EP2428834A1 - Procédé de conception de verre de lunettes progressif - Google Patents

Procédé de conception de verre de lunettes progressif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2428834A1
EP2428834A1 EP11180874A EP11180874A EP2428834A1 EP 2428834 A1 EP2428834 A1 EP 2428834A1 EP 11180874 A EP11180874 A EP 11180874A EP 11180874 A EP11180874 A EP 11180874A EP 2428834 A1 EP2428834 A1 EP 2428834A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
progressive
progression
power
point
start point
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Granted
Application number
EP11180874A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2428834B1 (fr
Inventor
Osamu Wada
Tadashi Kaga
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EHS Lens Philippines Inc
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Publication of EP2428834A1 publication Critical patent/EP2428834A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power
    • G02C7/063—Shape of the progressive surface
    • G02C7/065—Properties on the principal line
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
    • G02C7/027—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses considering wearer's parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/08—Series of lenses, lens blanks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a progressive-power spectacle lens design method including a distance portion having power corresponding to distant vision, a near portion having power corresponding to near vision, and a progressive portion provided between the distance portion and the near portion.
  • Spectacle lenses are either single-vision spectacle lenses or progressive-power spectacle lenses.
  • a progressive-power spectacle lens is, for example, an aspheric lens including a distance portion having power (dioptric power) corresponding to distant vision, a near portion having power corresponding to near vision, a progressive portion provided between the distance portion and the near portion, and intermediate side portions provided on both sides of the progressive portion.
  • the progressive portion provided between the distance portion and the near portion has a progressive surface where addition power continuously changes between a progression start point and a progression end point along a principal meridian that is a collection of points through which the line of sight frequently passes when the lens is worn by a wearer.
  • Known progressive-power spectacle lenses of related art have a variety of relationships between the length of a progressive corridor, which is defined by the progression start point and the progression end point, and addition power, which is the difference in power between the distance portion and the near portion.
  • a progressive corridor is provided between a progression start point, which is the boundary between a progressive portion and a distance portion, and a progression end point, which is the boundary between the progressive portion and a near portion, and the length of the progressive corridor is set to be longer for greater addition power.
  • the distance from the intersection of the boundary between a distance portion and an intermediate portion and a principal meridian to a progression start point on the principal meridian and the length of a progressive corridor are set to be shorter for greater addition power.
  • the change in dioptric power at a point on the boundary causes the spectacle wearer, if the wearer has been using the progressive-power spectacle lens only for a short period, to feel uncomfortable. As a result, the spectacle wearer will not become readily accustomed to the progressive-power spectacle lens or will feel difficult to use the lens.
  • the lens is so designed that the length of the progressive corridor is set to be shorter for greater addition power or changed in inverse proportion to the magnitude of addition power.
  • the change in addition power needs to be greater across the same length of the progressive corridor or the rate of change in addition power needs to be sharply increased. As a result, the spectacle wearer will experience eye fatigue or feel difficult to use the lens.
  • An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to provide a progressive-power spectacle lens design method that provides both a wearer who first uses a progressive-power spectacle lens and a wearer who are in an advanced stage of presbyopia with excellent usability.
  • An aspect of the invention is directed to a progressive-power spectacle lens design method for a progressive-power spectacle lens of a given addition power including a distance portion, a near portion, and a progressive portion provided between the distance portion and the near portion, a power of the lens changing along a principal meridian between a progression start point provided at a distance-portion-side end of the progressive portion and a progression end point provided at a near-portion-side end of the progressive portion, the method comprising:
  • the distance portion is a portion having first power and typically refers to a portion having power corresponding to distant vision.
  • the distance portion may not be a portion having power corresponding to distant vision but may alternatively be a portion having power that allows a wearer to view an object at an intermediate distance or a portion having power that corresponds to near vision and allows the wearer to view a near object.
  • the lens is so designed that the rate of change in addition power of the lens is small and the distance along the principal meridian from the fitting point, through which the line of sight passes when the wearer views an object in front thereof, to the progression start point is large.
  • the field of view around the fitting point does not include the portion where the dioptric power changes, whereby a wide field of view for distant vision similar to that of a single-vision lens can be provided and hence the wearer who uses a progressive-power spectacle lens for the first time will not feel uncomfortable and will be quickly accustomed to the progressive-power spectacle lens.
  • the rate of change in addition power is small, the amount of astigmatism is small and the wearer will not experience eye fatigue in many cases.
  • the progressive-power spectacle lens described above is so designed that the distance from the fitting point to the progression end point (the amount of downward pivotal motion of an eyeball) is fixed irrespective of the magnitude of the addition power, the lens can be designed in consideration of the size of the lens itself.
  • the position of the progression start point S is determined with respect to the fitting point.
  • the lens can be designed efficiently under a variety of conditions by separately determining the dioptric power of the distance portion, the dioptric power of the near portion, and the addition power Add and setting the parameters "a" and "b" for each wearer.
  • a progression start point limiting parameter "c" that limits the position of the progression start point S satisfies the following relationships. - 3 mm ⁇ c ⁇ 0 mm S mm ⁇ c
  • the length of the progressive corridor may become too long and the progression end point is not located inside the periphery of the lens or is too close thereto, thus the lens cannot be designed.
  • setting the progression start point limiting parameter "c" allows practical lens design to be performed.
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point is set at a fixed value of -2 mm.
  • lens design can be performed under this condition.
  • a limiting parameter "f" that limits the position of the progression start point S satisfies the following relationships. - 6 mm ⁇ f f ⁇ S mm
  • Figs. 1A and 1B show a progressive-power spectacle lens according to an embodiment of the invention:
  • Fig. 1A is a front view showing a distance portion, a near portion, a progressive portion, and a principal meridian, and
  • Fig. 1B shows a graph illustrating change in addition power along the principal meridian.
  • Figs. 2A to 2C show graphs illustrating change in addition power along the principal meridian: Fig. 2A shows a graph for small addition power, Fig. 2B shows a graph for large addition power, and Fig. 2C shows a graph for large addition power with a progression start point located in the distance portion beyond a fitting point.
  • Fig. 1A is a front view of a progressive-power spectacle lens according to the present embodiment
  • Fig. 1B shows a graph illustrating change in power along a principal meridian.
  • the progressive-power spectacle lens includes a distance portion 1 having power corresponding to distant vision, a near portion 2 having power corresponding to near vision, a progressive portion 3 provided between the distance portion 1 and the near portion 2, and intermediate side portions 4 provided on both sides of the progressive portion 3.
  • the right side is the ear side
  • the left side is the nose side.
  • a boundary line Q1 is drawn along the boundary between the distance portion 1 and the progressive portion 3, and a boundary line Q2 is drawn along the boundary between the progressive portion 3 and the near portion 2.
  • a principal meridian A is provided from the distance portion 1 through the progressive portion 3 to the near portion 2.
  • the principal meridian A is a collection of positions on the lens through which the line of sight frequently passes when the lens is worn by a wearer.
  • the principal meridian A in the distance portion 1 is provided vertically in a substantially central portion.
  • the principal meridian A in the progressive portion 3 is so set that an upper portion thereof is provided along the principal meridian A provided in the distance portion 1 and the remaining portion is inclined toward the nose.
  • the principal meridian A in the near portion 2 extends in the vertical direction.
  • the principal meridian A provided in the distance portion 1 is parallel to that provided in the near portion 2.
  • the principal meridian A is shifted toward the nose in consideration of convergence that occurs when the wearer views a near object.
  • the intersection of the principal meridian A and the boundary line Q1 is a fitting point F through which the line of sight passes when the wearer views an object in front thereof.
  • a position located on the principal meridian A and set apart from the fitting point F by a distance d is a progression start point S
  • the intersection of the principal meridian A and the boundary line Q2 between the progressive portion 3 and the near portion 2 is a progression end point E.
  • the area between the progression start point S and the progression end point E along the principal meridian A is a progressive surface where addition power continuously changes.
  • the vertical length between the progression start point S and the progression end point E is the length L of a progressive corridor, and the length between the progression start point S and the progression end point E along the horizontal direction perpendicular to the vertical direction is the amount of inset I.
  • the dioptric power is set at D1 from the distance portion 1 to the fitting point F, is also set at D1 from the fitting point F to the progression start point S, increases from D1 to D2 from the progression start point S to the progression end point E, and is set at D2 from the progression end point E to the lower end of the near portion 2, as shown in Fig. 1B .
  • the difference between the dioptric power D1 and the dioptric power D2 is addition power Add.
  • a progressive-power spectacle lens design method according to a first embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to Figs. 2A to 2C .
  • the dioptric power D1, the dioptric power D2, and the addition power Add are first measured for each wearer, and the distance M from the fitting point F to the progression end point E, that is, the amount of downward pivotal motion of an eyeball of the spectacle wearer, is further determined.
  • the amount of downward pivotal motion is an on-lens travel of the line of sight of the eyeball that pivots downward from a position of the eyeball oriented in the horizontal direction.
  • the distance d from the fitting point F to the progression start point S along the principal meridian A is determined in accordance with the addition power, as will be described later.
  • Fig. 2A shows a graph illustrating the change in addition power along the principal meridian for small addition power.
  • Fig. 2B shows a graph illustrating the change in addition power along the principal meridian for large addition power.
  • Fig. 2C shows a graph illustrating the change in addition power along the principal meridian for large addition power with the progression start point S located in the distance portion beyond the fitting point F.
  • the progression start point S is set to be far away from the fitting point F so that the distance d is increased and the length L of the progressive corridor is decreased as shown in Fig. 2A
  • the progression start point S is set to be close to the fitting point F so that the distance d is decreased and the length L of the progressive corridor is increased as shown in Fig. 2B
  • the addition power Add is larger, the progression start point S is located in the distance portion beyond the fitting point F, as indicated by the solid line in Fig. 2C .
  • the distance M from the fitting point F to the progression end point E is fixed irrespective of the magnitude of the addition power Add.
  • the distance M typically ranges from approximately 10 to 20 mm although varying from wearer to wearer.
  • the position of the progression start point S on the principal meridian with respect to the fitting point F is determined by the following conditions.
  • S mm a ⁇ Add - b 3 ⁇ a ⁇ 5 8 mm ⁇ b ⁇ 12 mm
  • the addition power Add is theoretical addition power and ranges, for example, from 0.50 to 3.50 dioptre.
  • the parameters "a” and "b” depend on the wearer and are set as appropriate.
  • a lens is shaped based on the values described above, and the lens is attached to a frame (not shown). Spectacles are thus completed.
  • the progressive-power spectacle lens design method according to a second embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to Fig. 2C .
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a limiting parameter "c" that limits the position of the progression start point S is set.
  • Equation (4) is set in consideration of the size of the lens itself, the addition power Add of the wearer, and other factors. - 3 mm ⁇ c ⁇ 0 mm S mm ⁇ c
  • a progression start point So is located below the fitting point F, and hence the length of the progressive corridor is decreased from L, which is necessary in theory, to Lo, as indicated by the phantom line in Fig. 2C .
  • the third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that a limiting parameter "f" that sets a lower limit of the position of the progression start point S is set.
  • Equation (6) and (7) are conditions of the limiting parameter "f", which limits the position of the progression start point S set in the third embodiment.
  • the conditions expressed in Equation (6) and (7) are set in consideration of the size of the lens itself, the addition power Add of the wearer, and other factors. - 6 mm ⁇ f f ⁇ S mm
  • the distance d and the length L of the progressive corridor are set in accordance with the addition power Add, and the other conditions are the same as those in lens design of related art.
  • Example 1 and 2 corresponding to the first embodiment will be described.
  • Example 1 corresponds to a wearer whose amount of downward pivotal motion is 14 mm, and "a" and “b” are 4 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Table 1 shows results obtained by substituting the values described above into Equations (1) to (3). Example 1 corresponds to a case where the amount of downward pivotal motion is 14 mm. The progression start point S and the length L of the progressive corridor are determined by substituting addition power determined for each wearer into Table 1.
  • Example 2 is similar to Example 1 and "a" and “b” are 4 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Table 2 shows results obtained by substituting the values described above into Equations (1) to (3).
  • Example 2 corresponds to a wearer whose amount of downward pivotal motion is 15 mm.
  • the addition power preferably ranges from 2.25 to 0.50 dioptre (D), but values outside the range can be used when certain conditions are satisfied.
  • Example 1 when the addition power Add is small, for example, when the addition power Add is 0.50 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -8 mm (distance d is 8 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 6 mm.
  • the addition power Add is large, for example, when the addition power Add is 2.25 dioptre (D) , the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -1 mm (distance d is 1 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 13 mm.
  • Example 2 when the addition power Add is small, for example, when the addition power Add is 0.50 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -8 mm (distance d is 8 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 7 mm. In contrast, when the addition power Add is large, for example, when the addition power Add is 2.25 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -1 mm (distance d is 1 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 14 mm.
  • the distance M from the fitting point F to the progression end point E is fixed, specifically, 14 mm in Example 1 and 15 mm in Example 2, irrespective of the magnitude of the addition power Add.
  • the distance d and the length L of the progressive corridor are determined based on Example 1, and for a wearer whose amount of downward pivotal motion is 15 mm, the distance d and the length L of the progressive corridor are determined based on Example 2.
  • Example 3 corresponds to a wearer whose amount of downward pivotal motion is 14 mm, and "a”, “b”, and “c” are 4 mm, 10 mm, and -2 mm, respectively.
  • Table 3 shows results obtained by substituting the values described above into Equations (1) to (5).
  • Example 4 is similar to Example 3 and "a" , “b”, and “c” are 4 mm, 10 mm, and -2 mm, respectively.
  • Table 4 shows results obtained by substituting the values described above into Equations (1) to (5).
  • Example 4 corresponds to a wearer whose amount of downward pivotal motion is 15 mm.
  • the addition power preferably ranges from 2.00 to 0.50 dioptre (D), but values outside the range can be used when certain conditions are satisfied.
  • Example 3 when the addition power Add is small, for example, when the addition power Add is 0.50 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -8 mm (distance d is 8 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 6 mm, whereas when the addition power Add is large, for example, when the addition power Add is 1.75 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -3 mm (distance d is 3 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 11 mm.
  • the addition power Add is equal to or greater than 2.00 dioptre (D)
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F and the length L of the progressive corridor are fixed, specifically, -2 mm (distance d is 2 mm) and 12 mm, respectively.
  • Example 4 when the addition power Add is small, for example, when the addition power Add is 0.50 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -8 mm (distance d is 8 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 7 mm, whereas when the addition power Add is large, for example, when the addition power Add is 1.75 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -3 mm (distance d is 3 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 12 mm.
  • the addition power Add is equal to or greater than 2.00 dioptre (D)
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F and the length L of the progressive corridor are fixed, specifically, -2 mm (distance d is 2 mm) and 13 mm, respectively.
  • the distance M from the fitting point F to the progression end point E is fixed, specifically, 14 mm in Example 3 and 15 mm in Example 4, irrespective of the magnitude of the addition power Add.
  • Example 5 corresponds to a wearer whose amount of downward pivotal motion is 14 mm, and "a”, “b”, “c”, and “f” are 4 mm, 10 mm, -2 mm, and -6 mm, respectively.
  • Table 5 shows results obtained by substituting the values described above into Equations (1) to (7).
  • Example 6 is similar to Example 5 and "a”, “b”, “c”, and “f” are 4 mm, 10 mm, -2 mm, and -7mm, respectively. Table 6 shows results obtained by substituting the values described above into Equations (1) to (7). Example 6 corresponds to a wearer whose amount of downward pivotal motion is 15 mm.
  • the addition power preferably ranges from 2.00 to 1.00 dioptre (D), but values outside the range can be used when certain conditions are satisfied.
  • Example 5 when the addition power Add is small, for example, when the addition power Add is 1.00 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -6 mm (distance d is 6 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 8 mm, whereas when the addition power Add is large, for example, when the addition power Add is 1.75 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -3 mm (distance d is 3 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 11 mm.
  • the addition power Add is equal to or greater than 2.00 dioptre (D)
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F and the length L of the progressive corridor are fixed, specifically, -2 mm (distance d is 2 mm) and 12 mm, respectively.
  • the addition power Add is equal to or smaller than 1.00 dioptre (D)
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F and the length L of the progressive corridor are fixed, specifically, -6 mm (distance d is 6 mm) and 8 mm, respectively.
  • Example 6 when the addition power Add is small, for example, when the addition power Add is 1.00 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -6 mm (distance d is 6 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 9 mm, whereas when the addition power Add is large, for example, when the addition power Add is 1.75 dioptre (D), the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is -3 mm (distance d is 3 mm) and the length L of the progressive corridor is 12 mm.
  • the addition power Add is equal to or greater than 2.00 dioptre (D)
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F and the length L of the progressive corridor are fixed, specifically, -2 mm (distance d is 2 mm) and 13 mm, respectively.
  • the addition power Add is equal to or smaller than 1.00 dioptre (D)
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F and the length L of the progressive corridor are fixed, specifically, -6 mm (distance d is 6 mm) and 9 mm, respectively.
  • the distance M from the fitting point F to the progression end point E is fixed, specifically, 14 mm in Example 5 and 15 mm in Example 6, irrespective of the magnitude of the addition power Add.
  • the present embodiment can therefore provide the following advantageous effects.
  • a progressive-power spectacle lens is so designed that when the addition power Add is large, the distance d along the principal meridian from the fitting point F to the progression start point S is decreased and the length L of the progressive corridor is increased, whereas when the addition power Add is small, the distance d along the principal meridian from the fitting point F to the progression start point S is increased and the length L of the progressive corridor is decreased.
  • the field of view around the fitting point F does not include the portion where the dioptric power changes, whereby a wide field of view for distant vision similar to that of a single-vision lens can be provided and hence the wearer will not feel uncomfortable.
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F along the principal meridian is determined from Equations (1) to (3) with the position of the fitting point F being zero, the addition power being Add, and "a" and “b” being parameters.
  • a lens can therefore be designed efficiently under a variety of conditions by setting the addition power Add and the parameters "a” and "b" for each wearer.
  • the limiting parameter "c" which limits the position of the progression start point S along the principal meridian, is set by Equations (4) and (5) in accordance with the condition of the addition power Add, whereby a practically designable progressive-power spectacle lens can be provided.
  • the addition power Add is equal to or greater than 2.00 dioptre
  • the position of the progression start point S with respect to the fitting point F is fixed at -2 mm.
  • the lens is typically so designed that the addition power is not greater than 2.00 dioptre, whereby the lens can be designed in practice under this condition.
  • the progression end point E may not be located inside the lower periphery of the lens, which is unrealistic design.
  • the limiting parameter "f" which sets a lower limit of the position of the progression start point S, is set in the present embodiment, whereby rational lens design can be performed.
  • the invention is applicable to a progressive-power spectacle lens having a distance portion, a near portion, and a progressive portion.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
EP11180874.7A 2010-09-14 2011-09-12 Procédé de conception de verre de lunettes progressif Active EP2428834B1 (fr)

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JP2010205312A JP5566823B2 (ja) 2010-09-14 2010-09-14 累進屈折力眼鏡レンズの設計方法

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EP2428834A1 true EP2428834A1 (fr) 2012-03-14
EP2428834B1 EP2428834B1 (fr) 2016-06-01

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EP2713198A1 (fr) 2012-09-28 2014-04-02 Thomas Sinclair Laboratoires Lentille ophtalmique progressive pour patient souffrant de deficience visuelle

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WO2013141160A1 (fr) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Hoya株式会社 Verre de lunettes, procédé de conception de verre de lunettes, procédé de fabrication et système de fabrication
CN102830503A (zh) * 2012-07-26 2012-12-19 苏州苏大明世光学有限公司 一种通用型渐进多焦点镜片与模具
JP6360290B2 (ja) * 2013-10-29 2018-07-18 ホヤ レンズ タイランド リミテッドＨＯＹＡ Ｌｅｎｓ Ｔｈａｉｌａｎｄ Ｌｔｄ 累進屈折力レンズ
WO2016047712A1 (fr) * 2014-09-22 2016-03-31 ホヤ レンズ タイランド リミテッド Verre progressif, procédé de conception et procédé de production dudit verre progressif
JP6604959B2 (ja) * 2014-09-22 2019-11-13 ホヤ レンズ タイランド リミテッド 累進屈折力レンズ群
US10401649B2 (en) 2015-05-26 2019-09-03 Hoya Lens Thailand Ltd. Method of designing progressive refractive power lens, and lens set

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US8833938B2 (en) 2014-09-16
EP2428834B1 (fr) 2016-06-01
US20120062837A1 (en) 2012-03-15
CN102402022B (zh) 2015-06-24
JP5566823B2 (ja) 2014-08-06
CN102402022A (zh) 2012-04-04

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