CN102439359A - System to lower emissions and improve energy efficiency on fossil fuels and bio-fuels combustion systems - Google Patents

System to lower emissions and improve energy efficiency on fossil fuels and bio-fuels combustion systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102439359A
CN102439359A CN2010800224267A CN201080022426A CN102439359A CN 102439359 A CN102439359 A CN 102439359A CN 2010800224267 A CN2010800224267 A CN 2010800224267A CN 201080022426 A CN201080022426 A CN 201080022426A CN 102439359 A CN102439359 A CN 102439359A
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Prior art keywords
water
burner
evaporimeter
flue
heat
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法迪·埃尔达巴格
吕克·芒德维尔
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D12/00Other central heating systems
    • F24D12/02Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/68Treating the combustion air or gas, e.g. by filtering, or moistening
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04Arrangements of recuperators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002Supplying water
    • F23L7/005Evaporated water; Steam
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/20Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2035Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16Waste heat
    • F24D2200/18Flue gas recuperation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a water heater system comprising: a hot water boiler having top, bottom and side walls; a flue connected to the top wall; a burner secured to a side wall of the first housing; a combustible feeder connected to the burner; an evaporator having a housing, the housing comprising an outlet, heat exchange elements located in the housing and a water discharge device spaced above the heat exchange elements, wherein the evaporator provides a source of humid air to the burner for increasing the combustion product dew point and to reduce NOx emission when burned; and a heat recovery system connected to the flue wherein the heat is used for heating water used by the water discharge device.

Description

Reduce the discharging of fossil fuel and bio-fuel combustion system and improve the system of its energy efficiency
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of water heater system, wherein the temperature of the amount of water and air is produced to be used to reducing NOx by closed-loop control.
Background of invention
In view of the raising of energy prices, coal is compared with oil or natural gas becomes a kind of cheap energy.In hot-water boiler, coal largely by natural gas, electricity and oily the replacement, is serious pollutant because of coal as optional fuel source partly.Yet, because coal is economical, for the increase in demand of the hot-water heating system of utilizing coal burner.Coal is economical, but except that other material, also produces NOx, and NOx becomes the reason such as environmental problems such as smog, acid rains.
Be, can realize significant energy conservation and reduce NOx through the air inlet of humidification neat gas burner with knowing.Yet, saving for keeping, such air wetting system is based on the steam pump principle, wherein uses the energy of flue gas to heat the combustion air with the humidification burner.
In the art technology present situation, because the high water content of flue gas, such system is confined to neat gas burner.From the condensate that cools off these flue gases acquisitions is about 140 ℃.And then this condensate is used for heating the air inlet with the humidification burner.Energy shifts and limited by this temperature.
Yet coal produces the flue gas contain water still less than natural gas, and the dew point of gained (dew point) is to such an extent as to too lowly can not utilize the steam pump device.
Therefore be starved of a kind of boiler, wherein use heat recovery system to heat the air-flow that leads to the air inlet of burner with humidification.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention; A kind of water heater system is provided; Comprise: hot-water boiler, it has roof, diapire and sidewall, be connected to the flue of said roof, be fixed to the sidewall of first shell burner, be connected to the combustible feed appliance of burner; Evaporimeter with shell; Said shell comprises outlet, be arranged in the heat exchange elements of shell and above heat exchange elements drainage arrangement spaced apart, wherein said evaporimeter to source that burner provides humid air with the dew point that improves combustion product and the NOx discharging when reducing burning; With the heat recovery system that is connected to flue, wherein heat is used to heat the used water of drainage arrangement.
In concrete embodiment of the present invention, the water heater system also comprises: flue gas analyser, this flue gas analyser is connected to the outlet of flue and evaporimeter, to be used for measure CO 2, heating power type NOx and fuel type NOx (thermal and fuel NOx) and H 2At least a level among the O, and be used to measure temperature and water content in the exit of evaporimeter; And controller, it is used to analyze the value that obtains from flue gas analyser, if at least one during wherein these are worth indicated the suboptimum fired state individually or in combination, then the operating parameter of controller adjustment water heater system is to reach the optimal combustion state.
In embodiment preferred of the present invention, heat recovery system is the source of hot water, such as indirect saveall (economizer).Export from heat recovery system based on controller and obtain the correct water yield.Be, other type of heat recovery system will be suitable for the present invention with will also be understood that, and water can be heated by the heat from heat recovery system individually.
Can use this system to substitute to have the hot-water boiler such as steam boiler and cogeneration units (cogen unit) of other type firing equipment.
The accompanying drawing summary
With reference to the description below combining, the understanding that will improve of other aspect of the present invention and advantage, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of simplification of the system of embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention relates to a kind of water heater system, wherein the hot water from heat recovery system is used to heat the air-flow that leads to the air inlet of burner with humidification.Purpose is to reduce energy consumption and reduce flame temperature, thereby will reduce heating power type NOx and fuel type NOx.An advantage of the invention is before the appearance of negative effect the amount of water and the closed circuit highest level that controls to of temperature of air.
Following parameter has certain effect: there is water droplet simultaneously in the condensation of water in the air pipe line in air; Keep the O of burning 2The reduction of utilizability; With existence such as the residue of combustion of cigarette ash.
NOx product main source from such as some coal and the nitrogenous fuel of oil is the conversion of the nitrogen of fuel-bound in the combustion process to NOx.In the combustion process, the nitrogen that combines in the fuel discharges as free radical, and the final N that dissociates that forms 2Or NO.When combustion oil, fuel type NOx can account for nearly 50% of total discharging, and fuel type NOx can account for total discharging when coal combustion reaches 80%.Through the humidification combustion air, reduce changing into free N significantly 2Or the amount of the NOx of the fuel-bound of NO.
Control strategy:
The purpose of native system is to remain on maximum real standard in order to ensure the water capacity with the combustion air of coal, oil or any biomass burner air, because the steam in the combustion air has been created the condition that improves gasification.
Gasification is through thermal chemical reaction solid carbonaceous substance (coal, petroleum product or living beings) to be changed into the fuel gas that is called as synthesis gas, and fuel gas is rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide.This process need utilizes oxidant (air, oxygen, steam or mixture) to carry out under side conditions (sub-condition).Yet, usually air and vapour mixture are used as oxidant in the industry.Then, can in gas turbine or boiler, directly light gaseous mixture.Whole process is carried out in some programs and zone:
A) pyrolysis
B) oxidation
C) gasification and hydrogenation
Pyrolytic process takes place during with solid carbonaceous substance heating (302-1292 ℉), with dispense volatiles (tar, hydrogen and carbon monoxide) and produce burning (char) under having the situation of oxygen.The loss in weight of solid matter depends on its volatile content and also depends on operating condition.
In oxide regions, some in the volatile matter of release and the following exothermic oxidation reaction (1292-3632 ℉) of burning experience:
Figure BDA0000111001500000041
Figure BDA0000111001500000043
Figure BDA0000111001500000044
Wherein C represents carbonaceous solids and/or burning.
When generating gasification and step of hydrogenation, spent and unburned product and steam pass charcoal bed, reaction (1472-2012 ℉) below in said charcoal bed, taking place:
Figure BDA0000111001500000045
(5) " carbon element solution loss reaction (Boudouard reaction): heat absorption "
Figure BDA0000111001500000046
(6) " water-solid/liquid/gas reactions: heat absorption "
Figure BDA0000111001500000047
(7) " water shift reaction: heat release "
(8) " methanation: heat release "
Be to notice, reversible gas phase water gas shift reaction reaches poised state very fast under the temperature of gasifier importantly, so the result is the concentration with balance carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
Purpose is to utilize the gasification air humidification to improve the integrated gasification process, thereby improves the amount and the high heat value of the synthesis gas that produces.
For process is maintained under the optimum control, monitor two parameters: the CO level of flame temperature and flue gas.Along with the moisture content increase of combustion air, flame temperature descends, and CO content rises.
Flame temperature is estimated from the flue gas temperature.The CO level is measured from flue gas.If the flue gas temperature drops to below the predetermined value, keep the limit of CO concentration simultaneously at 400PPM, this indication combustion process has received the adverse effect of the high-moisture of combustion air.
With these two output parameters of control side by side, the control system will monitor following input parameter:
1. ambient air temperature and humidity ratio.
2. flow of inlet water and temperature.Need to measure water inlet/water flow and temperature to control the level of the combustion air humidification in the evaporimeter.
3. leave the saturated combustion air temperature of evaporimeter.
When the temperature of flue air or CO content indication suboptimum fired state, the control system will change above input (the 1st to 3 point) with the reconstruction optimal combustion state.According to following priority, the instruction of control system will be based on the level of these 3 input parameters.
Existing with reference to Fig. 1, located to show an embodiment of water heater of the present invention system in (10).System (10) comprises the evaporimeter (20) with vertical cylinder blanket (22).Be provided with heat exchange elements (24) in shell (22) inside.Water is ejected into through drainage arrangement (26) on the top of heat exchange elements (24) and along shell (22) and descends.The air of humidification is discharged to arrive the burner (38) of hot-water boiler (30) through outlet (28).Downward flow of hot water and the air that the makes progress stream exchanged heat that provides by air intlet (29).Can use multiple technologies to improve heat exchange performance, like the quantity of filler, shower nozzle, size of water particulate or the like.Because air is saturated, dew point is about 190 ℉, uses heater coil further to add hot-air, anti-sealing condensation in pipeline or boiler element again.
Hot-water boiler (30) comprises roof and diapire (32), (34) and sidewall (36), and burner (38) be fixed to sidewall (36) one of them.Combustible feed appliance (39) is connected to burner (38) so that required combustible to be provided.Hot-water boiler (30) comprises that also flue (40) is to discharge flue gas.Flue (40) is connected with heat recovery system (42), and this heat recovery system (42) is indirect saveall and the source that is used as hot water.
Flue gas passes flue gas analyser (50) then, flue gas analyser (50) measure CO 2, heating power type NOx and fuel type NOx, H 2Any other parameter of the level of O and flue gas.Flue gas analyser (50) is also measured temperature and the water content that the outlet (28) of evaporimeter (20) is located.Flue gas analyser (50) is connected to controller (60).Controller (60) uses from the information of flue gas analyser (50) the suitable amount with the hot water of confirming to supply to evaporimeter (20) based on the quality of water temperature and burning.Control algolithm (fuzzy logic or other) control optimal operating condition so that the energy saving maximization, reduce pollutant emission, makes the amount maximization of air simultaneously and does not reduce combustor efficiency.

Claims (2)

1. water heater system comprises:
Hot-water boiler, it has:
Roof, diapire and sidewall;
Be connected to the flue of said roof;
Be fixed to the burner of a sidewall;
Be connected to the combustible feed appliance of said burner;
Evaporimeter; It has shell; Said shell comprises outlet, be arranged in the heat exchange elements of said shell and above said heat exchange elements drainage arrangement spaced apart, wherein said evaporimeter is the NOx discharging when being used to improve the dew point of combustion product and reducing burning to source that said burner provides humid air; And
Heat recovery system, it is connected to said flue, and wherein said heat is used to heat the employed water of said drainage arrangement.
2. the system of claim 1 also comprises:
Flue gas analyser, it is connected to the said outlet of said flue and said evaporimeter, to be used for measure CO 2, heating power type NOx and fuel type NOx and H 2At least a level and being used to is measured the temperature and the water content in the said exit of said evaporimeter among the O; With
Controller, it is used for Analysis for CO 2, heating power type NOx and fuel type NOx and H 2The said temperature and the water content in the said exit of at least a said level and said evaporimeter among the O; If wherein at least one in this value indicated the suboptimum fired state individually or in combination, then said controller is adjusted the operating parameter of said water heater system to reach the optimal combustion state.
CN2010800224267A 2009-03-26 2010-03-26 System to lower emissions and improve energy efficiency on fossil fuels and bio-fuels combustion systems Pending CN102439359A (en)

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US16361809P 2009-03-26 2009-03-26
US61/163,618 2009-03-26
PCT/CA2010/000463 WO2010108281A1 (en) 2009-03-26 2010-03-26 System to lower emissions and improve energy efficiency on fossil fuels and bio-fuels combustion systems

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