EP2417613A1 - On-load tap changer comprising semiconductor switching elements - Google Patents

On-load tap changer comprising semiconductor switching elements

Info

Publication number
EP2417613A1
EP2417613A1 EP10704323A EP10704323A EP2417613A1 EP 2417613 A1 EP2417613 A1 EP 2417613A1 EP 10704323 A EP10704323 A EP 10704323A EP 10704323 A EP10704323 A EP 10704323A EP 2417613 A1 EP2417613 A1 EP 2417613A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tap changer
fixed
contact
contacts
ableitkontaktstücke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10704323A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2417613B1 (en
Inventor
Oliver Brueckl
Dieter Dohnal
Hans-Henning Lessmann-Mieske
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP2417613A1 publication Critical patent/EP2417613A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2417613B1 publication Critical patent/EP2417613B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005Tap change devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • G05F1/16Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • G05F1/20Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548Electromechanical and static switch connected in series

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tap changer with semiconductor switching elements for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a tapped transformer.
  • the invention is based on a tap changer according to the principle of a load selector.
  • Tap changers are known in various embodiments; they are basically differentiated in load selectors and devices with separate selector for powerless selection of the new winding tap to be switched to and separate diverter switch for subsequent actual switching.
  • the publication "Axel Kramer: On-Load Tap-Changers for Power Transformers", MR Publication 2000 provides a good overview of the different types of construction. On page 7f the special features are explained.
  • all tap changers have a common load dissipation, which, regardless of the current position of the tap changer, establishes a connection to the transformer, usually the main winding.
  • this load dissipation is designed as an electrically conductive diverter ring, which comprises a switching column concentric.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate these disadvantages and to provide a tap changer with semiconductor switching elements, which avoids the high load of these switching elements and ensures a galvanic separation of the tap changer of the transformer winding in steady state operation.
  • the particular advantage of the solution according to the invention is that in stationary operation, all connection lines of the power electronic components are galvanically isolated from the transformer winding.
  • the power electronic components are thus reliably separated from the lightning impulse voltage as well as the permanent load with the operating voltage. Only during the switching phase, ie the actual load switching, is there a galvanic connection with the transformer winding.
  • Figure 1 shows a tap changer according to the invention in a schematic representation
  • Figure 2 shows another embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a tap changer according to the invention in different wiring on
  • a tap changer which has a power electronic diverter switch 1.
  • the diverter switch 1 thus consists of two paths: one for the disconnecting side, one for the acquiring side, realized in each case by a semiconductor switch 2 or 3.
  • the electrical inputs 4, 5 and the electrical output 6 are by means of feedthroughs 7 in a mechanical Contact system 8 led.
  • the mechanical contact system 8 has a contact carriage 9, which is indicated in the figure only by a dashed line.
  • the contact carriage 9 has contact bridges 10, 11, 12, 13 which are fixedly arranged on it.
  • the contact bridges 10 ...
  • Each of the step contacts 15 illustrated in FIG. 1 corresponds to a winding tap n, n + 1,... Of the control winding of the step transformer.
  • three contact rails 16, 17, 18 are provided in the mechanical contact system, which are each electrically conductive and of which in each case one is electrically connected to the electrical input 4 or the electrical input 5 or the electrical output 6 of the semiconductor switches 2, 3 ,
  • the load dissipation is divided, d. H. there is no known from the prior art continuous discharge or the like provided.
  • individual Ableitromee 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5 are arranged, which, seen in the direction of movement of the contact carriage 9, in their extension correspond to the fixed stage contacts 15.
  • location and dimensioning of the Ableitcarde 19.1 to 19.5 corresponds - in another horizontal plane - location and dimensioning of the fixed tap changer contacts 15.
  • the contact bars 16 to 18 and the individual Ableitessore 19.1 to 19.5 are guided parallel to each other; the contact carriage 9 in this case performs a linear, translational movement for contacting.
  • the individual Ableitessore 19.1 to 19.5 are connected to each other via an electrical connection, a derivative 20 and guided to the main winding 21.
  • the Ableitinstitut 20 can be made both inside and outside the tap changer.
  • the first contact bridge 10 can maraltten the tap changer contacts 15 at its one free end, at its other free end it runs on the contact rail 16, which is electrically connected to the input 4 of the first semiconductor switch 2.
  • the second contact bridge 11 can schalt at its one free end also the fixed tap changer contacts 15, at its other free end it runs on the further contact rail 17 which is electrically connected to the input 5 of the second semiconductor switch.
  • the third contact bridge 12 runs with its one free end on the contact rail 18, which is electrically connected to the common electrical output 6 of the power electronic circuit breaker. Its other free end corresponds to the Ableittitleen 19.1 to 19.5.
  • the further contact bridge 13 is provided, the AbleitCount Kunststoff, which can be contacted at a free end with the fixed tap changer contacts 15 and can be contacted at its other end to the AbleitCounten 19.1 to 19.5.
  • Symmetrical to the described contact bridge 12 is still the roller contact 14 is arranged, which is electrically connected to the contact bridges 12 and 13 and also the Ableitromee 19.1 to 19.5 beschalte can.
  • both the contact bridge 12 and thus the common output 6 of the power electronic diverter switch and the contact bridge 13 with one of the Ableitromee 19.1 to 19.5 depending on the position of the switching carriage 9 can be electrically connected.
  • the contact bridge 13 takes over the direct electrical connection between the respectively connected tap changer contact 15 and the respective discharge contact; depending on the switching position of this one of the Ableitessore 19.1 to 19.5.
  • the contact bridges 10 and 11, which lead to the inputs of the power electronic diverter switch 1, however, are not connected; the semiconductor switches 2 and 3 are enabled.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention with a circular arrangement.
  • semiconductor switches 2 and 3 are provided which each have a separate electrical input 4 or 5 and a common electrical output 6.
  • contact rollers 22, 23, 24 are provided which each run on a contact ring 25, 26, 27.
  • These contact rings 25 to 27 correspond in function to the contact rails 16 to 18 of FIG. 1.
  • the solid tap changer contacts 15 are provided here on a concentric circle. Shown is the central switching shaft 28.
  • Ableitessore 19.1 to 19.3 are shown. These Ableitcarde 19.1 to 19.3 are arranged in a different horizontal plane than the fixed tap changer contacts 14. However, they have the same contact geometry as well as vertical arrangement as the solid tap changer contacts 15th
  • switching segment 29 is provided of insulating material which is rotatable for load switching by the switching shaft 28 by an angle corresponding to the distance between two fixed tap changer contacts 14 and two Ableittitleen 19.1 ... 19.3.
  • contact rollers 30, 31, 32 are provided in a first horizontal plane, which can be contacted with the fixed tap changer contacts 15.
  • further contact rollers 33, 34, 35 are provided in a second horizontal plane, which can be contacted depending on the position of the switching segment with one of the Ableittivee 19.1 to 19.3.
  • the contact roller 30 is electrically connected via the contact ring 25 to the input 4 of the first semiconductor switch 2.
  • the contact roller 32 is electrically connected via the contact ring 26 to the input 5 of the second semiconductor switch 3.
  • the lower contact rollers 33 and 35 are both on the contact ring 27 with the common output 6 of the two semiconductor switches 2 and 3 in combination.
  • Upper contact roller 31 and lower contact roller 34 finally have an electrically conductive connection 36, such that the contact roller 31, which is arranged spatially between the contact rollers 30 and 32, directly via the lower contact roller 34 - position-dependent - connected to one of the Ableitessore 19.1 to 19.3 can be.
  • the operating principle is the same: In steady state operation, the respective switched solid tap changer contact 15 is electrically connected directly to one of the Ableittitlee 19.1 to 19.3 via the contact roller 34, while the semiconductor switches 2 and 3 not only enabled, but also galvanically separated from the transformer winding are. Only when switching is, depending on the direction of rotation, in each case one of the two inputs 4 or 5 of the power electronic diverter switch by means of the associated contact roller 30 and 32 briefly with the respective fixed tap changer contact 15, to be switched to. At the same time takes over, ie only during the switching, depending on the direction of rotation one of the contact rollers 33 or 35, the electrical connection to one of the Ableitessore 19.1 to 19.3.
  • FIG. 3 shows an altered wiring of the tap changer according to the invention to the transformer.
  • a per se known power switching switch 37 is still provided in the transformer.
  • this Umstellers 37 winding parts 38 and 39 of the transformer can be switched to increase the total available number of voltage levels differently.
  • the described tap changer according to the invention has the great advantage over the prior art that all connection lines to and from the power electronic diverter switch are galvanically isolated from the transformer winding.
  • the oil paths between the individual contact bridges and the individual contact pieces take over the insulation between these components.
  • the power electronic diverter switch is thus separated in the invention both the lightning impulse voltage and the permanent load with the operating voltage. Only during the actual load switching, a switching phase in the time range of about 100 ms, there is a galvanic connection to the transformer winding and thus is the operating voltage.
  • the insulation of the bushings 7 and the insulation distances in air can be performed correspondingly lower compared to the prior art.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an on-load tap changer comprising semiconductor switching elements for uninterrupted switching between fixed tap changer contacts which are electrically connected to winding taps of a tapped transformer. Each of the fixed tap changer contacts can be connected to a charge diverter either directly or, during switching, via the semiconductor switching elements that are connected therebetween. According to the invention, the charge diverter has fixed, divided diverting contact pieces in order for the semiconductor switching elements to be electrically isolated from the transformer winding during stationary operation.

Description

Stufenschalter mit Halbleiter-Schaltelementen Tap-changer with semiconductor switching elements
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stufenschalter mit Halbleiter-Schaltelementen zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen Wicklungsanzapfungen eines Stufentransformators. Dabei geht die Erfindung aus von einem Stufenschalter nach dem Prinzip eines Lastwählers.The invention relates to a tap changer with semiconductor switching elements for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a tapped transformer. The invention is based on a tap changer according to the principle of a load selector.
Stufenschalter sind in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen bekannt; sie werden prinzipiell unterschieden in Lastwähler und Geräte mit getrenntem Wähler zur leistungslosen Anwahl der neuen Wicklungsanzapfung, auf die umgeschaltet werden soll und separatem Lastumschalter zur darauffolgenden eigentlichen Umschaltung. Einen guten Überblick über die verschiedenen Bauformen bietet die Publikation „Axel Krämer: On-Load Tap-Changers for Power Transformers", MR-Publikation 2000. Auf der dortigen Seite 7f sind die Besonderheiten erläutert.Tap changers are known in various embodiments; they are basically differentiated in load selectors and devices with separate selector for powerless selection of the new winding tap to be switched to and separate diverter switch for subsequent actual switching. The publication "Axel Kramer: On-Load Tap-Changers for Power Transformers", MR Publication 2000 provides a good overview of the different types of construction. On page 7f the special features are explained.
Unabhängig von der Bauform verfügen alle Stufenschalter über eine gemeinsame Lastableitung, die unabhängig von der aktuellen Stellung des Stufenschalters eine Verbindung zum Transformator, in der Regel der Stammwicklung, herstellt.Regardless of the design, all tap changers have a common load dissipation, which, regardless of the current position of the tap changer, establishes a connection to the transformer, usually the main winding.
Beispielsweise ist aus der WO 99/60588 ein Stufenschalter bekannt, der, wie nach dem Stand der Technik allgemein üblich, eine solche einzige Lastableitung enthält. Bei der bekannten Lösung ist diese Lastableitung als elektrisch leitender Ableitring ausgebildet, der eine Schaltsäule konzentrisch umfasst. Auf dem Ableitring schleift ein Teil einer Kontaktbrücke, deren anderer Teil den jeweiligen festen Stufenkontakt elektrisch kontaktiert.For example, from WO 99/60588 a tap changer is known, which, as is customary in the prior art, contains such a single load dissipation. In the known solution, this load dissipation is designed as an electrically conductive diverter ring, which comprises a switching column concentric. On the Ableitring grinds a part of a contact bridge, the other part of the respective fixed step contact electrically contacted.
Eine ganz ähnliche Anordnung eines Stufenschalters ist bereits aus der DE 38 33 126 A1 bekannt. Besonders die dortige Figur 4 zeigt eine durchgehende Ableitung, hier in schematischer linearer Darstellung.A very similar arrangement of a tap changer is already known from DE 38 33 126 A1. Especially the local figure 4 shows a continuous derivative, here in a schematic linear representation.
Für Stufenschalter mit mechanischen Kontakten oder auch mit Vakuumschaltzellen als Schaltmittel sind diese durchgehenden Ableitringe oder, bei linearer Betätigung des Stufenschalters, auch Ableitschienen unproblematisch; sie ermöglichen einen konstruktiv einfachen Aufbau. Für Stufenschalter mit Halbleiter-Schaltelementen hingegen ergeben sich verschiedene Nachteile. Durch das dauerhafte Anliegen der Betriebsspannung und die Beanspruchung der Leistungselektronik durch Blitzstoßspannung sind hohe Isolationsabstände erforderlich, was unerwünscht ist. Weiterhin sind aufwändige Hochspannungsdurchführungen durch die Transformatorenwand notwendig. Insgesamt führen die bekannten Lastableitungen zu einer dauerhaften Belastung der leistungselektronischen Bauelemente. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, diese Nachteile zu beseitigen und einen Stufenschalter mit Halbleiter- Schaltelementen anzugeben, der die hohe Belastung dieser Schaltelemente vermeidet und im stationären Betrieb eine galvanische Trennung des Stufenschalters von der Transformatorenwicklung gewährleistet.For tap changers with mechanical contacts or with vacuum switching cells as switching means these continuous Ableitringe or, in linear operation of the tap changer, and discharge rails are unproblematic; They allow a structurally simple structure. For tap changers with semiconductor switching elements, however, there are several disadvantages. Due to the permanent concerns of the operating voltage and the stress of the power electronics by lightning impulse voltage high isolation distances are required, which is undesirable. Furthermore, complex high-voltage bushings through the transformer wall are necessary. Overall, the known load leads to a permanent load on the power electronic components. The object of the invention is to eliminate these disadvantages and to provide a tap changer with semiconductor switching elements, which avoids the high load of these switching elements and ensures a galvanic separation of the tap changer of the transformer winding in steady state operation.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen gattungsgemäßen Stufenschalter mit den Merkmalen des erstenThis object is achieved by a generic tap changer having the features of the first
Patentanspruches gelöst.Claim solved.
Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.
Der besondere Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besteht darin, dass im stationären Betrieb alle Verbindungsleitungen der leistungselektronischen Bauteile von der Transformatorenwicklung galvanisch getrennt sind. Die leistungselektronischen Bauteile sind somit zuverlässig von der Blitzstoßspannung als auch von der dauerhaften Beanspruchung mit der Betriebsspannung getrennt. Nur während der Umschaltphase, der eigentlichen Lastumschaltung also, besteht eine galvanische Verbindung mit der Transformatorenwicklung.The particular advantage of the solution according to the invention is that in stationary operation, all connection lines of the power electronic components are galvanically isolated from the transformer winding. The power electronic components are thus reliably separated from the lightning impulse voltage as well as the permanent load with the operating voltage. Only during the switching phase, ie the actual load switching, is there a galvanic connection with the transformer winding.
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen noch näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Figur 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter in schematischer DarstellungFigure 1 shows a tap changer according to the invention in a schematic representation
Figur 2 eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen StufenschaltersFigure 2 shows another embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention
Figur 3 einen erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter in abweichender Beschaltung amFigure 3 shows a tap changer according to the invention in different wiring on
Transformatortransformer
In Figur 1 ist ein Stufenschalter gezeigt, der einen leistungselektronischen Lastumschalter 1 aufweist. Dabei sind zwei Halbleiter-Schalter 2 und 3 vorgesehen, die jeweils einen elektrischen Eingang 4 bzw. 5 sowie einen gemeinsamen elektrischen Ausgang 6 aufweisen. Der Lastumschalter 1 besteht damit aus zwei Pfaden: Einem für die abschaltende Seite, einem für die übernehmende Seite, realisiert jeweils durch einen Halbleiter-Schalter 2 oder 3. Die elektrischen Eingänge 4, 5 sowie der elektrische Ausgang 6 sind mittels Durchführungen 7 in ein mechanisches Kontaktsystem 8 geführt. Das mechanische Kontaktsystem 8 weist einen Kontaktschlitten 9 auf, der in der Figur lediglich durch eine Strichlinie angedeutet ist. Der Kontaktschlitten 9 weist Kontaktbrücken 10, 11 , 12, 13 auf, die fest auf ihm angeordnet sind. Die Kontaktbrücken 10...13 sind elektrisch leitend, jedoch gegeneinander isoliert; sie besitzen an ihren Enden in der Figur nur angedeutete, an sich bekannte Kontaktrollen, Schleifanordnungen oder vergleichbare Mittel. Auf die Kontaktbrücken 10 bis 13 sowie eine zusätzlich angelenkte weitere Kontaktrolle 14 wird später detailliert noch eingegangen. Jeder der in der Figur 1 dargestellten Stufenkontakte 15 entspricht einer Wicklungsanzapfung n, n+1 ,... der Regelwicklung des Stufentransformators. Weiterhin sind im mechanischen Kontaktsystem drei Kontaktschienen 16, 17, 18 vorgesehen, die jeweils elektrisch leitend sind und von denen jeweils eine mit dem elektrischen Eingang 4 bzw. dem elektrischen Eingang 5 bzw. dem elektrischen Ausgang 6 der Halbleiterschalter 2, 3 elektrisch in Verbindung stehen.In Figure 1, a tap changer is shown, which has a power electronic diverter switch 1. In this case, two semiconductor switches 2 and 3 are provided, each having an electrical input 4 and 5 and a common electrical output 6. The diverter switch 1 thus consists of two paths: one for the disconnecting side, one for the acquiring side, realized in each case by a semiconductor switch 2 or 3. The electrical inputs 4, 5 and the electrical output 6 are by means of feedthroughs 7 in a mechanical Contact system 8 led. The mechanical contact system 8 has a contact carriage 9, which is indicated in the figure only by a dashed line. The contact carriage 9 has contact bridges 10, 11, 12, 13 which are fixedly arranged on it. The contact bridges 10 ... 13 are electrically conductive, but isolated from each other; they have at their ends in the figure only indicated, known per se contact rollers, grinding arrangements or similar means. On the contact bridges 10 to 13 and an additional hinged further contact roller 14 will be discussed later in detail. Each of the step contacts 15 illustrated in FIG. 1 corresponds to a winding tap n, n + 1,... Of the control winding of the step transformer. Furthermore, three contact rails 16, 17, 18 are provided in the mechanical contact system, which are each electrically conductive and of which in each case one is electrically connected to the electrical input 4 or the electrical input 5 or the electrical output 6 of the semiconductor switches 2, 3 ,
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Lastableitung geteilt, d. h. es ist keine aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte durchgehende Ableitschiene oder dergleichen vorgesehen. Statt dessen sind hier einzelne Ableitkontakte 19.1 , 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5 angeordnet, die, in Bewegungsrichtung des Kontaktschlittens 9 gesehen, in ihrer Ausdehnung den festen Stufenkontakten 15 entsprechen. Mit anderen Worten: Lage und Dimensionierung der Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.5 entspricht - in anderer horizontaler Ebene - Lage und Dimensionierung der festen Stufenschalterkontakte 15. Bei der hier gezeigten Ausführungsform sind die Kontaktschienen 16 bis 18 und die einzelnen Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.5 parallel zueinander geführt; der Kontaktschlitten 9 vollführt hierbei eine lineare, translatorische Bewegung zur Kontaktierung. Die einzelnen Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.5 sind über eine elektrische Verbindung, eine Ableitung 20 miteinander verbunden und zur Stammwicklung 21 geführt. Die Ableitverbindung 20 kann sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb des Stufenschalters vorgenommen werden.According to the invention, the load dissipation is divided, d. H. there is no known from the prior art continuous discharge or the like provided. Instead, here individual Ableitkontakte 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5 are arranged, which, seen in the direction of movement of the contact carriage 9, in their extension correspond to the fixed stage contacts 15. In other words: location and dimensioning of the Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.5 corresponds - in another horizontal plane - location and dimensioning of the fixed tap changer contacts 15. In the embodiment shown here, the contact bars 16 to 18 and the individual Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.5 are guided parallel to each other; the contact carriage 9 in this case performs a linear, translational movement for contacting. The individual Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.5 are connected to each other via an electrical connection, a derivative 20 and guided to the main winding 21. The Ableitverbindung 20 can be made both inside and outside the tap changer.
Die erste Kontaktbrücke 10 kann an ihrem einen freien Ende die Stufenschalterkontakte 15 beschälten, an ihrem anderen freien Ende läuft sie auf der Kontaktschiene 16, die mit dem Eingang 4 des ersten Halbleiterschalters 2 elektrisch verbunden ist. Die zweite Kontaktbrücke 11 kann an ihrem einen freien Ende ebenfalls die festen Stufenschalterkontakte 15 beschälten, an ihrem anderen freien Ende läuft sie auf der weiteren Kontaktschiene 17, die elektrisch mit dem Eingang 5 des zweiten Halbleiterschalters in Verbindung steht. Die dritte Kontaktbrücke 12 läuft mit ihrem einen freien Ende auf der Kontaktschiene 18, die mit dem gemeinsamen elektrischen Ausgang 6 des leistungselektronischen Leistungsschalters elektrisch verbunden ist. Ihr anderes freies Ende korrespondiert mit den Ableitkontakten 19.1 bis 19.5. Räumlich zwischen den beiden erläuterten Kontaktbrücken 10 und 11 ist die weitere Kontaktbrücke 13 vorgesehen, die Ableitkontaktbrücke, die an einem freien Ende mit den festen Stufenschalterkontakten 15 kontaktiert werden kann und mit ihrem anderen Ende mit den Ableitkontakten 19.1 bis 19.5 kontaktiert werden kann. Symmetrisch zur beschriebenen Kontaktbrücke 12 ist noch der Rollenkontakt 14 angeordnet, der elektrisch mit den Kontaktbrücken 12 und 13 verbunden ist und ebenfalls die Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.5 beschälten kann.The first contact bridge 10 can geschaltten the tap changer contacts 15 at its one free end, at its other free end it runs on the contact rail 16, which is electrically connected to the input 4 of the first semiconductor switch 2. The second contact bridge 11 can schalt at its one free end also the fixed tap changer contacts 15, at its other free end it runs on the further contact rail 17 which is electrically connected to the input 5 of the second semiconductor switch. The third contact bridge 12 runs with its one free end on the contact rail 18, which is electrically connected to the common electrical output 6 of the power electronic circuit breaker. Its other free end corresponds to the Ableitkontakten 19.1 to 19.5. Spatially between the two illustrated contact bridges 10 and 11, the further contact bridge 13 is provided, the Ableitkontaktbrücke, which can be contacted at a free end with the fixed tap changer contacts 15 and can be contacted at its other end to the Ableitkontakten 19.1 to 19.5. Symmetrical to the described contact bridge 12 is still the roller contact 14 is arranged, which is electrically connected to the contact bridges 12 and 13 and also the Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.5 beschalte can.
Es ist zu sehen, dass sowohl die Kontaktbrücke 12 und damit der gemeinsame Ausgang 6 des leistungselektronischen Lastumschalters als auch die Kontaktbrücke 13 mit einem der Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.5 je nach Stellung des Schaltschlittens 9 elektrisch in Verbindung gebracht werden können. Im stationären Betrieb übernimmt die Kontaktbrücke 13 die direkte elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem jeweils beschalteten Stufenschalterkontakt 15 und dem jeweiligen Ableitkontakt; je nach Schaltstellung ist dieser einer der Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.5. Die Kontaktbrücken 10 und 11 , die zu den Eingängen des leistungselektronischen Lastumschalters 1 führen, sind hingegen nicht beschaltet; die Halbleiterschalter 2 und 3 sind freigeschaltet.It can be seen that both the contact bridge 12 and thus the common output 6 of the power electronic diverter switch and the contact bridge 13 with one of the Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.5 depending on the position of the switching carriage 9 can be electrically connected. In steady state operation, the contact bridge 13 takes over the direct electrical connection between the respectively connected tap changer contact 15 and the respective discharge contact; depending on the switching position of this one of the Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.5. The contact bridges 10 and 11, which lead to the inputs of the power electronic diverter switch 1, however, are not connected; the semiconductor switches 2 and 3 are enabled.
Bei einer Lastumschaltung wird der Kontaktschlitten 9 nach links oder rechts bewegt -je nach dem, ob in Richtung „höher" oder „tiefer" geschaltet werden soll. In der Folge läuft einer der beidenIn a load switching the contact carriage 9 is moved to the left or right - depending on whether you want to switch in the direction of "higher" or "lower". In the episode one of the two runs
Kontaktbrücken 10 oder 11 auf den neu zu beschaltenden Stufenschalterkontakt 15 auf und stellt damit eine elektrische Verbindung zum entsprechenden Eingang 4 oder 5 des jeweiligenContact bridges 10 or 11 on the newly connected tap changer contact 15 and thus provides an electrical connection to the corresponding input 4 or 5 of the respective
Halbleiterschalters 2 oder 3 her. Gleichzeitig gerät die Kontaktbrücke 13 außer Kontakt mit einem der festen Stufenschalterkontakte 15.Semiconductor switch 2 or 3 ago. At the same time the contact bridge 13 gets out of contact with one of the fixed tap changer contacts 15th
Die Umschaltung ist abgeschlossen, wenn der Kontaktschlitten 9 soweit weiter bewegt worden ist, dass die Kontaktbrücken 10 und 11 beider wieder außer Eingriff gelangt sind und die KontaktbrückeThe switching is completed when the contact carriage 9 has been further moved so far that the contact bridges 10 and 11 both again disengaged and the contact bridge
13 wieder die Dauerstromführung übernommen hat.13 again has taken over the continuous current control.
Figur 2 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einer kreisförmigen Anordnung. Auch hier sind Halbleiter-Schalter 2 und 3 vorgesehen, die jeweils einen separaten elektrischen Eingang 4 bzw. 5 und einen gemeinsamen elektrischen Ausgang 6 aufweisen. Hierbei sind Kontaktrollen 22, 23, 24 vorgesehen, die jeweils auf einem Kontaktring 25, 26, 27 laufen. Diese Kontaktringe 25 bis 27 entsprechen von ihrer Funktion her den Kontaktschienen 16 bis 18 aus Figur 1. Auf einem konzentrischen Kreis sind hier die festen Stufenschalterkontakte 15 vorgesehen. Dargestellt ist die zentrische Schaltwelle 28. Weiterhin sind hier Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.3 gezeigt. Diese Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.3 sind in einer anderen horizontalen Ebene als die festen Stufenschalterkontakte 14 angeordnet. Sie weisen jedoch die gleiche Kontaktgeometrie wie auch vertikale Anordnung auf wie die festen Stufenschalterkontakte 15.FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention with a circular arrangement. Here, too, semiconductor switches 2 and 3 are provided which each have a separate electrical input 4 or 5 and a common electrical output 6. In this case, contact rollers 22, 23, 24 are provided which each run on a contact ring 25, 26, 27. These contact rings 25 to 27 correspond in function to the contact rails 16 to 18 of FIG. 1. The solid tap changer contacts 15 are provided here on a concentric circle. Shown is the central switching shaft 28. Furthermore, here Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.3 are shown. These Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.3 are arranged in a different horizontal plane than the fixed tap changer contacts 14. However, they have the same contact geometry as well as vertical arrangement as the solid tap changer contacts 15th
Weiterhin ist ein nur durch eine Strichlinie angedeutetes Schaltsegment 29 aus isolierendem Material vorgesehen, das zur Lastumschaltung durch die Schaltwelle 28 um einen Winkel drehbar ist, der dem Abstand zwischen zwei festen Stufenschalterkontakten 14 bzw. zwei Ableitkontakten 19.1...19.3 entspricht. Auf dem Schaltsegment 29 sind in einer ersten horizontalen Ebene Kontaktrollen 30, 31 , 32 vorgesehen, die mit den festen Stufenschalterkontakten 15 kontaktierbar sind. Weiterhin sind in einer zweiten horizontalen Ebene weitere Kontaktrollen 33, 34, 35 vorgesehen, die je nach Stellung des Schaltsegmentes mit einem der Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.3 kontaktierbar sind. Die Kontaktrolle 30 steht über den Kontaktring 25 mit dem Eingang 4 des ersten Halbleiter-Schalters 2 elektrisch in Verbindung. Die Kontaktrolle 32 steht über den Kontaktring 26 mit dem Eingang 5 des zweiten Halbleiter-Schalters 3 elektrisch in Verbindung. Die unteren Kontaktrollen 33 und 35 stehen beide über den Kontaktring 27 mit dem gemeinsamen Ausgang 6 der beiden Halbleiter-Schalter 2 und 3 in Verbindung. Obere Kontaktrolle 31 und untere Kontaktrolle 34 schließlich besitzen eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung 36, derart, dass die Kontaktrolle 31 , die räumlich zwischen den Kontaktrollen 30 und 32 angeordnet ist, direkt über die untere Kontaktrolle 34 - stellungsabhängig - mit einem der Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.3 verbunden werden kann. Wie erläutert, vollzieht bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung das Schaltsegment 29 und mit ihm die Kontaktrollen 30 bis 35 bei jeder Lastumschaltung eine Drehbewegung. Das Funktionsprinzip ist jedoch dasselbe: Im stationären Betrieb ist der jeweils geschaltete feste Stufenschalterkontakt 15 direkt mit einem der Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.3 über die Kontaktrolle 34 elektrisch verbunden, während die Halbleiter-Schalter 2 und 3 nicht nur freigeschaltet, sondern auch galvanisch von der Transformatorenwicklung getrennt sind. Nur bei einer Umschaltung wird, drehrichtungsabhängig, jeweils einer der beiden Eingänge 4 oder 5 des leistungselektronischen Lastumschalters mittels der zugeordneten Kontaktrolle 30 bzw. 32 kurz mit dem jeweiligen festen Stufenschalterkontakt 15, auf den umgeschaltet werden soll, verbunden. Gleichzeitig übernimmt dann, d. h. nur während der Umschaltung, drehrichtungsabhängig eine der Kontaktrollen 33 oder 35 die elektrische Verbindung zu einem der Ableitkontakte 19.1 bis 19.3.Furthermore, an indicated only by a dashed line switching segment 29 is provided of insulating material which is rotatable for load switching by the switching shaft 28 by an angle corresponding to the distance between two fixed tap changer contacts 14 and two Ableitkontakten 19.1 ... 19.3. On the switching segment 29 contact rollers 30, 31, 32 are provided in a first horizontal plane, which can be contacted with the fixed tap changer contacts 15. Furthermore, further contact rollers 33, 34, 35 are provided in a second horizontal plane, which can be contacted depending on the position of the switching segment with one of the Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.3. The contact roller 30 is electrically connected via the contact ring 25 to the input 4 of the first semiconductor switch 2. The contact roller 32 is electrically connected via the contact ring 26 to the input 5 of the second semiconductor switch 3. The lower contact rollers 33 and 35 are both on the contact ring 27 with the common output 6 of the two semiconductor switches 2 and 3 in combination. Upper contact roller 31 and lower contact roller 34 finally have an electrically conductive connection 36, such that the contact roller 31, which is arranged spatially between the contact rollers 30 and 32, directly via the lower contact roller 34 - position-dependent - connected to one of the Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.3 can be. As explained, performs in this embodiment of the invention, the switching segment 29 and with him the contact rollers 30 to 35 at each load switching a rotational movement. However, the operating principle is the same: In steady state operation, the respective switched solid tap changer contact 15 is electrically connected directly to one of the Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.3 via the contact roller 34, while the semiconductor switches 2 and 3 not only enabled, but also galvanically separated from the transformer winding are. Only when switching is, depending on the direction of rotation, in each case one of the two inputs 4 or 5 of the power electronic diverter switch by means of the associated contact roller 30 and 32 briefly with the respective fixed tap changer contact 15, to be switched to. At the same time takes over, ie only during the switching, depending on the direction of rotation one of the contact rollers 33 or 35, the electrical connection to one of the Ableitkontakte 19.1 to 19.3.
Figur 3 zeigt eine veränderte Beschaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters an den Transformator. Hier ist im Transformator noch ein an sich bekannter leistungslos schaltender Umsteller 37 vorgesehen. Mittels dieses Umstellers 37 können Wicklungsteile 38 und 39 des Transformators zur Erhöhung der insgesamt verfügbaren Zahl von Spannungsstufen unterschiedlich geschaltet werden.Figure 3 shows an altered wiring of the tap changer according to the invention to the transformer. Here, a per se known power switching switch 37 is still provided in the transformer. By means of this Umstellers 37 winding parts 38 and 39 of the transformer can be switched to increase the total available number of voltage levels differently.
In allen Ausführungsformen weist der beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Stufenschalter gegenüber dem Stand der Technik den großen Vorteil auf, dass alle Verbindungsleitungen zu und vom leistungselektronischen Lastumschalter von der Transformatorenwicklung galvanisch getrennt sind. Die Ölstrecken zwischen den einzelnen Kontaktbrücken und den einzelnen Kontaktstücken übernehmen dabei die Isolation zwischen diesen Bauteilen. Der leistungselektronische Lastumschalter ist bei der Erfindung somit sowohl der Blitzstoßspannung als auch von der dauerhaften Beanspruchung mit der Betriebsspannung getrennt. Nur während der eigentlichen Lastumschaltung, einer Umschaltphase im Zeitbereich von etwa 100 ms, besteht eine galvanische Verbindung mit der Transformatorenwicklung und liegt somit die Betriebsspannung an. Die Isolation der Durchführungen 7 sowie die Isolationsabstände in Luft können gegenüber dem Stand der Technik entsprechend geringer ausgeführt werden. In all embodiments, the described tap changer according to the invention has the great advantage over the prior art that all connection lines to and from the power electronic diverter switch are galvanically isolated from the transformer winding. The oil paths between the individual contact bridges and the individual contact pieces take over the insulation between these components. The power electronic diverter switch is thus separated in the invention both the lightning impulse voltage and the permanent load with the operating voltage. Only during the actual load switching, a switching phase in the time range of about 100 ms, there is a galvanic connection to the transformer winding and thus is the operating voltage. The insulation of the bushings 7 and the insulation distances in air can be performed correspondingly lower compared to the prior art.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Stufenschalter mit Halbleiter-Schaltelementen zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen festen Stufenschalterkontakten (15), die mit Wicklungsanzapfungen eines Stufentransformators elektrisch verbunden sind, wobei die festen Stufenschalterkontakte (15) entlang einer Bahn angeordnet sind, wobei ein Kontaktschlitten (9) entlang der Bahn bewegbar ist, wobei auf dem Kontaktschlitten (9) elektrisch leitende, gegeneinander isolierte KontaktbrückenA step-breaker comprising solid-state switching elements for seamless switching between fixed tap changer contacts (15) electrically connected to winding taps of a tapped transformer, said fixed tap changer contacts (15) being arranged along a path, wherein a contact slide (9) is movable along said path , wherein on the contact slide (9) electrically conductive, mutually insulated contact bridges
(10, 11 , 12, 13, 14) angeordnet sind, durch die wahlweise im stationären Betrieb direkt einer der festen Stufenschalterkontakte (15) mit einer Lastableitung (20) und während der Umschaltung kurzzeitig jeweils einer der festen Stufenschalterkontakte (15) mit einem Eingang (4, 5) eines der(10, 11, 12, 13, 14) are arranged, by either in stationary operation directly one of the fixed tap changer contacts (15) with a load dissipation (20) and during the switching briefly each one of the fixed tap changer contacts (15) with an input (4, 5) one of
Halbleiterschalter (2, 3) und weiterhin der Ausgang (6) des jeweiligen Halbleiterschalters (2, 3) mit der Lastableitung (20) beschaltbar ist und wobei die Lastableitung (20) feste, geteilte Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 ,... ,19.5) aufweist, derart, dass die Halbleiter-Schaltelemente (2, 3) im stationären Betrieb von der Lastableitung (20) und damit der Transformatorenwicklung galvanisch getrennt sind.Semiconductor switch (2, 3) and further the output (6) of the respective semiconductor switch (2, 3) with the load dissipation (20) can be connected and wherein the load dissipation (20) fixed, divided Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1, ..., 19.5) in such a way that the semiconductor switching elements (2, 3) are electrically isolated from the load lead (20) and thus from the transformer winding during stationary operation.
2. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die festen, geteilten Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1,... ,19.5) in einer weiteren Bahn parallel zur Bahn der festen Stufenschalterkontakte (15) und in gleichem räumlichen und geometrischen Muster wie diese angeordnet sind.2. Tap changer according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed, divided Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1, ..., 19.5) are arranged in a further path parallel to the path of the fixed tap changer contacts (15) and in the same spatial and geometric pattern as this.
3. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die festen Stufenschalterkontakte (15) und die festen Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) jeweils längs einer ebenen Bahn angeordnet sind und der Kontaktschlitten (9) linear bewegbar ist.Third tap changer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fixed tap changer contacts (15) and the fixed Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) are each arranged along a flat path and the contact carriage (9) is linearly movable.
4. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die festen Stufenschalterkontakte (15) und die festen Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) jeweils auf einer kreisförmigen Bahn konzentrisch um einen Drehpunkt des drehbaren Kontaktschlittens (9) angeordnet sind.4. tap changer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fixed tap changer contacts (15) and the fixed Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) are each arranged on a circular path concentrically about a pivot point of the rotatable contact carriage (9).
5. Stufenschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Halbleiter-Schaltelemente (2, 3) IGBTs sind. 5. Tap changer according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the semiconductor switching elements (2, 3) are IGBTs.
6. Stufenschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Halbleiter-Schaltelemente (2, 3) jeweils einen separaten elektrischen Eingang (4, 5) sowie einen gemeinsamen elektrischen Ausgang (6) aufweisen.6. Tap changer according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the two semiconductor switching elements (2, 3) each have a separate electrical input (4, 5) and a common electrical output (6).
7. Stufenschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass parallel zur Bahn der festen Stufenschaiterkontakte (15) elektrisch leitende, jedoch gegeneinander isolierte Kontaktschienen (16, 17, 18; 25, 26, 27) vorgesehen sind, von denen jeweils eine mit einem der elektrischen Eingänge (4, 5) bzw. mit dem elektrischen Ausgang (6) elektrisch in Verbindung steht.7. Tap changer according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that parallel to the path of the fixed tap changer contacts (15) electrically conductive, but mutually insulated contact rails (16, 17, 18, 25, 26, 27) are provided, of which in each case one with one of the electrical inputs (4, 5) and with the electrical output (6) is electrically connected.
8. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass parallel zu den Kontaktschienen (16, 17, 18; 25, 26, 27), wieder gegen diese elektrisch isoliert, die Bahn der Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 , ...,19.5) vorgesehen ist, die ihrerseits mit der Lastableitung (20) elektrisch verbunden sind.8. tap changer according to claim 7, characterized in that parallel to the contact rails (16, 17, 18, 25, 26, 27), again electrically insulated against this, the path of the Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1, ..., 19.5) is provided , which in turn are electrically connected to the load dissipation (20).
9. Stufenschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktbrücken (10, 11 , 12, 13, 14) derart dimensioniert und räumlich auf dem Kontaktschlitten (9) angeordnet sind, dass sie mit den Kontaktschienen (16, 17, 18; 25, 26, 27) bzw. einem der Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) korrespondieren und durch sie schaltabhängig eine elektrische Verbindung wahlweise zwischen einem der festen Stufenkontakte (15) direkt einem der Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) oder eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen einem der festen Stufenkontakte (15) mit einem der elektrischen Eingänge (4, 5) sowie zusätzlich eine weitere elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen Ausgang (6) und einem der Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) herstellbar ist. 9. tap changer according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the contact bridges (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) are dimensioned and spatially arranged on the contact carriage (9), that they with the contact rails (16, 17 , 18, 25, 26, 27) and one of the Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) correspond and switch-dependent electrical connection either between one of the fixed stage contacts (15) directly one of the Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) or an electrical connection between one of fixed step contacts (15) with one of the electrical inputs (4, 5) and in addition a further electrical connection between the electrical output (6) and one of the Ableitkontaktstücke (19.1 19.5) can be produced.
EP10704323.4A 2009-04-09 2010-02-06 Tap change device with solid state switching Not-in-force EP2417613B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2010/000750 WO2010115485A1 (en) 2009-04-09 2010-02-06 On-load tap changer comprising semiconductor switching elements

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BRPI1007060A2 (en) 2018-12-11
JP2012523680A (en) 2012-10-04
WO2010115485A1 (en) 2010-10-14
US20120032654A1 (en) 2012-02-09
EP2417613B1 (en) 2013-11-13
CN102356443B (en) 2014-05-14
UA105787C2 (en) 2014-06-25
RU2011145277A (en) 2013-05-20
AU2010234081A1 (en) 2011-08-11
KR20120005435A (en) 2012-01-16
JP5710587B2 (en) 2015-04-30
KR101643214B1 (en) 2016-08-10
CN102356443A (en) 2012-02-15
CA2758035A1 (en) 2010-10-14
DE102009017196A1 (en) 2010-10-14
AU2010234081B2 (en) 2015-11-05
US8624565B2 (en) 2014-01-07
RU2517196C2 (en) 2014-05-27
CA2758035C (en) 2015-10-27

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