EP2417357A1 - Compresseur à vis spécialement approprié pour être monté en parallèle dans des unités de compression - Google Patents

Compresseur à vis spécialement approprié pour être monté en parallèle dans des unités de compression

Info

Publication number
EP2417357A1
EP2417357A1 EP09787695A EP09787695A EP2417357A1 EP 2417357 A1 EP2417357 A1 EP 2417357A1 EP 09787695 A EP09787695 A EP 09787695A EP 09787695 A EP09787695 A EP 09787695A EP 2417357 A1 EP2417357 A1 EP 2417357A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
compression means
fluid
separation chamber
compression
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09787695A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefano Bazzato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Refcomp SpA
Original Assignee
Refcomp SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Refcomp SpA filed Critical Refcomp SpA
Publication of EP2417357A1 publication Critical patent/EP2417357A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • F04C29/026Lubricant separation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/001Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of similar working principle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/06Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/56Number of pump/machine units in operation

Definitions

  • the invention concerns an improved volumetric compressor particularly suited to be included in an air conditioning or refrigeration system for adjusting and lowering the temperature inside closed spaces.
  • the invention also concerns a compression unit obtained by connecting two or more of the above mentioned compressors in parallel.
  • the invention concerns the air conditioning or refrigeration system comprising said compression unit.
  • the above mentioned refrigeration systems substantially comprise one or more compression devices, which in technical jargon are called compressors, which pressurize a refrigerant fluid and allow it to circulate through a plurality of pipes belonging to the system itself and arranged in the closed places to be cooled.
  • This system allows part of the compressed fluid to be returned into the compressor, in such a way as to limit the quantity of the above mentioned fluid introduced in the refrigeration circuit.
  • the adjustment is not so precise as the adjustment carried out through inverter and in addition there is a loss in performance due to the fact that a portion of fluid is compressed which successively is not used by the conditioning or refrigeration cycle.
  • the inverter device makes it possible to modulate the amplitude and frequency of the electric signal suited to control the compressor device, in such a way as to vary its operating speed and thus permit differentiation of the flow rate of the refrigerant fluid that passes through the already mentioned pipes.
  • the above mentioned variation of the flow rate of the refrigerant fluid makes it possible, in fact, to modify the level of the temperature set inside a closed place, and thus to make the entire refrigeration system easy to control and adjust with greater precision.
  • the refrigeration system is started at a predefined base temperature and then the temperature is changed gradually until reaching the rated operating conditions, when all the electronic devices have been arranged as planned.
  • a first drawback is related to the high cost of the inverter device used for adjusting the high power compressors used in these particular refrigeration systems.
  • the above mentioned compressor substantially comprises a body made of a metallic material, on which it is possible to identify an intake and a delivery outlet connected at the inlet and at the outlet to the rest of the refrigeration system.
  • the metallic body comprises, in its internal part, compression means that, as already mentioned, in the form considered herein are constituted by one or more screws.
  • said compression means may comprise a single compression rotor, which in technical jargon is called “single screw”, or can be carried out with two screws meshing with each other.
  • said compression means may be provided with more than two screws.
  • the function of the above mentioned compression means is to receive, at the inlet, a low pressure fluid and compress it so that at the outlet its pressure is much higher.
  • Said outlet of the compression means is connected, through a duct, with a separation chamber in which the substances that make up the above mentioned high-pressure fluid are separated.
  • the fluid that reaches the inlet of the compression means is constituted by the refrigerant gas that successively flows through the refrigeration system and by an auxiliary fluid that is necessary to lubricate, among the other things, the above mentioned bearings, so as to reduce frictio, and cool them, since they heat up during rotation, and finally to guarantee the tightness of the meshing screws.
  • said auxiliary fluid is oil
  • auxiliary fluid is conveyed from the high pressure area, constituted by the separation chamber, to the low pressure area, which coincides with the inlet of the compression means.
  • the auxiliary circuit is provided with at least one tank suited to store the auxiliary fluid present inside the compressor.
  • a first problem that occurs following the above mentioned parallel connection is the return of the refrigerant gas flowing out of the delivery outlet of a compressor towards the delivery outlet of a second compressor in the direction opposite the normal operating direction.
  • This situation may occur at the moment when one of the two compressors connected in parallel is in operation and the other one is off.
  • the area corresponding to the outlet of the functioning compressor is under high pressure while the area of the delivery outlet of the compressor that is not in operation is under low pressure and therefore, as we have already seen, the gas tends to flow from the first to the second.
  • each compressor downstream of the delivery outlet of each compressor there is a check valve that allows only the compressed gas to flow out and prevents any flow in the opposite direction.
  • a second problem that may occur with this type of compressors connected in parallel derives from the fact that the separation of the auxiliary fluid from the refrigerant gas inside the separation chamber doesn't take place in a perfect manner.
  • a stop valve is arranged at the level of the above mentioned pipe connecting the two sumps, and said stop valve is activated when one of the two compressors is off, in such a way as to prevent the passage of the auxiliary fluid.
  • valve should said valve not work properly, there would be no other safety device suited to prevent the passage of auxiliary fluid from one compressor to the other.
  • a further drawback of the construction form just described is constituted by the rather complicated and articulated system used for connecting two compressors.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks listed above.
  • it is a first object of the invention to develop a volumetric compressor that can be connected in parallel to other compression devices of the same type with no need to introduce external elements to guarantee a correct overall operation.
  • a further object of the invention is to carry out a volumetric compressor that makes it possible to decrease and/or avoid additional costs for carrying out its connection to other compressors of the same type.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce a volumetric compressor that is safer and less liable to be damaged than the compressors carried out according to the known art.
  • a further object of the present invention is to carry out a volumetric compressor that in its internal part prevents the return of the auxiliary fluid and of the compressed gas in the direction opposite the correct operating direction.
  • a further, yet not the least object of the invention is to carry out a compressor whose structure is such as to allow the level of the auxiliary fluid inside it to be maintained substantially constant when it is connected in parallel to other compression devices of the same type.
  • the compressor that is the subject of the invention makes it possible to obtain a more flexible and economic system.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the improved compressor that is the subject of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an axonometric view of a first section plane of the compressor that is the subject of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows an axonometric view of a second section plane of the compressor that is the subject of the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows an axonometric view of the compressor unit that is the subject of the invention, consisting of two improved compressors connected in parallel;
  • - Figure 6 is a schematic view of the compression unit that is the subject of the invention;
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of the refrigeration system of the invention comprising a compression unit also belonging to the invention.
  • the improved compressor that is the subject of the invention is shown in its whole in Figures 1 and 2, where it is indicated by 1.
  • the compressor 1 may be used to compress the fluid and introduce it in a type of system different from a refrigeration system.
  • the compressor 1 that is the subject of the invention may not be of the type with screw, but be provided with different compression means, on condition that it maintains the main characteristics described in the main claim, as already stated above.
  • Another important characteristic of the compressor 1 described herein lies in that it is of the "compact" screw type, as is illustrated in greater detail below.
  • the compressor 1 of the invention consists of an external body 2 made of a metallic material, on which it is possible to identify an intake 3 connected, during installation of a generic system 200, shown in Figure 7, with an inlet duct 201 of the low pressure fluid Fb, indicated by the arrow, and a delivery outlet 4 that is placed in communication with an outlet duct 202 belonging to the same system 200 in which high pressure fluid Fa is introduced.
  • the fluid in question substantially comprises a refrigerant gas G that initially is brought to a condition of high pressure by the compressor 1 and then passes to the successive steps of the refrigeration cycle and, finally, returns to the compressor itself via the above mentioned inlet duct 201.
  • the fluid comprises an auxiliary fluid L, mixed with the above mentioned refrigerant gas G, which is necessary to reduce friction between the mechanical elements that make up the compressor 1.
  • auxiliary fluid L is oil, but it cannot be excluded that in different embodiments said fluid may be of a different type.
  • Figure 2 it comprises compression means 5 arranged downstream and communicating with the above mentioned intake 3.
  • said compression means 5 have the function of compressing the low pressure fluid Fb present at their inlet 53, so as to produce a condition of high pressure at the outlet.
  • the compression means 5 just described are of the type with screw, from which the name of the compressor derives, as already explained.
  • the compression means 5 preferably but not necessarily comprise two screws arranged on two parallel axes and meshing in such a way as to compress said fluid to be compressed and make it advance inside the air conditioning or refrigeration system 200.
  • the screw compression means 5 may comprise a single screw or they may comprise more than two screws, provided that they are carried out according to the known art.
  • the compression means 5 may not be of the type with screw, provided that they belong to the known art and that the entire compressor made up as described has the same characteristics and the same behaviour as the compressor 1 of the current embodiment.
  • Said separation chamber serves to separate the two substances, the refrigerant gas G and the auxiliary fluid L, which mixed together make up the fluid F circulating inside the system 200.
  • the above mentioned compressor 1 is called of the compact type due to the fact that it includes the separation chamber 6, differently from other types of compressor where said separation chamber is outside the metallic body 2.
  • the separation is obtained by thrusting the just compressed fluid F at high speed against the inner wall 61 of the above mentioned separation chamber 6. In this way the two substances are separated and consequently the auxiliary fluid L flows downward and the compressed gas G moves upwards.
  • Said duct 7, as specified below, is a very important element for the implementation of the present invention.
  • the compressor 1 of the invention comprises an auxiliary circuit 8 consisting of one or more pipes 81 that make it possible to place said separation chamber 6 in communication with the area 53 at the inlet of the compression means 5.
  • auxiliary circuit may comprise more than one pipe.
  • the pipe or pipes 81 has/have the function of making the auxiliary fluid L return from the separation chamber 6, in which it was separated from the gas G, to the inlet area 53 of the compression means 5.
  • This path of the auxiliary fluid L is made possible by the difference in pressure between the two distinct areas.
  • the separation chamber 6 is under high pressure, while at the inlet 53 of the compression means 5 there is a condition of low pressure.
  • the auxiliary circuit 8 is provided with an accumulation tank 82, which makes it possible to store the auxiliary fluid L present inside the compressor 1 during its various activity and inactivity stages.
  • the accumulation tanks 82 can be more than one, depending on the design needs.
  • auxiliary circuit 8 may not be provided with the above mentioned accumulation tank 82.
  • the present embodiment comprises also filtering means 9 interposed between the separation chamber 6 and the delivery outlet 5.
  • Said filtering means 9 make it possible to further "clean" the compressed refrigerant gas G removing any impurities due to the presence of very small quantities of auxiliary fluid L.
  • said filtering means 9 may not be provided, which however means compromising on the purity of the above mentioned refrigerant gas G placed in circulation in the pipes of the system 200.
  • the compressor 1 is provided with a check valve 10 inserted in said communication duct 7 that connects the compression means 5 to the separation chamber 6, in such a way as to prevent the high pressure fluid Fa from returning inside the compression means 5 flowing in the direction opposite the normal operating direction, as will be described in greater detail during the description of the installation of said compressor in a conditioning or refrigeration system 200.
  • the compressor 1 of the invention includes a solenoid valve 11 at the level of the pipe 81 belonging to the above mentioned auxiliary circuit 8 that connects the separation chamber 6 and the compression means 5.
  • Said solenoid valve 11 is closed and serves to prevent the passage of the auxiliary fluid L when the compressor 1 is not in operation.
  • the compression unit 100 comprises two compressors 1 of the invention connected in parallel.
  • the compression unit 100 may consist of more than two compressors 1 of the invention connected in parallel.
  • the above mentioned compression unit 100 is provided with an inlet duct 101 suited to connect the intakes 3 of each compressor 1 present in the compression unit.
  • the compression unit 100 is provided with an outlet duct 102 suited to connect the delivery outlets 4 of the above mentioned compressors 1.
  • both the inlet duct 101 and the outlet duct 102 are provided with further openings 103 and 104, respectively for the inlet of the low pressure refrigerant gas G coming from the air conditioning or refrigeration system 200 and for the conveyance of the same compressed gas from the above mentioned compressors 1 to the system itself.
  • the compression unit 100 comprises a pipe 105 that makes it possible to connect the accumulation tanks 82 of each compressor 1 of the invention belonging to the above mentioned unit 100.
  • the compression unit 100 preferably but not necessarily includes, downstream of each delivery outlet 4 of the compressors 1 , a check valve 106 that is connected thereto in order to increase the safety of the whole system 200.
  • each one of the above mentioned check valves 106 prevents the return of the high pressure refrigerant gas G inside the compressor 1 , causing the reverse rotation of the compression means 5 with respect to the correct operating direction and consequently damaging them.
  • the compression unit 100 of the invention is also provided with an inverter device 107 connected to one of the two compressors 1 of the invention and having the function of modulating and adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant gas G that flows out of the same device, as described in detail in the presentation of the known art.
  • an inverter device 107 may be coupled with each compressor 1 belonging to the compression unit 100, in such a way as to make the system easier to adjust.
  • the compression unit 100 and in particular each compressor 1 may not be provided with inverter devices 107.
  • the compressors 1 of the invention that make up the compression unit 100 may be provided with adjusting means different from the inverter 107.
  • each single compressor 1 may be provided with a slide valve or bypass system, as described during the presentation of the known art.
  • the invention comprises also the air conditioning or refrigeration system 200 comprising the compression unit 100 whose characteristics have just been described.
  • Said system 200 also comprises, as shown in Figure 7, a plurality of pipes 203 that distribute the refrigerant gas G in the various closed rooms to be cooled and are connected to the above mentioned compression unit 100 through the inlet and outlet ducts 201 and 202.
  • the system 200 comprises two heat exchangers 204 arranged along the above mentioned pipes 203.
  • the system 200 may serve as a heat pump, with a first heat exchanger 204 connected to one or more users U. Otherwise, the same system may be used as a refrigeration system, by connecting the second heat exchanger 204 to one or more users U.
  • a refrigeration system 200 comprising a compression unit 100 of the invention, as already mentioned, after installation is not operated immediately at full rate, but is operated progressively.
  • auxiliary fluid L may pass first from the operating compressor 110 to the non operating compressor
  • valve 11 prevents the flow of the auxiliary fluid L from one area to the other and consequently increases the safety level of the compressor 1 , thus reaching one of the objects of the invention.
  • the check valve 10 which is present in the communication duct 7 and connects the compression means 5 to the separation chamber 6, prevents the compressed gas G flowing out of the operating compressor 110 from flowing back inside it, thus avoiding the rotation of the compression means 5 in the direction opposite the correct operating direction and protecting them from any damage. It is evident that, if the compression unit 100 includes a check valve 106 also downstream of the delivery outlet 4, as in the case described herein, it is doubly guaranteed that the gas G cannot return in the wrong direction.
  • the second compressor 111 is activated which, in the construction form described herein, is not coupled with a control inverter 107 and therefore is immediately started at maximum power.
  • the second compressor 111 is adjusted by an inverter 107 and therefore its operating power can be progressively increased until reaching its rated value.
  • the solenoid valve 11 provided along the pipe 81 of the auxiliary circuit 8 is deactivated and for this reason the auxiliary fluid L is free to flow from the separation chamber 6 to the inlet 53 of the compression means 5.
  • the invention achieves the object to develop a volumetric compressor that can be connected in parallel to other compression devices of the same type, with no need to introduce external elements to guarantee a correct overall operation. Consequently, the invention also achieves the object to carry out a volumetric compressor that makes it possible to decrease and/or avoid additional costs for carrying out its connection with other compressors of the same type. Another object achieved by the invention is to produce a volumetric compressor that is safer and less liable to be damaged than the compressors of the known art.
  • the invention also achieves the object to carry out a volumetric compressor that in its internal part prevents the return of the auxiliary fluid and of the compressed gas in the direction opposite the correct operating direction.
  • the invention also achieves the object to carry out a compressor whose structure is such as to allow the level of the auxiliary fluid inside it to be maintained substantially constant when it is connected in parallel to other compression devices of the same type.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un compresseur comprenant un corps (2) composé : d'une admission (3) destinée à un fluide constitué d'un mélange gazeux (G) et d'un fluide auxiliaire (L) ; de moyens de compression (5) situés en aval de l'admission (3) ; d'une chambre de séparation (6) située en aval des moyens de compression (5) destinée à séparer le gaz (G) du fluide auxiliaire (L) ; d'un conduit (7) mettant la zone aval (54) des moyens de compression (5) en communication avec la chambre de séparation (6) ; d'un circuit auxiliaire (8) comprenant un tuyau (81) reliant la chambre de séparation (6) et la zone amont (53) des moyens de compression (5) qui renvoie le fluide auxiliaire (L) dans les moyens de compression (5) ; d'une sortie de distribution (4) reliée à un conduit de sortie (102) du gaz comprimé (G). Un clapet anti-retour (10) est inséré dans le conduit (7) et met les moyens de compression (5) en communication avec la chambre de séparation (6) et une électrovanne (11) est insérée dans le tuyau (81) du circuit auxiliaire (8).
EP09787695A 2009-04-06 2009-04-06 Compresseur à vis spécialement approprié pour être monté en parallèle dans des unités de compression Withdrawn EP2417357A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2009/000145 WO2010116388A1 (fr) 2009-04-06 2009-04-06 Compresseur à vis spécialement approprié pour être monté en parallèle dans des unités de compression

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2417357A1 true EP2417357A1 (fr) 2012-02-15

Family

ID=41568209

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09787695A Withdrawn EP2417357A1 (fr) 2009-04-06 2009-04-06 Compresseur à vis spécialement approprié pour être monté en parallèle dans des unités de compression

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2417357A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102428276A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010116388A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103104342B (zh) * 2013-01-29 2015-09-30 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 涡轮发动机
DE102014004726A1 (de) * 2013-04-03 2014-10-09 Rotorcomp Verdichter Gmbh Abscheidevorrichtung
BE1029817B1 (nl) * 2021-10-04 2023-05-03 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv Samenstel voor het samenpersen van gas, werkwijze voor het leveren van samengeperst gas en gebruik van dergelijk samenstel

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4383802A (en) 1981-07-06 1983-05-17 Dunham-Bush, Inc. Oil equalization system for parallel connected compressors
JPH0697038B2 (ja) * 1989-01-20 1994-11-30 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷凍装置における油面レベル制御装置と油分離器
JP2666612B2 (ja) 1991-07-18 1997-10-22 株式会社日立製作所 密閉形スクロール圧縮機
US6428296B1 (en) 2001-02-05 2002-08-06 Copeland Corporation Horizontal scroll compressor having an oil injection fitting

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2010116388A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102428276A (zh) 2012-04-25
WO2010116388A1 (fr) 2010-10-14

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