EP2415982A1 - Apparatus and method for regenerating particulate filters for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for regenerating particulate filters for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2415982A1
EP2415982A1 EP11176254A EP11176254A EP2415982A1 EP 2415982 A1 EP2415982 A1 EP 2415982A1 EP 11176254 A EP11176254 A EP 11176254A EP 11176254 A EP11176254 A EP 11176254A EP 2415982 A1 EP2415982 A1 EP 2415982A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxidizing reagent
accumulation tank
particulate filter
aqueous solution
reagent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11176254A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Maurizio Archetti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ecospray Technologies SRL
Original Assignee
Ecospray Technologies SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ecospray Technologies SRL filed Critical Ecospray Technologies SRL
Publication of EP2415982A1 publication Critical patent/EP2415982A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D41/00—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements outside the filter for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D41/04—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements outside the filter for liquid or gaseous fluids of rigid self-supporting filtering material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for regenerating anti-particulate filters, used for example for reducing the harmful emissions of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.
  • particulate As is known, the term particulate, indicated with the abbreviation PM (particulate matter) or DPM (diesel particulate matter), identifies all substances suspended in air (fibres, carbon particles, metals, silica, liquid or solid pollutants), and this therefore represents the pollutant that is now considered to have the greatest impact in urban areas. It is composed of all the solid and liquid particles dispersed in the atmosphere, with a diameter ranging from a few nanometres up to 500 micron or more (i.e. from billionths of a metre to half a millimetre).
  • Particulates are responsible for the black smoke that is traditionally associated with vehicles operating with a diesel cycle, and together with oxides of nitrogen represent the most harmful combustion product dispersed into the atmosphere by diesel engines.
  • anti-particulate filters can be composed of monolithic ceramics with wall flow, ceramic fibres, ceramic foams, metallic fibres, sintered metals and so on.
  • the PM is collected on the filtering surface and inside the matrix supporting said surface, accumulating over time and generating an ever increasing pressure loss until it causes more or less pronounced obstruction of the anti-particulate filter itself. Obstruction of the filter causes, in addition to deterioration of the filtration performance of said filter, malfunctioning of the engine through incorrect discharge of the exhaust gases.
  • the PM that accumulates in the anti-particulate filter must be removed periodically and eliminated by a process of regeneration.
  • Another known methodology comprises nebulizing and then evaporating a reagent in the exhaust system for the time required for reduction of the particulate matter on the filter.
  • Yet another known methodology for elimination of the particulate matter from the filter envisages raising the temperature of the exhaust gases for a relatively short time with the aim of raising the temperature of said particulate matter deposited on the ceramic matrix of the filter to a temperature above the ignition point with consequent combustion thereof.
  • a first drawback is that the methods presented above, with the exception of the system with raising the temperature of the exhaust gases in order to achieve self-ignition of the particulate matter, generally are not efficient enough to provide safe, reliable and repeatable regeneration.
  • the main problem to be solved by the present invention is thus to eliminate or reduce the drawbacks of the methods of regeneration of anti-particulate filters known from the prior art.
  • the purpose of the present invention is thus to provide a method for the regeneration of anti-particulate filters that is characterized by extremely high efficiency of cleaning of said filter, precise control of the initial phase and the end of regeneration and reduction of thermal shocks and of overheating of the filter, avoiding damaging the latter.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the present invention comprises the use of oxidizing agents that are completely harmless to the environment such as H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide).
  • Yet another aim of the present invention is to provide apparatus capable of carrying out the method of regeneration in question.
  • a method for regenerating an anti-particulate filter using an aqueous mixture containing an oxidizing reagent in particular hydrogen peroxide and/or chlorate but not limited to these, characterized in that it comprises a nebulization step of said mixture of oxidizing reagent on said anti-particulate filter, the mixture reaching the anti-particulate filter in the liquid state in the form of droplets.
  • an oxidizing reagent in particular hydrogen peroxide and/or chlorate but not limited to these
  • apparatus for regenerating an anti-particulate filter by means of an oxidizing chemical reagent characterized in that it comprises a nebulizer nozzle for nebulizing an aqueous solution of oxidizing reagent directly on the filtering surface of said anti-particulate filter, and in that said nebulization is carried out by pulsed injection of a high flow rate of solution in a short time, so that said solution impinges on the anti-particulate filter in the form of droplets in the liquid state.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic of the apparatus for regenerating anti-particulate filters according to the present invention.
  • the present invention comprises an accumulation tank V of the reagent solution installed on a line c provided with an automatic valve 2 upstream of said accumulation tank V, a compressed air line "a" that conveys air under pressure to line c and, via an automatic valve 1 to a line e directly connected to the discharge line and to the nozzle u, an oxidizing reagent supply line that conveys, via an automatic valve 4, the oxidizing reagent to the accumulation tank V and, via an automatic valve 3 to the discharge line and to the nozzle u, where it is reconnected to the line e for compressed air.
  • Fig. 1 The operation of the apparatus shown schematically in Fig. 1 is as follows. Initially, the accumulation tank V for the oxidizing reagent is empty.
  • the oxidizing reagent passes through line b from the storage tank 6 to the accumulation tank V, since the intercepting valve 3 located downstream of the intersection with line c is kept closed.
  • the intercepting valve 4 is optional, in that with some types of pumps 5 it is not necessary, as the pump itself prevents return of the fluid along line b.
  • suitable sensing means A consisting for example of a pressure sensor or of any sensor able to ascertain partial or complete filling of the accumulation tank V, filling is stopped when the desired filling level has been reached.
  • valves 1 and 3 are opened and both the compressed air received from line "a" and the reagent are sent to the nebulizer nozzle u through lines e and d respectively.
  • the amount of solution of oxidizing reagent injected is thus equal to that contained in the accumulation tank V and injection takes place in a very short time, normally 4-6 seconds for a flow of 2 or 3 litres, and at the maximum for 30 seconds depending on the setting selected, the type of engine, the distance from the nozzle to the anti-particulate filter, the amount of particulate matter accumulated on the filter and so on.
  • Removal of the particulate matter thus takes place owing to the nebulization of an oxidizing chemical reagent, in solution in water, on the surface of the anti-particulate filter.
  • the solution of water and oxidizing reagent is able to regenerate the filter, removing unburnt particles from it and thus avoiding clogging of said filter.
  • the concentration of the reagent in water can vary from 5% to 75%.
  • the use of hydrogen peroxide as reagent is preferred for the method of regeneration according to the present invention.
  • the apparatus described above is thus able to execute an injection procedure of the pulsed type that comprises spraying of the oxidizing agent at a high flow rate and for a short time (less than 30 seconds) with the engine in operation and with the temperature of the exhaust gases above 150 degrees Celsius.
  • the high instantaneous flow rate of reagent prevents it evaporating in the hot gas.
  • the reagent is nebulized by the spraying nozzle and thus for the most part reaches the anti-particulate filter in the form of extremely numerous minute droplets of liquid, without said droplets evaporating. In this way, owing to the liquid form and the large number of small drops, the reagent is distributed on the ceramic anti-particulate filter uniformly, reaching even the narrowest channels.
  • the reagent is nebulized by a suitable nozzle with compressed air or with fluid only (in this second case, line e is not present) installed very close to the anti-particulate filter. It is preferable, according to the apparatus that is also an object of the present invention, for said nebulizer nozzle to be positioned at a distance not greater than 50 cm relative to the filter, and for the spray angle to be designed to cover the whole filtering surface.
  • the preferred oxidizing reagent consists of hydrogen peroxide.
  • the reagent is always in solution in water, and therefore the apparatus according to the present invention can be used for nebulizing, in the form of extremely fine droplets, various reagents, always in solution in water.
  • the desired result namely succeeding in depositing the oxidizing reagent on the surface of the filter in the form of small drops, of diameter even less than 500 micron, without the latter evaporating under the effect of the high temperature, is obtained chiefly owing to the extremely high instantaneous flow rate that is obtained owing to the pulsed injection that the apparatus according to the present invention as described above is able to perform.
  • the distance from the nozzle to the filter is also an important parameter for avoiding evaporation of the reagent before it is deposited on the filter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
EP11176254A 2010-08-03 2011-08-02 Apparatus and method for regenerating particulate filters for internal combustion engines Withdrawn EP2415982A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT001476A ITMI20101476A1 (it) 2010-08-03 2010-08-03 Apparato e metodo per la rigenerazione di filtri antiparticolato per motori a combustione interna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2415982A1 true EP2415982A1 (en) 2012-02-08

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EP11176254A Withdrawn EP2415982A1 (en) 2010-08-03 2011-08-02 Apparatus and method for regenerating particulate filters for internal combustion engines

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EP (1) EP2415982A1 (it)
IT (1) ITMI20101476A1 (it)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20120952A1 (it) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-02 Ecospray Technologies S R L Apparato filtrante anti-particolato per motori diesel marini e metodo di funzionamento e rigenerazione di detto apparato
EP3127596A1 (de) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-08 Mack GmbH Dieselpartikelfilter-reinigungsverfahren und -vorrichtung
CN113339106A (zh) * 2021-06-24 2021-09-03 广州德百顺蓝钻科技有限公司 蓝钻材料在柴油颗粒捕集器再生中的应用

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1060780A1 (fr) * 1999-06-17 2000-12-20 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA "Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage d'un filtre à particules et procédé de traitement d'effluents produits lors du nettoyage".
GB2363084A (en) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-12 Ford Global Tech Inc Exhaust gas purification system
US20040045439A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-03-11 Jean-Philippe Zilliox Method for cleaning the upstream surface of a particulate filter
JP2004239072A (ja) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-26 Hino Motors Ltd パティキュレートフィルタの洗浄方法及び装置
DE102005059402A1 (de) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Purem Abgassysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Partikelfilters

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1060780A1 (fr) * 1999-06-17 2000-12-20 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA "Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage d'un filtre à particules et procédé de traitement d'effluents produits lors du nettoyage".
GB2363084A (en) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-12 Ford Global Tech Inc Exhaust gas purification system
US20040045439A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-03-11 Jean-Philippe Zilliox Method for cleaning the upstream surface of a particulate filter
JP2004239072A (ja) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-26 Hino Motors Ltd パティキュレートフィルタの洗浄方法及び装置
DE102005059402A1 (de) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Purem Abgassysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Partikelfilters

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20120952A1 (it) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-02 Ecospray Technologies S R L Apparato filtrante anti-particolato per motori diesel marini e metodo di funzionamento e rigenerazione di detto apparato
WO2013179266A1 (en) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-05 Ecospray Technologies S.R.L. Particulate filtering apparatus for marine diesel engines and method of operation and regeneration of said apparatus
US10060313B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-08-28 Ecospray Technologies S.R.L. Particulate filtering apparatus for marine diesel engines and method of operation and regeneration of said apparatus
EP3127596A1 (de) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-08 Mack GmbH Dieselpartikelfilter-reinigungsverfahren und -vorrichtung
US11058978B2 (en) 2015-08-06 2021-07-13 Mack Gmbh Diesel particle filter cleaning method and apparatus
CN113339106A (zh) * 2021-06-24 2021-09-03 广州德百顺蓝钻科技有限公司 蓝钻材料在柴油颗粒捕集器再生中的应用

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