EP2413031B1 - Premixing combustion device - Google Patents

Premixing combustion device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2413031B1
EP2413031B1 EP10170814.7A EP10170814A EP2413031B1 EP 2413031 B1 EP2413031 B1 EP 2413031B1 EP 10170814 A EP10170814 A EP 10170814A EP 2413031 B1 EP2413031 B1 EP 2413031B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blower
outlet opening
combustion
throughflow
combustion device
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10170814.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2413031A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Werle
Günther Köb
Markus Telian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoval AG
Original Assignee
Hoval AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Hoval AG filed Critical Hoval AG
Priority to EP10170814.7A priority Critical patent/EP2413031B1/en
Priority to ES10170814.7T priority patent/ES2474417T3/en
Priority to CA2747176A priority patent/CA2747176C/en
Priority to JP2011161644A priority patent/JP6042601B2/en
Priority to US13/189,930 priority patent/US9052108B2/en
Priority to CN201110214537.4A priority patent/CN102345877B/en
Publication of EP2413031A1 publication Critical patent/EP2413031A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2413031B1 publication Critical patent/EP2413031B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/34—Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L3/00—Arrangements of valves or dampers before the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/025—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99006—Arrangements for starting combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a premixing combustion device for a boiler, comprising a combustion cylinder, a mixing device and a blower which conveys a combustion mixture of fuel and air from an outlet opening of the blower via the combustion cylinder to a combustion zone, wherein the mixing device arranged upstream of the blower the combustion mixture is treated and provided between the outlet opening of the fan and the combustion cylinder flow reduction device is provided with a flow reduction, wherein the flow reduction between an outlet opening of the blower opening position and the outlet opening of the fan decreasing position is adjustable.
  • the invention is directed to a method for starting a premixing combustion device for a boiler, wherein a formed from fuel and air combustion mixture is processed by a mixing device arranged upstream of a fan and conveyed from an outlet opening of the blower, the combustion mixture via a combustion cylinder to a combustion zone becomes.
  • a premixing combustion device and a method of the type mentioned are, for example EP 1 083 386 A1 , which discloses the preamble of independent claims 1 and 6, known, wherein from the EP 896 191 A2 a device for introducing fuel gas into an air stream is known, which comprises a swirl generating device.
  • a burner system with two burners which fuel gas is supplied via a first supply line with the interposition of a first, the pressure and the amount of regulating gas valve. After flowing through the first, the flow regulating gas valve, the fuel gas is supplied to a fan and mixed there with air, so that a combustible gas-air mixture is generated. Via a second, dividing supply line, in which volume flow or pressure control elements provided in the form of valves, the mixture is supplied to the two burners.
  • a conveying device for introducing a fuel gas air mixture into a combustion chamber is known from EP 1 241 409 A2 known.
  • the delivery device comprises a fan and a throttle arranged downstream of the fan in the flow line between the fan and the combustion chamber.
  • a control device for a fan-assisted gas or oil-fired burner is known from GB 1,175,787A known.
  • the control device comprises a damper control means for moving an air damper to ventilate a combustion chamber, the damper being at least partially closed for ignition.
  • a flow control of the combustion air for an oil burner which has a metering flap inserted into the air line, is from the US 2,603,411 A1 and the DE 43 16 315 A1 known, wherein the metering flap regulates only the amount of the combustion chamber supplied combustion air.
  • a fan burner and a method for starting the fan burner is known, in which a combustion air fraction is supplied, which is less than the intended for the subsequent combustion process target air content to provide a good ignitable mixture at start.
  • Boilers with premixing combustion devices are known from the prior art and are used for heating of heating and / or service water in buildings and homes.
  • the hot combustion gases in heat exchanger tubes are passed through the heating and / or service water located in the boilers.
  • the combustion exhaust gas cools down and finally condenses.
  • the heat of condensation of the water vapor in the combustion exhaust gas is also utilized, whereby the energy content of the fuel used is almost completely utilized.
  • the start of the combustion device is a particularly critical phase in which ignition problems of the combustion mixture can occur. It is well known to reduce the amount of air in a combustor-operated combustor during a start-up phase so that the fuel-oversaturated combustible mixture can be safely detonated. Furthermore, regulators are known from the prior art in which during a starting phase of the combustion device, the amount of air reduced and / or the amount of fuel is increased, this process is repeated cyclically while changing the combustion mixture until a reliable ignition occurs. The measures of reducing the proportion of air and / or increasing the proportion of fuel serve primarily the purpose of being able to operate a boiler in continuous operation as low as possible, the measures are also used during the starting phase of boilers.
  • the disadvantage of the known measures is therefore that the combustion mixture is always set immediately to the value of a required target heat output and reduced during the starting phase of the target air content or the target gas content is increased, resulting in increased emissions of pollutants ,
  • the ignitable combustion mixture flows during the start phase almost abruptly in a combustion zone, so that the ignition represents a jump into the load operation inside. This process leads to undesirable pressure surges or pulsations in the combustion chamber of the boiler and can lead to disturbances of the combustion device.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a solution in a premixing combustion device of the type described above, which ensures a safe start of the boiler and prevents interference in a structurally simple manner.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention solved, that the flow reduction element at the start of the combustion device in the outlet opening of the blower decreasing position can be arranged and after ignition of the combustion mixture in the outlet opening of the blower opening position can be arranged, and that the flow reduction has an adjusting means which is coupled to the combustion device such in that the actuating means only moves the flow-reducing element from the position which opens the outlet opening of the blower into the position reducing the outlet opening of the blower during the ignition phase.
  • the above object is achieved in a method of the type described, characterized in that simultaneously with the start of the combustion device arranged between the outlet opening of the fan and the combustion cylinder flow reduction of a flow reduction device from the outlet opening of the blower opening or releasing position in a the outlet opening of the Blower reducing position is moved.
  • the invention provides a possibility with which a reliable ignition of the combustion mixture is ensured in a pre-mixing combustion device in a structurally simple manner.
  • the pressure and the speed of the combustion mixture flowing toward the combustion cylinder can be regulated or controlled at the start of the premixing combustion device by changing the cross section of the outlet opening of the blower, so that conditions for reliable ignition are given. Due to the possibility of controlling or controlling the ignition conditions, a "soft" or “gentle” start of the combustion device is possible, so that pulsations can be prevented in the starting phase.
  • the regulation or control of the ignition conditions also ensures in difficult chimney conditions of the Exhaust gas channels for a safe start of the combustion device.
  • the remaining cross section of the outlet opening is 15% to 45% of the cross section of the outlet opening in the open position of the flow reduction element.
  • the invention provides in a further development of the method, that in the position of the flow reduction element reducing the outlet opening of the blower, the remaining cross section of the outlet opening is reduced to 15% to 45% of the cross section of the outlet opening when the flow reduction element is open.
  • the cross section of the outlet opening of the fan is thus reduced by the flow reduction element, namely by 55% to 85% of the actual cross section of the outlet opening.
  • the remaining cross-section of the outlet opening of the blower is reduced to 30%, whereby a higher blower pressure and a lower flow rate of the combustion mixture are achieved in the combustion zone.
  • the invention further provides that the flow-reducing element is a rotatably mounted flap element.
  • the flow-reducing element is a rotatably mounted flap element. This can be opened up structurally simple way to achieve a change in the flow cross-section of the outlet opening through which the combustion mixture flows and to control or regulate the ignition conditions.
  • the invention is not limited to a flow-reducing element in the form of a flap element. Rather, those skilled in the art will recognize that alternative embodiments are conceivable for this purpose, which cause a change in the flow rate.
  • the flow-reducing element could also be designed as a gate valve.
  • the flow reduction element is in the position opening the outlet opening of the blower.
  • the invention provides in an embodiment that the flow rate device has a return element which applies a force urging the flow rate reduction element into the position opening or releasing the outlet opening of the blower.
  • a restoring element can be designed, for example, in the form of a return spring, which pretensions or holds the flow-reducing element in the position releasing the outlet opening of the blower.
  • the flow-reducing element is located only in the starting phase of the combustion device or only during the ignition phase of the combustion mixture in the position reducing the outlet opening of the blower.
  • the actuating means is an electromagnet which is coupled to the combustion device in such a way that, at the time of starting the combustion device, the flow-reducing element is moved out of the position opening the outlet opening of the blower moved the outlet opening of the blower reducing position against the force of the return element.
  • the solenoid for example, with an ignition control of Combustion device coupled.
  • the ignition control ensures that voltages are applied in parallel or simultaneously both to an ignition transformer for activating the ignition electrode and to the electromagnet, so that the electromagnet is activated at the same time as ignition in order to cause the position of the flow reduction element to change.
  • the flow-reducing device may have another suitable adjusting means to change the position or position of the flow-reducing element.
  • an electric motor coupled to the ignition control or a pneumatic control means coupled to the ignition control could be used to move the flow reduction element from the position opening the outlet opening of the blower to the position reducing the outlet opening of the blower and back again only during the ignition phase.
  • the invention provides in a further development of the method that after starting the combustion device, i. after the successful start phase or successful ignition of the combustion mixture, the flow reduction element is moved from the position reducing the outlet opening of the blower into the position releasing the outlet opening of the blower. The reduction of the outlet opening of the fan is therefore only a measure that is taken at the time of startup. Once the combustion mixture is ignited, the entire or actual cross section of the outlet opening of the fan is released again.
  • Premixing combustion device 1 for a boiler, not shown, which may be designed as a condensing boiler comprises a fan 2, which promotes a composite of fuel (for example gas) and air combustion mixture to a combustion zone, not shown in the figures.
  • the blower 2 is mounted on a so-called burner door 6, which is held for maintenance and cleaning purposes by means of a holding device 7 pivotally.
  • the combustion mixture is processed in a mixing device 3 arranged upstream of the blower 2, which is designed in the form of a Venturi tube and is conveyed through the air or combustion air.
  • a laterally opening into the mixing device 3 supply line 4 combustion gas is supplied to the air, wherein the proportion of the gas is adjustable by a valve 5. Homogenization of the combustion mixture is achieved by intensive mixing within the blower 2.
  • the combustion mixture of combustion gas and combustion air passes through an outlet opening 8 of the blower 2, the closer in FIG. 2 is shown in a arranged below the blower 2 and extending vertically below the combustion cylinder 9.
  • the combustion mixture located in the combustion cylinder 9 then does not occur radially shown passage openings of the combustion cylinder 9 from this and flows into a combustion zone in which the combustion mixture is ignited in the starting phase of the combustion device 1 by means of a radially spaced from the combustion cylinder 9 ignition electrode.
  • the flame monitoring is carried out with an ionization electrode also arranged outside the combustion cylinder 9 in a manner known from the prior art.
  • the premixing combustion device 1 further includes a flow reduction device 10 disposed between the exhaust port 8 of the blower 2 and the combustion cylinder 9.
  • the in the FIGS. 3 and 4 shown flow reduction device 10 comprises a slide-in plate 11 which is arranged between the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 the combustion cylinder 9 and there fastened or mounted on corresponding flange portions of the blower 2 and the combustion cylinder 9.
  • the insertion plate 11 has a passage opening 12, which corresponds to the cross section of the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2.
  • a flow-reducing element 13 is arranged in the form of a shut-off flap.
  • the flow reduction element 13 is connected to a drive shaft 14 in a rotationally fixed manner and rotatably supported by means of this in the passage opening 12 of the insertion plate 11.
  • the cross section through which the combustion mixture flows can be changed, whereby the pressure and speed of the combustion mixture flowing to the combustion cylinder 9 can be regulated or controlled.
  • the flow-reducing element can alternatively also be arranged directly in the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 and stored there, so that the component of the slide-in plate 11 would be dispensable.
  • the rotatably mounted flow-reducing element 13 is adjustable between a position opening the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 and a position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2.
  • the flow reduction element 13 is arranged in the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 and, in this position, reduces the cross section through which the combustion mixture flows.
  • the outlet opening 8 is not completely closed, but only partially blocked by the flow reduction element 13.
  • the free cross section of the outlet opening 8 is approximately 15% to 45% of the cross section of the outlet opening 8 in the open position of the flow reducing element 13.
  • the height of the reduction of the cross section of the outlet opening 8 is dependent on the size or performance of the boiler, wherein a reduction of the remaining free cross section of the outlet opening 8 has proven to be about 30% of the cross section of the outlet opening 8 as particularly favorable during the start phase of the boiler.
  • the flow-reducing element 13 When the combustion device 1 is started, the flow-reducing element 13 is thus arranged in the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2. After successful ignition of the combustion mixture then the flow reduction element 13 into which the outlet opening 8 of Rotated blower 2-opening position, so that the combustion mixture conveyed by the blower 2 flows to the combustion cylinder 9 essentially without an impairment exerted by the flow reduction element 13 and pressure and velocity of the combustion mixture are determined solely by the blower 2.
  • the change of the position of the flow reduction element 13 into the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 opening position is effected by a return element, not shown.
  • the restoring element can be designed, for example, in the form of a spring element which applies a force by means of which the flow-reducing element 13 is forced into the position opening the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2.
  • the flow reduction device 10 has an electromagnet 15, which is arranged laterally from the blower 2 and coupled to the flow reduction device 10.
  • the electromagnet 15 is connected via a lever mechanism 16 with a projecting from the insertion plate 11 end of the drive shaft 14 and also coupled control technology with the combustion device 1 or its ignition control.
  • this coupling causes a voltage to be applied to the electromagnet 15 in parallel with the activation of the ignition electrode, thereby moving a fork head 17, coupled to the lever mechanism 16, of the electromagnet 15 designed in the manner of a lifting magnet.
  • the parallel application of a voltage to ignition electrode and electromagnet 15 can be done for example by an ignition transformer 18 which is coupled to both components.
  • the flow-reducing element 13 from the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 opening position in the the outlet opening 8 of Blower 2 reducing position moves against the force of the return element, which finally reduces the remaining free cross section of the outlet opening 8 of the blower.
  • the restoring element urges the flow rate reducing element 13 into the position opening the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2, so that the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 is essentially free and the combustion mixture can flow through unhindered.
  • the flow-reducing device can also have another suitable adjusting means, which changes the position of the flow-reducing element signal-dependent and / or voltage-dependent on the combustion device or its ignition control.
  • an electric motor or a pneumatic adjusting means could be used to move the valve designed as a flow reduction element, the activation of the electric motor or the pneumatic actuator may be coupled with the combustion device 1 or its ignition control control technology.
  • the combustion mixture formed from fuel or combustion gas and combustion air is conditioned by the mixing device 3 arranged upstream of the blower 2.
  • the conditioned combustion mixture is then conveyed by means of the blower 2 from the outlet opening 8 via the combustion cylinder 9 to the combustion zone.
  • the flow reduction element 13 of the flow reduction device 10 arranged between the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 and the combustion cylinder 9 is moved from the position opening the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 into the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2, in which case the remaining cross section of the outlet opening 8 to 15% to 45%, preferably 30%, the cross-section of the outlet opening 8 is reduced in the open position of the flow reduction 13.
  • the flow reduction element 13 is then moved out of the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 into the position releasing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2. In this way, pulsations could be avoided the startup phase of the boiler, which can otherwise lead to disturbances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung richtet sich auf eine vormischende Verbrennungseinrichtung für einen Heizkessel, die einen Brennzylinder, eine Mischeinrichtung und ein Gebläse umfasst, das ein Verbrennungsgemisch aus Brennstoff und Luft aus einer Auslassöffnung des Gebläses über den Brennzylinder zu einer Verbrennungszone fördert, wobei die stromauf des Gebläses angeordnete Mischeinrichtung das Verbrennungsgemisch aufbereitet und eine zwischen der Auslassöffnung des Gebläses und dem Brennzylinder angeordnete Durchflussreduziervorrichtung mit einem Durchflussreduzierelement vorgesehen ist, wobei das Durchflussreduzierelement zwischen einer die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnenden Stellung und einer die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernden Stellung verstellbar ist.The invention is directed to a premixing combustion device for a boiler, comprising a combustion cylinder, a mixing device and a blower which conveys a combustion mixture of fuel and air from an outlet opening of the blower via the combustion cylinder to a combustion zone, wherein the mixing device arranged upstream of the blower the combustion mixture is treated and provided between the outlet opening of the fan and the combustion cylinder flow reduction device is provided with a flow reduction, wherein the flow reduction between an outlet opening of the blower opening position and the outlet opening of the fan decreasing position is adjustable.

Weiterhin richtet sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zum Starten einer vormischenden Verbrennungseinrichtung für einen Heizkessel, wobei ein aus Brennstoff und Luft gebildetes Verbrennungsgemisch von einer stromauf eines Gebläses angeordneten Mischeinrichtung aufbereitet wird und wobei von einer Auslassöffnung des Gebläses das Verbrennungsgemisch über einen Brennzylinder zu einer Verbrennungszone gefördert wird.Furthermore, the invention is directed to a method for starting a premixing combustion device for a boiler, wherein a formed from fuel and air combustion mixture is processed by a mixing device arranged upstream of a fan and conveyed from an outlet opening of the blower, the combustion mixture via a combustion cylinder to a combustion zone becomes.

Eine vormischende Verbrennungseinrichtung und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art sind zum Beispiel aus EP 1 083 386 A1 , welche dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 und 6 offenbart, bekannt, wobei aus der EP 896 191 A2 eine Vorrichtung zum Einleiten von Brenngas in einen Luftstrom bekannt ist, die eine Drallerzeugungseinrichtung umfasst.A premixing combustion device and a method of the type mentioned are, for example EP 1 083 386 A1 , which discloses the preamble of independent claims 1 and 6, known, wherein from the EP 896 191 A2 a device for introducing fuel gas into an air stream is known, which comprises a swirl generating device.

Aus der DE 202 01 184 U1 ist ferner ein Brennersystem mit zwei Brennern bekannt, denen Brenngas über eine erste Versorgungsleitung unter Zwischenschaltung einer ersten, den Druck und die Menge regelnden Gasarmatur zugeführt wird. Nach Durchströmung der ersten, den Durchfluss regelnden Gasarmatur wird das Brenngas einem Gebläse zugeführt und dort mit Luft gemischt, so dass ein brennbares Gas-Luft-Gemisch erzeugt wird. Über eine zweite, sich aufteilende Versorgungsleitung, in welcher Volumenfluss- bzw. Drucksteuerelemente in Form von Ventilen vorgesehen, wird den beiden Brennern das Gemisch zugeführt.From the DE 202 01 184 U1 Furthermore, a burner system with two burners is known, which fuel gas is supplied via a first supply line with the interposition of a first, the pressure and the amount of regulating gas valve. After flowing through the first, the flow regulating gas valve, the fuel gas is supplied to a fan and mixed there with air, so that a combustible gas-air mixture is generated. Via a second, dividing supply line, in which volume flow or pressure control elements provided in the form of valves, the mixture is supplied to the two burners.

Eine Fördervorrichtung zum Einleiten eines Brenngasluftgemisches in eine Brennkammer ist aus der EP 1 241 409 A2 bekannt. Die Fördervorrichtung umfasst ein Gebläse sowie eine in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Gebläse in der Strömungsleitung zwischen Gebläse und Brennkammer angeordnete Drossel.A conveying device for introducing a fuel gas air mixture into a combustion chamber is known from EP 1 241 409 A2 known. The delivery device comprises a fan and a throttle arranged downstream of the fan in the flow line between the fan and the combustion chamber.

Eine Steuereinrichtung für einen gebläseunterstützten gas- oder ölbefeuerten Brenner ist aus der GB 1,175,787 A bekannt. Die Steuereinrichtung umfasst ein Luftklappensteuermittel zur Bewegung einer Luftklappe, um eine Brennkammer zu lüften, wobei die Klappe zur Zündung zumindest zum Teil geschlossen ist.A control device for a fan-assisted gas or oil-fired burner is known from GB 1,175,787A known. The control device comprises a damper control means for moving an air damper to ventilate a combustion chamber, the damper being at least partially closed for ignition.

Eine Durchflussregelung der Verbrennungsluft für einen Ölbrenner, der eine in die Luftleitung eingesetzte Dosierklappe aufweist, ist aus der US 2,603,411 A1 und der DE 43 16 315 A1 bekannt, wobei die Dosierklappe lediglich die Menge der der Brennkammer zugeführten Verbrennungsluft regelt.A flow control of the combustion air for an oil burner, which has a metering flap inserted into the air line, is from the US 2,603,411 A1 and the DE 43 16 315 A1 known, wherein the metering flap regulates only the amount of the combustion chamber supplied combustion air.

Aus der GB 2 261 063 A ist ferner ein Gebläsebrenner sowie ein Verfahren zum Starten des Gebläsebrenners bekannt, bei dem ein Verbrennungsluftanteil zugeführt wird, der geringer ist als der für den anschließenden Verbrennungsvorgang vorgesehene Soll-Luftanteil, um ein gut zündfähiges Gemisch beim Start bereitzustellen.From the GB 2 261 063 A Furthermore, a fan burner and a method for starting the fan burner is known, in which a combustion air fraction is supplied, which is less than the intended for the subsequent combustion process target air content to provide a good ignitable mixture at start.

Heizkessel mit vormischenden Verbrennungseinrichtungen sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und kommen zur Erwärmung von Heizungs- und/oder Brauchwasser in Gebäuden und Wohnhäusern zum Einsatz. Im Betrieb solcher konventionellen Heizkessel werden die heißen Verbrennungsabgase in Wärmetauscherrohren durch das in den Heizungskesseln befindliche Heizungs- und/oder Brauchwasser geleitet. Dabei kühlt sich das Verbrennungsabgas ab und kondensiert schließlich. Im Unterschied zu den konventionellen Heizkesseln wird bei sogenannten Brennwertkesseln zusätzlich zu der Wärme der Verbrennungsabgase auch die Kondensationswärme des Wasserdampfes im Verbrennungsabgas genutzt, wodurch der Energieinhalt des eingesetzten Brennstoffs nahezu vollständig genutzt wird.Boilers with premixing combustion devices are known from the prior art and are used for heating of heating and / or service water in buildings and homes. In the operation of such conventional boilers, the hot combustion gases in heat exchanger tubes are passed through the heating and / or service water located in the boilers. The combustion exhaust gas cools down and finally condenses. In contrast to the conventional boilers, in condensing boilers, in addition to the heat of the combustion exhaust gases, the heat of condensation of the water vapor in the combustion exhaust gas is also utilized, whereby the energy content of the fuel used is almost completely utilized.

Bei den vorstehend genannten Typen von Heizkesseln stellt der Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung eine besonders kritische Phase dar, in der es zu Zündproblemen des Verbrennungsgemisches kommen kann. Es ist allgemein bekannt, bei einer mit Verbrennungsgas betriebenen Verbrennungseinrichtung während einer Startphase den Luftanteil zu verringern, damit das mit Brennstoff übersättigte Verbrennungsgemisch mit Sicherheit gezündet werden kann. Ferner sind aus dem Stand der Technik Regler bekannt, bei denen während einer Startphase der Verbrennungseinrichtung die Luftmenge herabgesetzt und/oder die Brennstoffmenge heraufgesetzt wird, wobei dieser Vorgang zyklisch solange bei gleichzeitiger Veränderung des Verbrennungsgemisches wiederholt wird, bis ein sicheres Zünden erfolgt. Die Maßnahmen der Herabsetzung des Luftanteils und/oder der Heraufsetzung des Brennstoffanteils dienen in erster Linie dem Zweck, einen Heizkessel im Dauerbetrieb möglichst schadstoffarm betreiben zu können, wobei die Maßnahmen auch während der Startphase von Heizkesseln zum Einsatz kommen.In the aforementioned types of boilers, the start of the combustion device is a particularly critical phase in which ignition problems of the combustion mixture can occur. It is well known to reduce the amount of air in a combustor-operated combustor during a start-up phase so that the fuel-oversaturated combustible mixture can be safely detonated. Furthermore, regulators are known from the prior art in which during a starting phase of the combustion device, the amount of air reduced and / or the amount of fuel is increased, this process is repeated cyclically while changing the combustion mixture until a reliable ignition occurs. The measures of reducing the proportion of air and / or increasing the proportion of fuel serve primarily the purpose of being able to operate a boiler in continuous operation as low as possible, the measures are also used during the starting phase of boilers.

Der Nachteil der bekannten Maßnahmen liegt demnach darin, dass das Verbrennungsgemisch immer sofort auf den Wert einer geforderten Soll-Heizleistung eingestellt wird und während der Startphase der Soll-Luftanteil verringert oder der Soll-Gasanteil erhöht wird, wodurch es zu einem erhöhten Ausstoß von Schadstoffen kommt. Darüber hinaus strömt das zündfähige Verbrennungsgemisch während der Startphase nahezu schlagartig in eine Verbrennungszone ein, so dass die Zündung einen Sprung in den Lastbetrieb hinein darstellt. Dieser Vorgang führt zu unerwünschten Druckstößen bzw. Pulsationen im Brennraum des Heizkessels und kann zu Störungen der Verbrennungseinrichtung führen.The disadvantage of the known measures is therefore that the combustion mixture is always set immediately to the value of a required target heat output and reduced during the starting phase of the target air content or the target gas content is increased, resulting in increased emissions of pollutants , In addition, the ignitable combustion mixture flows during the start phase almost abruptly in a combustion zone, so that the ignition represents a jump into the load operation inside. This process leads to undesirable pressure surges or pulsations in the combustion chamber of the boiler and can lead to disturbances of the combustion device.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer vormischenden Verbrennungseinrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Art eine Lösung zu schaffen, die auf konstruktiv einfache Weise einen sicheren Start des Heizkessels sicherstellt und Störungen verhindert.The invention has for its object to provide a solution in a premixing combustion device of the type described above, which ensures a safe start of the boiler and prevents interference in a structurally simple manner.

Bei einer vormischenden Verbrennungseinrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass das Durchflussreduzierelement beim Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung in der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernden Stellung anordenbar ist und nach Zündung des Verbrennungsgemisches in der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnenden Stellung anordenbar ist, und dass die Durchflussreduziervorrichtung ein Stellmittel aufweist, das mit der Verbrennungseinrichtung derart gekoppelt ist, dass das Stellmittel nur während der Zündphase das Durchflussreduzierelement aus der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnenden Stellung in die die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernde Stellung bewegt.In a premixing combustion device of the type described, this object is achieved according to the invention solved, that the flow reduction element at the start of the combustion device in the outlet opening of the blower decreasing position can be arranged and after ignition of the combustion mixture in the outlet opening of the blower opening position can be arranged, and that the flow reduction has an adjusting means which is coupled to the combustion device such in that the actuating means only moves the flow-reducing element from the position which opens the outlet opening of the blower into the position reducing the outlet opening of the blower during the ignition phase.

Ebenso wird die vorstehende Aufgabe bei einem Verfahren der eingangs bezeichneten Art dadurch gelöst, dass zeitgleich zum Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung ein zwischen der Auslassöffnung des Gebläses und dem Brennzylinder angeordnetes Durchflussreduzierelement einer Durchflussreduziervorrichtung aus einer die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnenden bzw. freigebenden Stellung in eine die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernden Stellung bewegt wird.Likewise, the above object is achieved in a method of the type described, characterized in that simultaneously with the start of the combustion device arranged between the outlet opening of the fan and the combustion cylinder flow reduction of a flow reduction device from the outlet opening of the blower opening or releasing position in a the outlet opening of the Blower reducing position is moved.

Vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous and expedient refinements and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Mit der Erfindung wird eine Möglichkeit geschaffen, mit der eine sichere Zündung des Verbrennungsgemischs bei einer vormischenden Verbrennungseinrichtung auf konstruktiv einfache Weise sichergestellt ist. Mittels des Durchflussreduzierelements der Durchflussreduziervorrichtung kann beim Start der vormischenden Verbrennungseinrichtung durch Veränderung des Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung des Gebläses der Druck und die Geschwindigkeit des zum Brennzylinder strömenden Verbrennungsgemisches geregelt bzw. gesteuert werden, so dass Bedingungen für eine sichere Zündung gegeben sind. Aufgrund der Möglichkeit der Regelung bzw. Steuerung der Zündbedingungen ist ein "weicher" bzw. "sanfter" Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung möglich, so dass in der Startphase Pulsationen verhindert werden können. Die Regelung bzw. Steuerung der Zündbedingungen sorgt darüber hinaus auch bei schwierigen Kaminverhältnissen des Abgaskanals für einen sicheren Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung.The invention provides a possibility with which a reliable ignition of the combustion mixture is ensured in a pre-mixing combustion device in a structurally simple manner. By means of the flow reduction element of the flow reduction device, the pressure and the speed of the combustion mixture flowing toward the combustion cylinder can be regulated or controlled at the start of the premixing combustion device by changing the cross section of the outlet opening of the blower, so that conditions for reliable ignition are given. Due to the possibility of controlling or controlling the ignition conditions, a "soft" or "gentle" start of the combustion device is possible, so that pulsations can be prevented in the starting phase. The regulation or control of the ignition conditions also ensures in difficult chimney conditions of the Exhaust gas channels for a safe start of the combustion device.

Es wurde im Rahmen der Erfindung herausgefunden, dass für einen "weicheren" bzw. "sanfteren" Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung und zur Vermeidung von Startpulsationen ein höherer Gebläsedruck und eine geringere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Verbrennungsgemisches hilfreich sind. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, dass das Durchflussreduzierelement beim Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung in der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernden Stellung angeordnet ist. Direkt nach erfolgter Zündung des Verbrennungsgemisches wird dann das Durchflussreduzierelement in die die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnende Stellung bewegt und verbleibt in dieser Stellung während des Betriebs der Verbrennungseinrichtung.It has been found within the scope of the invention that for a "softer" or "gentler" start of the combustion device and to avoid starting pulsations, a higher blower pressure and a lower flow velocity of the combustion mixture are helpful. This is inventively achieved in that the flow-reducing element is arranged at the start of the combustion device in the position reducing the outlet opening of the fan. Immediately after ignition of the combustion mixture, the flow reduction element is then moved into the position opening the outlet opening of the blower and remains in this position during operation of the combustion device.

In Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungseinrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass in der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernden Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements der freibleibende Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung 15% bis 45% des Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung bei geöffneter Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements beträgt. Ebenso sieht die Erfindung in Weiterbildung des Verfahrens vor, dass in der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernden Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements der freibleibende Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung auf 15% bis 45% des Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung bei geöffneter Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements verkleinert wird. Der Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung des Gebläses wird demnach durch das Durchflussreduzierelement verkleinert, und zwar um 55% bis 85% des eigentlichen Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung. Vorzugsweise wird der freibleibende Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung des Gebläses auf 30% verkleinert, wodurch ein höherer Gebläsedruck und eine geringere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Verbrennungsgemisches in der Verbrennungszone erreicht werden.In an embodiment of the combustion device according to the invention, it is provided that in the position of the flow reduction element which reduces the outlet opening of the fan, the remaining cross section of the outlet opening is 15% to 45% of the cross section of the outlet opening in the open position of the flow reduction element. Likewise, the invention provides in a further development of the method, that in the position of the flow reduction element reducing the outlet opening of the blower, the remaining cross section of the outlet opening is reduced to 15% to 45% of the cross section of the outlet opening when the flow reduction element is open. The cross section of the outlet opening of the fan is thus reduced by the flow reduction element, namely by 55% to 85% of the actual cross section of the outlet opening. Preferably, the remaining cross-section of the outlet opening of the blower is reduced to 30%, whereby a higher blower pressure and a lower flow rate of the combustion mixture are achieved in the combustion zone.

In Ausgestaltung der Verbrennungseinrichtung sieht die Erfindung ferner vor, dass das Durchflussreduzierelement ein drehbar gelagertes Klappenelement ist. Dadurch lässt sich auf konstruktiv einfache Weise eine Veränderung des von dem Verbrennungsgemisch durchströmten Durchflussquerschnitts der Auslassöffnung und eine Regelung bzw. Steuerung der Zündbedingungen erzielen. Die Erfindung ist aber nicht auf ein Durchflussreduzierelement in Form eines Klappenelements beschränkt. Vielmehr wird der Fachmann erkennen, dass alternative Ausgestaltungen hierzu denkbar sind, die eine Veränderung der Durchflussmenge bewirken. Beispielsweise könnte das Durchflussreduzierelement auch als Absperrschieber ausgebildet sein.In an embodiment of the combustion device, the invention further provides that the flow-reducing element is a rotatably mounted flap element. This can be opened up structurally simple way to achieve a change in the flow cross-section of the outlet opening through which the combustion mixture flows and to control or regulate the ignition conditions. However, the invention is not limited to a flow-reducing element in the form of a flap element. Rather, those skilled in the art will recognize that alternative embodiments are conceivable for this purpose, which cause a change in the flow rate. For example, the flow-reducing element could also be designed as a gate valve.

Im Betrieb der vormischenden Verbrennungseinrichtung bzw. des Heizkessels befindet sich das Durchflussreduzierelement in der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnenden Stellung. Damit diese Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements während des laufenden Heizkesselbetriebs sichergestellt ist, sieht die Erfindung in Ausgestaltung vor, dass die Durchflussvorrichtung ein Rückstellelement aufweist, das eine das Durchflussreduzierelement in die die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnende bzw. freigebende Stellung drängende Kraft aufbringt. Ein solches Rückstellelement kann beispielsweise in Form einer Rückstellfeder ausgebildet sein, die das Durchflussreduzierelement in der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses freigebenden Stellung vorspannt bzw. gedrückt hält.During operation of the premixing combustion device or the boiler, the flow reduction element is in the position opening the outlet opening of the blower. In order for this position of the flow rate reduction element to be ensured during ongoing boiler operation, the invention provides in an embodiment that the flow rate device has a return element which applies a force urging the flow rate reduction element into the position opening or releasing the outlet opening of the blower. Such a restoring element can be designed, for example, in the form of a return spring, which pretensions or holds the flow-reducing element in the position releasing the outlet opening of the blower.

Das Durchflussreduzierelement befindet sich nur in der Startphase der Verbrennungseinrichtung bzw. nur während der Zündphase des Verbrennungsgemisches in der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernden Stellung. Damit diese Stellung von dem Durchflussreduzierelement eingenommen werden kann, ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass das Stellmittel ein Elektromagnet ist, der mit der Verbrennungseinrichtung derart gekoppelt ist, dass im Zeitpunkt des Starts der Verbrennungseinrichtung der Elektromagnet das Durchflussreduzierelement aus der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnenden Stellung in die die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernde Stellung gegen die Kraft des Rückstellelements bewegt. Zu diesem Zweck kann der Elektromagnet beispielsweise mit einer Zündsteuerung der Verbrennungseinrichtung gekoppelt sein. Die Zündsteuerung sorgt dafür, dass sowohl an einem Zündtrafo zur Aktivierung der Zündelektrode als auch an dem Elektromagneten entsprechende Spannungen parallel bzw. zeitgleich angelegt werden, so dass zeitgleich zur Zündung der Elektromagnet aktiviert wird, damit dieser die Veränderung der Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements bewirkt. Durch die gemeinsame und zeitgleiche Aktivierung von Zündtrafo und Elektromagnet mittels der Zündsteuerung ist sichergestellt, dass der Elektromagnet das Durchflussreduzierelement auch tatsächlich nur während der Startphase der Verbrennungseinrichtung in die die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernde Stellung bewegt. Nach erfolgreicher Startphase liegen dann keine Spannungen mehr an dem Elektromagneten und der Zündelektrode an, so dass die auf das Durchflussreduzierelement wirkende Kraft des Rückstellelements bewirkt, dass das Durchflussreduzierelement in die die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnenden Stellung zurückbewegt und in dieser gehalten wird.The flow-reducing element is located only in the starting phase of the combustion device or only during the ignition phase of the combustion mixture in the position reducing the outlet opening of the blower. In order for this position to be assumed by the flow-reducing element, it is preferably provided that the actuating means is an electromagnet which is coupled to the combustion device in such a way that, at the time of starting the combustion device, the flow-reducing element is moved out of the position opening the outlet opening of the blower moved the outlet opening of the blower reducing position against the force of the return element. For this purpose, the solenoid, for example, with an ignition control of Combustion device coupled. The ignition control ensures that voltages are applied in parallel or simultaneously both to an ignition transformer for activating the ignition electrode and to the electromagnet, so that the electromagnet is activated at the same time as ignition in order to cause the position of the flow reduction element to change. By the simultaneous and simultaneous activation of ignition transformer and electromagnet by means of the ignition control ensures that the solenoid, the flow reduction element actually only during the Start phase of the combustion device in which the outlet opening of the fan moves down position. After a successful start phase, no voltages are applied to the electromagnet and the ignition electrode, so that the force of the restoring element acting on the flow reduction element causes the flow reduction element to be moved back into and held in the position which opens the outlet opening of the blower.

Statt eines Elektromagneten kann die Durchflussreduziervorrichtung ein anderes geeignetes Stellmittel aufweisen, um die Position bzw. Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements zu verändern. Beispielsweise könnten statt eines Elektromagneten ein mit der Zündsteuerung gekoppelter Elektromotor oder ein mit der Zündsteuerung gekoppeltes pneumatisches Stellmittel verwendet werden, die nur während der Zündphase das Durchflussreduzierelement aus der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses öffnenden Stellung in die die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernde Stellung und wieder zurück bewegen. Die Erfindung sieht in Weiterbildung des Verfahrens vor, dass nach dem Starten der Verbrennungseinrichtung, d.h. nach erfolgreicher Startphase bzw. erfolgreicher Zündung des Verbrennungsgemisches, das Durchflussreduzierelement aus der die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses verkleinernden Stellung in die die Auslassöffnung des Gebläses freigebende Stellung bewegt wird. Die Verkleinerung der Auslassöffnung des Gebläses ist demnach nur eine Maßnahme, die im Zeitpunkt des Startvorgangs ergriffen wird. Sobald das Verbrennungsgemisch gezündet ist, wird der gesamte bzw. eigentliche Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung des Gebläses wieder freigegeben.Instead of an electromagnet, the flow-reducing device may have another suitable adjusting means to change the position or position of the flow-reducing element. For example, instead of an electromagnet, an electric motor coupled to the ignition control or a pneumatic control means coupled to the ignition control could be used to move the flow reduction element from the position opening the outlet opening of the blower to the position reducing the outlet opening of the blower and back again only during the ignition phase. The invention provides in a further development of the method that after starting the combustion device, i. after the successful start phase or successful ignition of the combustion mixture, the flow reduction element is moved from the position reducing the outlet opening of the blower into the position releasing the outlet opening of the blower. The reduction of the outlet opening of the fan is therefore only a measure that is taken at the time of startup. Once the combustion mixture is ignited, the entire or actual cross section of the outlet opening of the fan is released again.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. Der Rahmen der Erfindung ist nur durch die Ansprüche definiert.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined only by the claims.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung, in der beispielhaft ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt ist. In der Zeichnung zeigt:

  • Figur 1 eine erfindungsgemäße vormischende Verbrennungseinrichtung in perspektivischer Darstellung,
  • Figur 2 die erfindungsgemäße vormischende Verbrennungseinrichtung in einer Seitenansicht,
  • Figur 3 eine Einzelteildarstellung einer Durchflussreduziervorrichtung und
  • Figur 4 die Durchflussreduziervorrichtung im zusammengebauten Zustand.
Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawing, in which by way of example a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. In the drawing shows:
  • FIG. 1 a premixing combustion device according to the invention in a perspective view,
  • FIG. 2 the premixing combustion device according to the invention in a side view,
  • FIG. 3 an itemized view of a flow reduction device and
  • FIG. 4 the flow reduction device in the assembled state.

Eine in den Figuren 1 und 2 vormischende Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 für einen nicht näher dargestellten Heizkessel, der als Brennwertkessel ausgebildet sein kann, umfasst ein Gebläse 2, das ein sich aus Brennstoff (beispielsweise Gas) und Luft zusammensetzendes Verbrennungsgemisch zu einer in den Figuren nicht gezeigten Verbrennungszone fördert. Das Gebläse 2 ist auf einer sogenannten Brennertür 6 montiert, die zu Wartungs- und Reinigungszwecken mittels einer Halteeinrichtung 7 schwenkbar gehalten ist. Das Verbrennungsgemisch wird in einer stromauf des Gebläses 2 angeordneten Mischeinrichtung 3 aufbereitet, die in Form eines Venturirohrs ausgebildet ist und durch die Luft bzw. Verbrennungsluft gefördert wird. Durch eine seitlich in die Mischeinrichtung 3 mündende Zuführungsleitung 4 wird Verbrennungsgas der Luft zugeführt, wobei der Anteil des Gases durch ein Ventil 5 einstellbar ist. Eine Homogenisierung des Verbrennungsgemisches wird durch eine intensive Vermischung innerhalb des Gebläses 2 erreicht.One in the Figures 1 and 2 Premixing combustion device 1 for a boiler, not shown, which may be designed as a condensing boiler comprises a fan 2, which promotes a composite of fuel (for example gas) and air combustion mixture to a combustion zone, not shown in the figures. The blower 2 is mounted on a so-called burner door 6, which is held for maintenance and cleaning purposes by means of a holding device 7 pivotally. The combustion mixture is processed in a mixing device 3 arranged upstream of the blower 2, which is designed in the form of a Venturi tube and is conveyed through the air or combustion air. By a laterally opening into the mixing device 3 supply line 4 combustion gas is supplied to the air, wherein the proportion of the gas is adjustable by a valve 5. Homogenization of the combustion mixture is achieved by intensive mixing within the blower 2.

Das Verbrennungsgemisch aus Verbrennungsgas und Verbrennungsluft gelangt über eine Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2, die näher in Figur 2 dargestellt ist, in einen unterhalb des Gebläses 2 angeordneten und sich senkrecht darunter erstreckenden Brennzylinder 9. Das im Brennzylinder 9 befindliche Verbrennungsgemisch tritt dann radial aus nicht dargestellten Durchtrittsöffnungen des Brennzylinders 9 aus diesem aus und strömt in eine Verbrennungszone, in der das Verbrennungsgemisch in der Startphase der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 mittels einer von dem Brennzylinder 9 radial beabstandeten Zündelektrode gezündet wird. Die Flammenüberwachung erfolgt mit einer ebenfalls außerhalb des Brennzylinders 9 angeordneten Ionisationselektrode auf aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Weise.The combustion mixture of combustion gas and combustion air passes through an outlet opening 8 of the blower 2, the closer in FIG. 2 is shown in a arranged below the blower 2 and extending vertically below the combustion cylinder 9. The combustion mixture located in the combustion cylinder 9 then does not occur radially shown passage openings of the combustion cylinder 9 from this and flows into a combustion zone in which the combustion mixture is ignited in the starting phase of the combustion device 1 by means of a radially spaced from the combustion cylinder 9 ignition electrode. The flame monitoring is carried out with an ionization electrode also arranged outside the combustion cylinder 9 in a manner known from the prior art.

Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst die vormischende Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 ferner eine Durchflussreduziervorrichtung 10, die zwischen der Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 und dem Brennzylinder 9 angeordnet ist. Die in den Figuren 3 und 4 näher dargestellte Durchflussreduziervorrichtung 10 umfasst eine Einschubplatte 11, die zwischen der Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 dem Brennzylinder 9 angeordnet ist und dort an entsprechenden Flanschabschnitten des Gebläses 2 und des Brennzylinders 9 befestigt bzw. montiert ist. Die Einschubplatte 11 weist eine Durchgangsöffnung 12 auf, die dem Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 entspricht. In der Durchgangsöffnung 12 der Einschubplatte 11 ist ein Durchflussreduzierelement 13 in Form einer Absperrklappe angeordnet. Das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 ist mit einer Antriebswelle 14 drehfest verbunden und mittels dieser in der Durchgangsöffnung 12 der Einschubplatte 11 drehbar gelagert. Durch Drehung des Durchflussreduzierelements 13 kann der von dem Verbrennungsgemisch durchströmte Querschnitt verändert werden, wodurch sich Druck und Geschwindigkeit des zum Brennzylinder 9 strömenden Verbrennungsgemisches regeln bzw. steuern lassen. Der Fachmann wird erkennen, dass das Durchflussreduzierelement alternativ auch direkt in der Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 angeordnet und dort gelagert sein kann, so dass das Bauteil der Einschubplatte 11 entbehrlich wäre.According to the present invention, the premixing combustion device 1 further includes a flow reduction device 10 disposed between the exhaust port 8 of the blower 2 and the combustion cylinder 9. The in the FIGS. 3 and 4 shown flow reduction device 10 comprises a slide-in plate 11 which is arranged between the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 the combustion cylinder 9 and there fastened or mounted on corresponding flange portions of the blower 2 and the combustion cylinder 9. The insertion plate 11 has a passage opening 12, which corresponds to the cross section of the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2. In the passage opening 12 of the insertion plate 11, a flow-reducing element 13 is arranged in the form of a shut-off flap. The flow reduction element 13 is connected to a drive shaft 14 in a rotationally fixed manner and rotatably supported by means of this in the passage opening 12 of the insertion plate 11. By rotation of the flow reduction element 13, the cross section through which the combustion mixture flows can be changed, whereby the pressure and speed of the combustion mixture flowing to the combustion cylinder 9 can be regulated or controlled. The person skilled in the art will recognize that the flow-reducing element can alternatively also be arranged directly in the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 and stored there, so that the component of the slide-in plate 11 would be dispensable.

Das drehbar gelagerte Durchflussreduzierelement 13 ist zwischen einer die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 öffnenden Stellung und einer die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 verkleinernden Stellung verstellbar. Dabei entspricht die in Figur 2 gezeigte Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements 13 der die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 öffnenden bzw. freigebenden Stellung. Diese Stellung nimmt das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 im eigentlichen Betrieb der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1, d.h. nach Zündung des Verbrennungsgemisches, ein. Demgegenüber ist in der Startphase der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 in der die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 verkleinernden Stellung angeordnet und reduziert in dieser Stellung den vom Verbrennungsgemisch durchströmten Querschnitt.The rotatably mounted flow-reducing element 13 is adjustable between a position opening the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 and a position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2. The corresponding in FIG. 2 shown position of the flow reduction element 13 of the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 opening or releasing position. This position takes the flow reduction element 13 in the actual operation of the combustion device 1, ie after ignition of the combustion mixture, a. In contrast, in the starting phase of the combustion device 1, the flow reduction element 13 is arranged in the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 and, in this position, reduces the cross section through which the combustion mixture flows.

Es wurde herausgefunden, dass eine Verkleinerung des Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 während der Startphase der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 bzw. während der Zündphase des Verbrennungsgemisches eine Erhöhung des Gebläsedrucks und eine Verringerung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Verbrennungsgemisches bewirkt, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Zündung des in der Verbrennungszone befindlichen Verbrennungsgemisches auswirkt.It has been found that a reduction of the cross section of the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 during the starting phase of the combustion device 1 or during the ignition phase of the combustion mixture causes an increase in the blower pressure and a reduction in the flow rate of the combustion mixture, which is advantageous to the ignition of the in Combustion zone located combustion mixture effect.

Demnach wird beim Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 die Auslassöffnung 8 nicht vollständig, sondern nur zum Teil von dem Durchflussreduzierelement 13 versperrt. Gemäß der Erfindung beträgt in der die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 verkleinernden Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements 13 der freibleibende Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung 8 in etwa 15% bis 45% des Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung 8 bei geöffneter Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements 13. Die Höhe der Reduzierung des Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung 8 ist dabei von der Größe bzw. Leistung des Heizkessels abhängig, wobei sich eine Verkleinerung des freibleibenden Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung 8 auf ca. 30% des Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung 8 als besonders günstig während der Startphase des Heizkessels erwiesen hat.Accordingly, at the start of the combustion device 1, the outlet opening 8 is not completely closed, but only partially blocked by the flow reduction element 13. According to the invention, in the position of the flow reducing element 13 which reduces the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2, the free cross section of the outlet opening 8 is approximately 15% to 45% of the cross section of the outlet opening 8 in the open position of the flow reducing element 13. The height of the reduction of the cross section of the outlet opening 8 is dependent on the size or performance of the boiler, wherein a reduction of the remaining free cross section of the outlet opening 8 has proven to be about 30% of the cross section of the outlet opening 8 as particularly favorable during the start phase of the boiler.

Beim Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 ist das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 somit in der die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 verkleinernden Stellung angeordnet. Nach erfolgreicher Zündung des Verbrennungsgemisches wird dann das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 in die die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 öffnende Stellung gedreht, so dass das vom Gebläse 2 geförderte Verbrennungsgemisch im Wesentlichen ohne eine von dem Durchflussreduzierelement 13 ausgeübte Beeinträchtigung zu dem Brennzylinder 9 strömt und Druck und Geschwindigkeit des Verbrennungsgemisches allein durch das Gebläse 2 bestimmt werden.When the combustion device 1 is started, the flow-reducing element 13 is thus arranged in the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2. After successful ignition of the combustion mixture then the flow reduction element 13 into which the outlet opening 8 of Rotated blower 2-opening position, so that the combustion mixture conveyed by the blower 2 flows to the combustion cylinder 9 essentially without an impairment exerted by the flow reduction element 13 and pressure and velocity of the combustion mixture are determined solely by the blower 2.

Der Wechsel der Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements 13 in die die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 öffnende Stellung wird durch ein nicht dargestelltes Rückstellelement bewirkt. Das Rückstellelement kann beispielsweise in Form eines Federelements ausgebildet sein, das eine Kraft aufbringt, durch die das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 in die die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 öffnende Stellung gedrängt wird. Um das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 in die die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses verkleinernde Stellung zu drehen bzw. zu verschwenken, weist die Durchflussreduziervorrichtung 10 einen Elektromagneten 15 auf, der seitlich vom Gebläse 2 angeordnet und mit der Durchflussreduziervorrichtung 10 gekoppelt ist. Der Elektromagnet 15 ist über einen Hebelmechanismus 16 mit einem aus der Einschubplatte 11 herausragenden Ende der Antriebswelle 14 verbunden und darüber hinaus mit der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 oder deren Zündsteuerung steuerungstechnisch gekoppelt. Diese Kopplung bewirkt bei Zündung des Verbrennungsgemisches bzw. beim Start der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1, dass parallel zur Ansteuerung der Zündelektrode eine Spannung an den Elektromagneten 15 angelegt wird, wodurch ein mit dem Hebelmechanismus 16 gekoppelter Gabelkopf 17 des nach Art eines Hubmagneten ausgeführten Elektromagnets 15 bewegt wird. Das parallele Anlegen einer Spannung an Zündelektrode und Elektromagneten 15 kann beispielsweise von einem Zündtrafo 18 erfolgen, der mit beiden Bauteilen gekoppelt ist. Bei anliegender Spannung am Elektromagneten 15 wird die Bewegung des Gabelkopfes 17 über den Hebelmechanismus 16 auf die Antriebswelle 14 übertragen und führt zu einer Verschwenkung bzw. Drehung des Durchflussreduzierelements 13. Dadurch wird das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 aus der die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 öffnenden Stellung in die die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 verkleinernde Stellung gegen die Kraft des Rückstellelements bewegt, wodurch schließlich der freibleibende Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses reduziert wird. Sobald die Spannung für den Zündtrafo nicht mehr vorhanden ist, liegt auch keine Spannung mehr an dem Elektromagneten 15 an. Dadurch drängt das Rückstellelement das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 in die die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 öffnende Stellung, so dass die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 im Wesentlichen freigeben ist und das Verbrennungsgemisch ungehindert hindurch strömen kann.The change of the position of the flow reduction element 13 into the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 opening position is effected by a return element, not shown. The restoring element can be designed, for example, in the form of a spring element which applies a force by means of which the flow-reducing element 13 is forced into the position opening the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2. In order to rotate or pivot the flow reduction element 13 into the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower, the flow reduction device 10 has an electromagnet 15, which is arranged laterally from the blower 2 and coupled to the flow reduction device 10. The electromagnet 15 is connected via a lever mechanism 16 with a projecting from the insertion plate 11 end of the drive shaft 14 and also coupled control technology with the combustion device 1 or its ignition control. When the combustion mixture is ignited or when the combustion device 1 is started, this coupling causes a voltage to be applied to the electromagnet 15 in parallel with the activation of the ignition electrode, thereby moving a fork head 17, coupled to the lever mechanism 16, of the electromagnet 15 designed in the manner of a lifting magnet. The parallel application of a voltage to ignition electrode and electromagnet 15 can be done for example by an ignition transformer 18 which is coupled to both components. When voltage is applied to the electromagnet 15, the movement of the fork head 17 is transmitted via the lever mechanism 16 to the drive shaft 14 and leads to a pivoting or rotation of the flow-reducing element 13. Thus, the flow-reducing element 13 from the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 opening position in the the outlet opening 8 of Blower 2 reducing position moves against the force of the return element, which finally reduces the remaining free cross section of the outlet opening 8 of the blower. As soon as the voltage for the ignition transformer is no longer present, no voltage is applied to the electromagnet 15. As a result, the restoring element urges the flow rate reducing element 13 into the position opening the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2, so that the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 is essentially free and the combustion mixture can flow through unhindered.

Der Fachmann wird erkennen, dass die Durchflussreduziervorrichtung statt eines Elektromagneten auch ein anderes geeignetes Stellmittel aufweisen kann, welches die Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements signal- und/oder spannungsabhängig von der Verbrennungseinrichtung oder deren Zündsteuerung verändert. Beispielsweise könnte ein Elektromotor oder ein pneumatisches Stellmittel zur Bewegung des als Klappenelement ausgebildeten Durchflussreduzierelements verwendet werden, wobei die Aktivierung des Elektromotors oder des pneumatischen Stellmittels steuerungstechnisch mit der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 oder deren Zündsteuerung gekoppelt sein kann.The person skilled in the art will recognize that instead of an electromagnet, the flow-reducing device can also have another suitable adjusting means, which changes the position of the flow-reducing element signal-dependent and / or voltage-dependent on the combustion device or its ignition control. For example, an electric motor or a pneumatic adjusting means could be used to move the valve designed as a flow reduction element, the activation of the electric motor or the pneumatic actuator may be coupled with the combustion device 1 or its ignition control control technology.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Starten der vormischenden Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 für einen Heizkessel wird das aus Brennstoff bzw. Verbrennungsgas und Verbrennungsluft gebildete Verbrennungsgemisch von der stromauf des Gebläses 2 angeordneten Mischeinrichtung 3 aufbereitet. Das aufbereitete Verbrennungsgemisch wird dann mittels des Gebläses 2 von der Auslassöffnung 8 über den Brennzylinder 9 zu der Verbrennungszone gefördert. Nur während der Startphase der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 wird das zwischen der Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 und dem Brennzylinder 9 angeordnete Durchflussreduzierelement 13 der Durchflussreduziervorrichtung 10 aus der die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 öffnenden Stellung in die die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 verkleinernde Stellung bewegt, wobei hierbei der freibleibende Querschnitt der Auslassöffnung 8 auf 15% bis 45%, vorzugsweise 30%, des Querschnitts der Auslassöffnung 8 bei geöffneter Stellung des Durchflussreduzierelements 13 verkleinert wird. Nach dem Starten der Verbrennungseinrichtung 1 wird dann das Durchflussreduzierelement 13 aus der die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 verkleinernden Stellung in die die Auslassöffnung 8 des Gebläses 2 freigebende Stellung bewegt. Auf diese Weise können Pulsationen wären der Startphase des Heizkessels vermieden werden, die sonst zu Störungen führen können.In the method according to the invention for starting the premixing combustion device 1 for a heating boiler, the combustion mixture formed from fuel or combustion gas and combustion air is conditioned by the mixing device 3 arranged upstream of the blower 2. The conditioned combustion mixture is then conveyed by means of the blower 2 from the outlet opening 8 via the combustion cylinder 9 to the combustion zone. Only during the starting phase of the combustion device 1, the flow reduction element 13 of the flow reduction device 10 arranged between the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 and the combustion cylinder 9 is moved from the position opening the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 into the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2, in which case the remaining cross section of the outlet opening 8 to 15% to 45%, preferably 30%, the cross-section of the outlet opening 8 is reduced in the open position of the flow reduction 13. After starting the combustion device 1, the flow reduction element 13 is then moved out of the position reducing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2 into the position releasing the outlet opening 8 of the blower 2. In this way, pulsations could be avoided the startup phase of the boiler, which can otherwise lead to disturbances.

Claims (8)

  1. A premixing combustion device (1) for a heating boiler, comprising a burner cylinder (9), a mixing device (3) and a blower (2), which delivers a combustion mixture composed of fuel and air from an outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) via the burner cylinder (9) to a combustion zone, wherein the mixing device (3) arranged upstream of the blower (2) prepares the combustion mixture, and a throughflow reduction device (10) which is arranged between the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) and the burner cylinder (9) is provided with a throughflow reduction element (13), wherein the throughflow reduction element (13) can be adjusted between a position that opens the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) and a position that reduces the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2),
    characterized in
    that upon starting the combustion device (1), the throughflow reduction element (13) can be arranged in the position that reduces the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2), and after the ignition of the combustion mixture, it can be arranged in the position that opens the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2), and
    that the throughflow reduction device (10) has an actuating means that is coupled to the combustion device (1) in such a manner that the actuating means moves the throughflow reduction element (13) only during the ignition phase from the position that opens the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) into the position that reduces the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2).
  2. The premixing combustion device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the position of the throughflow reduction element (13), which position reduces the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2), the cross-section of the outlet opening (8) that remains free is 15% to 45% of the cross-section of the outlet opening (8) when the throughflow reduction element (13) is in the open position.
  3. The premixing combustion device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throughflow reduction element (13) is a rotatably mounted flap element.
  4. The premixing combustion device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throughflow reduction device (10) has a restoring element that applies a force that forces the throughflow reduction element (13) into the position that opens the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2).
  5. The premixing combustion device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the actuating means is an electromagnet (15) that is coupled to the combustion device (1) in such a manner that upon starting the combustion device (1), the electromagnet (15) moves the throughflow reduction element (13), against the force of the restoring element, from the position that opens the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) into the position that reduces the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2).
  6. A method for starting a premixing combustion device (1) for a heating boiler, wherein a combustion mixture formed from fuel and air is prepared by a mixing device (3) arranged upstream of a blower (2), and wherein proceeding from an outlet opening (8) of the blower (2), the combustion mixture is delivered via a burner cylinder (9) to a combustion zone, characterized in that at the same time as the start of the combustion device (1), a throughflow reduction element (13) of a throughflow reduction device (10), which throughflow reduction element is arranged between the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) and the burner cylinder (9), is moved from a position that opens the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) into a position that reduces the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2).
  7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that in the position of the throughflow element (13), which position reduces the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2), the cross-section of the outlet opening (8) that remains free is reduced to 15% to 45% of the cross-section of the outlet opening (8) when the throughflow reduction element (13) is in the open position.
  8. The method according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that after starting the combustion device (1), the throughflow reduction element (13) is moved from the position that reduces the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) into the position that releases the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2).
EP10170814.7A 2010-07-26 2010-07-26 Premixing combustion device Active EP2413031B1 (en)

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EP10170814.7A EP2413031B1 (en) 2010-07-26 2010-07-26 Premixing combustion device
ES10170814.7T ES2474417T3 (en) 2010-07-26 2010-07-26 Combustion installation with pre-mixing
CA2747176A CA2747176C (en) 2010-07-26 2011-07-22 Premixing combustion device
JP2011161644A JP6042601B2 (en) 2010-07-26 2011-07-25 Premixed combustion device
US13/189,930 US9052108B2 (en) 2010-07-26 2011-07-25 Premixing combustion device
CN201110214537.4A CN102345877B (en) 2010-07-26 2011-07-26 Premixing combustion device

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CN102345877B (en) 2015-09-02
CA2747176C (en) 2017-01-03
EP2413031A1 (en) 2012-02-01
US9052108B2 (en) 2015-06-09
JP6042601B2 (en) 2016-12-14
ES2474417T3 (en) 2014-07-09
US20120021365A1 (en) 2012-01-26
CN102345877A (en) 2012-02-08
JP2012026715A (en) 2012-02-09
CA2747176A1 (en) 2012-01-26

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