EP2425262B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fernerfassung und -feststellung von atmosphärischen abweichungen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fernerfassung und -feststellung von atmosphärischen abweichungen Download PDF

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EP2425262B1
EP2425262B1 EP10702295.6A EP10702295A EP2425262B1 EP 2425262 B1 EP2425262 B1 EP 2425262B1 EP 10702295 A EP10702295 A EP 10702295A EP 2425262 B1 EP2425262 B1 EP 2425262B1
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probe
relative speed
remote
deviations
anemometry
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EP2425262A1 (de
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Jacques Mandle
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W2001/003—Clear air turbulence detection or forecasting, e.g. for aircrafts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and a method for detecting and determining atmospheric anomalies at a distance, and to an aircraft carrying such a system on board.
  • Turbulence results in abrupt local variations in wind speed and direction, which cause disordered and uncontrolled aircraft movements.
  • the movements of air with respect to the ground, or, in other words, with respect to the terrestrial reference, which is also called the wind are not homogeneous.
  • the spatial heterogeneities of wind create increments of incidence or skidding generating movements of the aircraft.
  • Avoidance by the aircraft of a risk zone requires identification and location of a turbulence zone with sufficient notice to re-plan the flight path of the aircraft, with the agreement of the air traffic control, ie typically 5 minutes at least.
  • the vertical direction wind components have an influence on the incidence, therefore on the lift of the aircraft, and the lateral direction components have a yaw influence on the aircraft by the skid evolutions on the vertical empennage.
  • the detection of these wind heterogeneities can either prepare the aircraft to cope with these difficulties by taking rapid measurements, or to trigger a maneuver to avoid the danger zone.
  • An object of the invention is to propose a system for detecting and characterizing atmospheric anomalies at a distance, with improved reliability and reduced cost.
  • a system for detecting and determining atmospheric anomalies at a distance provided with a moving beam anemometry probe for measuring the orthogonal projection on the line of sight, named radial component, a relative speed relative to a remote air mass, for example, by Doppler shift.
  • the system further comprises means for determining remote wind heterogeneities, from at least two successive measurements, at the same remote point, of the radial component of the relative speed of the system relative to the mass. remote air, by said anemometry probe, the line of sight of said anemometry probe comprising said remote point during said successive measurements.
  • Such a system makes it possible, in a simple and low-cost way, to detect heterogeneities of wind at a distance, in order to be able to react in advance.
  • the system comprises means for measuring a local relative speed with respect to a local air mass
  • the means for determining remote wind heterogeneities comprise means for estimating a local air mass.
  • representative vector of atmospheric anomalies equal to the vector sum of said local relative velocity and an aerological disturbance.
  • the system further comprises alarm means, means for comparing the values of said representative parameter of atmospheric anomalies and of said local relative speed, and means for activating the alarm means. when said values of said representative parameter of atmospheric anomalies and said local relative speed are different.
  • an alarm can be triggered to warn the user, in particular the pilot of an aircraft when the system is embarked on board.
  • the duration separating the two successive radial measurements is less than 2 seconds.
  • said anemometry probe is an electromagnetic wave probe.
  • Such a probe is often present on aircraft, and can be used by the present system, so as to limit the cost of the system.
  • said anemometry probe is a laser optical probe.
  • LIDAR laser-wave anemometry probe
  • said anemometry probe is provided with a steerable platform or a movable mirror adapted to modify the line of sight and make the beam movable.
  • an anemometry probe is obtained whose line of sight passes through the measurement point during successive measurements.
  • said local relative velocity measuring means comprises a pitot probe, a static pressure tap, and an air temperature probe, located on the outer surface of the aircraft.
  • the invention also relates to an aircraft comprising an onboard system according to one of the preceding claims.
  • a method for detecting and determining atmospheric anomalies at a distance in which remote wind heterogeneities are determined from at least two successive measurements, in one same distant point, of the radial component of the relative speed of the system relative to the distant air mass, by an anemometry probe, the line of sight of said anemometry probe comprising said remote point during said successive measurements.
  • system for detecting and determining remote atmospheric anomalies is described as being onboard an aircraft, but this is an example in no way. limiting.
  • a system for detecting and determining atmospheric anomalies at a distance is mounted on board an aircraft on the figure 1 .
  • the SYST system comprises a DET determination module for remote wind heterogeneities, starting from at least two successive measurements V r 1 , V r 2 , at the same remote point P, of the radial component of the relative speed of the wind. system with respect to the remote air mass, by said anemometry sensor SA.
  • the line of sight AV 1 , AV 2 of the anemometry probe SA comprises, or passes through, said remote point P during successive measurements of the radial components V r 1 , V r 2 .
  • the anemometry probe SA may be provided with an orientable platform or a movable mirror to modify the line of sight and make the beam moving.
  • the beam of the probe SA can be mobile in site and in azimuth.
  • the system SYST is provided with a measurement module MES local relative velocity V with respect to a local air mass.
  • the DET determination module for remote wind heterogeneities comprises an estimation module EST of a vector V * representative of atmospheric anomalies, equal to the vector sum of said local relative velocity V a and an aerological disturbance PA. .
  • the SYST system also comprises an alarm module AL, such as a sound or visual element, a comparison module COMP of the values of the parameter V * representative of atmospheric anomalies and of the local relative speed V a , as well as a module of ACT activation of the alarm means AL when said values of the parameter V * representative of atmospheric anomalies and the local relative speed V a are different.
  • an alarm module AL such as a sound or visual element
  • COMP comparison module COMP of the values of the parameter V * representative of atmospheric anomalies and of the local relative speed V a
  • ACT activation of the alarm means AL when said values of the parameter V * representative of atmospheric anomalies and the local relative speed V a are different.
  • the pilot or the command center can be warned in advance of the presence of a risk zone.
  • V * is in fact the vectorial sum of the aerological disturbance or the wind disturbance to be identified, which is likely to generate unforeseen movements of the aircraft in case of encounter of this disturbance, and the local speed of the V plane has compared to the air. If V * is equal to V a , this means that the anomaly is zero, and that there is no turbulence detected.
  • a first measurement is made at a first distance A 1 at a point P situated at a distance X from this estimated trajectory.
  • This measurement point P is viewed at an angle ⁇ 1 .
  • the anemometry probe SA performs the first measurement of the radial component V r 1 of the relative speed of the SYST system, or of the aircraft AF on which the latter is embarked, with respect to the mass of remote air along the line of sight AV 1 of the anemometry probe SA.
  • the radial component is the projection of V * on the line of sight AV 1 .
  • the anemometry sensor SA performs the second measurement of the radial component V r 2 of the relative speed of the SYST system, or of the AF aircraft on which the latter is embarked, with respect to the mass of distant air the line of sight AV 2 of the anemometer probe SA.
  • the radial component is the projection of V * on the line of sight AV 2 .
  • the angle between the vector V * and the plane perpendicular to the estimated trajectory is denoted by ⁇ .
  • the estimated trajectory of the SYST system or of the AF aircraft carrying the SYST system is the straight line prolonging the vector of the local relative speed V a relative to the air of the aircraft AF.
  • a typical aircraft flight modeling relationship is used: the attitude of the aircraft or aircraft AF is equal to the sum of the slope of the flight path and the incidence of the aircraft. The attitude is provided by a base calculation unit or an inertial unit of the aircraft, as well as the slope of the trajectory, and the incidence is provided by a central air.
  • the aircraft AF equipped with the SYST system for detecting remote atmospheric anomalies is represented in two successive positions referenced 1 and 2.
  • the distance separating these two successive positions 1 and 2 is obviously proportional to the local relative speed V a of 1 AF aircraft with respect to the air, V a and at the time interval dt.
  • the local relative speed V a of the aircraft AF is assumed relative to the constant air over the time interval dt.
  • the time interval dt is preferably less than two seconds.
  • the activation module ACT can activate the alarm module AL to warn of danger, in particular if this zone is not punctual, that is, if the same behavior is detected on points close to the point P.
  • anemometry probe SA of the optical laser probe type which has the advantage of functioning perfectly in clear or perfectly pure air, and avoids the influence of parasite echoes near the ground.
  • the anemometry probe SA may be an electromagnetic wave probe.
  • the present invention makes it possible, at reduced cost and with improved reliability, to detect atmospheric anomalies at a distance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. System (SYST) zum Ferndetektieren und -ermitteln von atmosphärischen Abweichungen, das mit einer Anemometersonde (SA) mit einem beweglichen Strahl zum Messen der orthogonalen Projektion auf der Sichtachse (AV1, AV2) versehen ist, radiale Komponente genannt, einer fernen relativen Geschwindigkeit in Bezug auf eine ferne Luftmasse durch Doppler-Frequenzverschiebung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Mittel (DET) zum Fernermitteln von Windheterogenitäten auf der Basis von wenigstens zwei aufeinander folgenden Messungen (V r1 , V r2 ), an einem selben fernen Punkt (P), der radialen Komponente der relativen Geschwindigkeit des Systems in Bezug auf die ferne Luftmasse mittels der Anemometriesonde (SA) umfasst, wobei die Sichtlinie (AV1, AV2) der Anemometersonde (SA) den fernen Punkt (P) während der aufeinander folgenden Messungen umfasst.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Mittel (MES) zum Messen einer lokalen relativen Geschwindigkeit (Va) in Bezug auf eine lokale Luftmasse umfasst, wobei das Mittel (DET) zum Fernermitteln von Windheterogenitäten Mittel (EST) zum Schätzen eines Vektors (V*) umfasst, der atmosphärische Abweichungen repräsentiert, die gleich der Vektorsumme der lokalen relativen Geschwindigkeit (Va) und einer aerologischen Störung (PA) ist.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Mittel (EST) zum Schätzen des atmosphärische Abweichungen repräsentierenden Vektors (V*) so ausgelegt sind, dass sie die folgenden Gleichungen mit zwei Variablen (V*, ϕ) lösen: { V r ⁢ 1 = V * ⋅ sin ϕ - θ 1 V r ⁢ 2 = V * ⋅ sin ϕ - θ 2
    Figure imgb0006
    wobei:
    V r1 , V r2 die beiden aufeinander folgenden Messungen, an einem selben fernen Punkt, der radialen Komponente (V r1 , V r2 ) der relativen Geschwindigkeit des Systems in Bezug auf die ferne Luftmasse repräsentieren;
    θ 1, θ 2 die jeweiligen Winkel zwischen der Bewegungsrichtung des Systems und der Sichtachse der Anemometersonde während der beiden aufeinander folgenden Messungen (V r1 , V r2 ) repräsentieren;
    V* der atmosphärische Abweichungen repräsentierende Vektor ist; und
    ϕ den Winkel zwischen der Achse lotrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Systems repräsentiert, die durch den fernen Messpunkt geht, und wobei der Vektor V* atmosphärische Abweichungen repräsentiert.
  4. System nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, das ferner Alarmierungsmittel (AL), Mittel (COMP) zum Vergleichen der Werte des atmosphärische Abweichungen repräsentierenden Parameters (V*) und der lokalen relativen Geschwindigkeit (Va) sowie Mittel (ACT) zum Aktivieren der Alarmierungsmittel (AL) umfasst, wenn die Werte des atmosphärische Abweichungen repräsentierenden Parameters (V*) und der lokalen relativen Geschwindigkeit unterschiedlich sind.
  5. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Zeit zwischen den beiden aufeinander folgenden radialen Messungen (V r1 , V r2 ) geringer als zwei Sekunden ist.
  6. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Anemometersonde (SA) eine Elektromagnetische-Wellen-Sonde ist.
  7. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Anemometersonde (SA) eine Laserwellensonde ist.
  8. System nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Anemometersonde (SA) mit einer orientierbaren Plattform oder einem beweglichen Spiegel versehen ist, der so ausgelegt ist, dass er die Sichtlinie modifiziert und den Strahl beweglich macht.
  9. System nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, wobei das Mittel (MES) zum Messen einer lokalen relativen Geschwindigkeit (Va) ein Staurohr, eine Statischer-Druck-Abgriffstelle und eine Lufttemperatursonde umfasst, die sich auf der Außenfläche eines Luftfahrzeugs befindet.
  10. Luftfahrzeug (AF), das ein Bordsystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche umfasst.
  11. Verfahren zum Ferndetektieren und -ermitteln von atmosphärischen Abweichungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es das Fernermitteln von Windheterogenitäten auf der Basis von wenigstens zwei aufeinander folgenden Messungen, an einem selben fernen Punkt (P), der radialen Komponente (V r1 , V r2 ) der relativen Geschwindigkeit des Systems in Bezug auf die ferne Luftmasse mittels einer Anemometersonde (SA) beinhaltet, wobei die Sichtlinie (AV1, AV2) der Anemometersonde (SA) den fernen Punkt (P) während der aufeinander folgenden Messungen umfasst.
EP10702295.6A 2009-02-06 2010-02-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fernerfassung und -feststellung von atmosphärischen abweichungen Active EP2425262B1 (de)

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FR0900527A FR2942043B1 (fr) 2009-02-06 2009-02-06 Systeme et procede de detection et de determination d'anomalies atmospheriques a distance.
PCT/EP2010/051187 WO2010089278A1 (fr) 2009-02-06 2010-02-01 Systeme et procede de detection et de determination d'anomalies atmospheriques a distance

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CA2749812A1 (en) 2010-08-12
US8884808B2 (en) 2014-11-11
FR2942043B1 (fr) 2011-02-11
FR2942043A1 (fr) 2010-08-13
WO2010089278A1 (fr) 2010-08-12
EP2425262A1 (de) 2012-03-07
CN102308222A (zh) 2012-01-04
US20110291879A1 (en) 2011-12-01

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