EP2417665A1 - Système de batterie avec circuit de courant extérieur - Google Patents

Système de batterie avec circuit de courant extérieur

Info

Publication number
EP2417665A1
EP2417665A1 EP10706206A EP10706206A EP2417665A1 EP 2417665 A1 EP2417665 A1 EP 2417665A1 EP 10706206 A EP10706206 A EP 10706206A EP 10706206 A EP10706206 A EP 10706206A EP 2417665 A1 EP2417665 A1 EP 2417665A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
external circuit
battery system
circuit
short circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10706206A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jake Christensen
Volker Doege
Jens Grimminger
Niluefer Baba
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2417665A1 publication Critical patent/EP2417665A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Vehicles that include an electric machine for driving also require an energy storage, which usually has an output voltage of ⁇ 60 V DC or 25 V AC. With such high voltage sources special requirements for the protection of persons are required, so that appropriate protective measures are provided.
  • a short circuit within a battery can cause the battery or a battery cell to reach a critical state.
  • a battery or battery cell in critical condition there is an unusual increase in temperature and pressure. The result is often a so-called "burn through" of the battery or the battery cell, which can lead to the destruction and even explosion of the battery.
  • One known source of local short circuiting within a lithium ion battery is based on dendrite formation in the lithium ion secondary battery. When a dendrite has reached a certain size, the dendrite can penetrate and perforate the separator film. This perforation then leads to a short circuit inside the battery.
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce or overcome one or more disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a battery system that reduces or limits the consequences of a short circuit within the battery.
  • a battery system comprising: a) a battery having one or more cells; b) a measuring and control unit which determines the temperature and / or the voltage of individual, several or all battery cells continuously or periodically; c) an external circuit electrically connectable to the poles of the battery via one or more switches so that power can flow from one battery terminal to the other battery terminal via the external circuit; wherein the control unit controls the position of the switch or switches such that when exceeding a predetermined heat output and / or exceeding a predetermined voltage drop rate, the external circuit is conductively connected to the battery poles.
  • the solution according to the invention is characterized in that the consequences of an internal short circuit within a battery are reduced.
  • the battery system according to the invention has an external circuit, which is then conductively connected to the battery poles as soon as signs of an internal short circuit are detected. Once the external circuit has been coupled in, a current can flow from the battery via the external circuit. The conductive parts of the external circuit heat up. This removes energy from the short-circuited battery and is no longer available to cause further damage to the battery. The heat generated inevitably in the event of a short circuit is thus distributed from the short-circuit region to the entire battery cell or battery and the external circuit.
  • the solution according to the invention it also comes to a Reduction of the absolute discharge time of the battery cell or the battery. This results in an overall reduced maximum maximum temperature at the location of the short circuit.
  • the battery system according to the invention has one or more batteries, wherein a battery may each have one or more cells.
  • a battery can be understood to mean any energy store which stores energy by means of electrochemical processes. In particular, these are understood to mean energy stores which contain one or more accumulator and / or battery cells connected in series and possibly also in parallel.
  • Preferred electrochemical energy storage devices can be battery cells, in particular of the Pb lead battery type, NiCd nickel cadmium rechargeable battery, NiH.sub.2 nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, NiMH nickel metal hydride rechargeable battery, Li ion lithium ion rechargeable battery, LiPo lithium Polymer Battery, LiFe - Lithium Metal Battery, Li-Mn - Lithium Manganese Battery, LiFePO 4 - Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery, LiTi - Lithium Titanium Battery, RAM - Rechargeable Alkaline Manganese, Ni Fe - Nickel-Iron Battery, Na / NiCI - Sodium Nickel Chloride High Temperature Battery SCiB - Super Charge Ion Battery, Silver Zinc Battery, Silicone Battery, Vanadium Redox Battery and / or Zinc Bromine Battery ,
  • the energy store can have one or more cells.
  • the battery preferably has at least one lithium-ion cell.
  • the battery system according to the invention has at least one external circuit, which is electrically conductively connected to the poles of the battery via one or more switches, so that current can flow from one battery pole via the external circuit to the other battery pole.
  • the external circuit preferably has a material with good conductivity, preferably of> 10 6 S / m (at 25 ° C.), particularly preferably of> 10 * 10 6 S / m, very particularly preferably of> 50 * 10 6 S / m.
  • the material having particularly good conductivity may be, for example, copper or a material having a conductivity not inferior to that of copper.
  • the external circuit has one or more switches.
  • the switches are designed and positioned such that on the position of the switch Current flow from a first battery pole via the external circuit to a second battery pole can be made and / or controlled controllable and / or interrupted.
  • the switches are in a position which interrupts such a flow of current and are only closed when a corresponding signal is emitted by the measuring and control unit.
  • all rule and / or controllable switch types can be used, which can be used in electrical circuits.
  • the skilled person has no difficulty in selecting switch types and dimensions that can be used in combination with a selected battery.
  • a relay can be used as a switch.
  • the switches are preferably open and interrupt a flow of current through the external circuit.
  • the external circuit has substantially no further electrical consumers in addition to one or more switches and conductive connections.
  • the external circuit may preferably have a resistance Re which is lower than the resistance Rs of a standard short circuit for a battery of the same type and dimensions as the battery used in the battery system. This ensures that the current preferably flows through the external circuit and not via the location of the battery-internal short circuit.
  • the value of a standardized short circuit Rs can not be specified absolutely for all battery systems, but varies from battery type to battery type and depends on the size of the battery used for the same battery type. The person skilled in the art has no difficulty in determining the value of a standardized short circuit Rs for a particular battery of known type and dimensions. For this purpose, the expert can test batteries of the same type and the same dimensioning under different, standardized short-circuit conditions to the respective achievable Rs value.
  • the batteries of the same type and dimensions are tested under standardized conditions, the conditions being oriented to the respective expected operating conditions of the battery to be used.
  • the value of a standardized short circuit Rs can then be expressed, for example, as the arithmetic mean of all or selected measured Rs values.
  • the value of a standardized However, short circuit Rs may also correspond to or based on the lowest expected or measured resistance value of a battery short under the respectively permitted battery operating conditions.
  • the external circuit is isolated from the battery.
  • the external circuit of the battery can be thermally insulated, and / or fire-resistant separated.
  • Battery, measuring and control unit and / or external circuit may be arranged in a common housing, wherein the external circuit may comprise an insulation and / or a device for at least partial cooling of the external circuit.
  • the external circuit can be configured at least partially cooled.
  • the electrical circuit preferably has air cooling, liquid cooling and / or one or more latent heat accumulators.
  • the basic function of a latent heat storage is to absorb heat and release it when needed.
  • a latent heat storage is characterized in that a phase transition between a solid phase and a liquid phase with increasing heat input is not continuous.
  • the temperature of a latent heat storage in the solid state increases continuously with increasing heat input. From a certain threshold temperature T schm ei z the temperature of the latent heat storage remains constant despite further increase in heat input until complete melting of the medium in the latent heat storage, and only then increases again.
  • Suitable latent heat storage are known in the art. In particular, latent heat storage can be used which contain paraffin or similar compounds.
  • the battery system has at least one measuring and control unit, which is designed such that the temperature and / or the voltage of individual, several or all battery cells can be determined continuously or periodically. Suitable temperature and / or voltage measuring devices are known to the person skilled in the art. In this case, the measuring function and the control function can be realized in two separate devices present or summarized to form a common unit.
  • the control unit is configured and positioned in the battery system so that it can control the position of the switch or switches. Upon exceeding a predetermined heat output and / or exceeding a predetermined voltage decay rate, the control unit controls the position of the switch such that the external circuit is conductively connected to the battery poles and current flow is established from a first battery terminal via the external circuit towards a second battery pole.
  • Absolute values for the predetermined heat output and / or voltage reduction rate can not be binding for all battery systems according to the invention and depend on the selected battery type, the selected battery dimensioning and / or possibly on the operating state.
  • the person skilled in the art has no difficulty in setting appropriate values for the heat output and / or voltage reduction rate for a selected battery.
  • values are selected for the predetermined heat output and / or voltage reduction rate that occur in the event of a short circuit, but not during normal operation or charging of the battery used.
  • the value (s) can be set in such a way that, if one or both values are exceeded with a significant probability, there is an internal short circuit in the battery or a battery cell.
  • the values are selected such that the probability is greater than 80%, more preferably greater than 95%, most preferably greater than 99%.
  • the present invention also includes an electrical load containing a battery system according to the invention. It is not important that consumer and battery system form a structural unit, but that consumers and battery system according to the invention are so functionally in contact that the battery system can provide the consumer with electrical energy.
  • the consumer may be a motor vehicle.
  • the term "motor vehicle” is to be understood as meaning all driven vehicles which have a battery for supplying energy to at least one component of the motor vehicle, regardless of which drive these motor vehicles have. hybrid vehicles), PHEV (plug-in hybrid vehicles), EV (electric vehicles), fuel cell vehicles, as well as all vehicles that use a battery for at least partial supply of electrical energy.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a battery system according to the invention.
  • heat_internal sum of the heat output at the location of the short circuit and heat output of the entire battery cell
  • heat_short heat output at the location of the short circuit
  • heat_gen heat output of the whole battery cell
  • heat_external heat output of the external circuit
  • heat_trans_internal heat transfer from the battery cell to the location of the short circuit
  • heat_trans_surround Heat transfer from the environment to the battery cell.
  • Fig. 3 shows the heat output (W) of a battery system without external circuit at a diameter of the short circuit of 4.62 microns (designation as in Fig. 2).
  • Fig. 4 shows the temperature ( 0 C) and the voltage (V) over time in the battery cell and at the location of the short circuit with a diameter of the short circuit of 4.62 microns.
  • Cell temp, i 0: temperature of the battery cell without external circuit
  • Short temp, i 0: temperature at the location of the short circuit without external circuit
  • Voltage, i 0: Voltage during short-circuit without external NEN circuit
  • Fig. 5 shows the electrochemical energy (Wh) released at one at a short circuit diameter of 4.62 ⁇ m.
  • I 0: total electrochemical energy without external circuit;
  • the battery system 1 has a battery 2 with two poles, one plus and one minus.
  • the poles of the battery 2 are connected via a switch 4 to an external circuit 3.
  • the external circuit 3 has a resistance Re.
  • the switch 4 is open, so that a current flow between the battery 2 and the external circuit 3 is interrupted.
  • the battery system 1 has a measuring and control unit 5, which measures the temperature and the voltage of the battery 2 over time. If an internal short circuit 6 with a resistance Rs occurs in the battery 2, the temperature in the battery 2 suddenly rises and the voltage across the battery 2 suddenly decreases.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 Parameters for the calculation of the simulation The results of the simulation are summarized in FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • the released heat output is shown for an external circuit model (Fig. 2) and without an external circuit (Fig. 3).
  • the connection of an external circuit leads to a reduction in the heat output released at the location of the short circuit. As shown in FIG. 4, this also leads to a reduced maximum temperature peak at the location of the short circuit.
  • the released heat output of the whole battery cell increases through the external circuit, but is now distributed over the entire battery cell and less concentrated at the location of the short circuit.
  • the connection of an external circuit also significantly reduces the absolute discharge time of the battery cell. That is, the absolute amount of energy released in the battery cell is reduced (see FIG.
  • FIG. 5 internal only curve), which in turn leads to a reduced temperature rise at the location of the short circuit.
  • FIG. 5 also shows that the absolute energy evolution curve for a cell having an external circuit has a steeper slope. Since the absolute energy of the two cells is constant and equal, the absolute discharge time is significantly reduced for a battery cell with an external circuit.
  • connection of an external circuit leads to a reduction of the absolute discharge time and to a reduction in the absolute temperature peak at the location of the short circuit.
  • the heat is distributed from a local location of the short circuit now to the entire cell and the external circuit. The risk of further damage or endangerment of the system and the environment by the short circuit is thus reduced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de batterie, comprenant : a) une batterie comportant un ou plusieurs éléments; b) une unité de mesure et de commande qui détermine en continu ou de manière périodique la température et/ou la tension des éléments de batterie individuels, de plusieurs ou de la totalité d'entre elles; c) un circuit de courant extérieur qui peut être connecté de manière électriquement conductrice aux pôles de la batterie par le biais d'un ou de plusieurs commutateurs, de sorte que du courant puisse s'écouler d'un pôle de la batterie par le biais du circuit de courant extérieur jusqu'à l'autre pôle de la batterie; l'unité de commande commandant la position du ou des commutateurs de telle sorte qu'en cas de dépassement d'une puissance thermique prédéfinie, et/ou en cas de dépassement d'un taux de chute de tension prédéfini, le circuit de courant extérieur soit connecté aux pôles de la batterie de manière conductrice.
EP10706206A 2009-04-07 2010-02-25 Système de batterie avec circuit de courant extérieur Withdrawn EP2417665A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910002253 DE102009002253A1 (de) 2009-04-07 2009-04-07 Batteriesystem mit externem Stromkreis
PCT/EP2010/052364 WO2010115658A1 (fr) 2009-04-07 2010-02-25 Système de batterie avec circuit de courant extérieur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2417665A1 true EP2417665A1 (fr) 2012-02-15

Family

ID=42154287

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10706206A Withdrawn EP2417665A1 (fr) 2009-04-07 2010-02-25 Système de batterie avec circuit de courant extérieur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2417665A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009002253A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010115658A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013107614A1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Li-Tec Battery Gmbh Batterie dotée d'au moins deux convertisseurs d'énergie électrochimiques et procédé pour faire fonctionner ladite batterie
DE102012000872A1 (de) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-18 Li-Tec Battery Gmbh Elektrochemische Energiespeichereinrichtung, Batterie mit zumindest zwei dieser elektrochemischen Energiespeichereinrichtungen, sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser elektrochemischen Energiespeichereinrichtung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3877996A (en) * 1973-05-09 1975-04-15 Us Navy Battery hot short control method and means
JPH11191436A (ja) * 1997-12-26 1999-07-13 Hitachi Ltd 蓄電保護器
US6531847B1 (en) * 2001-11-07 2003-03-11 Quallion Llc Safety method, device and system for an energy storage device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2010115658A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009002253A1 (de) 2010-10-14
WO2010115658A1 (fr) 2010-10-14

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