EP2411734A1 - System to lower emissions and improve energy efficiency on fossil fuels and bio-fuels combustion systems - Google Patents
System to lower emissions and improve energy efficiency on fossil fuels and bio-fuels combustion systemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2411734A1 EP2411734A1 EP10755371A EP10755371A EP2411734A1 EP 2411734 A1 EP2411734 A1 EP 2411734A1 EP 10755371 A EP10755371 A EP 10755371A EP 10755371 A EP10755371 A EP 10755371A EP 2411734 A1 EP2411734 A1 EP 2411734A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- evaporator
- burner
- housing
- flue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 28
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010744 Boudouard reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
- F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/68—Treating the combustion air or gas, e.g. by filtering, or moistening
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
- F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/002—Supplying water
- F23L7/005—Evaporated water; Steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/16—Waste heat
- F24D2200/18—Flue gas recuperation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a water heater system wherein the amount of water and the temperature of the air are closed loop controlled for reducing NOx production.
- a water heater system comprising: a hot water boiler having top, bottom and side walls; a flue connected to the top wall; a burner secured to a side wall of the first housing; a combustible feeder connected to the burner; an evaporator having a housing comprising an outlet, heat exchange elements located in the housing and a water discharge device spaced above the heat exchange elements, wherein the evaporator provides a source of humid air to the burner for increasing the combustion products dew point and to reduce NOx emissions when burned; and a heat recovery system connected to the flue wherein the heat is used for heating water used by the water discharge device.
- the water heater system further comprises a flue gas analyzer connected to the flue and to the outlet of the evaporator for measuring the level of at least one of CO 2 , thermal and fuel NOx and H 2 O and for measuring the temperature and water content at the outlet of the evaporator; and a controller for analyzing the values obtained from the flue gas analyzer, wherein if at least one of these values, alone or in combination, indicates a sub-optimal combustion condition, the controller adjust the operation parameters of the water heater system to reach optimal combustion condition.
- the heat recovery system is a source of hot water such as an indirect economizer.
- the right amount of water is taken from the heat recovery system based on controller output.
- other types of heat recovery systems would be suitable for the present invention and that water could be heated separately from the heat coming from the heat recovery system.
- This system could be used replacing the hot water boiler with other types of heating device such as steam boilers and cogen units.
- Figure 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of the system of an embodiment of the present invention.
- the invention relates to a water heater system in which hot water from a heat recovery system is used to warm and humidify a flow of intake air to the burner.
- the objectives are to reduce energy consumption and to reduce flame temperature so thermal and fuel NOx" s will be reduced.
- An advantage of the present invention is that the amount of water and the temperature of the air are closed loop controlled to the maximum level before negative effects appear.
- the nitrogen bound in the fuel is released as a free radical, and ultimately forms free N2, or NO.
- Fuel NOx can contribute as much as 50% of total emissions when burning oil and as much as 80% when burning coal.
- By humidifying the combustion air we are significantly reducing the amount of fuel bound NOx converted to free N 2 or NO.
- the objective of the system is to ensure that the moisture content of the combustion air of coal, oil or any biomass burner air is kept at maximum practical level because the water vapor in the combustion air creates conditions that improve gasification.
- Gasification is a process that converts solid carbonaceous materials (coal, petroleum products, or biomass) by thermochemical reactions into a fuel gas known as syngas, which is rich in hydrogen and carbon moNOxide.
- the process needs to operate with an oxidizer (air, oxygen, steam or a combination) under sub-conditions. However, usually air and steam mixture are commonly used oxidizer in industry. Then, the syngas can be directly fired into gas turbines or boilers. The overall process is done in several processes and zones:
- the pyrolysis process occurs as the solid carbonaceous material heats up (302- 1292°F) in the absence of oxygen to release volatiles (tar, hydrogen, and carbon moNOxide) and produce char.
- volatiles tar, hydrogen, and carbon moNOxide
- the weight loss of the solid materials depends on its volatiles content and also on the operating conditions.
- C represents the carbon-containing solid and/or char.
- the aim is to use the gasification air humidification to enhance the overall gasification process, hence increasing the quantity and the high heating value of the generated syngas.
- the flame temperature is estimated from the flue gas temperature.
- the CO level is measured from the flue gas. If the flue gas temperature goes below a predetermined value, while maintaining the CO concentration at the limit of 400 PPM, it is an indication that the combustion process is adversely affected by the high water content of the combustion air.
- control system In parallel to controlling these two output parameters, the control system will monitor the following input parameters:
- control system When temperature or CO content of the flue gas indicates sub-optimal combustion conditions, the control system will change the above inputs (points 1 to 3) to reestablish optimal combustion conditions.
- the commands of the control system will be based on the level of these 3 input parameters, according to the following priorities.
- the system (10) comprises an evaporator (20) having a vertical cylindrical housing (22). Heat exchange elements (24) are provided inside the housing (22). Water is sprayed through a water discharge device (26) on top of the heat exchange elements (24) and drop down the housing (22). The humidified air is evacuated by an outlet (28) to reach the burner (38) of the hot water boiler (30). The downward flow of hot water exchanges heat with the upward flow of air provided by an air inlet (29).
- Various techniques can be used to improve heat exchange performance like packing, number of spraying head, size of the water particulates, etc.
- the hot water boiler (30) comprises top and bottom walls (32) (34) and side walls (36) and the burner (38) is secured to one of the side walls (36).
- a combustible feeder (39) is attached to the burner (38) for providing the combustible needed.
- the hot water boiler (30) further comprises a flue (40) for evacuating the flue gas.
- a heat recovery system (42) which is an indirect economizer and is used as a source of hot water.
- the flue gas then passes through a flue gas analyzer (50) which measures the level of CO 2 , thermal and fuel NOx, H 2 O and any other parameter of the flue gas. It also measure the temperature and water content at the outlet (28) of the evaporator (20).
- the flue gas analyzer (50) is connected to a controller (60).
- the controller (60) uses the information from the flue gas analyzer (50) to determine the proper amount of hot water to feed to the evaporator (20), based on water temperature, and quality of the combustion.
- the control algorithm fuzzy logic or else keeps in optimal operating conditions for maximum energy savings, reducing pollutant emissions, with the maximum amount in the air without reducing burner efficiency.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16361809P | 2009-03-26 | 2009-03-26 | |
PCT/CA2010/000463 WO2010108281A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | System to lower emissions and improve energy efficiency on fossil fuels and bio-fuels combustion systems |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2411734A1 true EP2411734A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
EP2411734A4 EP2411734A4 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=42780114
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10755371.1A Withdrawn EP2411734A4 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | System to lower emissions and improve energy efficiency on fossil fuels and bio-fuels combustion systems |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120085339A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2411734A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5653996B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102439359A (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI1014209A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2756557A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010108281A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103449488B (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2016-04-13 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Reduce the method that Aluminium hydroxide roasting Process Energy consumes |
CN103574580B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-07-01 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Thermal power generating unit NOx discharge monitoring method and system |
EP3290794A1 (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-07 | Technip France | Method for reducing nox emission |
CN107238092A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-10-10 | 清华大学 | The method and apparatus of coal-burning boiler smoke evacuation ultralow temperature condensing units and air intake humidification |
US11441199B2 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-09-13 | Les Équipements Lapierre Inc. | Controller of the release of energy of a combustion of biomass, system provided with such a controller, kit for assembling the same, and corresponding methods of assembling, operating and use associated thereto |
US11624097B2 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2023-04-11 | Les Equipements Lapierre Inc. | Evaporator system, kit for assembling the same, and corresponding methods of assembling, operating and use associated thereto |
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2010
- 2010-03-26 BR BRPI1014209A patent/BRPI1014209A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-03-26 JP JP2012501098A patent/JP5653996B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-26 WO PCT/CA2010/000463 patent/WO2010108281A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-03-26 CN CN2010800224267A patent/CN102439359A/en active Pending
- 2010-03-26 US US13/259,933 patent/US20120085339A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-03-26 EP EP10755371.1A patent/EP2411734A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-26 CA CA2756557A patent/CA2756557A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2010108281A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
US20120085339A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
JP5653996B2 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
CN102439359A (en) | 2012-05-02 |
JP2012521530A (en) | 2012-09-13 |
BRPI1014209A2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
CA2756557A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
EP2411734A4 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
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