EP3039698B1 - On-load tap changer, a step transformer and corresponding method of tap changing - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an on-load tap changer for voltage regulation of a tapped transformer, in particular for a tapped transformer having at least one phase to be controlled, having a first winding and a second winding, a tapped transformer for voltage regulation, and a method for performing a change in a tapped transformer for voltage regulation ,

In the field of energy supply different types of transformers are used. In addition to the widely used in oil arranged transformers, there are also dry-type transformers. The insulating and cooling function of the oil in dry-type transformers must take over a resin and the surrounding air. Since the oil fulfills these functions many times better, the power spectra of the different transformer types are correspondingly different.

Today, large crowds are moving to inner cities and settling there. Thus, the power supply must be adapted accordingly to this development. With oil-filled transformers there is always the danger of a transformer fire, which would have devastating consequences in a densely populated area. For this reason, there is a keen interest in the development of different dry-type transformers and the associated control devices.

• Es werden zunächst alle Anzapfungen des einen Wicklungsteils ein- oder ausgeschaltet und danach die des anderen Wicklungsteils. Dies bewirkt ein unerwünschtes magnetisches Ungleichgewicht des Transformators.
• Beim Bewegen über die Mittelstellung tritt an Ableitkontakten und Schleifkontakten Abbrand durch Kommutieren des Laststroms auf.
• Der Schaltschritt beim Schalten über die Mittelstellung bewirkt keine Spannungsänderung am Transformator.
• Zwischen Stufenkontakten und Ableitkontakten tritt teilweise die volle Regelbereichs-Spannung des Transformators auf. Dies bedeutet, dass bei hohen Spannungen große Abstände erforderlich sind.

From the EP 0 213 461 B1 a step transformer is known in which each phase consists of two windings. These windings each have two coupled areas with taps. A load selector, a so-called integrated on-load tap changer, is connected to the taps in such a way that it initially switches on the taps of one and then that of the other winding. This also applies to the switching off of the taps. Switching from one tap to the next tap is done in one step. The actual changeover is carried out via a contact system with three contacts and two override resistors. This embodiment has the following disadvantages:

• All taps of one winding part are first switched on or off and then those of the other winding part. This causes an undesirable magnetic imbalance of the transformer.
• When moving over the middle position occurs on Ableitkontakten and sliding contacts burnup by commutation of the load current.
• The switching step when switching over the middle position does not cause a voltage change at the transformer.
• Between step contacts and Ableitkontakten partially the full control range voltage of the transformer occurs. This means that at high voltages large distances are required.

WO 2012/175141 A1 describes a three-phase on-load tap changer for controlling a three-phase tapped transformer comprising a selector with a total of three contact arrangements for preselecting the taps of a tapped transformer and a diverter switch with a total of three switch arrangements for the actual load switching.

EP 1 864 305 B1 discloses in Fig. 12B an arrangement for controlling a distribution transformer by means of an on-load tap changer, wherein the distribution transformer has a phase to be controlled with a first and a second winding. The first and the second winding each have a control winding with winding taps, which are connected by an on-load tap-changer.

US 2 484 576 A describes a voltage regulation device for a three-phase stepping transformer, wherein the transformer has two windings per phase and each winding comprises an area to be controlled with taps af. Furthermore, a tap changer is provided per phase, which has a rotating contact arm with a movable contact which connects the tap contacts a'-f 'associated with the taps af. In this case, the movable contact in the stationary position always contacts the two stage contacts simultaneously, which belong to the respective tap of both the first winding and the second winding of a phase.

US 2 434 503 A describes a tap changer for controlling a three-phase transformer comprising a total of four windings, of which two main windings and two control windings with taps. For each control winding a tap changer is provided which connects the taps of the control winding. Each tap changer has for this purpose a first and a second contact fingers. The actual load switching is performed via two Abbrandkontakte, which are each arranged between the two first and second contact fingers. Further, a drive mechanism provided comprising a Maltese driver for actuating the contact fingers of the tap changer. The two contact fingers of a tap changer are always moved together, so they are not independently movable. The contact fingers of different tap changer, however, are not coupled.

The object of the invention is therefore an on-load tap changer for voltage regulation, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and can be used at higher voltages, a step transformer for voltage regulation, which is safe and reliable, and a method for performing a switching in a tapped transformer for voltage regulation to provide a safe operation of the tapped transformer is guaranteed.

This object is achieved by an on-load tap-changer, a tapped transformer and a method according to the independent claims. Advantageous developments and embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

• der Stufentransformator mindestens eine zu regelnde Phase aufweist, die eine erste Wicklung und eine zweite Wicklung aufweist;
• die erste Wicklung eine Regelwicklung mit geradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen und eine Stammwicklung aufweist und die zweite Wicklung eine Regelwicklung mit ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen und eine Stammwicklung aufweist;
• die erste Wicklung und die zweite Wicklung mit den Regelwicklungen der geradzahligen und der ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen induktiv gekoppelt sind;
• der Laststufenschalter einen, insbesondere ersten, Wähler zum abwechselnd leistungslosen Vorwählen der zu beschaltenden geradzahligen oder ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen aufweist.

The invention proposes according to a first aspect of an on-load tap changer for voltage regulation of a tapped transformer, wherein

• the tapped transformer has at least one phase to be controlled, which has a first winding and a second winding;
• the first winding has a control winding with even-numbered winding taps and a main winding, and the second winding has a control winding with odd-numbered winding taps and a main winding;
• the first winding and the second winding are inductively coupled to the control windings of the even-numbered and odd-numbered winding taps;
• the on-load tap changer has a, in particular first, selector for alternately powerless preselection of the even-numbered or even-numbered winding taps to be connected.

The proposed according to the first aspect of the invention on-load tap-changer is used for voltage regulation of a tapped transformer. The tapped transformer has at least one phase to be controlled, which has a first winding and a second winding. The first winding each has a control winding with even-numbered winding taps, and the second winding has a control winding with odd-numbered winding taps. Further, each a parent winding is provided, wherein the first winding and the second winding with the control windings of the even and the odd-numbered winding taps are inductively coupled. The on-load tap-changer has a, in particular first, selector, which is designed in such a way that power-free preselection of the even-numbered or even-numbered winding taps to be connected is alternately possible.

• der Wähler einen ersten Wählerteil für die Regelwicklung mit den geradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen und einen zweiten Wählerteil für die Regelwicklung mit den ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen zum leistungslosen Vorwählen der zu beschaltenden Wicklungsanzapfungen aufweist.

It can be provided that

• the selector has a first selector part for the control winding with the even-numbered winding taps and a second selector part for the control winding with the odd-numbered winding taps for powerless preselection of the winding taps to be connected.

• einen, insbesondere ersten, Lastumschalter zur Durchführung der Umschaltung zwischen den geradzahligen bzw. den ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen der durch den Wähler lastlos vorgewählten Regelwicklungen.

It can be provided that each of the proposed on-load tap-changer comprises

• a, in particular first, diverter switch for performing the switching between the even and the odd-numbered winding taps of the last-selected by the selector rule windings.

The selector has a first selector part for the control winding with the even-numbered winding taps and a second selector part for the control winding with the odd-numbered winding taps for powerless preselection of the winding taps to be connected. To perform the switching is a, in particular first, diverter switch between the even and the odd-numbered winding taps provided, which switches between the last selected by the selector rule windings.

• der erste Wählerteil und der zweite Wählerteil jeweils zwei Wählerarme für die Wicklungsanzapfungen einer Regelwicklung aufweist;

It can be provided that

• the first selector part and the second selector part each have two selector arms for the winding taps of a control winding;

• der erste Wählerteil mit den geradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen der Regelwicklung der ersten Wicklung über Stufenkontakte elektrisch leitend verbunden ist;
• der zweite Wählerteil mit den ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen der Regelwicklung der zweiten Wicklung über Stufenkontakte elektrisch leitend verbunden ist;

It can be provided that

• the first selector part is electrically connected to the even-numbered winding taps of the control winding of the first winding via tap contacts;
• the second selector part is electrically conductively connected to the odd-numbered winding taps of the control winding of the second winding via tap contacts;

• jeder Wählerarm mit jeweils einer Ableitschiene und mit jeweils einem Stufenkontakt der entsprechenden Regelwicklung elektrisch leitend verbunden ist;
• jede Ableitschiene mit dem Lastumschalter elektrisch leitend verbunden ist.

It can be provided that

• each selector arm is electrically conductively connected to a respective discharge line and to a respective step contact of the corresponding control winding;
• each discharge bar is electrically connected to the diverter switch.

• jedem Wählerarm zur linearen Bewegung eine Spindel, ein Riemen oder eine Kette zugeordnet ist.

It can be provided that

• each selector arm for linear movement of a spindle, a belt or a chain is assigned.

The first selector part has two selector arms each, and the second selector part has two selector arms each for the winding taps of a control winding. The first selector part is electrically conductively connected to the even-numbered winding taps of the control winding of the first winding via tap contacts. The second selector part is electrically conductively connected to the odd-numbered winding taps of the control winding of the second winding via tap contacts. Each selector arm of the first or second selector part is electrically conductively connected to a respective arrester rail and to a respective step contact of the corresponding control winding. Each discharge bar is electrically connected to the diverter switch. Each selector arm is associated with a spindle, belt or chain for linear movement.

• der Lastumschalter eine erste Schaltseite und eine zweite Schaltseite aufweist;
• die erste Schaltseite die erste Ableitschiene des ersten Wählerteils und die zweite Ableitschiene des zweiten Wählerteils trennt bzw. verbindet;
• die zweite Schaltseite die zweite Ableitschiene des ersten Wählerteils und die erste Ableitschiene des zweiten Wählerteils trennt bzw. verbindet.

It can be provided that

• the diverter switch has a first switching side and a second switching side;
• the first switching side separates the first diverter rail of the first selector part and the second diverter rail of the second selector part;
• the second switching side separates or connects the second discharge rail of the first selector part and the first discharge rail of the second selector part.

The diverter switch has a first switching side and a second switching side, wherein the first switching side separates the first diverter rail of the first selector part and the second diverter rail of the second selector part. Likewise, the second switching side separates or connects the second discharge rail of the first selector part and the first discharge rail of the second selector part.

In one embodiment of the on-load tap-changer, each switching side has at least one mechanical switch, two vacuum interrupters, and one resistor. The mechanical switch is connected in series with a first switching branch with a vacuum interrupter and a parallel second branch with a vacuum interrupter and a resistor connected in series therewith.

In a further embodiment of the on-load tap-changer, each switching side has at least one mechanical switch, two vacuum interrupters and one resistor. A first switching branch is connected in parallel to a second switching branch, wherein the first switching branch connected in series, a mechanical switch and a vacuum interrupter and the second switching branch connected in series comprises a mechanical switch, a vacuum interrupter and a resistor.

In a further embodiment of the on-load tap-changer, each switching side has at least one mechanical switch, two vacuum interrupters and one resistor. The mechanical switch is connected in series with a vacuum interrupter and is connected in series with a first switching branch with a resistor and a second branch with a vacuum interrupter, wherein the first and the second branch are connected in parallel.

• jede Schaltseite einen Dauerhauptkontakt aufweist, der parallel zum ersten und zweiten Schaltzweig geschaltet ist.

It can be provided that

• each switching side has a permanent main contact connected in parallel to the first and second switching branches.

• jede Schaltseite einen Dauerhauptkontakt aufweist, der unmittelbar die erste und die zweite Ableitschiene voneinander trennt bzw. miteinander leitend verbindet.

It can be provided that

• Each switching side has a permanent main contact, which directly separates the first and the second discharge rail from one another or conductively connects to one another.

Each switching side has a permanent main contact, which is connected in parallel with the first and second switching branches. Furthermore, each switching side has a permanent main contact, which connects directly to the first and the second diverter rail with each other.

Each switching side may be formed as desired in any manner and include, for example, at least one additional or further mechanical switch and / or at least one additional or further vacuum interrupter and / or at least one additional or further resistor and / or at least one additional or further permanent main contact.

• einen, insbesondere ersten, Motorantrieb, der an den Wähler und/oder den Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist.

It can be provided that each of the proposed on-load tap-changer comprises

• a, in particular first, motor drive, which is coupled to the selector and / or the diverter switch.

• eine, insbesondere erste, Abtriebswelle, über die der Motorantrieb an den Wähler und/oder den Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist; und/oder
• ein, insbesondere erstes, Getriebe, über das der Motorantrieb an die Abtriebswelle oder an den Wähler und/oder den Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist; und/oder
• eine, insbesondere erste, Antriebswelle, über die der Motorantrieb an das Getriebe gekoppelt ist.

It can be provided that each of the proposed on-load tap-changer comprises

• a, in particular first, output shaft, via which the motor drive is coupled to the selector and / or the diverter switch; and or
• a, in particular first, transmission, via which the motor drive is coupled to the output shaft or to the selector and / or the diverter switch; and or
• a, in particular first, drive shaft, via which the motor drive is coupled to the transmission.

The coupling of the first motor drive to the first selector and / or the first diverter switch can take place in any desired manner, for example directly or indirectly, in particular via the output shaft and / or the transmission and / or the drive shaft. Preferably, with direct coupling, the first motor drive is arranged as close as possible to the first selector and / or the first diverter switch and / or attached to the first selector and / or the first diverter switch.

Each shaft may preferably be electrically insulating.

• einen elektrisch isolierenden Ständer mit einem oberen Ständerende und einem unteren Ständerende, das an einem auf Erdpotential liegenden Sockel befestigt werden kann oder ist;

wobei

• der Wähler an dem oberen Ständerende befestigt und oberhalb des oberen Ständerendes angeordnet ist.

It can be provided that each of the proposed on-load tap-changer comprises

• an electrically insulating stator having an upper stator end and a lower stator end which is or can be attached to a grounded socket;

in which

• the selector is attached to the upper stator end and located above the upper stator end.

The stand, which is also referred to as a supporter, ensures the insulation required in each case of use between the live contacts, wires and other parts of the on-load tap-changer and the ground potential. With a sufficient height of the stator, an isolation distance of at least 72 kV or at least 123 kV or at least 145 kV can thus be achieved.

The base may for example be part of the tapped transformer or the on-load tap-changer.

The on-load tap-changer proposed according to the first aspect can be configured as desired in any manner and for example at least one additional or further selector and / or at least one additional or further diverter switch and / or at least one additional or further motor drive and / or at least one additional or further output shaft and / or at least one additional or further gear and / or at least one additional or further drive shaft and / or at least one additional or further stator.

• der Lastumschalter an dem oberen Ständerende befestigt und oberhalb des oberen Ständerendes, insbesondere unterhalb des Wählers, angeordnet ist; und/oder
• das Getriebe an dem oberen Ständerende befestigt und oberhalb des oberen Ständerendes, insbesondere unterhalb des Wählers und/oder oberhalb der Widerstände, angeordnet ist oder an dem unteren Ständerende befestigt und unterhalb des unteren Ständerendes, insbesondere in dem Sockel, angeordnet ist; und/oder
• der Motorantrieb an dem unteren Ständerende befestigt und unterhalb des unteren Ständerendes angeordnet ist; und/oder
• die Antriebswelle oder die Abtriebswelle durch den Ständer von dem unteren Ständerende zu dem oberen Ständerende verläuft.

It can be provided that

• the diverter switch is attached to the upper stator end and is arranged above the upper stator end, in particular below the selector; and or
• the gear is fixed to the upper end of the stand and above the upper end of the stand, in particular below the selector and / or above the resistors, is arranged or attached to the lower stator end and below the lower stator end, in particular in the base, is arranged; and or
• the motor drive is fixed to the lower stator end and disposed below the lower stator end; and or
• the drive shaft or the output shaft passes through the stator from the lower stator end to the upper stator end.

• wenigstens einer der Widerstände als Gusseisenwiderstand ausgebildet ist.

It can be provided that

• at least one of the resistors is designed as a cast iron resistor.

The resistors are charged with each switching operation with a very high electrical power and heat up accordingly. They can cool down until the next changeover, which, however, can be so small depending on the switching distance that they continue to heat up. Should their temperature be too high, the switching distance would have to be increased to allow more time for cooling. As a result, the operation of the on-load tap-changer is impaired. Since such cast iron resistors have higher masses compared to wirewound resistors and therefore heat up more slowly with the same energy input, the switching distance must be increased less frequently. This is particularly important for dry-type transformers because they cool the resistors with air, which is far less effective than the transformer oil cooling possible with oil transformers.

Preferably, the hot exhaust air resulting from air cooling of a dry transformer can be used as the cooling air for the resistors since these hot exhaust air are still colder than the resistors in operation.

• für eine zweite zu regelnde Phase des Stufentransformators einen zweiten Wähler;
• für eine dritte zu regelnde Phase des Stufentransformators einen dritten Wähler; wobei
• der zweite und der dritte Wähler insbesondere wie der erste Wähler ausgebildet sind;
• die zweite und die dritte Phase insbesondere wie die erste zu regelnde Phase ausgebildet sind;
• die Wähler in den Ecken eines Dreiecks angeordnet sind.

It can be provided that each of the proposed on-load tap-changer comprises

• for a second phase of the step transformer to be controlled, a second selector;
• for a third phase of the step-up transformer to be controlled, a third selector; in which
• the second and third voters are in particular how the first voter is trained;
• the second and the third phase are designed in particular like the first phase to be regulated;
• the voters are arranged in the corners of a triangle.

Such a three-phase on-load tap-changer is in particular for a so-called Temple transformer suitable in which three phases in the corners of an equilateral triangle are arranged symmetrically to each other and the example of DE 40 29 097 A1 . US 5 202 664 A . EP 1 277 217 B1 . EP 2 367 181 A1 and US 2013 328,652 A1 is known. For the three voters can be assigned to the phases simply such that for each phase-voter pair analog or similar or equal connection conditions given and in particular short connection lines are possible. Instead of such a three-phase on-load tap-changer, three single-phase on-load tap-changers, which are designed and / or constructed in particular according to the first aspect, may be arranged symmetrically to one another in the corners of an equilateral triangle.

Preferably, the triangle is equilateral and the voters are arranged in the corners symmetrical to each other.

• einen zweiten Lastumschalter, der dem zweiten Wähler zugeordnet ist;
• einen dritten Lastumschalter, der dem dritten Wähler zugeordnet ist;

wobei

• der zweite und der dritte Lastumschalter insbesondere wie der erste Lastumschalter ausgebildet sind.

It can be provided that each of the proposed on-load tap-changer comprises

• a second diverter switch associated with the second selector;
• a third diverter switch associated with the third selector;

in which

• the second and the third diverter switch are designed in particular as the first diverter switch.

• der Motorantrieb an den zweiten und den dritten Wähler und/oder den zweiten und den dritten Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist.

It can be provided that

• the motor drive is coupled to the second and third selectors and / or the second and third diverter switches.

• eine zweite Abtriebswelle, über die der Motorantrieb an den zweiten Wähler und/oder den zweiten Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist; und/oder
• eine dritte Abtriebswelle, über die der Motorantrieb an den dritten Wähler und/oder den dritten Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist; und/oder
• ein zweites Getriebe, über das der Motorantrieb an die zweite Abtriebswelle oder an den zweiten Wähler und/oder den zweiten Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist; und/oder
• ein drittes Getriebe, über das der Motorantrieb an die dritte Abtriebswelle oder an den dritten Wähler und/oder den dritten Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist; und/oder
• eine zweite Antriebswelle, über die der Motorantrieb an das zweite Getriebe gekoppelt ist; und/oder
• eine dritte Antriebswelle, über die der Motorantrieb an das dritte Getriebe gekoppelt ist.

It can be provided that each of the proposed on-load tap-changer comprises

• a second output shaft via which the motor drive is coupled to the second selector and / or the second diverter switch; and or
• a third output shaft via which the motor drive is coupled to the third selector and / or the third diverter switch; and or
• a second transmission via which the motor drive is coupled to the second output shaft or to the second selector and / or the second diverter switch; and or
• a third gear via which the motor drive is coupled to the third output shaft or to the third selector and / or the third diverter switch; and or
• a second drive shaft via which the motor drive is coupled to the second transmission; and or
• a third drive shaft via which the motor drive is coupled to the third gear is.

• einen zweiten Motorantrieb, der an den zweiten Wähler und/oder den zweiten Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist;
• einen dritten Motorantrieb, der an den dritten Wähler und/oder den dritten Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist;

wobei

• der zweite und der dritte Motorantrieb insbesondere wie der erste Motorantrieb ausgebildet sind; und/oder
• die Kopplungen des zweiten und des dritten Motorantriebs an die jeweils zugeordneten Wähler und/oder Lastumschalter insbesondere wie die Kopplung des ersten Motorantriebs an den ersten Wähler und/oder den ersten Lastumschalter erfolgen.

It can be provided that each of the proposed on-load tap-changer comprises

• a second motor drive coupled to the second selector and / or the second diverter switch;
• a third motor drive coupled to the third selector and / or the third diverter switch;

in which

• the second and the third motor drive are designed in particular as the first motor drive; and or
• the couplings of the second and the third motor drive to the respectively assigned selector and / or diverter switch, in particular the coupling of the first motor drive to the first selector and / or the first diverter switch.

• die Motorantriebe insbesondere durch mechanische und/oder elektronische Kopplung, synchronisiert sind.

It can be provided that

• the motor drives are synchronized in particular by mechanical and / or electronic coupling.

• die erste Wicklung eine Regelwicklung mit geradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen und eine Stammwicklung aufweist und die zweite Wicklung eine Regelwicklung mit ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen und eine Stammwicklung aufweist;
• die erste Wicklung und die zweite Wicklung mit den Regelwicklungen der geradzahligen und der ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen induktiv gekoppelt sind;
• der Laststufenschalter einen ersten Wählerteil und einen zweiten Wählerteil zum abwechselnd leistungslosen Vorwählen der zu beschaltenden geradzahligen oder ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen aufweist.

According to a second aspect, the invention proposes a voltage-regulating tapped transformer which comprises a, in particular first, on-load tap-changer, which is designed in particular according to the first aspect, and at least one phase to be regulated, which has a first winding and a second winding

• the first winding has a control winding with even-numbered winding taps and a main winding, and the second winding has a control winding with odd-numbered winding taps and a main winding;
• the first winding and the second winding are inductively coupled to the control windings of the even-numbered and odd-numbered winding taps;
• the on-load tap-changer has a first selector part and a second selector part for preselecting the even-numbered or even-numbered winding taps to be connected alternately without power.

The voltage-regulating stage transformer proposed according to the second aspect of the invention comprises a, in particular first, on-load tap-changer, which is designed in particular according to the first aspect, and at least one phase to be regulated, which has a first winding and a second winding. The first winding has a regular winding with even winding taps and a main winding on. The second winding has a control winding with odd-numbered winding taps and a main winding. The first winding and the second winding are inductively coupled to the control windings of the even and odd winding taps. The on-load tap-changer has a first selector part and a second selector part for alternately powerless preselection of the even-numbered or even-numbered winding taps to be connected.

• der erste Wählerteil und der zweite Wählerteil jeweils zwei Wählerarme für die Wicklungsanzapfungen einer jeden Regelwicklung aufweist;
• wobei jeder Wählerarm des ersten oder zweiten Wählerteils mit jeweils einer Ableitschiene und mit jeweils einem Stufenkontakt der entsprechenden Regelwicklung elektrisch leitend verbunden ist;
• wobei jede Ableitschiene mit dem Laststufenschalter elektrisch leitend verbunden ist.

It can be provided that

• the first selector part and the second selector part each have two selector arms for the winding taps of each control winding;
• wherein each selector arm of the first or second selector part is electrically connected to a respective arrester rail and each having a step contact of the corresponding control winding;
• wherein each discharge bar is electrically connected to the on-load tap-changer.

The first selector part and the second selector part each have two selector arms for the winding taps of each control winding. Each selector arm of the first or second selector part is electrically conductively connected, each with a discharge bar, to a respective step contact of the corresponding control winding. Each discharge bar is electrically connected to the on-load tap-changer.

• ein, insbesondere erstes, Getriebe mit einem, insbesondere ersten, Motorantrieb zur Betätigung des ersten Wählerteils und des zweiten Wählerteils vorgesehen ist, und/oder
• jeder Laststufenschalter einer jeden Phase mit einem gemeinsamen Motorantrieb verbunden ist; und/oder
• der Stufentransformator als Trockentransformator ausgebildet ist.

It can be provided that

• a, in particular first, transmission is provided with a, in particular first, motor drive for actuating the first selector part and the second selector part, and / or
• each on-load tap-changer of each phase is connected to a common motor drive; and or
• the tapped transformer is designed as a dry-type transformer.

A, in particular first, transmission is provided with a, in particular first, motor drive to effect an actuation of the first selector part and the second selector part. Each on-load tap-changer of each phase is connected to a common motor drive. The tapped transformer is designed as a dry-type transformer.

• eine zweite und eine dritte zu regelnde Phase, die insbesondere wie die erste zu regelnde Phase ausgebildet sind;

wobei

• die Phasen in den Ecken eines ersten, insbesondere gleichseitigen, Dreiecks insbesondere symmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sind;
• der Laststufenschalter umfasst
  • für die zweite Phase einen zweiten Wähler;
  • für die dritte Phase einen dritten Wähler;
• der zweite und der dritte Wähler insbesondere wie der erste Wähler ausgebildet sind;
• die Wähler in den Ecken eines zweiten Dreiecks angeordnet sind.

According to a first alternative, it may be provided that each of the proposed tapped transformers comprises

• a second and a third phase to be regulated, in particular as the first to regulating phase are formed;

in which

• the phases in the corners of a first, in particular equilateral, triangle are arranged in particular symmetrically to each other;
• the on-load tap-changer comprises
  • for the second phase, a second voter;
  • for the third phase, a third voter;
• the second and third voters are in particular how the first voter is trained;
• the voters are arranged in the corners of a second triangle.

Preferably, the second triangle is equilateral and the voters are arranged in the corners symmetrical to each other. The symmetry axis of the second equilateral triangle is in particular coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the first triangle.

• eine zweite und eine dritte zu regelnde Phase, die insbesondere wie die erste zu regelnde Phase ausgebildet sind;
• für die zweite Phase einen zweiten Laststufenschalter und für die dritte Phase einen dritten Laststufenschalter, die insbesondere wie der erste Laststufenschalter ausgebildet sind;

wobei

• die Phasen in den Ecken eines ersten, insbesondere gleichseitigen Dreiecks insbesondere symmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sind;
• die Laststufenschalter in den Ecken eines zweiten Dreiecks angeordnet sind.

According to a second alternative, it may be provided that each of the proposed tapped transformers comprises

• a second and a third phase to be regulated, designed in particular like the first phase to be regulated;
• for the second phase, a second on-load tap changer and for the third phase a third on-load tap changer, which are designed in particular like the first on-load tap changer;

in which

• the phases are arranged in the corners of a first, in particular equilateral triangle in particular symmetrically to each other;
• the on-load tap changers are arranged in the corners of a second triangle.

Preferably, the second triangle is equilateral and the on-load tap-changer are arranged in the corners symmetrical to each other. The symmetry axis of the second equilateral triangle is in particular coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the first triangle.

These tapped transformers according to the two alternatives are thus temple transformers and are similar to the example DE 40 29 097 A1 . US 5 202 664 A . EP 1 277 217 B1 . EP 2 367 181 A1 and US 2013 328,652 A1 known temple transformers. In these step transformers, the three on-load tap changers or the three selectors can be simply assigned to the phases such that for each phase-load tap-changer pair or phase-selector pair, analog or similar or equal connection ratios given and in particular short connection lines are possible.

• für jede Phase einen Motorantrieb, der an den jeweiligen Wähler und/oder den jeweiligen Lastumschalter gekoppelt ist;

wobei

• die Motorantriebe in den Ecken eines dritten Dreiecks angeordnet sind.

In both alternatives, it may be provided that the tapped transformer comprises

• for each phase, a motor drive coupled to the respective selector and / or the respective diverter switch;

in which

• the motor drives are arranged in the corners of a third triangle.

Preferably, the third triangle is equilateral and the motor drive are arranged in the corners symmetrical to each other. The axis of symmetry of the third equilateral triangle is in particular coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the first equilateral triangle and / or with the axis of symmetry of the second equilateral triangle.

• lastloses Vorwählen einer zu beschaltenden geradzahligen oder ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfung einer Regelwicklung einer ersten oder einer zweiten Wicklung;
• Umschalten auf die vorgewählte geradzahlige oder ungeradzahlige Wicklungsanzapfung der ersten oder zweiten Wicklung mittels eines einzigen Lastumschalters.

A method proposed according to a third aspect of the invention for carrying out a changeover in a voltage-regulating tapped transformer, which is designed in particular according to the third aspect, comprises the following steps:

• no-load preselection of an even-numbered or even-numbered winding tap to be connected to a control winding of a first or a second winding;
• Switching to the preselected even or odd winding tap of the first or second winding by means of a single diverter switch.

• die geradzahligen oder ungeradzahligen Wicklungsanzapfungen einer Regelwicklung der ersten oder zweiten Wicklung abwechselnd vorgewählt und beschaltet werden.

It can be provided that

• the even or odd winding taps of a control winding of the first or second winding are alternately preselected and connected.

The even or odd winding taps of a control winding of the first or second winding are alternately preselected and connected.

The statements and explanations concerning one of the aspects of the invention, in particular regarding individual features of this aspect, apply correspondingly also analogously to the other aspects of the invention.

FIG. 1

eine erste Ausführungsform eines Stufentransformators mit einem Laststufenschalter in einer ersten Ausführungsform;

FIG. 2a - 2g

den Ablauf einer Umschaltung in dem Stufentransformator der FIG. 1 zur Spannungsregelung;

FIG. 3

eine erste Ausführungsform eines Lastumschalters für einen Laststufenschalter;

FIG. 4

eine Betätigungssequenz des Lastumschalters der FIG. 3;

FIG. 5

eine zweite Ausführungsform des Lastumschalters;

FIG. 6

eine dritte Ausführungsform des Lastumschalters;

FIG. 7

eine vierte Ausführungsform des Lastumschalters;

FIG. 8

eine konstruktive Gestaltung von drei Laststufenschaltern gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform;

FIG. 9

eine Detailansicht des Wählers eines der Laststufenschalter der FIG. 8;

FIG. 10

eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Stufentransformators mit einem Laststufenschalter in einer dritten Ausführungsform.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the individual features resulting therefrom are not limited to the individual embodiments, but can be connected and / or combined with individual features described above and / or with individual features of other embodiments. The details in the drawings are to be interpreted as illustrative, but not restrictive. The in the claims The reference numerals contained herein are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, but merely refer to the embodiments shown in the drawings. The drawings show in

FIG. 1

a first embodiment of a tapped transformer with an on-load tap-changer in a first embodiment;

FIG. 2a - 2g

the sequence of a changeover in the tapped transformer the FIG. 1 for voltage regulation;

FIG. 3

a first embodiment of a diverter switch for an on-load tap-changer;

FIG. 4

an actuating sequence of the diverter switch of FIG. 3 ;

FIG. 5

a second embodiment of the diverter switch;

FIG. 6

a third embodiment of the diverter switch;

FIG. 7

a fourth embodiment of the diverter switch;

FIG. 8th

a structural design of three on-load tap changers according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 9

a detailed view of the selector one of the on-load tap-changer FIG. 8th ;

FIG. 10

a second embodiment of a tapped transformer with an on-load tap changer in a third embodiment.

For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments are merely examples of how the stepper transformer according to the invention with on-load tap-changer can be and thus do not represent a final limitation of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a tapped transformer 15 with an on-load tap-changer 10 in a first embodiment. The step transformer 15 usually has three phases 16, 17, 18, wherein here only a first phase 16 is shown. Each phase 16, 17, 18 consists of a first winding 20 and a second winding 30, which are inductively coupled together. The first winding 20 consists of a control winding 21 and a main winding 22. The control winding 21 has even-numbered winding taps 23. The second winding 30 also has a control winding 31 and a main winding 32. The control winding 31 of the second winding 30 has odd-numbered winding taps 33.

The on-load tap-changer 10 has a selector 40 and a diverter switch 60. The selector 40 consists of a first selector portion 41 and a second selector portion 46, both of which are of linear construction. The two selector parts 41, 46 do not necessarily have to be linear, but may for example also be arranged in a circle, distributed over several levels. The first selector part 41 has step contacts 44 which are electrically connected to the even-numbered winding taps 23 of the control winding 21 of the first winding 20. The second selector part 46 has tap contacts 49 which are electrically connected to the odd-numbered winding taps 33 of the control winding 31 of the second winding 30.

Furthermore, the first selector part 41 has a first discharge rail 51 and a second discharge rail 52. The second selector part 46 also has a first discharge rail 53 and a second discharge rail 54. Between each discharge rail 51, 52, 53, 54 and the step contacts 44, 49, a selector arm 42, 43, 47, 48 is arranged, which has an electrically conductive connection between an even-numbered winding tap 23, 33 and an associated discharge rail 51, 52, 53, 54 produces. The discharge rails 51, 52, 53, 54 are also electrically connected to the diverter switch 60.

The diverter switch 60 consists of a first and a second switching side 60A, 60B, which may be either open or closed, that is, a current I lead or interrupt. These states are represented in this view by simple, individual switch symbols, but may be composed of a plurality of switching devices connected in parallel and in series.

The diverter switch 60 may be formed as desired in any manner, for example, according to one of the below with reference to FIG. 3 and 5 to 7 described embodiments.

In the in FIG. 1 shown position are individual stages contacts 44, 49 of the first and the second selector part 41, 46 and thus also the first and the second winding 20, 30 connected to each other conductively. Here is a tap contact 44 with the number 6 on the second selector arm 43 connected to the second discharge rail 52 of the first selector part 41. Since the second switching side 60B is closed, the second diverter rail 52 of the first selector part 41 is connected to the first diverter rail 53 of the second selector part 46. Here, there is an electrically conductive connection between the first diverter rail 53 and the stage contact 49 with the number 5 via the first selector arm 47. Since the first switching side 60A is opened, the first diverter rail 51 of the first selector part 41 and the second diverter rail 54 of the second selector part 46 separated from each other.

In the FIG. 2a - 2g is the sequence of switching to voltage regulation in the tapped transformer 15 of FIG. 1 shown.

In the FIG. 2a It is shown that the current flows from the main winding 22 of the first winding 20 to the even winding tap 23 with the number 6 of the control winding 23 to the step contact 44 with the number 6 of the first selector part 41. Since the second switching side 60B is conductive, the current flows from the stepped contact 44 with the number 6 via the second selector arm 43 to the second diverter rail 52 and thus to the second switching side 60B. After that, the second switching side 60B connects the second diverter rail 52 of the first selector part 41 to the first diverter rail 53 of the second selector part 46 via its selector arm 47 to the step contact 49 with the number 5. The tap contact 49 is connected to the odd numbered winding tap 33 with the number 5 of FIG second winding 30 connected.

In order to switch on an even winding tap 22 of the first winding tap 20, first the first selector arm 42 of the first selector part 41 is driven to the next stage contact 44 to be connected with the number 4 of the first selector part 41 without power and the second selector arm 48 of the second selector part 46 the already contacted by the first selector arm 47 of the second selector part 46 stage contact 49 with the number 5. By a suitable switching sequence or actuation sequence ( FIG. 4 ) of the switching means of the diverter switch 60, the switching side 60A is now closed and the switching side 60B is opened. The exact configurations of possible diverter switch 60 and their operating sequences are based on the FIG. 3 to 7 be explained. Thus, a conductive connection is made from the even-numbered winding tap 23 with the number 4 via the step contact 44 with the number 4 of the first selector part 41, the first selector arm 42, the first discharge rail 51, the first switching branch 60A, the second discharge rail 54 of the second selection part 46 , the second selector arm 48 and the stage contact 49 with the number 5 made, which with the odd number Winding tap 33 is connected to the number 5, as in FIG. 2c is shown.

If now another winding tapping is switched on, FIG. 2d , An odd-numbered winding tap 33 of the control winding 31 is used for this purpose. For this purpose, the second selector arm 43 of the first selector part 41 drives to the already selected by the first selector arm 42 stage contact 44 with the number 4, which is connected to the even winding taps 33. In addition, the first selector arm 47 of the second selector part 46 approaches the next stage contact 49 with the number 3 to be connected. Following this, by suitable actuation of the switching means of the diverter switch 60, the second switching side 60B is closed and the first switching side 60A is opened. This will, as in FIG. 2e can be seen, an odd-numbered winding tap 33 is switched on and the first winding 20 and the second winding 30 via the second switching side 60B connected to each other.

The next time a winding tap is connected, an even-numbered winding tap 23 is used again, as in FIG FIG. 2f is shown. Here, the first selector arm 42 of the first selector part 41 selects the next stage contact 44, which is connected to the even-numbered winding tap 23 of the control winding 21 of the first winding 20. In addition, the second selector arm 48 selects the stepped contact 49 already approached by the first selector arm 47. By opening the second switching side 60B and closing the first switching side 60A, the last even winding tap 23 is switched on, as in FIG FIG. 2g you can see. In general, the switching on and off is always alternately between the even and the odd winding taps 23, 33rd

In FIG. 3 1 is a first embodiment of a diverter switch 60 for an on-load tap-changer 10, which is designed, for example, according to the first embodiment. This has a first switching side 60A and a second switching side 60B. The first switching side 60A, when closed, connects the first diverter rail 51 of the first selector part 41 and the second diverter rail 54 of the second selector part 46. The second switch side 60B, in the closed state, connects the first diverter rail 53 of the second selector part 46 and the second diverter rail 52 of the first selector part 41. Both switching sides 60A, 60B have a first and a second switching branch 61, 62, 63, 64, which are arranged parallel to one another. In each first switching branch 61, 63, a vacuum interrupter MSVa or MSVb acting as a main contact is arranged. In each second switching branch 62, 64 is arranged a resistance contact acting vacuum interrupter TTVa or TTVb and a resistor Ra or Rb arranged in series are switched. Before the switching branches 61, 62, 63, 64, a mechanical switch MDCa or MDCb is designed as a disconnector. The circuit breakers are not used for commutation, but for activation, ie the galvanic separation of the non-load current leading load branch.

In this embodiment, the resistors Ra, Rb are formed as a cast iron resistor.

• MDCb schließt
• MSVa öffnet
• TTVb schließt
• TTVa öffnet
• MSVb schließt
• MDCa öffnet; die Umschaltung ist abgeschlossen.

FIG. 4 shows an actuation sequence of the in FIG. 3 illustrated load changeover switch 60 after the preselection operation of the first and second selector part 41, 46. The changeover in the diverter switch 60 takes place in the following steps:

• MDCb closes
• MSVa opens
• TTVb closes
• TTVa opens
• MSVb closes
• MDCa opens; the switchover is complete.

FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a diverter switch 60 for an on-load tap-changer 10. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below the differences are explained in more detail below.

In this embodiment, additional permanent main contacts MCa or MCb are provided in both switching sides 60A, 60B, which in a known manner in steady state operation take over the continuous current and relieve the respective main contact acting vacuum interrupter MSVa or MSVb. Such an additional arrangement of permanent main contacts MCa or MCb is in the context of the invention of course also possible in the further explained embodiments of the invention. The order in which the individual vacuum interrupters and mechanical switches are actuated can be determined freely.

FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of a diverter switch 60 for an on-load tap-changer 10. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that in the following all the differences are explained in more detail.

In this embodiment, the mechanical switch MDCa or MDCb is different from the first embodiment in FIG FIG. 3 in series with the vacuum interrupter MSVa or MSVb in the first switching branches 61, 63 and additionally a second mechanical switch TDCa or TDCb in series with the vacuum interrupter TTVa or TTVb in the second switching branches 62, 64 arranged. The order in which the individual vacuum interrupters and mechanical switches are actuated can be determined freely.

FIG. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of a diverter switch 60 for an on-load tap-changer 10. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that in the following all the differences are explained in more detail.

In this embodiment, n is a resistor Ra, Rb arranged in each first switching branch 61, 63, and vacuum interrupters MSVa, MSVb in each second switching branch 62, 64. Before the switching branches 61, 62, 63, 64, a mechanical switch MDCa, MDCb as a disconnector and acting as a resistance contacts vacuum interrupters TTVa, TTVb are connected in series. The order in which the individual vacuum interrupters and mechanical switches are actuated can be determined freely.

FIG. 8th shows three on-load tap changers, namely a first on-load tap-changer 10, a second on-load tap-changer 55 and a third on-load tap-changer 56 in a second embodiment, which are used for a three-phase tapped transformer 15. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.

In this embodiment, at each on-load tap-changer 10, 55, 56, the first and second selector parts 41, 46 of the respective selector (see FIG FIG. 9 ), namely, the first selector 40, the second selector 45, and the third selector 50 are driven via a transmission directly below, namely, a first transmission 70, a second transmission 36, and a third transmission 37. Under each gear 70, 36, 37 resistors 67 of the two switching sides 60A, 60B are arranged. In addition to each transmission 70, 36, 37 and the respective resistors 67, a diverter switch, namely a first diverter switch 60, a second diverter switch 38 and a third diverter switch 39 is mounted, which is likewise actuated via the respective gear 70, 36, 37. All on-load tap-changers 10, 55, 56 are or are connected via a common linkage 71 to a common motor drive 72.

In this embodiment, the resistors 67 are each formed as a cast iron resistor and each comprise the resistors Ra, Rb of the respective diverter switch 60, 38, 39. Each diverter switch 60, 38, 39 is here by way of example according to the in FIG. 3 formed in the first embodiment shown, but can also according to the in the FIG. 5 shown second embodiment or in the FIG. 6 shown third embodiment or in the FIG. 7 shown fourth embodiment or as needed also be formed in other ways.

In this embodiment, each on-load tap-changer 10, 55, 56 comprises two electrically insulating uprights 11 each having an upper stator end 12 and a lower stator end 13 which is fixed to a base 14 which is at ground potential. The base 14 is here an example of part of the tapped transformer 15, but may also be part of at least one of the on-load tap-changer 10, 55, 56. The selectors 40, 45, 50 are respectively attached to the respective upper stator ends 12 and disposed above the respective upper stator ends 12. The diverter switches 60, 38, 39 are respectively fixed to the upper respective stator ends 12 and disposed above the respective upper stator ends 12 and below the respective selector 40, 45, 50. The gears 70, 36, 37 are respectively secured to the respective upper stator ends 12 and disposed above the respective upper stator ends 12 and below the respective selector 40, 45, 50 and above the resistors 67.

In this embodiment, the linkage 71 comprises electrically isolating distribution shafts extending substantially horizontally from the motor drive 72 to the pedestal 14 and further in the pedestal 14 to below the pedestals 11 of the respective on-load tap changers 10, 55, 56, as well as for each on-load tap-changer 10 , 55, 56 an electrically insulating drive shaft, namely a first, a second and a third drive shaft 19, 34, 35, each extending substantially vertically from the base 14 to the respective transmission 70, 36, 37. Each drive shaft 19, 34, 35 is coupled on the one hand in the base 14 to one of the distribution shafts and on the other hand to the respective transmission 70, 36, 37. The drive shafts 19, 34, 35 extend here between the two respective uprights 11, but they can also extend through one of the respective uprights 11 from its lower stator end 13 to its upper stator end 12.

But it is also possible that the gear 70, 36, 37 are respectively attached to the respective lower stator ends 13 and below the respective lower stator ends 13, in particular in the base 14, are arranged and that the linkage 71 instead of the drive shafts 19, 34, 35 for each on-load tap-changer 10, 55, 56 comprises an electrically isolated output shaft, not shown, each substantially vertical from the respective transmission 70, 36, 37 to the respective selector 40, 45, 50 and the respective diverter switch 60, 38, 39 run. Each transmission 70, 36, 37 is coupled in the base 14 to one of the distribution shafts, and each output shaft is on the one hand to the respective transmission 70, 36, 37 and on the other hand to the respective selector 40, 45, 50 and respective diverter switch 60, 38, 39 is coupled. The output shafts extend here between the two respective uprights 11, but they can also extend through one of the respective uprights 11 from its lower stator end 13 to its upper stator end 12.

But it is also possible that instead of the common motor drive 72, the distribution shafts and the gear 70, 36, 37 each on-load tap-changer 10, 55, 56 comprises a motor drive, not shown, attached to the respective lower stator ends 13 and below the respective lower Stand ends 13, in particular in the base 14, is arranged. Each output shaft is coupled on the one hand to the respective motor drive and on the other hand to the respective selector 40, 45, 50 and the respective diverter switch 60, 38, 39. As a result, a direct drive is thus created for each on-load tap-changer 10, 55, 56. The motor drives are preferably synchronized by mechanical and / or electronic coupling.

FIG. 9 shows a detailed view of the first on-load tap-changer 10 FIG. 8th , Here are the first and the second selector part 41, 46 shown. The step contacts 44, 49, which are contacted by the selector arms 42, 43, 47, 48, are linearly mounted in the vertical direction on Isolierstäben 73. The selector arms 42, 43, 47, 48 can be moved via spindles or belts in the vertical direction.

In the FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the tapped transformer 15 with an on-load tap-changer 10 in a third embodiment. This second embodiment of the step-up transformer 15 is similar to the first embodiment, and this third embodiment of the on-load tap-changer 10 is similar to the second embodiment, so that in the following the differences are explained in detail.

In this embodiment, the phases 16, 17, 18 of the tapped transformer 15 are arranged symmetrically to one another in the corners of a first equilateral triangle 24 with an axis of symmetry 25 passing through its center of gravity, as in a temple transformer. The step transformer 15 comprises the one on-load tap-changer 10 in common for the three phases 16, 17, 18, which is designed as a three-phase on-load tap-changer 10.

In this embodiment, the on-load tap changer 10 for the second phase 17 comprises a second selector 45 and a second diverter switch 38 and for the third phase 18 a third selector 50 and a third diverter switch 39. These two selectors 45, 50 are formed like the first selector 40 , and these two diverter switches 38, 39 are as the device first diverter switch 60 is formed. The selectors 40, 45, 50 and the diverter switches 60, 38, 39 are arranged symmetrically to each other in the corners of a second equilateral triangle 26 with an axis of symmetry 27 passing through its center of gravity.

In this embodiment, the on-load tap-changer 10 comprises for each phase 16, 17, 18 a motor drive, namely a first motor drive 72, a second motor drive 68 and a third motor drive 69, each via a linkage 71 to the respective selector 40, 45, 50 and the respective diverter switch 60, 38, 39 are coupled. The motor drives 72, 68, 69 are arranged, for example, symmetrically to one another in the corners of a third equilateral triangle 28 with an axis of symmetry 29 passing through its center of gravity. However, for example, they can also be located under the respective selectors 40, 45, 50 and the respective load changeover switches 60, 38, 39 and thus be arranged in the corners of the second equilateral triangle 26.

The symmetry axes 25, 27, 29 are coaxial with each other.

The step-up transformer 15 comprises, for each phase 16, 17, 18, connecting lines 65 which electrically connect the step contacts 44 of the first selector part 41 of the respective selector 40, 45, 50 with the even-numbered winding taps 23 of the control winding 21 of the respective first winding 20, and connection lines 66, the step contacts 49 of the second selector part 46 of the respective selector 40, 45, 50 with the odd-numbered winding taps 33 of the control winding 31 of the respective second winding 30 electrically conductively connect.

reference numeral

10

first on-load tap-changer

11

stand

12

upper stator end of 11

13

lower end of 11

14

base

15

step transformer

16

first phase

17

second phase

18

third phase

19

first drive shaft

20

first winding

21

Rule winding of 20

22

Main winding of 20

23

even-numbered winding taps of 21

24

first triangle

25

Symmetry axis of 24

26

second triangle

27

Symmetry axis of 26

28

third triangle

29

Symmetry axis of 28

30

second winding

31

Rule winding of 30

32

Main winding of 30

33

odd-numbered winding taps of 31

34

second drive shaft

35

third drive shaft

36

second gear

37

third gear

38

second diverter switch

39

third diverter switch

40

first voter

41

first voter part of 40

42

first voter arm of 41

43

second voter arm of 41

44

Step contacts of 41

45

second voter

46

second selector part of 40

47

first voter arm of 46

48

second voter arm of 46

49

Step contacts of 46

50

third voter

51

first discharge rail of 41

52

second discharge rail of 41

53

first discharge rail of 46

54

second discharge rail of 46

55

second on-load tap-changer

56

third on-load tap-changer

60

first diverter switch

60A / 60B

first / second switch side of 60

61

first switching branch of 60A

62

second switching branch of 60A

63

first switching branch of 60B

64

second switching branch of 60B

65

Connecting cables for 44

66

Connecting cables for 49

67

Resistance of 60A / 60B

68

second motor drive

69

third motor drive

70

first transmission

71

linkage

72

first motor drive

73

Insulating

TTVa / TTVb

Vacuum interrupter of 60A / 60B

MSVa / MSVB

Vacuum interrupter of 60A / 60B

MDCA / MDCB

mechanical switch of 60A / 60B

TDCA / TDCb

mechanical switch of 60A / 60B

MCa / MCb

Permanent main contact of 60A / 60B

Ra / Rb

Resistance of 60A / 60B

I

current flow

Claims (15)

1. An on-load tap changer (10) for the voltage regulation of a tapped transformer (15) wherein

   - the tapped transformer (15) has at least one phase (16) to be regulated, which phase (16) has a first winding (20) and a second winding (30);

   - the first winding (20) has a regulating winding (21) with even-numbered winding taps (23) and a main winding (22), said even-numbered winding taps (23) being numbered consecutively with even-numbered numbers (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14);

   - the second winding (30) has a regulating winding (31) with odd-numbered winding taps (33) and a main winding (32), said odd-numbered winding taps (33) being numbered consecutively with odd-numbered numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13);

   - the first winding (20) and the second winding (30) are inductively coupled;

   - the on-load tap changer (10) has a selector (40) for the alternating power-free preselection of the even-numbered or odd-numbered winding taps (23, 33) to be switched, wherein

   - the selector (40) has a first selector part (41) for the regulating winding (21) with the even-numbered winding taps (23) and a second selector part (46) for the regulating winding (31) with the odd-numbered winding taps (33) for the power-free preselection of the winding taps (23, 33) to be switched, wherein

   - the first selector part (41) has a first and a second selector arm (42, 43) for the even-numbered winding taps (23);

   - the second selector part (46) has a first and a second selector arm (47, 48) for the odd-numbered winding taps (33);

   - the first selector part (41) is electrically conductively connected with the even-numbered winding taps (23) via step contacts (44);

   - the second selector part (46) is electrically conductively connected with the odd-numbered winding taps (33) via step contacts (49);

   - each selector arm (42, 43, 47, 48) is electrically conductively connected with respectively one dissipation rail (51, 52, 53, 54) and with respectively one step contact (44, 49) of the corresponding regulating winding (21, 31);

   - each dissipation rail (51, 52, 53, 54) is electrically conductively connected with a load diverter switch (60) for carrying out the switchover between the even-numbered or the odd-numbered winding taps (23, 33), respectively, of the regulating windings (21, 31) preselected load-free by the selector (40);

   - the first selector arm (42) of the first selector part (41) is mechanically coupled to the second selector arm (48) of the second selector part (46);

   - the first selector arm (47) of the second selector part (46) is mechanically coupled to the second selector arm (43) of the first selector part (41);

   - the first selector arm (42) of the first selector part (41) is movable independently from the second selector arm (43) of the first selector part (41);

   - the first selector arm (47) of the second selector part (46) is movable independently from the second selector arm (48) of the second selector part (46).
2. The on-load tap changer (10) according to the previous claim, wherein

   - the first selector arm (42) of the first selector part (41) is movable independently from the first selector arm (47) of the second selector part (46);

   - the second selector arm (43) of the first selector part (41) is movable independently from the second selector arm (48) of the second selector part (46);

   - the step contacts (44) being connected with the even-numbered winding taps (23), are linearly arranged in the vertical direction;

   - the step contacts (49) being connected with the odd-numbered winding taps (33), are linearly arranged in the vertical direction;

   - the selector arms (42, 43, 47, 48) are linearly movable in the vertical direction;

   - the load diverter switch (60) has a first switching side (60A) and a second switching side (60B);

   - the first switching side (60A) disconnects or connects, respectively, the first dissipation rail (51) of the first selector part (41) and the second dissipation rail (54) of the second selector part (46);

   - the second switching side (60B) disconnects or connects, respectively, the second dissipation rail (52) of the first selector part (41) and the first dissipation rail (53) of the second selector part (46).
3. The on-load tap changer (10) according to claim 2, wherein

   - each switching side (60A, 60B) has at least one mechanical switch (MDCa, MDCb), two vacuum switching tubes (TTVa, TTVb, MSVa, MSVb), and one resistor (Ra, Rb);

   - each mechanical switch (MDCa, MDCb) is connected in series with a first switching branch (61, 63) with a vacuum switching tube (MSVa, MSVb) and with a parallel second switching branch (62, 64) with a vacuum switching tube (TTVa, TTVb) and a resistor (Ra, Rb) connected in series therewith.
4. The on-load tap changer (10) according to claim 2, wherein

   - each switching side (60A, 60B) has at least one mechanical switch (MDCa, MDCb, TDCa, TDCb), two vacuum switching tubes (TTVa, TTVb, MSVa, MSVb), and one resistor (Ra, Rb);

   - a first switching branch (61, 63) is connected in parallel to a second switching branch (62, 64);

   - the first switching branch (61, 63) has a mechanical switch (MDCa, MDCb) and a vacuum switching tube (MSVa, MSVb) connected in series;

   - the second switching branch (62, 64) has a mechanical switch (TDCa, TDCb), a vacuum switching tube (TTVa, TTVb), and a resistor (Ra, Rb) connected in series.
5. The on-load tap changer (10) according to the claim preceding the claim prior to the previous claim wherein

   - each switching side (60A, 60B) has at least one mechanical switch (MDCa, MDCb), two vacuum switching tubes (TTVa, TTVb, MSVa, MSVb), and one resistor (Ra, Rb);

   - each mechanical switch (MDCa, MDCb) is connected in series with a vacuum switching tube (TTVa, TTVb) and is connected in series with a first switching branch (61, 63) with a resistor (Ra, Rb) and with a second switching branch (62, 64) with a vacuum switching tube (MSVa, MSVb);

   - the first and the second switching branch (61, 62, 63, 64) are connected in parallel.
6. The on-load tap changer (10) according to one of the previous claims wherein

   - each switching side (60A, 60B) has a permanent main contact (MCa, MCb), which is connected in parallel to the first and second switching branch (61, 62, 63, 64) and which directly conductively disconnects from each other or conductively connects with each other, respectively, the first and the second dissipation rail (51, 52, 53, 54).
7. The on-load tap changer (10) according to one of the previous claims, comprising

   - a motor drive (72), which is coupled to the selector (40) and/or to the load diverter switch (60); and/or

   - a driven shaft, via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the selector (40) and/or to the load diverter switch (60); and/or

   - a transmission (70), via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the driven shaft or to the selector (40) and/or to the load diverter switch (60); and/or

   - a drive shaft (19), via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the transmission (70).
8. The on-load tap changer (10) according to one of the previous claims, comprising

   - an electrically insulating post (11) with an upper post end (12) and a lower post end (13), which can be fixed to a base (14) that is at ground potential;

   wherein

   - the selector (40) is fixed to the upper post end (12) and arranged above the upper post end (12); and/or

   - the load diverter switch (60) is fixed to the upper post end (12) and arranged above the upper post end (12), in particular below the selector (40); and/or

   - the transmission (70) is fixed to the upper post end (12) and arranged above the upper post end (12), in particular below the selector (40) and/or above the resistors (67), or fixed to the lower post end (13) and arranged below the lower post end (13), in particular in the base (14); and/or

   - the motor drive (72) is fixed to the lower post end (13) and arranged below the lower post end (13); and/or

   - the drive shaft (19) or the driven shaft runs through the post (11) from the lower post end (13) to the upper post end (12).
9. The on-load tap changer (10) according to one of the previous claims wherein

   - each resistor (Ra, Rb, 67) is formed as a cast iron resistor.
10. The on-load tap changer (10) according to one of the previous claims, comprising

    - a second selector (45) for a second phase (17) to be regulated of the tapped transformer (15);

    - a third selector (50) for a third phase (18) to be regulated of the tapped transformer (15);

    - a second load diverter switch (38), which is assigned to the second selector (45);

    - a third load diverter switch (39), which is assigned to the third selector (50);

    wherein

    - the selectors (40, 45, 50) are arranged at the corners of a triangle (26);

    - the motor drive (72) is coupled to the second and the third selector (45, 50) and/or to the second and the third load diverter switch (38, 39),

    wherein the on-load tap changer (10) comprises

    - a second driven shaft, via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the second selector (45) and/or to the second load diverter switch (38); and/or

    - a third driven shaft, via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the third selector (50) and/or to the third load diverter switch (39); and/or

    - a second transmission (36), via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the second driven shaft or to the second selector (45) and/or to the second load diverter switch (38); and/or

    - a third transmission (37), via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the third driven shaft or to the third selector (50) and/or to the third load diverter switch (39); and/or

    - a second drive shaft (34), via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the second transmission (36); and/or

    - a third drive shaft (35), via which the motor drive (72) is coupled to the third transmission (37);

    wherein the on-load tap changer (10) comprises

    - a second motor drive (57), which is coupled to the second selector (45) and/or to the second load diverter switch (38);

    - a third motor drive (58), which is coupled to the third selector (50) and/or to the third load diverter switch (39);

    wherein

    - the motor drives (72, 57, 58) are synchronized, in particular, by way of mechanical and/or electronic coupling.
11. A tapped transformer (15) for voltage regulation, which comprises an on-load tap changer (10), which is, in particular, formed according to one of the previous claims, and which has at least one phase (16) to be regulated, which has one first winding (20) and one second winding (30), wherein

    - the first winding (20) has a regulating winding (21) with even-numbered winding taps (23) and a main winding (22), said even-numbered winding taps (23) being numbered consecutively with even-numbered numbers (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14);

    - and the second winding (30) has a regulating winding (31) with odd-numbered winding taps (33) and a main winding (32), said odd-numbered winding taps (33) being numbered consecutively with odd-numbered numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13);

    - the first winding (20) and the second winding (30) are inductively coupled;

    - the on-load tap changer (10) has a first selector part (41) and a second selector part (46) for the alternating power-free preselection of the even-numbered or odd-numbered winding taps (23, 33) to be switched.
12. The tapped transformer (15) according to the previous claim wherein

    - a transmission (70) is provided with a motor drive (72) for activating the first selector part (41) and the second selector part (46).
13. The tapped transformer (15) according to one of the previous claims wherein

    - each on-load tap changer (10) of each one of the phases is connected with a common motor drive (72).
14. The tapped transformer (15) according to one of the previous claims, comprising

    - a second and a third phase (17, 18) to be regulated;

    wherein

    - the phases (16, 17, 18) are arranged symmetrically to each other at the corners of a first equilateral triangle (24);

    - the on-load tap changer (10) comprises

    • a second selector (45) for the second phase (17);

    • a third selector (50) for the third phase (18);

    - the selectors (40, 45, 50) are arranged at the corners of a second triangle (26); wherein the tapped transformer (15) comprises

    - a second and a third phase (17, 18) to be regulated;

    - a second on-load tap changer (55) for the second phase (17) and a third on-load tap changer (56) for the third phase (18);

    wherein

    - the phases (16, 17, 18) are arranged symmetrically to each other at the corners of a first equilateral triangle (24);

    - the on-load tap changers (10, 55, 56) are arranged at the corners of a second triangle (26);

    wherein the tapped transformer (15) comprises

    - a motor drive (72, 57, 58) for each phase (16, 17, 18), which motor drive (72, 57, 58) is coupled to the respective selector (40, 45, 50) and/or to the respective load diverter switch (60, 38, 39);

    wherein

    - the motor drives (72, 57, 58) are arranged at the corners of a third triangle (28).
15. A method for carrying out a switchover in a tapped transformer (15) for voltage regulation, which tapped transformer (15) is, in particular, formed according to one of the previous claims, wherein:

    - the tapped transformer (15) has a first winding (20) and a second winding (30);

    - the first winding (20) has a regulating winding (21) with even-numbered winding taps (23), said even-numbered winding taps (23) being numbered consecutively with even-numbered numbers (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14);

    - the second winding (30) has a regulating winding (31) with odd-numbered winding taps (33), said odd-numbered winding taps (33) being numbered consecutively with odd-numbered numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13);

    - an even-numbered or odd-numbered winding tap (23, 33) to be switched, is load-free preselected;

    - it is switched-over to the preselected even-numbered or odd-numbered winding tap (23, 33) by means of one single load diverter switch (60, 38, 39);

    - the even-numbered or odd-numbered winding taps (23, 33) are preselected and switched alternatingly.

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