EP2426793A1 - Système de balais de bague collectrice pour moteur synchrone à courant excité - Google Patents

Système de balais de bague collectrice pour moteur synchrone à courant excité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2426793A1
EP2426793A1 EP10174941A EP10174941A EP2426793A1 EP 2426793 A1 EP2426793 A1 EP 2426793A1 EP 10174941 A EP10174941 A EP 10174941A EP 10174941 A EP10174941 A EP 10174941A EP 2426793 A1 EP2426793 A1 EP 2426793A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slip ring
integrated
rotor
brushes
slip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10174941A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Holzner
Arno Mathoy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brusa Elektronik AG
Original Assignee
Brusa Elektronik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brusa Elektronik AG filed Critical Brusa Elektronik AG
Priority to EP10174941A priority Critical patent/EP2426793A1/fr
Priority to PCT/IB2011/053674 priority patent/WO2012028992A1/fr
Publication of EP2426793A1 publication Critical patent/EP2426793A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/10—Manufacture of slip-rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/08—Slip-rings
    • H01R39/10—Slip-rings other than with external cylindrical contact surface, e.g. flat slip-rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/14—Fastenings of commutators or slip-rings to shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/383—Brush holders characterised by the electrical connection to the brush holder

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a slip ring brush system, which is preferably suitable for the transmission of exciting current to the rotor of a current-excited synchronous motor for main drives of electric vehicles.
  • One known way of reducing electrical loss uses brushes made of graphite and a conductive metal, particularly copper.
  • carbon brushes are arranged radially on the shaft.
  • a disadvantage of the above slip ring brush system with radial brushes is that on the one hand it requires a large installation space in the machine housing for the use of brushes and slip ring, on the other hand, the change or repair of the brushes are too cumbersome and labor intensive.
  • this hardly plays a role in a starter motor, since its duty cycle is low and therefore usually corresponds to the life without brush replacement the life of the motor vehicle. The size in turn is accepted because the starter motor is relatively small in comparison to the rest of the engine.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved slip ring brush system for transmitting electrical excitation current to a rotor of rotary electric machines, such as electric motors, in particular electrically excited synchronous motors for electric vehicles, through which reduces the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, or can be eliminated.
  • special needs of the electromobility should be perceived optimized, without significantly increasing the cost of the brush system.
  • the invention has been based on the above-discussed known slip ring brush system for transmission of electrical signals or excitation current to a rotor of rotary electric machines, in particular current-excited synchronous motors, which is provided with attached to the rotor slip rings, and with fixedly arranged brushes.
  • Each of the brushes is in each case one of the slip rings in a current-transmitting friction connection.
  • the slip rings are combined together with at least one printed circuit board and at least one insulating sheath to form an integrated slip ring unit.
  • the slip rings are coaxial and spaced apart from each other at a radial distance and cooperate with the electrical power transmission brushes.
  • the integrated slip ring unit is centered on the front side of the rotor and fixed in a torsionally rigid manner.
  • the brushes are oriented / arranged in the axial direction of the rotor.
  • this system can equally be used to transmit signal currents (e.g., to evaluate a temperature sensor on the rotor, it is not limited to excitation current transmission but is generally applicable to signal transmission between the rotor and non-rotating parts of the motor.
  • the integrated and axially loaded slip ring unit is frontally on the rotor by one, the winding heads of the rotor against axial and radial loads supporting Attached support ring.
  • the integrated slip ring unit is preferably designed annular disc-shaped.
  • the insulating sheathing of the integrated slip ring unit is designed as a plastic extrusion coating.
  • the axial brushes are combined in an insulating housing to form an integrated brush unit.
  • the integrated brush unit as a whole can be easily and quickly replaced.
  • the integrated brush unit is provided with an electrical plug connection, which preferably dissolves alone by removing the brush unit and connects by attaching the brush unit.
  • the brushes of the integrated brush unit are made of electrographite "E43", and the slip rings of the integrated slip ring unit made of CuSn10 (copper-tin) to limit the wear in the slip ring brush system according to the invention exclusively to the brush wear, the electrical contact resistance Minimize and keep the brush wear as low as possible.
  • the choice of brush material is closely linked to the choice of material for the slip ring. In this respect, if necessary, other combinations can be selected.
  • the compact, inventive slip ring brush system can preferably be installed in a relatively small installation space of a current-excited synchronous motor which is axially bounded by a support ring of the rotor and a bearing plate of the synchronous motor, and in the radial direction of the bearing plate and stator winding.
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial sectional view of a current-excited synchronous motor 1 in particular for main drives of electric vehicles, with a first embodiment of the slip ring brush system 2 according to the invention, which aims to reliably transmit an electrical excitation current to a rotor 4 of the current-excited synchronous motor 1.
  • the slip ring brush system 2 according to the invention can be used mutatis mutandis in all other fields of application of electrical rotary devices in which between them relatively rotating units electrical signals or electrical current - in particular excitation current - to be transmitted.
  • a protective device (so-called “restraint system”) provided to support both sides of the rotor 4 from a laminated core 6 in the axial direction projecting end windings 7 at higher speeds of the rotor 4 against the loads on both sides by means of a support ring 5.
  • the two support rings 5 are preferably connected by axial screws 9 with a predetermined bias; This creates a compact and rigid rotor package.
  • Fig. 1 is a stator lamination with 8, a stator winding with 10, a bearing plate with 11, a rotor shaft with 12 and a rotation axis of the rotor 4 denoted by 13.
  • Both the slip ring design and the brushes can be installed in the available space of the engine.
  • the DC connection from a rotor power converter / regulator to the electric motor and optionally some electronic components (not shown) for improved operation in the space are integrated. This is possible because the brushes are arranged on one side of the motor shaft.
  • the proposed slip ring brush system 2 in the second detailed embodiment from an integrated slip ring unit 14 and two, the slip ring unit 14 associated and axially positioned brush 15th
  • the brushes 15 according to the invention are preferably assembled as a completely replaceable integrated brush unit 16 (this will be described below in connection with FIG Figures 4-7 described in detail).
  • a variant in which the brushes can be exchanged individually by about - like conventional carbon brushes - can be removed from the brush housing individually.
  • the integrated and pluggable solution is preferred.
  • the details of the integrated slip ring unit 14 according to the invention are shown in FIG Figures 2A-2C and 8th illustrated.
  • the preferred embodiment of the slip ring unit 14 consists of a printed circuit board 17 as a starting material (illustrated individually in FIG Fig. 2A ), Slip rings 18 and 19 and an insulating sheath 20, preferably as a plastic sheath.
  • Fig. 2B are the circuit board 17 with the associated two slip rings 18 and 19, and in Fig. 2C the complete integrated slip ring unit 14, together with the circuit board 17, the two slip rings 18-19 and the enclosure 20 (see. 2b to see).
  • the integrated slip ring unit 14 is formed here ring-disc-shaped.
  • coaxial annular grooves 21 and 22 are provided in the enclosure 20 to make the two slip rings 18 and 19 of the integrated slip ring assembly 14 accessible to the brushes.
  • the axially disposed brushes (not shown) cooperate with the abrasive surfaces of the slip rings 18 and 19 by a spring-loaded sliding frictional engagement.
  • the slip ring unit 14 is provided along its circumference with recesses 23 ( Fig. 3 ), are passed through which screws, not shown, on the one hand to attach the slip ring unit 14 frontally on the support ring 5 of the rotor core coaxially ( Fig. 1 On the other hand, to connect the circuit board 17 with the windings in a suitable manner.
  • the integrated slip ring unit 14 is thus according to the invention reliable, rigid and co-rotatably mounted on the front side of the rotor 4 to a trouble-free Friction contact with the axial brushes 15 at any time to produce or maintain.
  • This integrated slip ring unit 14 is the embodiment after Fig. 1 mounted directly on the support ring 5, which is supported by feet (not shown in detail) directly to the rotor core 6 sheet.
  • the slip rings 18 and 19 are the integrated slip ring unit 14 and an end face of the support ring 5 of the rotor core substantially in a common vertical plane, which is arranged perpendicular to the rotation axis 13.
  • a relatively small installation space for the integrated slip ring unit 14 is available, which is bounded axially to the left of the rotor core 6, axially to the right of the integrated brush unit 16 and the end plate 11, and in the radial direction by the end plate 11 and the stator winding 10.
  • a basis for implementing the above three functions according to the invention forms the printed circuit board 17 of the integrated slip ring unit 14 (FIG. Fig. 2A ) into which the copper wire ends (not shown) can be soldered and connected together by a corresponding layout.
  • This circuit board 17 is then equipped with two copper rings, ie the slip rings 18 and 19 ( Fig. 2B ) and thus electrically connected in a corresponding manner.
  • This means that contacts or printed conductors (not shown) of the printed circuit board 17 are connected in the correct polarity on the one hand to rotor windings 7 and on the other hand to the slip rings 18 and 19.
  • the integrated slip ring unit 14 is formed as an annular unit. Between the coaxial and arranged with a radial distance A slip rings 18 and 19, the integrated Slip ring unit 14 with an additional insulating partition 30 (see also Fig. 8 ).
  • An insulation system designed in this way actually has at least two effects: First, it allows for improved insulation through extended spark gaps or creepage distances, and secondly, brushing in the groove causes any carbon dust deposits to "loosen up” and then from the slip ring due to centrifugal forces away. As a result, a long-term stability of the insulating body is made possible.
  • slip rings can already be integrated with the circuit board formed by the slip rings themselves form the tracks of the circuit board.
  • printed circuit board and slip rings are integrally molded with electrically insulating plastic, which additionally increases the spark gap or creepage distance and improves the rigidity of the slip ring unit 14.
  • the plastic partition wall 30 between the slip rings 18 and 19 are designed so high that they with a corresponding groove (suggestively in Fig. 6 visible) of the brush unit 16 cooperates and thus a complete shielding of the two brushes 15 against each other in contact with the slip rings 18 and 19 causes.
  • the brush body have a corresponding projection which runs without friction with an annular groove in the insulating partition wall 30 between the slip rings 18 and 19.
  • an additional penetration-preventing material may be poured into the isolation partition 30.
  • the principle of operation of the axial brushes 15 and the slip rings 18 and 19 is based on minimizing the wear due to high sliding properties, and possibly by selecting a skillful combination of materials to limit the abrasion on the brush 15, since the brushes, in contrast to the slip ring unit, are simply designed interchangeable and thus deliberately “sacrificed" as a wear component.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 an axial arrangement of the brushes 15 is proposed ( FIGS. 1 and 3 ).
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 An axial arrangement of the brushes 15 is proposed ( FIGS. 1 and 3 ).
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 An axial arrangement of the brushes 15 is proposed ( FIGS. 1 and 3 ).
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 An axial arrangement of the brushes 15 is proposed ( FIGS. 1 and 3 ).
  • FIG. 3 Each of the two mutually parallel, axial and stationary brushes 15 - held by each one of the grooves 21 and 22 through - with one of the slip rings 18 and 19 of the rotating integrated slip ring unit 14 frictionally in frictional contact.
  • coal dust from the integrated slip ring unit 14 is always thrown away radially by the high number of revolutions.
  • the carbon brushes are currently available in very different designs.
  • the brush is already pre-dimensioned with tension spring and (paper) insulation (not marked) and is available in a cylindrical design. It is necessary to properly position the individual brushes on the slip ring in the axial direction (tangential to the slip ring) and to perform their electrical connection to a field voltage source as simply as possible. On the other hand, it may be necessary after a long operation to make a brush change due to wear.
  • FIGs 4-7 is a preferred embodiment of the integrated brush unit 16 according to the invention.
  • This integrated brush unit 16 is designed as a replaceable unit. It consists of an insulating housing 24, preferably made of plastic, which is equipped with two brushes 15, for example carbon brushes.
  • the housing 24 ( Fig. 4 ) is provided with a removable cover 25 which is fixed to the housing 24 - after inserting or changing at least one of the two brushes 15 - by screws 26.
  • the integrated brush unit 16 is provided with further screws 27 which serve for fastening the brush unit 16 in its axially adjusted or oriented position for the slip ring unit 14, eg in a recess (not shown) of the end shield 11.
  • the integrated brush unit 16 can therefore be easily and quickly replaced as a whole when the brushes 15 are ground.
  • a plug-in connection is provided, by means of which the integrated brush unit 16 can be electrically connected to the exciting current supply.
  • two plug contacts 31 are provided on the one hand on the housing 24, on the other hand to a contacting element 32 to this connector.
  • the housing 31 can be easily removed from the contacting element 32 to release the plug contacts 31.
  • the brushes 15 are optionally also used from precious metals (and their alloys) only with increased demands on the contact quality. However, high temperatures and increased mechanical loads in terms of brush speed are to be expected, such as for electric motors for main drives of electric vehicles, then Carbon materials (eg hard coal, carbon graphite, specialty graphite, electrographite, metal graphite, etc.) are used.
  • the selection of brush material is closely related to the choice of material for slip ring 18-19.
  • the carbon of the brush 15 diffuses - in a pair of copper graphite - in the oxidized surface of the copper slip ring and acts there both hardening and lubricating, which is also to be considered.
  • slip rings 18-19 materials are available for the slip rings 18-19, e.g. a slip ring of Cu or Cu alloys, CuZn, CuSn, Ag or Ag alloys, Au or Au alloys, steel, or a coating of Ni or Co, or of galvanized Au layer.
  • a second but also important dimensioning criterion is the temperature. Due to the mechanical friction between the brush and the slip ring and the electrical power loss due to the resistance in the brush, increased temperatures occur directly at the brush. The effects of temperature on wear behavior are very complex. It can be stated that a temperature range of 60-90 ° C is a preferred range according to our experiments. This ensures a suitable formation of the oxide layer, which in turn is indispensable for a low brush wear.
  • Fig. 1 are a connection box 28 for electrical safety components and external power supply, as well as an electrical connection element 29 between the brush unit 16 and the junction box 28 shown only schematically with dashed lines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
EP10174941A 2010-09-01 2010-09-01 Système de balais de bague collectrice pour moteur synchrone à courant excité Withdrawn EP2426793A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10174941A EP2426793A1 (fr) 2010-09-01 2010-09-01 Système de balais de bague collectrice pour moteur synchrone à courant excité
PCT/IB2011/053674 WO2012028992A1 (fr) 2010-09-01 2011-08-22 Système à brosses-bagues collectrices pour machines tournantes électriques, en particulier moteurs synchrones alimentés en courant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10174941A EP2426793A1 (fr) 2010-09-01 2010-09-01 Système de balais de bague collectrice pour moteur synchrone à courant excité

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2426793A1 true EP2426793A1 (fr) 2012-03-07

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EP10174941A Withdrawn EP2426793A1 (fr) 2010-09-01 2010-09-01 Système de balais de bague collectrice pour moteur synchrone à courant excité

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2426793A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012028992A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014079743A1 (fr) * 2012-11-23 2014-05-30 GAT Gesellschaft für Antriebstechnik mbH Électrode annulaire pour bague collectrice, bague collectrice correspondante et procédé de fabrication d'une électrode annulaire
DE102013217306A1 (de) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Maschine mit abgestützter Anschlusseinrichtung
DE102016200766A1 (de) * 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Maschine
DE102020109075A1 (de) 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Rotierende elektrische Maschine
WO2023049001A1 (fr) 2021-09-23 2023-03-30 Caterpillar Inc. Alternateur et bague collectrice associée à un alternateur

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2696449B1 (fr) 2012-08-06 2015-02-25 Schleifring und Apparatebau GmbH Bague collectrice à unité de chauffage intégrée
CN103022846A (zh) * 2012-12-19 2013-04-03 华南理工大学 一种同心圆环式集电器
EP2924817B1 (fr) 2014-03-27 2018-08-29 Schleifring GmbH Bague collectrice avec refroidissement actif
CN108768092A (zh) * 2018-07-05 2018-11-06 沧州华海风电设备科技技术开发有限公司 一种提刷装置电机总成
CN109638588B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2024-01-30 威海威高齐全医疗设备有限公司 一种可插拔式滑环

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1187312B (de) * 1961-02-14 1965-02-18 Lloyd Dynamowerke G M B H Anordnung eines Planschleifringkoerpers in dem Lagerschild einer elektrischen Maschine mit einem rotierenden Staender
US3314038A (en) * 1964-03-24 1967-04-11 Donald E Rutten Collector ring construction
EP0077076A2 (fr) * 1981-10-14 1983-04-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Générateur à courant alternatif accouplé directement à un moteur à combustion interne
EP0695662A1 (fr) * 1994-08-04 1996-02-07 Chen-Chi Yang Dispositif d'actionnement pour roue à moteur et procédé de fabrication correspondant
US6806603B1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-10-19 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Flat type vibration motor
DE102008059994A1 (de) 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Denso Corp., Kariya-shi Bürste für eine elektrische Drehmaschine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1187312B (de) * 1961-02-14 1965-02-18 Lloyd Dynamowerke G M B H Anordnung eines Planschleifringkoerpers in dem Lagerschild einer elektrischen Maschine mit einem rotierenden Staender
US3314038A (en) * 1964-03-24 1967-04-11 Donald E Rutten Collector ring construction
EP0077076A2 (fr) * 1981-10-14 1983-04-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Générateur à courant alternatif accouplé directement à un moteur à combustion interne
EP0695662A1 (fr) * 1994-08-04 1996-02-07 Chen-Chi Yang Dispositif d'actionnement pour roue à moteur et procédé de fabrication correspondant
US6806603B1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-10-19 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Flat type vibration motor
DE102008059994A1 (de) 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Denso Corp., Kariya-shi Bürste für eine elektrische Drehmaschine

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014079743A1 (fr) * 2012-11-23 2014-05-30 GAT Gesellschaft für Antriebstechnik mbH Électrode annulaire pour bague collectrice, bague collectrice correspondante et procédé de fabrication d'une électrode annulaire
CN104823340A (zh) * 2012-11-23 2015-08-05 Gat传动技术有限公司 用于滑动环的环形电极、相应的滑动环及用于生产环形电极的方法
CN104823340B (zh) * 2012-11-23 2017-09-29 Gat传动技术有限公司 用于滑动环的环形电极、相应的滑动环及用于生产环形电极的方法
DE102013217306A1 (de) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Maschine mit abgestützter Anschlusseinrichtung
DE102013217306B4 (de) 2013-08-30 2019-10-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Maschine mit abgestützter Anschlusseinrichtung
DE102016200766A1 (de) * 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Maschine
US10680499B2 (en) 2016-01-21 2020-06-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Electrical machine
DE102020109075A1 (de) 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Rotierende elektrische Maschine
WO2023049001A1 (fr) 2021-09-23 2023-03-30 Caterpillar Inc. Alternateur et bague collectrice associée à un alternateur

Also Published As

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