a thermal pellet using a sliding contact between a metallic cylindrical housing and a central electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a short-circuiting device for use in low and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and people, comprising a switching element which can be actuated by the trigger signal of a fault detection device, two opposing contact electrodes with means for supplying current, these being connected to a circuit with connections from can be contacted at different potentials, furthermore, in at least one of the contact electrodes, a movable contact part that is under mechanical prestress and, in the event of a short circuit, carries out a movement to the further contact electrode with the support of spring force, a sacrificial element as a spacer between the contact electrodes and with an electrical connection between the sacrificial element and the switching element on the one hand and one of the contact electrodes on the other hand, in order to bring about a current flow-related, thermal deformation or destruction of the sacrificial element in a targeted manner, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the sacrificial element is a thin-walled hollow cylinder with a ratio between diameter and wall thickness of the hollow cylinder of greater than 10:1, the sacrificial element consisting of a high-melting metallic material.
  • the relevant short-circuiter should have a minimum commutation time with simultaneous high mechanical strength for the use of a high spring force with the aim of reducing the movement time and for the purpose of faster response.
  • an insulating body and an auxiliary electrode are located in the stationary contact electrode, the auxiliary electrode being connected to the sacrificial element.
  • the opposing sides of the contact electrodes or the opposing surfaces can have a complementary conical shape with the resultant centering effect when they come into contact in the event of a short circuit.
  • a ventilation channel or a ventilation hole that is effective in the closed state can be effective in order to prevent a pressure increase in the event of a short circuit, in particular when an arc occurs, from generating forces that counteract the contact electrodes moving towards one another with a delay in the closing time.
  • the device for generating the prestressing force can be designed as a compression spring, plate spring or similar spring arrangement.
  • the sacrificial element can be a wire or rod made of a conductive material with a low melt integral, the sacrificial element being under mechanical prestress when in tension.
  • the general task for short-circuiters for system protection is to implement a metallic short-circuit very quickly, so that very high currents can be carried for a short time.
  • Contact bouncing is difficult to avoid when metal contacts close quickly.
  • arcs can occur between the contacts, which severely damage the surface of the contacts, which jeopardizes the safe conduction of the current over a longer period of time.
  • an increased outlay in terms of construction and production is necessary. This higher effort affects the system for moving a corresponding contact part on the one hand, but also the contacts themselves.
  • the relevant short-circuiting device is intended on the one hand to enable full current-carrying capacity over a longer period of time and have status display.
  • the short-circuiting device has two opposing contact electrodes, one of the contact electrodes being provided with a movable contact part that is under mechanical prestress and, in the event of a short circuit, spring-loaded to move toward the further contact electrode, as well as a sacrificial element.
  • a locking arrangement is formed in the head part of a multi-part housing, which accommodates the fixed and the movable contact electrode, and which prevents the movable electrode from moving back after the activation of the sacrificial element.
  • the movable electrode is blocked directly or indirectly a slide following the movement of the movable electrode by a spring-loaded bolt.
  • the DE 20 2012 001729 U1 shows an arrangement for system and personal protection in the low-voltage range by generating a short circuit using a short-circuiting device.
  • the short-circuiting device has a switching element which can be triggered by an arc fault detection, the short-circuiting device comprising two contacts or electrodes which can move relative to one another and which are kept at a distance by a sacrificial element.
  • the switching element the sacrificial element can be influenced in such a way that the mutually movable contacts or electrodes switch to a short-circuit state, with the electrical energy for triggering the switching element resulting exclusively from the energy of the accidental arc that occurs.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a further developed short-circuiting device for use in low and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and people, which has a compact design and a high current-carrying capacity and also allows extremely short closing times to be observed.
  • the teaching falls back on the basic idea of realizing a contact system with reduced bounce, which is related to a plastic deformation of a part of the opposing contacts.
  • the movable contact part is provided with a relatively long, flat-angled cone-shaped contact area and, as a kind of hollow-cylindrical contact, is preferably equipped with a spring drive. In the open state, the movement of the movable contact part is blocked.
  • the prestressing force in particular the spring force, is released and supported by at least one additional force component, which accelerates the closing movement.
  • the movable contact part is located in a stationary contact electrode with the same potential and, when triggered, has a very long, preferably coaxial, sliding contact without additional spring contacts or the like.
  • the sliding contact has a gap of ⁇ 1/10 mm.
  • the kinetic energy of the movable contact part is converted into plastic deformation, which means that contact chatter and a disadvantageous arcing phase can be avoided.
  • the movable contact part is designed as a hollow cylinder that is closed on one side.
  • a spring in the hollow cylinder to generate the preload. This spring can be inserted into the hollow cylinder space in a very simple manner, so that there is no additional installation space for the spring.
  • the hollow cylinder is movably guided in a complementary recess in the first contact electrode, forming a sliding contact.
  • the hollow cylinder is therefore movable like a piston in this recess.
  • its cylinder wall is designed to transition into an outer cone on the outer circumference.
  • a first peg-shaped extension extends inside the hollow cylinder, starting from the hollow cylinder base, which is opposite a second peg-shaped extension which is insulated from the contact electrodes.
  • the already mentioned sacrificial element is located between the first and the second peg-shaped extension.
  • the sacrificial element is preferably designed as a bolt or screw with a corresponding thread.
  • the relevant ends of the bolt or the screw are fixed via the thread or the screw head on the first and second peg-shaped extension.
  • a cutout with an inner cone that is adapted to the outer cone of the movable contact part is provided in the second contact electrode.
  • the outer and inner cones form a bounce-free short-circuit contact area with a positive and non-positive connection due to the plastic deformation that occurs.
  • Ventilation openings connected to the inner cone are provided in the area of the recess. These vent holes are located in the second contact electrode to prevent pressure build-up due to movement of the movable contact part.
  • vents can be plugged with a plug that displaces under pressure.
  • a valve-like closure can be provided in a similar manner, so that the ingress of moisture, dirt or other foreign bodies can be avoided, but on the other hand the unwanted pressure build-up mentioned can be ruled out.
  • the respective cone angle for forming the bounce-free, plastically deformable contact is in the range of ⁇ 3°.
  • the contact electrodes and thus the basic construction of the short-circuiting device is preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical.
  • the contact electrodes are kept at a distance by an insulating centering ring.
  • the overall arrangement is enclosed by an enclosing shell.
  • the movable contact part can move like a piston in the recess of the first contact electrode, with the energy released when the sacrificial element is destroyed and/or the energy of an arc produced accelerating the movement on the bottom of the movable contact and leading to a reduction in the closing time.
  • the second peg-shaped extension is surrounded by an insulating tube made of gas-releasing material.
  • the insulating tube may be provided with a protective metallic sheath at least partially surrounding the insulating tube.
  • a new type of switching element which is designed on the basis of a bridge igniter, is used.
  • This novel auxiliary short circuiter has a high switching speed comparable to that of a semiconductor switch and a limited current carrying capacity that is coordinated with the sacrificial element and the closing of the main contacts of the main short circuiter.
  • a bridge igniter has a fuse wire which is activated by a low level, low voltage current flow.
  • Bridge igniters are commonly used to ignite reactive masses. Without the use of such reactive masses, they have no explosive power and do not require any restrictions with regard to handling and storage. Due to the lack of explosive power, such bridge detonators cannot do any significant work, which means that they cannot be used as short-circuiters with any significant current-carrying capacity.
  • the bridge igniter is used to trigger an auxiliary short-circuiter, which directly activates the auxiliary path for loading the sacrificial element for the short-circuiter described here.
  • the auxiliary path can be closed within approx. 100 ms, so that there are no disadvantages with regard to the speed of switching processes with semiconductor switches.
  • the auxiliary short-circuiter uses the gas expansion directly or indirectly, which occurs when the fusible conductor of the igniter evaporates, in order to destroy a film, in particular an insulating film, on a mandrel that is subject to potential. After the destruction of the insulating film, a current flows through the electrodes and contacts of the auxiliary short-circuiter with or without arcing, which is used to trigger the sacrificial element, which closes the current-carrying main short-circuiter under spring force support.
  • the switching element according to the invention designed on the basis of a bridge igniter, consists of two opposite, current-carrying contacts, which are kept at a small distance of ⁇ 1 mm by insulation, with triggering of the bridge igniter the electrical insulation between the contacts is removed.
  • one of the current-carrying contacts has a recess in which a spinous process is formed, the tip of which is directed towards a film spanning the recess.
  • the other of the current-carrying contacts has a cavity for accommodating the bridge igniter.
  • a pressure-resistant sleeve is located in the cavity.
  • the sleeve has a cap in the direction of the spinous process which, when the bridge igniter is triggered, moves in the direction of the spinous process, destroying the foil and establishing an electrical connection between the current-carrying contacts.
  • the recess can have a ventilation opening.
  • the conductive particles can be fixed with the help of a film or a covering layer.
  • the switching element according to the invention can be arranged outside of the actual main short-circuiter, but also integrated into it, in particular into a contact electrode, in particular screwed or plugged in there.
  • connection options 1; 2 has.
  • the short-circuiting device has at least one additional connection 30, introduced in an insulated manner, via which the activation of the short-circuiting device can take place with the aid of a switching element 3, to which a fuse 4 may be connected in series.
  • the short-circuiting device has a sacrificial element, which is designed as a screw or bolt 6 in the example shown.
  • the sacrificial element or the screw or the bolt 6 mechanically fixes a movable contact part 7 which is mechanically pretensioned by a spring 8 .
  • the sacrificial element 6 is electrically connected to the external terminal 30 via the movable contact part 7 with the contact electrode 80 and the external terminal 2 .
  • the second contact electrode 70 is connected to the terminal 1 and is electrically isolated from the first contact electrode 80 via an insulated centering part 110 .
  • the insulated centering part 110 guides the contact electrodes 70; 80, wherein the joining of the aforementioned parts can preferably be realized by means of a press fit, in particular a conical interference fit.
  • the movable contact part 7 is centered in relation to the contact electrode 70 via the guide in the contact electrode 80 .
  • the arrangement of the aforementioned parts is connected and fixed after joining by an isolating non-positive connection, for example by a screw connection or by a positive connection, for example by casting, which is not shown in detail in the figures.
  • the short-circuiting device is triggered by a current flow via the sacrificial element 6 after the switching element 3 establishes a connection to the terminal 1 .
  • the movable contact part 7 is moved up to the contact electrode 70, as a result of which the main current path between the contact electrodes 70 and 80 via the movable contact part 7 is closed.
  • the sacrificial element does not have to melt completely to trigger the closing process.
  • the decisive factor is that the material of the sacrificial element is softened. This softening can also occur below the melting temperature.
  • a first peg-shaped extension 73 extends from the bottom, which is opposite a second peg-shaped extension 100 that is insulated from the contact electrodes 70, 80. Between the first and the second peg-shaped extension 73; 100 the already mentioned sacrificial element 6, in particular designed as a bolt or screw is arranged.
  • a recess with an inner cone 91 adapted to the outer cone 72 of the movable contact 7 is provided in the second contact electrode 80, with the outer and inner cones forming a bounce-free short-circuit contact area with a positive and non-positive connection due to plastic deformation that occurs.
  • ventilation openings 92 connected to the area of the recess with the inner cone can be provided in the second contact electrode 70 in order to prevent a pressure build-up as a result of the movement of the contact part 7 .
  • vent openings 92 can be closed with a pressure-displaceable plug or valve.
  • the gap dimension of the sliding contact mentioned is in a range of ⁇ 0.2 mm, preferably ⁇ 0.1 mm.
  • a spring force of approx is largely converted into plastic deformations in the contact area.
  • the travel path can be limited by suitable means, since only a small penetration depth of the contact part 7 in relation to the corresponding contact electrode is sufficient for a sufficient current-carrying capacity according to the illustrations shown.
  • the bridge igniter according to the invention is based on the figures 2 and 3 and related embodiments are explained in more detail.
  • the fast switch 3 as shown in FIG figure 1 is performed on the basis of a bridge igniter.
  • the switching element 3 has two current-carrying contacts 10 and 11, which are held by an insulating disc 12 at a small distance of, for example, ⁇ 1 mm.
  • a depression is provided which has a spinous process 13 and preferably a vent opening 14 .
  • the opposite contact 10 has a cavity in which a movable contact 15 in the form of a cap is inserted.
  • This movable contact cap 15 is guided on a pressure-resistant cylindrical sleeve 16.
  • the actual bridge detonator 17 is located within the pressure-resistant cylindrical sleeve 16.
  • the cylindrical sleeve 16 is appropriately sealed in the area where the control lines 25 are executed.
  • the cavity in the sleeve 16 is minimal and possibly filled with an incompressible medium.
  • the insulating film 18 can have an electrically conductive layer or can be combined with an electrically conductive film.
  • This insulating film or insulating films are then used to achieve sufficient dielectric strength between the opposite contacts 10; 11.
  • the conductive coating or the additional conductive film is used to control the electric field in addition to a related optimized design of the surface of the contacts 10; 11.
  • the foils can also be used to fix the movable cap 15 on the sleeve 16 .
  • the movable cap 15 is designed so that it can bridge the distance between the contacts 10 and 11.
  • the cap 15 is moved after the activation of the bridge fuse 17 by the expansion of the gas in the cavity of the sleeve 16 in the direction of the contact 10 and the spinous process 13 there.
  • the ventilation openings 14 mentioned are provided so that no gas compression occurs, which counteracts the desired movement.
  • the cap 15 is clamped in the depression in the lower current-carrying contact 11 and on the mandrel 13 .
  • the shank of the cap 15 remains partially in the contact 10 and bridges the distance between the two contacts 10; 11, creating a metallic, conductive connection.
  • the mandrel 13 can also be attached to the movable cap 15 or the cap 15 can be realized with a mandrel-shaped extension.
  • the current-carrying capacity of the electrical connection described above via the cap 15 is the same, but is preferably designed to be higher than the current-carrying capacity of the sacrificial element 6.
  • the current-carrying contacts 10 and 11 require an exact guidance due to the explained mode of operation, which can be implemented, for example, by means of an insulating sleeve 19 together with sealing rings 20 .
  • metal powder 21 which is preferably larger than the volume of the cavity between the electrodes 10 and 11, and only limited ventilation with deflection through a small cross section.
  • the partially melted powder is cooled so severely as it enters the ventilation channel 14 that it solidifies and closes the passage.
  • the remaining powder 21 is further heated by the arc and forms a desired metallic bridge between the contacts 10; 11.
  • the bridge igniter 17 itself can also be upgraded with a defined quantity of conductive particles.
  • the conductive particles can be fixed mechanically in the hollow space of the sleeve 16 by a layer of lacquer or by a foil 22 .
  • the switching elements according to the illustrations figures 2 and 3 are able to provide a low-impedance metallic connection between the main contacts 1 and 2 via the sacrificial element 6 according to figure 1 or 4 to realize.
  • connection created has a current-carrying capacity which corresponds at least to that of the sacrificial element 6, as a result of which the triggering of the movable contact 7 and its movement to short-circuit the main electrodes 1 and 2 is ensured in any case.
  • connection via the fast switch according to the embodiments according to figures 2 and 3 takes place when the bridge igniter is triggered within a period of approx. 100 ⁇ s, which is comparable to the triggering of a semiconductor switch with appropriate EMC protective measures.
  • the auxiliary path with the fast switch 3 can be separated with the aid of a fuse 4 after the destruction of the sacrificial element 6. Due to the overload resistance of the fast switch and with sufficient current-carrying capacity of the auxiliary path, it is possible to conduct the current without interruption up to the metallic short circuit of the main contacts.
  • the fast switch acts as a spark gap with a very low arc voltage.
  • the contacts 10 and 11 partially melt when arcing occurs, which in turn creates a metallic short circuit in the auxiliary path.
  • the auxiliary path can thus independently carry currents in the range of several 10 kA for a few milliseconds until the load is relieved by closing the main contacts via the movable contact part 7 .
  • This current-carrying capacity is therefore higher than that of an inexpensive semiconductor switch with a comparable closing time.
  • the costs and the space required are significantly reduced compared to a semiconductor switch.
  • the fast switching element can be used as in figure 1 indicated, be provided outside of the actual short-circuiting device. Alternatively, however, integration within the short-circuiting device is also possible.
  • the fast switch can be connected to the short-circuiter, for example, by means of a plug-in or screw adapter similar to a fuse, in addition to being fully integrated into the flameproof housing of the short-circuiting device. This allows easy replacement of the unit with the bridge detonator, even when live, if the design is appropriate.
  • FIG. 4 An exemplary representation in this regard is in figure 4 shown.
  • the auxiliary short-circuiter is used on the basis of a bridge igniter in front of the connection 5 of the sacrificial element 6 .
  • the connection to port 5 can be realized by a pressure or plug connection, so that the auxiliary short-circuiter can be exchanged.
  • the auxiliary short circuiter according to figure 2 is placed in the housing of the main short circuiter with the potential of the main contact 2 isolated by the part 23.
  • the auxiliary short-circuiter is connected to terminal 1 of the main short-circuiter via an external connection 24 .
  • This connection 24 can also take place within the housing of the main short circuiter with an appropriate configuration.
  • connections 25 for activating the auxiliary short circuiter for the bridge igniter 17 are routed in an insulated manner to the outside to a detection unit (not shown) for providing the ignition energy.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz, umfassend ein Schaltelement, welches vom Auslösesignal einer Fehlererfassungseinrichtung betätigbar ist, zwei sich gegenüberliegende Kontaktelektroden mit Mitteln zur Stromzuführung, wobei diese an einen Stromkreis mit Anschlüssen von unterschiedlichem Potential kontaktierbar sind, weiterhin in mindestens einer der Kontaktelektroden ein unter mechanischer Vorspannung stehendes, im Kurzschlussfall federkraftunterstützt eine Bewegung zur weiteren Kontaktelektrode ausführendes bewegliches Kontaktteil, ein Opferelement als Abstandshalter zwischen den Kontaktelektroden sowie mit einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen dem Opferelement und dem Schaltelement einerseits und einer der Kontaktelektroden andererseits, um eine stromflussbedingte, thermische Verformung oder Zerstörung des Opferelements gezielt herbeizuführen, gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention is based on a short-circuiting device for use in low and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and people, comprising a switching element which can be actuated by the trigger signal of a fault detection device, two opposing contact electrodes with means for supplying current, these being connected to a circuit with connections from can be contacted at different potentials, furthermore, in at least one of the contact electrodes, a movable contact part that is under mechanical prestress and, in the event of a short circuit, carries out a movement to the further contact electrode with the support of spring force, a sacrificial element as a spacer between the contact electrodes and with an electrical connection between the sacrificial element and the switching element on the one hand and one of the contact electrodes on the other hand, in order to bring about a current flow-related, thermal deformation or destruction of the sacrificial element in a targeted manner, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE 10 2005 048 003 B4 ist eine Kurzschließeinrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art vorbekannt. Gemäß der dortigen Lehre ist das Opferelement ein dünnwandiger Hohlzylinder mit einem Verhältnis zwischen Durchmesser und Wandstärke des Hohlzylinders größer 10:1, wobei das Opferelement aus einem hochschmelzenden metallischen Material besteht. Der diesbezügliche Kurzschließer soll eine minimale Kommutierungszeit bei gleichzeitiger hoher mechanischer Festigkeit zum Einsatz einer hohen Federkraft mit dem Ziel einer Reduzierung der Bewegungszeit und zum Zweck des schnelleren Ansprechens besitzen.From the DE 10 2005 048 003 B4 a short-circuiting device of the generic type is already known. According to the teaching there, the sacrificial element is a thin-walled hollow cylinder with a ratio between diameter and wall thickness of the hollow cylinder of greater than 10:1, the sacrificial element consisting of a high-melting metallic material. The relevant short-circuiter should have a minimum commutation time with simultaneous high mechanical strength for the use of a high spring force with the aim of reducing the movement time and for the purpose of faster response.

Bei einer Variante der Lehre des Standes der Technik ist in der feststehenden Kontaktelektrode ein Isolierkörper und eine Hilfselektrode befindlich, wobei die Hilfselektrode mit dem Opferelement in Verbindung steht. Die sich gegenüberstehenden Seiten der Kontaktelektroden bzw. die gegenüberliegenden Flächen können eine komplementär konische Form mit sich ergebender zentrierender Wirkung beim Inkontaktkommen im Kurzschlussfall aufweisen.In a variant of the teaching of the prior art, an insulating body and an auxiliary electrode are located in the stationary contact electrode, the auxiliary electrode being connected to the sacrificial element. The opposing sides of the contact electrodes or the opposing surfaces can have a complementary conical shape with the resultant centering effect when they come into contact in the event of a short circuit.

Durch definierte Strukturen oder Wandstärkeschwankungen im Hohlzylinder können sich Strompfade ausbilden, mit der Folge einer ungleichmäßigen Erwärmung bei Strombelastung und eine Deformation mit einhergehendem Verlust der mechanischen Festigkeit. In diesem Fall bleibt die leitfähige Verbindung zwischen den Kontaktelektroden erhalten, jedoch sinkt die mechanische Widerstandskraft des Hohlzylinders, so dass in der Wirkung der Federkraft der Kurzschließer schnell in den gewünschten Schließzustand überführt werden kann.Current paths can form as a result of defined structures or wall thickness fluctuations in the hollow cylinder, with the result of uneven heating under current load and deformation with an associated loss of mechanical strength. In this case, the conductive connection between the contact electrodes is retained, but the mechanical resistance of the hollow cylinder decreases, so that the action of the spring force can quickly bring the short-circuiter into the desired closed state.

Zwischen den Kontaktelektroden kann ein im geschlossenen Zustand wirksamer Entlüftungskanal oder eine Lüftungsbohrung wirksam sein, um zu verhindern, dass durch einen Druckanstieg im Kurzschlussfall, insbesondere bei der Entstehung eines Lichtbogens, Kräfte entstehen, die dem Aufeinanderzubewegen der Kontaktelektroden schließzeitzögernd entgegenwirken. Die Einrichtung zur Erzeugung der Vorspannkraft kann gemäß dem Stand der Technik als Druckfeder, Tellerfeder oder dergleichen Federanordnung ausgeführt werden.Between the contact electrodes, a ventilation channel or a ventilation hole that is effective in the closed state can be effective in order to prevent a pressure increase in the event of a short circuit, in particular when an arc occurs, from generating forces that counteract the contact electrodes moving towards one another with a delay in the closing time. According to the prior art, the device for generating the prestressing force can be designed as a compression spring, plate spring or similar spring arrangement.

Bei einer zweiten Ausführungsform gemäß DE 10 2005 048 003 B4 kann das Opferelement ein Draht oder Stab aus einem leitfähigen Material mit niedrigem Schmelzintegral sein, wobei das Opferelement auf Zug unter mechanischer Vorspannung steht.In a second embodiment according to DE 10 2005 048 003 B4 For example, the sacrificial element can be a wire or rod made of a conductive material with a low melt integral, the sacrificial element being under mechanical prestress when in tension.

Für Kurzschließer zum Anlagenschutz besteht im Allgemeinen die Aufgabe, sehr schnell einen metallischen Kurzschluss zu realisieren, so dass sehr hohe Ströme kurzzeitig geführt werden können. Beim schnellen Schließen metallischer Kontakte lässt sich ein Kontaktprellen schwer vermeiden. Infolge des Prellens, aber auch mit Blick auf die Höhe des fließenden Stromes, können Lichtbögen zwischen den Kontakten entstehen, die die Oberfläche der Kontakte stark schädigen, wodurch eine sichere Führung des Stromes über einen längeren Zeitraum gefährdet ist. Um die vorgenannten negativen Erscheinungen zu kompensieren, ist ein erhöhter Aufwand in konstruktiver und herstellungsseitiger Hinsicht notwendig. Dieser höhere Aufwand betrifft zum einen das System zum Bewegen eines entsprechenden Kontaktteils, aber auch die Kontakte selbst.The general task for short-circuiters for system protection is to implement a metallic short-circuit very quickly, so that very high currents can be carried for a short time. Contact bouncing is difficult to avoid when metal contacts close quickly. As a result of the bouncing, but also with regard to the level of the current flowing, arcs can occur between the contacts, which severely damage the surface of the contacts, which jeopardizes the safe conduction of the current over a longer period of time. In order to compensate for the negative phenomena mentioned above, an increased outlay in terms of construction and production is necessary. This higher effort affects the system for moving a corresponding contact part on the one hand, but also the contacts themselves.

Aus der DE 10 2014 016 274 A1 ist eine Kurzschließereinrichtung, insbesondere für den Störlichtbogenschutz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen vorbekannt. Die diesbezügliche Kurzschließereinrichtung soll einerseits eine volle Stromtragfähigkeit über einen längeren Zeitraum ermöglichen und eine Zustandsanzeige aufweisen. Die Kurzschließereinrichtung weist zwei sich gegenüberliegende Kontaktelektroden auf, wobei in eine der Kontaktelektroden ein unter mechanischer Vorspannung stehendes, im Kurzschlussfall federkraftunterstützt eine Bewegung zur weiteren Kontaktelektrode ausführendes, bewegliches Kontaktteil sowie ein Opferelement vorgesehen ist. Zusätzlich ist in dem Kopfteil eines mehrteiligen Gehäuses, welches die feste und die bewegliche Kontaktelektrode aufnimmt, eine Verriegelungsanordnung ausgebildet, welche nach dem Aktivieren des Opferelementes ein Zurückfahren der beweglichen Elektrode verhindert. Diesbezüglich wird unmittelbar die bewegliche Elektrode oder mittelbar ein der Bewegung der beweglichen Elektrode folgender Schieber durch einen federvorgespannten Bolzen blockiert.From the DE 10 2014 016 274 A1 is a short-circuit device, in particular for arc fault protection in low and medium voltage systems. The relevant short-circuiting device is intended on the one hand to enable full current-carrying capacity over a longer period of time and have status display. The short-circuiting device has two opposing contact electrodes, one of the contact electrodes being provided with a movable contact part that is under mechanical prestress and, in the event of a short circuit, spring-loaded to move toward the further contact electrode, as well as a sacrificial element. In addition, a locking arrangement is formed in the head part of a multi-part housing, which accommodates the fixed and the movable contact electrode, and which prevents the movable electrode from moving back after the activation of the sacrificial element. In this regard, the movable electrode is blocked directly or indirectly a slide following the movement of the movable electrode by a spring-loaded bolt.

Die DE 20 2012 001729 U1 zeigt eine Anordnung zum Anlagen- und Personenschutz im Niederspannungsbereich durch Erzeugen eines Kurzschlusses mittels einer Kurzschließereinrichtung. Die Kurzschließereinrichtung hat ein Schaltelement, welches von einer Störlichtbogenerkennung auslösbar ist, wobei die Kurzschließereinrichtung zwei relativ zueinander bewegliche Kontakte oder Elektroden umfasst, welche durch ein Opferelement auf Distanz gehalten sind. Mit Hilfe des Schaltelements ist das Opferelement derart beeinflussbar, dass die zueinander beweglichen Kontakte oder Elektroden in einen Kurzschlusszustand übergehen, wobei die elektrische Energie zum Auslösen des Schaltelements ausschließlich aus der Energie des auftretenden Störlichtbogens resultiert.The DE 20 2012 001729 U1 shows an arrangement for system and personal protection in the low-voltage range by generating a short circuit using a short-circuiting device. The short-circuiting device has a switching element which can be triggered by an arc fault detection, the short-circuiting device comprising two contacts or electrodes which can move relative to one another and which are kept at a distance by a sacrificial element. With the aid of the switching element, the sacrificial element can be influenced in such a way that the mutually movable contacts or electrodes switch to a short-circuit state, with the electrical energy for triggering the switching element resulting exclusively from the energy of the accidental arc that occurs.

Es ist demnach Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine weiterentwickelte Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz anzugeben, die über einen kompakten Aufbau und eine gleichzeitig hohe Stromtragfähigkeit verfügt und darüber hinaus das Einhalten außerordentlich kurzer Schließzeiten ermöglicht.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a further developed short-circuiting device for use in low and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and people, which has a compact design and a high current-carrying capacity and also allows extremely short closing times to be observed.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe der Erfindung erfolgt gemäß der Merkmalskombination nach Patentanspruch 1, wobei die Unteransprüche mindestens zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen umfassen.The object of the invention is achieved according to the combination of features according to patent claim 1, the subclaims comprising at least expedient refinements and developments.

Die Lehre greift auf den Grundgedanken zurück, ein prellreduziertes Kontaktsystem zu realisieren, das sich durch eine plastische Verformung eines Teiles der gegenüberstehenden Kontakte bezieht.The teaching falls back on the basic idea of realizing a contact system with reduced bounce, which is related to a plastic deformation of a part of the opposing contacts.

Beim prellreduzierten Kontaktsystem wird das bewegliche Kontaktteil mit einem relativ langen, flachwinkligen konusförmigen Kontaktbereich versehen und quasi als hohlzylindrischer Kontakt bevorzugt mit einem Federantrieb ausgestattet. Im offenen Zustand ist die Bewegung des beweglichen Kontaktteils blockiert.In the case of the contact system with reduced bounce, the movable contact part is provided with a relatively long, flat-angled cone-shaped contact area and, as a kind of hollow-cylindrical contact, is preferably equipped with a spring drive. In the open state, the movement of the movable contact part is blocked.

Bei entsprechender Aktivierung des Kurzschließers wird die Vorspannkraft, insbesondere die Federkraft freigesetzt und durch mindestens eine weitere Kraftkomponente unterstützt, welche die Schließbewegung beschleunigt.If the short-circuiter is activated accordingly, the prestressing force, in particular the spring force, is released and supported by at least one additional force component, which accelerates the closing movement.

Das bewegliche Kontaktteil befindet sich in einer feststehenden Kontaktelektrode mit gleichem Potential und besitzt im ausgelösten Zustand einen sehr langen, bevorzugt koaxialen Gleitkontakt ohne zusätzliche Federkontakte oder dergleichen. Der Gleitkontakt weist ein Spaltmaß von ≤ 1/10 mm auf.The movable contact part is located in a stationary contact electrode with the same potential and, when triggered, has a very long, preferably coaxial, sliding contact without additional spring contacts or the like. The sliding contact has a gap of ≤ 1/10 mm.

Bezogen auf die feststehende Kontaktelektrode wird die Bewegungsenergie des beweglichen Kontaktteils in eine plastische Verformung umgewandelt, wodurch sich ein Kontaktprellen und eine nachteilige Lichtbogenphase vermeiden lassen.In relation to the fixed contact electrode, the kinetic energy of the movable contact part is converted into plastic deformation, which means that contact chatter and a disadvantageous arcing phase can be avoided.

Bei der maßgeblichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das bewegliche Kontaktteil als einseitig geschlossener Hohlzylinder ausgebildet. Im Hohlzylinder befindet sich eine Feder zur Vorspannungserzeugung. Diese Feder kann in sehr einfacher Weise in den Hohlzylinderraum eingesetzt werden, so dass ein zusätzlicher Bauraum für die Feder entfällt.In the relevant embodiment of the invention, the movable contact part is designed as a hollow cylinder that is closed on one side. There is a spring in the hollow cylinder to generate the preload. This spring can be inserted into the hollow cylinder space in a very simple manner, so that there is no additional installation space for the spring.

Der Hohlzylinder ist in einer komplementären Aussparung in der ersten Kontaktelektrode unter Bildung eines Gleitkontakts beweglich geführt. Es ist also der Hohlzylinder kolbenartig in dieser Aussparung beweglich.The hollow cylinder is movably guided in a complementary recess in the first contact electrode, forming a sliding contact. The hollow cylinder is therefore movable like a piston in this recess.

Im Bereich des Bodens des geschlossenen Hohlzylinders ist dessen Zylinderwandung außenumfangsseitig in einen Außenkonus übergehend ausgestaltet.In the area of the bottom of the closed hollow cylinder, its cylinder wall is designed to transition into an outer cone on the outer circumference.

Weiterhin erstreckt sich im Inneren des Hohlzylinders, ausgehend vom Hohlzylinderboden, ein erster zapfenförmiger Fortsatz, welchem ein zu den Kontaktelektroden isolierter, zweiter zapfenförmiger Fortsatz gegenüberliegt.Furthermore, a first peg-shaped extension extends inside the hollow cylinder, starting from the hollow cylinder base, which is opposite a second peg-shaped extension which is insulated from the contact electrodes.

Zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten zapfenförmigen Fortsatz ist das bereits erwähnte Opferelement befindlich.The already mentioned sacrificial element is located between the first and the second peg-shaped extension.

Das Opferelement ist bevorzugt als Bolzen oder Schraube mit entsprechendem Gewinde ausgeführt. Die betreffenden Enden des Bolzens oder der Schraube sind über das Gewinde oder den Schraubenkopf am ersten und zweiten zapfenförmigen Fortsatz fixiert.The sacrificial element is preferably designed as a bolt or screw with a corresponding thread. The relevant ends of the bolt or the screw are fixed via the thread or the screw head on the first and second peg-shaped extension.

Weiterhin ist in der zweiten Kontaktelektrode eine an den Außenkonus des beweglichen Kontaktteils angepasste Aussparung mit Innenkonus vorgesehen.Furthermore, a cutout with an inner cone that is adapted to the outer cone of the movable contact part is provided in the second contact electrode.

Außen- und Innenkonus bilden einen prellfreien Kurzschluss-Kontaktbereich mit Kraft- und Formschluss aufgrund auftretender plastischer Verformung.The outer and inner cones form a bounce-free short-circuit contact area with a positive and non-positive connection due to the plastic deformation that occurs.

Ausgestaltend sind im Bereich der Aussparung mit Innenkonus verbundene Entlüftungsöffnungen vorgesehen. Diese Entlüftungsöffnungen befinden sich in der zweiten Kontaktelektrode, um einen Druckaufbau infolge der Bewegung des beweglichen Kontaktteils zu unterbinden.Ventilation openings connected to the inner cone are provided in the area of the recess. These vent holes are located in the second contact electrode to prevent pressure build-up due to movement of the movable contact part.

Diese Entlüftungsöffnungen können mit einem sich unter Druckeinwirkung verlagernden Stopfen verschlossen werden. In ähnlicher Weise kann ein ventilartiger Verschluss vorgesehen sein, so dass das Eindringen von Feuchte, Schmutz oder sonstigen Fremdkörpern vermeidbar ist, jedoch andererseits der erwähnte unerwünschte Druckaufbau ausgeschlossen werden kann.These vents can be plugged with a plug that displaces under pressure. A valve-like closure can be provided in a similar manner, so that the ingress of moisture, dirt or other foreign bodies can be avoided, but on the other hand the unwanted pressure build-up mentioned can be ruled out.

Der jeweilige Konuswinkel zur Ausbildung des prellfreien, plastisch verformbaren Kontakts liegt im Bereich von ≤ 3°.The respective cone angle for forming the bounce-free, plastically deformable contact is in the range of ≦3°.

Die Kontaktelektroden und damit die Grundkonstruktion der Kurzschließeinrichtung ist bevorzugt rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet. Die Kontaktelektroden werden dabei über einen isolierenden Zentrierring auf Abstand gehalten. Die Gesamtanordnung ist von einer umhausenden Hülle umschlossen.The contact electrodes and thus the basic construction of the short-circuiting device is preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical. The contact electrodes are kept at a distance by an insulating centering ring. The overall arrangement is enclosed by an enclosing shell.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann das bewegliche Kontaktteil sich kolbenartig in der Aussparung der ersten Kontaktelektrode bewegen, wobei die bei der Zerstörung des Opferelements freiwerdende Energie und/oder die Energie eines entstehenden Lichtbogens bewegungsbeschleunigend auf den Boden des beweglichen Kontaktes einwirkt und zur Verkürzung der Schließzeit führt.As already mentioned, the movable contact part can move like a piston in the recess of the first contact electrode, with the energy released when the sacrificial element is destroyed and/or the energy of an arc produced accelerating the movement on the bottom of the movable contact and leading to a reduction in the closing time.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der zweite zapfenförmige Fortsatz von einem Isolierrohr aus gasabgebendem Material umgeben.In one embodiment of the invention, the second peg-shaped extension is surrounded by an insulating tube made of gas-releasing material.

Das Isolierrohr kann mit einer schützenden, metallischen Hülle, mindestens teilweise das Isolierrohr umgebend, versehen sein.The insulating tube may be provided with a protective metallic sheath at least partially surrounding the insulating tube.

Zum Auslösen der Kurzschließeinrichtung gemäß vorliegender Erfindung wird nun entgegen der möglichen Verwendung von Halbleiterschaltern auf ein neuartiges Schaltelement, welches auf Basis eines Brückenzünders ausgebildet ist, zurückgegriffen. Dieser neuartige Hilfskurzschließer weist eine hohe mit einem Halbleiterschalter vergleichbare Schaltgeschwindigkeit und eine begrenzte Stromtragfähigkeit auf, die mit dem Opferelement und dem Schließen der Hauptkontakte des Hauptkurzschließers abgestimmt ist.To trigger the short-circuiting device according to the present invention, in contrast to the possible use of semiconductor switches, a new type of switching element, which is designed on the basis of a bridge igniter, is used. This novel auxiliary short circuiter has a high switching speed comparable to that of a semiconductor switch and a limited current carrying capacity that is coordinated with the sacrificial element and the closing of the main contacts of the main short circuiter.

Ein Brückenzünder verfügt über einen Sicherungsdraht, welcher durch einen Stromfluss geringer Höhe bei niedriger Spannung zur Aktivierung gebracht wird. Brückenzünder werden üblicherweise zur Zündung von reaktiven Massen verwendet. Ohne Einsatz derartiger reaktiver Massen besitzen sie keine Sprengkraft und erfordern keine Auflagen hinsichtlich Umgang und Lagerung. Aufgrund der fehlenden Sprengkraft können derartige Brückenzünder keine nennenswerte Arbeit verrichten, wodurch ihr Einsatz als Kurzschließer mit nennenswerter Stromtragfähigkeit nicht gegeben ist.A bridge igniter has a fuse wire which is activated by a low level, low voltage current flow. Bridge igniters are commonly used to ignite reactive masses. Without the use of such reactive masses, they have no explosive power and do not require any restrictions with regard to handling and storage. Due to the lack of explosive power, such bridge detonators cannot do any significant work, which means that they cannot be used as short-circuiters with any significant current-carrying capacity.

Bei der Erfindungslehre wird jedoch der Brückenzünder genutzt, um einen Hilfskurzschließer auszulösen, welcher den Hilfspfad zur Belastung des Opferelementes für den hier beschriebenen Kurzschließer direkt aktiviert.In the teaching of the invention, however, the bridge igniter is used to trigger an auxiliary short-circuiter, which directly activates the auxiliary path for loading the sacrificial element for the short-circuiter described here.

Der Hilfspfad kann hierbei innerhalb von ca. 100 ms geschlossen werden, so dass keine Nachteile hinsichtlich der Geschwindigkeit bei Schaltvorgängen mit Halbleiterschaltern entstehen. Der Hilfskurzschließer nutzt die Gasausdehnung direkt oder indirekt, die bei der Verdampfung des Schmelzleiters des Zünders entsteht, um eine Folie, insbesondere eine Isolationsfolie, auf einem potentialbehafteten Dorn zu zerstören. Nach der Zerstörung der Isolationsfolie fließt ein Strom über die Elektroden und Kontakte des Hilfskurzschließers mit oder ohne Lichtbogenbildung, welcher zur Auslösung des Opferelementes dient, welches den stromtragfähigen Hauptkurzschließer unter Federkraftunterstützung schließt.In this case, the auxiliary path can be closed within approx. 100 ms, so that there are no disadvantages with regard to the speed of switching processes with semiconductor switches. The auxiliary short-circuiter uses the gas expansion directly or indirectly, which occurs when the fusible conductor of the igniter evaporates, in order to destroy a film, in particular an insulating film, on a mandrel that is subject to potential. After the destruction of the insulating film, a current flows through the electrodes and contacts of the auxiliary short-circuiter with or without arcing, which is used to trigger the sacrificial element, which closes the current-carrying main short-circuiter under spring force support.

Das erfindungsgemäße Schaltelement, ausgebildet auf Basis eines Brückenzünders, besteht aus zwei gegenüberliegenden, stromtragfähigen Kontakten, welche durch eine Isolation auf einen geringen Abstand von ≤ 1 mm gehalten sind, wobei mit Auslösen des Brückenzünders die elektrische Isolation zwischen den Kontakten aufgehoben wird.The switching element according to the invention, designed on the basis of a bridge igniter, consists of two opposite, current-carrying contacts, which are kept at a small distance of ≦1 mm by insulation, with triggering of the bridge igniter the electrical insulation between the contacts is removed.

Bei einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist einer der stromtragfähigen Kontakte eine Vertiefung auf, in welcher ein Dornfortsatz ausgebildet ist, dessen Spitze zu einer die Vertiefung überspannenden Folie gerichtet ist.In a first embodiment of the invention, one of the current-carrying contacts has a recess in which a spinous process is formed, the tip of which is directed towards a film spanning the recess.

Der weitere der stromtragfähigen Kontakte besitzt einen Hohlraum zur Aufnahme des Brückenzünders.The other of the current-carrying contacts has a cavity for accommodating the bridge igniter.

Im Hohlraum ist eine druckfeste Hülse befindlich.A pressure-resistant sleeve is located in the cavity.

Bei einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Variante der Schalteinrichtung weist in Richtung des Dornfortsatzes die Hülse eine Kappe auf, welche mit Auslösen des Brückenzünders sich in Richtung Dornfortsatz unter Zerstörung der Folie und Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen den stromtragfähigen Kontakten bewegt. Hierfür kann die Vertiefung eine Entlüftungsöffnung aufweisen.In a first variant of the switching device according to the invention, the sleeve has a cap in the direction of the spinous process which, when the bridge igniter is triggered, moves in the direction of the spinous process, destroying the foil and establishing an electrical connection between the current-carrying contacts. For this purpose, the recess can have a ventilation opening.

Bei einer zweiten Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Schalteinrichtung auf der Basis eines Brückenzünders befinden sich im Hohlraum der Hülse leitfähige Partikel, welche beim Auslösen des Brückenzünders eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen den stromtragfähigen Kontakten herstellen.In a second variant of the switching device according to the invention based on a bridge fuze, there are conductive particles in the hollow space of the sleeve, which produce an electrical connection between the current-carrying contacts when the bridge fuze is triggered.

Die leitfähigen Partikel können mit Hilfe einer Folie oder einer Abdeckschicht fixiert werden.The conductive particles can be fixed with the help of a film or a covering layer.

Das erfindungsgemäße Schaltelement kann außerhalb des eigentlichen Hauptkurzschließers angeordnet werden, aber auch in diesen, insbesondere in eine Kontaktelektrode, integriert, insbesondere dort eingeschraubt oder eingesteckt werden.The switching element according to the invention can be arranged outside of the actual main short-circuiter, but also integrated into it, in particular into a contact electrode, in particular screwed or plugged in there.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles sowie unter Zuhilfenahme von Figuren näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment and with the aid of figures.

Hierbei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Längsschnittdarstellung durch eine Kurzschließeinrichtung mit beweglichem Kontaktteil, ausgebildet als einseitig geschlossener Hohlzylinder, wobei im Hohlzylinder eine Feder zur Vorspannungserzeugung eingesetzt ist sowie mit einem Opferelement im nicht ausgelösten Zustand;
  • Fig. 2 eine Schnittdarstellung durch das erfindungsgemäße Schaltelement, ausgebildet als Brückenzünder mit zwei gegenüberliegenden, stromtragfähigen Elektroden, welche durch eine Isolation auf einen geringen Abstand gehalten sind, in einer Ausführungsform mit beweglicher, leitfähiger Kappe zur Überbrückung der Isolation nebst erkennbarem Dornfortsatz, im gezeigten Beispiel ausgebildet innerhalb einer Vertiefung innerhalb des unteren stromtragfähigen Kontaktes;
  • Fig. 3 eine Darstellung ähnlich derjenigen nach Fig. 2, jedoch mit einer Ausbildung des Schaltelementes auf der Basis eines Brückenzünders ohne bewegliche, leitfähige Kappe, jedoch mit im Hohlraum einer erkennbaren Hülse befindlichen leitfähigen Partikeln, welche geeignet sind, nach dem Auslösen des Brückenzünders eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen den stromtragfähigen Kontakten herzustellen; und
  • Fig. 4 eine Darstellung ähnlich derjenigen nach Fig. 1 mit Hauptkurzschließer im Längsschnitt und einer in einer der Kontaktelektroden integrierten erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung des Schaltelementes auf der Basis eines Brückenzünders.
Here show:
  • 1 a longitudinal sectional view through a short-circuiting device with a movable contact part, designed as a hollow cylinder closed on one side, a spring for generating prestressing being used in the hollow cylinder and with a sacrificial element in the non-triggered state;
  • 2 a sectional view through the switching element according to the invention, designed as a bridge igniter with two opposite, current-carrying electrodes, which are kept at a small distance by insulation, in an embodiment with a movable, conductive cap for bridging the insulation together with a recognizable spinous process, in the example shown, designed within a indentation within the lower current-carrying contact;
  • 3 a representation similar to that shown below 2 , but with a design of the switching element on the basis of a bridge igniter without a movable, conductive cap, but with conductive particles located in the cavity of a recognizable sleeve, which are suitable for establishing an electrical connection between the current-carrying contacts after the bridge igniter has been triggered; and
  • 4 a representation similar to that shown below 1 with main short-circuiter in longitudinal section and a design according to the invention of the switching element on the basis of a bridge igniter integrated in one of the contact electrodes.

Gemäß der Darstellung nach Figur 1 und 4 wird von einer im Wesentlichen zylindrischen, rotationssymmetrischen Kurzschließeinrichtung ausgegangen, die an ihren Stirnseiten für die Kontaktierung an Sammelschienen oder zusätzlichen Teilen Anschlussmöglichkeiten 1; 2 aufweist.According to the illustration figure 1 and 4 it is assumed that a substantially cylindrical, rotationally symmetrical short-circuiting device has connection options 1; 2 has.

Neben diesen hochstromtragfähigen Anschlüssen 1; 2 weist die Kurzschließeinrichtung mindestens einen weiteren, isoliert eingeführten Anschluss 30 auf, über welchen die Aktivierung der Kurzschließeinrichtung mit Hilfe eines Schaltelementes 3, dem gegebenenfalls eine Sicherung 4 in Reihe geschaltet ist, erfolgen kann.In addition to these connections 1; 2, the short-circuiting device has at least one additional connection 30, introduced in an insulated manner, via which the activation of the short-circuiting device can take place with the aid of a switching element 3, to which a fuse 4 may be connected in series.

Die Kurzschließeinrichtung besitzt ein Opferelement, das im gezeigten Beispiel als Schraube oder Bolzen 6 ausgeführt ist.The short-circuiting device has a sacrificial element, which is designed as a screw or bolt 6 in the example shown.

Das Opferelement bzw. die Schraube oder der Bolzen 6 fixiert mechanisch ein bewegliches Kontaktteil 7, welches über eine Feder 8 mechanisch vorgespannt ist.The sacrificial element or the screw or the bolt 6 mechanically fixes a movable contact part 7 which is mechanically pretensioned by a spring 8 .

Das Opferelement 6 ist elektrisch mit dem äußeren Anschluss 30 über das bewegliche Kontaktteil 7 mit der Kontaktelektrode 80 sowie dem äußeren Anschluss 2 elektrisch verbunden.The sacrificial element 6 is electrically connected to the external terminal 30 via the movable contact part 7 with the contact electrode 80 and the external terminal 2 .

Die zweite Kontaktelektrode 70 ist mit dem Anschluss 1 verbunden und über ein isoliertes Zentrierteil 110 von der ersten Kontaktelektrode 80 elektrisch getrennt.The second contact electrode 70 is connected to the terminal 1 and is electrically isolated from the first contact electrode 80 via an insulated centering part 110 .

Das isolierte Zentrierteil 110 führt die Kontaktelektroden 70; 80, wobei die Fügung der vorgenannten Teile bevorzugt durch eine Presspassung, insbesondere einen Kegelpressverband, realisierbar ist.The insulated centering part 110 guides the contact electrodes 70; 80, wherein the joining of the aforementioned parts can preferably be realized by means of a press fit, in particular a conical interference fit.

Das bewegliche Kontaktteil 7 wird über die Führung in der Kontaktelektrode 80 zur Kontaktelektrode 70 zentriert.The movable contact part 7 is centered in relation to the contact electrode 70 via the guide in the contact electrode 80 .

Zusätzlich wird die Anordnung der vorgenannten Teile nach dem Fügen durch eine isolierende kraftschlüssige Verbindung, beispielsweise durch eine Verschraubung oder durch eine formschlüssige Verbindung, zum Beispiel durch Vergießen, verbunden und fixiert, was in den Figuren im Einzelnen nicht dargestellt ist.In addition, the arrangement of the aforementioned parts is connected and fixed after joining by an isolating non-positive connection, for example by a screw connection or by a positive connection, for example by casting, which is not shown in detail in the figures.

Das Auslösen der Kurzschließeinrichtung erfolgt gemäß der gezeigten Ausführungsvariante durch einen Stromfluss über das Opferelement 6, nachdem das Schaltelement 3 eine Verbindung zum Anschluss 1 herstellt.According to the embodiment variant shown, the short-circuiting device is triggered by a current flow via the sacrificial element 6 after the switching element 3 establishes a connection to the terminal 1 .

Infolge des dann realisierten Stromflusses über das Opferelement 6 wird dieses erwärmt und die mechanische Fixierung des beweglichen Kontaktteiles 7 aufgehoben.As a result of the current flow then realized via the sacrificial element 6, the latter is heated and the mechanical fixation of the movable contact part 7 is released.

Unter dem Einfluss der Kraft der Feder 8 wird das bewegliche Kontaktteil 7 bis zur Kontaktelektrode 70 bewegt, wodurch der Hauptstrompfad zwischen den Kontaktelektroden 70 und 80 über das bewegliche Kontaktteil 7 geschlossen ist.Under the influence of the force of the spring 8, the movable contact part 7 is moved up to the contact electrode 70, as a result of which the main current path between the contact electrodes 70 and 80 via the movable contact part 7 is closed.

Zusätzlich zur Kraft der Feder wirken auch Stromkräfte, welche die Schließbewegung unterstützen. Dies wird durch die zentrale Führung des Stromes über das Opferelement 6 und die über den Boden des beweglichen Kontaktteiles 7 im Wesentlichen erzwungene radiale Stromführung erreicht.In addition to the force of the spring, there are also electrical forces that support the closing movement. This is achieved by the central conduction of the current via the sacrificial element 6 and the essentially forced radial current conduction via the base of the movable contact part 7 .

Hierdurch ergibt sich eine Stromschleife, deren resultierende Kraftwirkung die Federkraft bis zum Schließen der Kontakte zwischen den beweglichen Kontaktteilen und der Kontaktelektrode unterstützt.This results in a current loop, the resulting force effect of which supports the spring force until the contacts between the movable contact parts and the contact electrode are closed.

Das Opferelement muss zum Auslösen des Schließvorganges nicht vollständig schmelzen. Maßgeblich ist, dass das Material des Opferelementes entfestigt wird. Diese Entfestigung kann auch unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur auftreten.The sacrificial element does not have to melt completely to trigger the closing process. The decisive factor is that the material of the sacrificial element is softened. This softening can also occur below the melting temperature.

Im Bereich des Bodens 71 des geschlossenen Hohlzylinders geht dessen Zylinderwandung außenumfangsseitig in einen Konus 72 über. Im Inneren des Hohlzylinders erstreckt sich ausgehend vom Boden ein erster zapfenförmiger Fortsatz 73, welchem ein zu den Kontaktelektroden 70, 80 isolierter, zweiter zapfenförmiger Fortsatz 100 gegenüberliegt, wobei zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten zapfenförmigen Fortsatz 73; 100 das bereits erwähnte Opferelement 6, insbesondere ausgebildet als Bolzen oder Schraube angeordnet ist.In the area of the bottom 71 of the closed hollow cylinder, its cylinder wall merges into a cone 72 on the outer circumference. In the interior of the hollow cylinder, a first peg-shaped extension 73 extends from the bottom, which is opposite a second peg-shaped extension 100 that is insulated from the contact electrodes 70, 80. Between the first and the second peg-shaped extension 73; 100 the already mentioned sacrificial element 6, in particular designed as a bolt or screw is arranged.

In der zweiten Kontaktelektrode 80 ist eine, an den Außenkonus 72 des beweglichen Kontaktes 7 angepasste Aussparung mit Innenkonus 91 vorgesehen, wobei Außen- und Innenkonus einen prellfreien Kurzschluss-Kontaktbereich mit Kraft- und Formschluss aufgrund auftretender plastischer Verformung bilden.A recess with an inner cone 91 adapted to the outer cone 72 of the movable contact 7 is provided in the second contact electrode 80, with the outer and inner cones forming a bounce-free short-circuit contact area with a positive and non-positive connection due to plastic deformation that occurs.

Darüber hinaus können mit dem Bereich der Aussparung mit Innenkonus verbundene Entlüftungsöffnungen 92 in der zweiten Kontaktelektrode 70 vorgesehen sein, um einen Druckaufbau infolge der Bewegung des Kontaktteiles 7 zu unterbinden.In addition, ventilation openings 92 connected to the area of the recess with the inner cone can be provided in the second contact electrode 70 in order to prevent a pressure build-up as a result of the movement of the contact part 7 .

Die Entlüftungsöffnungen 92 können mit einem sich unter Druckeinwirkung verlagernden Stopfen oder einem Ventil verschlossen werden.The vent openings 92 can be closed with a pressure-displaceable plug or valve.

Das Spaltmaß des erwähnten Gleitkontaktes bewegt sich in einem Bereich ≤ 0,2 mm, bevorzugt ≤ 0,1 mm.The gap dimension of the sliding contact mentioned is in a range of ≦0.2 mm, preferably ≦0.1 mm.

Bei einer beispielhaften Auslegung des beweglichen Kontaktteiles 7 mit einem Gewicht von im Wesentlichen 100 g, einem Außendurchmesser von ca. 30 mm ergibt sich mit einer Federkraft von ca. 800 N und einem vergleichsweise kurzen Verfahrweg des Kontaktteiles 7 eine kinetische Energie von einigen Joule, welche zu einem großen Teil in plastische Verformungen im Kontaktbereich überführt wird.In an exemplary design of the movable contact part 7 with a weight of essentially 100 g, an outer diameter of approx. 30 mm, a spring force of approx is largely converted into plastic deformations in the contact area.

Bei einem Konus mit einem Konuswinkel < 3° und einer Konuslänge von beispielsweise 6 mm mit der Kontaktelektrode führt diese Energie bereits zu einer Verlängerung des theoretischen Verfahrweges bei der Annahme eines einfachen Formschlusses von einigen 100 µm. Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Kurzschließeinrichtung für Kurzschlussströme von mehreren 10 bis 100 kA beträgt die für die plastische Verformung zur Verfügung stehende Energie ausschließlich durch die Federkraft bedingt mindestens 10 Joule. Infolge der Unterstützung der Federkraft durch zusätzliche Kräfte entsprechend der Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre werden bei Unterbrechung des Stromes nach dem Schmelzen des Opferelementes Verlängerungen des Verfahrweges von > 0,5 mm bis 2 mm erreicht.In the case of a cone with a cone angle of <3° and a cone length of, for example, 6 mm with the contact electrode, this energy already leads to an extension of the theoretical travel path by assuming a simple form fit of a few 100 µm. In the preferred embodiment of the short-circuiting device for short-circuit currents of several 10 to 100 kA, the energy available for the plastic deformation is at least 10 joules solely due to the spring force. As a result of the support of the spring force by additional forces according to the execution of the According to the teaching according to the invention, when the current is interrupted after the melting of the sacrificial element, the travel path is lengthened by >0.5 mm to 2 mm.

Ohne Unterbrechung des Stromes erhöht sich die kinetische Energie auf mehrere 10 Joule, wodurch sich der Verfahrweg gegenüber dem bei reinem Formschluss um mehrere Millimeter verlängert. Bei einer solchen Auslegung kann der Verfahrweg mit geeigneten Mitteln limitiert werden, da für eine hinreichende Stromtragfähigkeit entsprechend der gezeigten Darstellungen nur eine geringe Eindringtiefe des Kontaktteiles 7 bezogen auf die entsprechende Kontaktelektrode ausreichend ist.Without interrupting the current, the kinetic energy increases to several tens of joules, which means that the travel distance is several millimeters longer than with a pure form fit. With such a design, the travel path can be limited by suitable means, since only a small penetration depth of the contact part 7 in relation to the corresponding contact electrode is sufficient for a sufficient current-carrying capacity according to the illustrations shown.

Für weitere Einzelheiten hinsichtlich des Aufbaues der Kurzschließeinrichtung wird auf die DE 10 2016 115 222.6 verwiesen.For further details regarding the structure of the short-circuiting device is on the DE 10 2016 115 222.6 referred.

Der erfindungsgemäße Brückenzünder soll anhand der Figuren 2 und 3 und diesbezüglicher Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden.The bridge igniter according to the invention is based on the figures 2 and 3 and related embodiments are explained in more detail.

Der schnelle Schalter 3 gemäß Darstellung nach Figur 1 wird auf der Basis eines Brückenzünders ausgeführt.The fast switch 3 as shown in FIG figure 1 is performed on the basis of a bridge igniter.

Bei der Ausbildung gemäß Figur 2 weist das Schaltelement 3 zwei stromtragfähige Kontakte 10 und 11 auf, die durch eine Isolationsscheibe 12 auf einen geringen Abstand von beispielsweise ≤ 1 mm gehalten werden.In accordance with the training figure 2 the switching element 3 has two current-carrying contacts 10 and 11, which are held by an insulating disc 12 at a small distance of, for example, ≦1 mm.

Es besteht dabei die Möglichkeit, dass einer der Kontakte unter Einwirkung einer Federvorspannkraft stehen kann (figürlich nicht dargestellt).There is the possibility that one of the contacts can be under the influence of a spring preload force (not shown in the figure).

In dem stromtragfähigen Kontakt 11 (in den Figuren der untere Kontakt) ist eine Vertiefung vorgesehen, welche einen Dornfortsatz 13 und bevorzugt eine Entlüftungsöffnung 14 besitzt.In the current-carrying contact 11 (in the figures, the lower contact) a depression is provided which has a spinous process 13 and preferably a vent opening 14 .

Der gegenüberliegende Kontakt 10 besitzt einen Hohlraum, in welchen ein beweglicher Kontakt 15 in Form einer Kappe eingesetzt ist.The opposite contact 10 has a cavity in which a movable contact 15 in the form of a cap is inserted.

Diese bewegliche Kontaktkappe 15 ist auf einer druckfesten zylindrischen Hülse 16 geführt.This movable contact cap 15 is guided on a pressure-resistant cylindrical sleeve 16.

Innerhalb der druckfesten zylindrischen Hülse 16 befindet sich der eigentliche Brückenzünder 17.The actual bridge detonator 17 is located within the pressure-resistant cylindrical sleeve 16.

Die zylindrische Hülse 16 ist im Bereich der Ausführungen der Ansteuerleitungen 25 entsprechend abgedichtet.The cylindrical sleeve 16 is appropriately sealed in the area where the control lines 25 are executed.

Der Hohlraum in der Hülse 16 ist nach dem Einsetzen des Brückenzünders minimal und gegebenenfalls mit einem nicht kompressiblen Medium gefüllt.After the insertion of the bridge detonator, the cavity in the sleeve 16 is minimal and possibly filled with an incompressible medium.

Zwischen den stromtragfähigen Kontakten 10 und 11 befindet sich mindestens eine dünne Isolationsfolie 18.There is at least one thin insulating film 18 between the current-carrying contacts 10 and 11.

Die Isolationsfolie 18 kann eine elektrisch leitfähige Schicht besitzen oder aber mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Folie kombiniert werden.The insulating film 18 can have an electrically conductive layer or can be combined with an electrically conductive film.

Diese Isolationsfolie bzw. Isolationsfolien dienen dann der Erzielung einer hinreichenden Spannungsfestigkeit zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Kontakten 10; 11. Die leitfähige Beschichtung bzw. die zusätzliche leitfähige Folie dient der Steuerung des elektrischen Feldes neben einer diesbezüglichen optimierten Gestaltung der Oberfläche der Kontakte 10; 11.This insulating film or insulating films are then used to achieve sufficient dielectric strength between the opposite contacts 10; 11. The conductive coating or the additional conductive film is used to control the electric field in addition to a related optimized design of the surface of the contacts 10; 11.

Die Folien können dabei auch zur Fixierung der beweglichen Kappe 15 auf der Hülse 16 dienen.The foils can also be used to fix the movable cap 15 on the sleeve 16 .

Die bewegliche Kappe 15 ist so ausgeführt, dass sie den Abstand zwischen den Kontakten 10 und 11 brücken kann.The movable cap 15 is designed so that it can bridge the distance between the contacts 10 and 11.

Hierbei wird die Kappe 15 nach Aktivierung des Brückenzünders 17 durch die Ausdehnung des Gases im Hohlraum der Hülse 16 in Richtung des Kontaktes 10 und des dortigen Dornfortsatzes 13 bewegt.Here, the cap 15 is moved after the activation of the bridge fuse 17 by the expansion of the gas in the cavity of the sleeve 16 in the direction of the contact 10 and the spinous process 13 there.

Bei dieser Bewegung werden die erwähnten Folien gegen den Dorn 13 gedrückt und zerstört, wodurch die Isolation zwischen den stromtragfähigen Kontakten 10 und 11 aufgehoben ist.During this movement, the foils mentioned are pressed against the mandrel 13 and destroyed, as a result of which the insulation between the current-carrying contacts 10 and 11 is eliminated.

Damit keine Gaskompression auftritt, welche der gewünschten Bewegung entgegenwirkt, sind die erwähnten Entlüftungsöffnungen 14 vorgesehen.The ventilation openings 14 mentioned are provided so that no gas compression occurs, which counteracts the desired movement.

Die Kappe 15 wird in der Vertiefung im unteren stromtragfähigen Kontakt 11 und am Dorn 13 verklemmt.The cap 15 is clamped in the depression in the lower current-carrying contact 11 and on the mandrel 13 .

Der Schaft der Kappe 15 verbleibt teilweise im Kontakt 10 und brückt die Distanz zwischen den beiden Kontakten 10; 11, wodurch eine metallische, leitfähige Verbindung entsteht.The shank of the cap 15 remains partially in the contact 10 and bridges the distance between the two contacts 10; 11, creating a metallic, conductive connection.

Grundsätzlich kann der Dorn 13 auch an der beweglichen Kappe 15 befestigt oder die Kappe 15 mit einem dornförmigen Fortsatz realisiert werden.In principle, the mandrel 13 can also be attached to the movable cap 15 or the cap 15 can be realized with a mandrel-shaped extension.

Die Stromtragfähigkeit der vorbeschriebenen elektrischen Verbindung über die Kappe 15 ist gleich, jedoch bevorzugt höher ausgelegt als die Stromtragfähigkeit des Opferelementes 6.The current-carrying capacity of the electrical connection described above via the cap 15 is the same, but is preferably designed to be higher than the current-carrying capacity of the sacrificial element 6.

Die stromtragfähigen Kontakte 10 und 11 benötigen aufgrund der erläuterten Funktionsweise eine exakte Führung, die beispielsweise durch eine Isolationshülse 19 nebst Dichtringen 20 realisierbar ist.The current-carrying contacts 10 and 11 require an exact guidance due to the explained mode of operation, which can be implemented, for example, by means of an insulating sleeve 19 together with sealing rings 20 .

Bei der Ausführungsform des Schaltelementes 3 gemäß Figur 3 wird von einer ähnlichen Grundkonstruktion ausgegangen, wie anhand der Figur 2 erläutert.In the embodiment of the switching element 3 according to figure 3 it is assumed that the basic construction is similar to that based on the figure 2 explained.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 3 ist jedoch keine beweglich gelagerte Kappe 15 notwendig.In the embodiment according to figure 3 however, no movably mounted cap 15 is necessary.

Vielmehr befinden sich im Hohlraum innerhalb der Hülse 16 leitfähige Partikel 21, die aufgrund der Gasausdehnung und der Entlüftungen zwischen den Kontakten 10 und 11 einen Überschlag selbst bei anliegenden Spannungen von < 70 V erzeugen.Rather, there are conductive particles 21 in the cavity within the sleeve 16, which due to the gas expansion and the vents between the contacts 10 and 11 produce a flashover even when voltages of <70 V are applied.

Bei entsprechendem metallischen Pulver kann aufgrund des kurzen Abstandes zwischen den Kontakten 10 und 11 auch eine metallische Brücke hinreichender Stromtragfähigkeit geschaffen werden.With the appropriate metallic powder, a metallic bridge with sufficient current-carrying capacity can also be created due to the short distance between the contacts 10 and 11 .

Hierzu ist eine hinreichende Menge an Metallpulver 21, welche bevorzugt größer als das Volumen des Hohlraumes zwischen den Elektroden 10 und 11 ist, sowie eine nur begrenzte Entlüftung mit Umlenkung durch einen kleinen Querschnitt notwendig.This requires a sufficient amount of metal powder 21, which is preferably larger than the volume of the cavity between the electrodes 10 and 11, and only limited ventilation with deflection through a small cross section.

Das teilweise geschmolzene Pulver wird nach Zerstörung der Isolationsfolie 18 beim Eindringen in den Entlüftungskanal 14 so stark abgekühlt, dass es erstarrt und den Durchlass verschließt.After the insulating film 18 has been destroyed, the partially melted powder is cooled so severely as it enters the ventilation channel 14 that it solidifies and closes the passage.

Das verbleibende Pulver 21 wird durch den Lichtbogen weiter erwärmt und bildet eine gewünschte metallische Brücke zwischen den Kontakten 10; 11.The remaining powder 21 is further heated by the arc and forms a desired metallic bridge between the contacts 10; 11.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform kann der Brückenzünder 17 auch selbst mit einer definierten Menge leitfähiger Partikel ertüchtigt werden.In this embodiment, the bridge igniter 17 itself can also be upgraded with a defined quantity of conductive particles.

Die leitfähigen Partikel können im Hohlraum der Hülse 16 durch eine Lackschicht oder durch eine Folie 22 mechanisch fixiert werden.The conductive particles can be fixed mechanically in the hollow space of the sleeve 16 by a layer of lacquer or by a foil 22 .

Die Schaltelemente gemäß den Darstellungen nach Figuren 2 und 3 sind in der Lage, eine niederohmige metallische Verbindung zwischen den Hauptkontakten 1 und 2 über das Opferelement 6 gemäß Figur 1 bzw. 4 zu realisieren.The switching elements according to the illustrations figures 2 and 3 are able to provide a low-impedance metallic connection between the main contacts 1 and 2 via the sacrificial element 6 according to figure 1 or 4 to realize.

Die geschaffene Verbindung besitzt eine Stromtragfähigkeit, welche mindestens der des Opferelementes 6 entspricht, wodurch die Auslösung des beweglichen Kontaktes 7 und seine Bewegung zum Kurzschluss der Hauptelektroden 1 und 2 in jedem Fall sichergestellt ist.The connection created has a current-carrying capacity which corresponds at least to that of the sacrificial element 6, as a result of which the triggering of the movable contact 7 and its movement to short-circuit the main electrodes 1 and 2 is ensured in any case.

Die Verbindung über den schnellen Schalter entsprechend den Ausführungsformen nach den Figuren 2 und 3 erfolgt mit Auslösung des Brückenzünders innerhalb einer Zeit von ca. 100 µs, welche vergleichbar ist mit der Auslösung eines Halbleiterschalters mit entsprechenden EMV-Schutzmaßnahmen.The connection via the fast switch according to the embodiments according to figures 2 and 3 takes place when the bridge igniter is triggered within a period of approx. 100 µs, which is comparable to the triggering of a semiconductor switch with appropriate EMC protective measures.

Der Hilfspfad mit dem schnellen Schalter 3 kann mit Hilfe einer Sicherung 4 nach der Zerstörung des Opferelementes 6 abgetrennt werden. Aufgrund der Überlastfestigkeit des schnellen Schalters und bei hinreichender Stromtragfähigkeit des Hilfspfades ist es möglich, den Strom bis zum metallischen Kurzschluss der Hauptkontakte ohne Unterbrechung zu führen.The auxiliary path with the fast switch 3 can be separated with the aid of a fuse 4 after the destruction of the sacrificial element 6. Due to the overload resistance of the fast switch and with sufficient current-carrying capacity of the auxiliary path, it is possible to conduct the current without interruption up to the metallic short circuit of the main contacts.

Bei einer Überlastung der Stromtragfähigkeit der metallischen Kappe gemäß Figur 2 bzw. der Brücke aus metallischen Partikeln 21, fungiert der schnelle Schalter als Funkenstrecke mit sehr geringer Lichtbogenspannung. Bei sehr hohen Belastungen schmelzen die Kontakte 10 und 11 bei Lichtbogenbildung partiell auf, wodurch wiederum ein metallischer Kurzschluss im Hilfspfad entsteht.In the event of an overload of the current carrying capacity of the metallic cap according to figure 2 or the bridge made of metallic particles 21, the fast switch acts as a spark gap with a very low arc voltage. At very high loads, the contacts 10 and 11 partially melt when arcing occurs, which in turn creates a metallic short circuit in the auxiliary path.

Der Hilfspfad kann damit Ströme im Bereich von mehreren 10 kA für einige Millisekunden selbständig führen, bis die Entlastung durch Schließung der Hauptkontakte über das bewegliche Kontaktteil 7 erfolgt. Diese Stromtragfähigkeit ist somit höher als die eines preisgünstigen Halbleiterschalters bei vergleichbarer Schließzeit. Die Kosten und der Platzbedarf sinken gegenüber einem Halbleiterschalter erheblich.The auxiliary path can thus independently carry currents in the range of several 10 kA for a few milliseconds until the load is relieved by closing the main contacts via the movable contact part 7 . This current-carrying capacity is therefore higher than that of an inexpensive semiconductor switch with a comparable closing time. The costs and the space required are significantly reduced compared to a semiconductor switch.

Das schnelle Schaltelement kann wie in Figur 1 angedeutet, außerhalb der eigentlichen Kurzschließeinrichtung vorgesehen sein. Alternativ ist aber auch eine Integration innerhalb der Kurzschließeinrichtung möglich.The fast switching element can be used as in figure 1 indicated, be provided outside of the actual short-circuiting device. Alternatively, however, integration within the short-circuiting device is also possible.

Diesbezüglich kann der schnelle Schalter neben einer vollständigen Integration in das druckfeste Gehäuse der Kurzschließeinrichtung beispielsweise durch einen Steck- oder Schraubadapter ähnlich einer Sicherung mit dem Kurzschließer verbunden werden. Dies erlaubt einen einfachen Austausch der Einheit mit dem Brückenzünder bei entsprechender Ausführung sogar unter Spannung.In this regard, the fast switch can be connected to the short-circuiter, for example, by means of a plug-in or screw adapter similar to a fuse, in addition to being fully integrated into the flameproof housing of the short-circuiting device. This allows easy replacement of the unit with the bridge detonator, even when live, if the design is appropriate.

Eine diesbezüglich beispielhafte Darstellung ist in der Figur 4 gezeigt. Hier ist der Hilfskurzschließer auf der Basis eines Brückenzünders vor dem Anschluss 5 des Opferelementes 6 eingesetzt. Die Verbindung zum Anschluss 5 kann durch eine Druck- bzw. Steckverbindung realisiert werden, so dass der Hilfskurzschließer austauschbar ist. Der Hilfskurzschließer gemäß Figur 2 ist in dem Gehäuse des Hauptkurzschließers mit dem Potential des Hauptkontaktes 2 durch das Teil 23 isoliert eingebracht. Die Verbindung des Hilfskurzschließers zum Anschluss 1 des Hauptkurzschließers wird über eine äußere Verbindung 24 realisiert. Diese Verbindung 24 kann auch innerhalb des Gehäuses des Hauptkurzschließers bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung erfolgen.An exemplary representation in this regard is in figure 4 shown. Here the auxiliary short-circuiter is used on the basis of a bridge igniter in front of the connection 5 of the sacrificial element 6 . The connection to port 5 can be realized by a pressure or plug connection, so that the auxiliary short-circuiter can be exchanged. The auxiliary short circuiter according to figure 2 is placed in the housing of the main short circuiter with the potential of the main contact 2 isolated by the part 23. The auxiliary short-circuiter is connected to terminal 1 of the main short-circuiter via an external connection 24 . This connection 24 can also take place within the housing of the main short circuiter with an appropriate configuration.

Die Anschlüsse 25 zur Aktivierung des Hilfskurzschließers zum Brückenzünder 17 werden isoliert nach außen zu einer nicht dargestellten Erfassungseinheit zur Bereitstellung der Zündenergie geführt.The connections 25 for activating the auxiliary short circuiter for the bridge igniter 17 are routed in an insulated manner to the outside to a detection unit (not shown) for providing the ignition energy.

Claims (17)

  1. A short-circuiting device for use in low-voltage and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and persons, comprising
    a switching element (3), which can be operated by a tripping signal of a fault detection device,
    two mutually opposite contact electrodes (70; 80) having means (1; 2) for power supply, which contact electrodes can be brought into contact with an electrical circuit having connection points at different potentials,
    furthermore, in at least one of the contact electrodes (80), a movable contact part (7), which is under mechanical preload and executes a movement to the further contact electrode (70) with the assistance of spring force in the event of a short circuit,
    a sacrificial element (6) as a spacer between the contact electrodes (70; 80), as well as with an electrical connection between the sacrificial element (6) and the switching element (3) on the one hand and one of the contact electrodes on the other hand, in order to deliberately cause current-flow-induced thermal deformation or destruction of the sacrificial element (6),
    wherein the movable contact part (7) is formed as a hollow cylinder closed on one side, and in the hollow cylinder, a spring (8) is inserted for generating a preload, the hollow cylinder being guided to be movable in a complementary recess in the first contact electrode (80) while forming a sliding contact,
    characterized in that
    the switching element (3) is formed on the basis of a bridge igniter (17) and is composed of two mutually opposite contacts (10; 11) having current carrying capacity, which are kept at a short distance by an insulation (12),
    wherein the electrical insulation between the contacts (10; 11) is cancelled when the bridge igniter (17) is triggered.
  2. The short-circuiting device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area of a bottom (71) of the closed hollow cylinder, a cylinder wall of the hollow cylinder merges into a cone (72) on the side of the outer circumference,
    furthermore, a first pin-shaped extension (73) extends from the bottom in the interior of the hollow cylinder, a second pin-shaped extension (100) insulated from the contact electrodes (70; 80) being located opposite to the extension (73),
    wherein the sacrificial element (6), formed as a bolt or screw, is arranged between the first and the second pin-shaped extension (73; 100), and
    within the second contact electrode (80), a recess adapted to the outer cone (72) of the movable contact (7) and having an inner cone (91) is provided, wherein the outer and inner cones form a bounce-free short circuit contact area with frictional and positive connection due to plastic deformation occurring.
  3. The short-circuiting device according to claim 2, characterized in that deaeration openings (92) connected to the area of the recess having the inner cone are provided in the second contact electrode (70) in order to prevent pressure from building up due to the movement of the contact part (7).
  4. The short-circuiting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the deaeration openings (92) are closed by a plug displaced under the effect of pressure, or by a valve.
  5. The short-circuiting device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a clearance dimension of the sliding contact is < 0.2 mm.
  6. The short-circuiting device according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that a respective cone angle is in the range of ≤ 3 degrees.
  7. The short-circuiting device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact electrodes (70; 80) are formed to be rotationally symmetrical and kept spaced apart by means of an insulating centering ring (110).
  8. The short-circuiting device according to any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the movable contact part (7) moves in a piston-like manner in the recess of the first contact electrode (80), with the energy released during the destruction of the sacrificial element (6) and/or the energy of a developing arc acting upon the bottom (71) of the movable contact part (7) in a movement accelerating manner.
  9. The short-circuiting device according to any of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the second pin-shaped extension (100) is surrounded by an insulating tube of a gas-emitting material.
  10. The short-circuiting device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the contacts (11) having current carrying capacity includes a depression in which a mandrel extension (13) is formed, whose tip points toward a film (18) spanning the depression.
  11. The short-circuiting device according to claim 10, characterized in that the further one of the contacts (10) having current carrying capacity includes a cavity for the bridge igniter (17).
  12. The short-circuiting device according to claim 11, characterized in that a pressure-resistant sleeve (16) is located in the cavity.
  13. The short-circuiting device according to claim 12, characterized in that, in the direction of the mandrel extension (13), the sleeve (16) includes a cap (15) which when the bridge igniter (17) is triggered, moves toward the mandrel extension (13) while the film (18) is destroyed and an electrical connection between the contacts (10; 11) having current carrying capacity is established.
  14. The short-circuiting device according to any of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the depression includes a deaeration opening (14).
  15. The short-circuiting device according to any of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that conductive particles (21) are introduced in the cavity of the sleeve (16), which, when the bridge igniter (17) is triggered, establish an electrical connection between the contacts (10; 11).
  16. The short-circuiting device according to claim 15, characterized in that, on the side of the sleeve opening, the conductive particles (21) are fixed in place by means of a film or a cover layer (22).
  17. The short-circuiting device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching element, along with the bridge igniter (17), can be integrated into the contact electrode (80), in particular can be screwed in or plugged in.
EP18812155.2A 2018-01-03 2018-12-03 Short-circuiting device for use in low-voltage and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and persons Active EP3735703B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018100076.6A DE102018100076B3 (en) 2018-01-03 2018-01-03 Short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage systems for property and personal protection
PCT/EP2018/083269 WO2019134777A1 (en) 2018-01-03 2018-12-03 Short-circuiting device for use in low-voltage and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and persons

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3735703A1 EP3735703A1 (en) 2020-11-11
EP3735703B1 true EP3735703B1 (en) 2023-08-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18812155.2A Active EP3735703B1 (en) 2018-01-03 2018-12-03 Short-circuiting device for use in low-voltage and medium-voltage systems for the protection of property and persons

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US11145477B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3735703B1 (en)
CN (1) CN111684562B (en)
AU (1) AU2018399890B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102018100076B3 (en)
WO (1) WO2019134777A1 (en)

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DE102019101307B3 (en) * 2019-01-18 2020-06-18 Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh Electric closer
CN112331522A (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-02-05 安徽理工大学 Non-contact explosion type switch
CN114400611B (en) * 2022-01-16 2024-03-01 莆田学院 Short-circuit protection device with GaN device convenient for warning
AT525886B1 (en) * 2022-07-05 2023-09-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Safety switch

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DE9419141U1 (en) * 1994-11-29 1996-03-28 Klöckner-Moeller GmbH, 53115 Bonn Short-circuiter for extinguishing arcing faults for use in switchgear
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DE10313045B3 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-07-15 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Short-circuit device for LV and MV equipment, has mechanically pre-stressed electrodes held apart by overvoltage protection device and brought into contact by failure of latter
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102018100076B3 (en) 2019-06-13
AU2018399890A1 (en) 2020-07-16
CN111684562A (en) 2020-09-18
US20210066009A1 (en) 2021-03-04
AU2018399890B2 (en) 2022-01-06
EP3735703A1 (en) 2020-11-11
WO2019134777A1 (en) 2019-07-11
US11145477B2 (en) 2021-10-12
CN111684562B (en) 2024-09-03

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