EP2411659B1 - Method for igniting a combustible mixture for a combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for igniting a combustible mixture for a combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2411659B1 EP2411659B1 EP10715975.8A EP10715975A EP2411659B1 EP 2411659 B1 EP2411659 B1 EP 2411659B1 EP 10715975 A EP10715975 A EP 10715975A EP 2411659 B1 EP2411659 B1 EP 2411659B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- spark
- mixture
- mhz
- duration
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
- F02P15/08—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
- F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
- F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general, to an ignition process for a heat engine.
- radio frequency spark plugs adapted to generate a branched spark from the tip of an electrode.
- radiofrequency spark plugs are adapted, in particular by the shape and arrangement of their electrodes, to generate a branched spark when this electrode is powered using an alternating electric signal of higher frequency 1 MHz.
- a branched spark produced by a radiofrequency candle is more likely to ignite a mixture of oxidant and fuel than a linear spark from a conventional candle, since the branched spark extends into a zone of volume greater than the area in which extends the linear spark produced by a conventional candle.
- the invention therefore relates more particularly to a method for igniting a mixture of oxidant and fuel in a combustion chamber of a combustion engine using a radiofrequency spark plug generating a branched spark from the tip of an electrode, the spark plug being arranged to open into said combustion chamber of the engine, the method comprising a first step of feeding said spark plug to the using a first AC signal of higher frequency 1 MHz.
- the document FR2913297 proposes a method of ignition using a radiofrequency spark plug in which a resonator is controlled during ignition by means of a control signal in the form of a plurality of pulse trains, each train having a very short duration, for example from 5 to 10 ⁇ s.
- This command consists in making multi-ignitions.
- the term " supply of the candle” consists of feeding the electrode of the candle with a tip using a higher frequency alternating electric signal. at 1Mhz, in this case it is a power supply of the pointed electrode by alternative signals hereinafter called the first and second alternative electrical signals.
- This type of ignition process performed by supplying at least one spark plug with an AC electrical signal with a frequency greater than 1 MHz is known as a radiofrequency ignition process.
- a goal sought by the present invention is to improve the volume of inflamed mixture and also to reduce misbehaving mixture inflammations despite the power supply of the candle.
- the ignition method of the invention is essentially characterized in that it comprises a second step of feeding said spark plug to using a second signal alternating electric frequency higher than 1 MHz, this second step being subsequent to the first step and being spaced in time with respect to the first step of a spacing period.
- the spark produced by the spark plug when powered with an electrical signal of frequency greater than 1 MHz has a shape that branches in the mixture and generally has several branches.
- the spark has several portions whose diameter decreases going from the origin of the spark (that is to say at the point where the spark ignites) towards its ends (the place where the spark ceases to spread). It has been noticed that the temperature of the spark varies along the spark and decreases with the diameter of the spark portions.
- the flame in the mixture is initiated at the hottest spots of the mixture, i.e. at the spark portions that have the largest diameters. It has also been found that when two sparks are triggered consecutively and prior to ignition of the mixture, the second spark occurs substantially at the same location as the first spark while having fewer branches. Thus, the mixture is preheated in the vicinity of the sparks produced by the first step, then thanks to the second step, producing less branched sparks, the temperature rise continues beyond the temperature obtained by the first step and this to initiate combustion. The mixing volume in which the combustion caused by the second stage is initiated is therefore greater than the volume of mixture which would be ignited via the first step alone.
- the ignition of the mixture present in the combustion chamber is initiated by at least two distinct signals of respective frequencies greater than 1 MHz which generate respectively at least two radiofrequency sparks.
- the volume of inflamed mixture is greater than it would be if the ignition was initiated by a single electrical signal.
- the invention thus makes it possible to reduce the number of ignition misfires and the unburnt fuel volume while increasing the flame propagation speed in the chamber.
- the spacing time between the first and second steps is greater than the duration of the first step.
- this minimum delay condition between the two stages / sparks makes it possible to reduce the number of branches of the second spark relative to the first spark. Allowing for an extension of the branches and an increase in the average diameter of the branches of the second spark relative to the first spark. This average diameter is calculated over the length of a given spark branch.
- the spacing interval between the first and second steps is between 1 and 5 times the duration of the first step.
- said first and second signals have respective frequencies preferably greater than 1 MHz
- each of said first and second electrical signals has specific parameters such as the voltage amplitude of the signal U, the frequency of the alternating electric signal F, the total duration of the signal D, and that one at least parameters of at least one of said first and second signals are determined during a step prior to said first and second steps as a function of parameters determining the combustion, these parameters determining the combustion being measured and / or estimated and comprising at least one pressure in the combustion chamber P, a temperature T representative of the temperature inside the chamber, the richness of the mixture of fuel and oxidant, and a rate of burnt gases present in the mixture.
- Determining at least one of the parameters of at least one of the first and second signals as a function of operating characteristics of the engine makes it possible to adapt the nature of the spark produced during the first and / or second step depending on the conditions prevailing in the chamber which optimizes the ignition conditions.
- the duration of the first step is between 150 and 250 ⁇ s
- that the duration of the second step is between 150 and 250 ⁇ s and that said spacing interval between the first and second stages is included. between 250 and 750 ⁇ s.
- the first signal is emitted during the entire first step and only during this first step.
- the second signal is emitted during the entire second step and only during this second step.
- the formation time of the flame front core in the combustion chamber is about 2000 ⁇ s, which is particularly fast and that while increasing the rate of ignition successful.
- the invention also relates to a system for igniting a mixture of oxidant and fuel for a heat engine comprising a current generator and at least one spark plug connected to said generator, said generator being adapted to generate a first signal alternating current of 1 MHz higher frequency and a second AC electrical signal of greater frequency 1 MHz.
- the system of the invention is characterized in that said generator is adapted to space in time said first and second AC electrical signals with a spacing delay and is adapted to the implementation of the method according to the invention.
- the first and second signals generated by the current generator are such that they allow the generation, via the candle thus supplied, of sparks spaced apart from each other by the predetermined spacing time delay.
- the invention also relates to a combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber and the aforementioned ignition system.
- the invention relates to a method for igniting a mixture of oxidizer and fuel in a combustion chamber using a spark plug and the ignition system 10 for carrying out the method according to the invention and a motor including this system.
- the figure 1 represents a spark plug 3 connected to the generator G which is adapted to deliver first and second AC electrical signals 4, 5 of frequencies greater than or equal to 1 MHz for a duration of at least 150 ⁇ s, these signals being spaced one by one. on the other a delay 6 between 200 and 600 ⁇ s.
- This phasing of the signals is represented on the curve 2 where we see the first candle supply signal 4 emitted during a first step 4 followed by a delay without signal 6, itself immediately followed by a second signal 5 issued during the second step 5.
- the spacing time 6 between the first and second signals is chosen to be greater than at least once the duration of the first signal (i.e. the duration of the first step 4), in this case, this spacing time 6 and here of 1500 ⁇ s is 3.3 times greater than the duration of the first signal 4 (that is to say 150 ⁇ s).
- the horizontal dotted line of the figure 1 represents a threshold of minimum temperature necessary for the inflammation. In order for the mixture to ignite, this mixture must be heated by the spark at a temperature above the ignition temperature threshold.
- the possible ignition zone is of a maximum length "a" much smaller than the length "b" defining the possible area of ignition when the candle is powered with the second signal after the first.
- the ignition zone during the second signal is much greater than the ignition zone during the first signal, which makes it possible to accelerate the flame propagation speed in the chamber and to reduce unburnt and misfires.
- the mixing ignition zone 8 (“8" representing the ignited mixture volume) in the combustion chamber 2 is further extended using the method according to the invention, with two successive high frequency candle supply signals and spaced apart from each other by a given minimum period ( figure 5b ) the area of ignition resulting from a single signal ( figure 5a ).
- a given signal (first or second signal emitted during the first or second step 4, 5) has an alternating voltage U of candle tip (of frequency F) whose amplitude increases starting from the beginning of the step d candle supply up reach a maximum voltage.
- This first portion X of voltage amplitude increase U corresponds to the spark filament forming portion.
- this second part Y of the signal corresponds to the period of temperature rise of the filaments of the spark.
- the signal is transmitted over a duration D which corresponds to the duration of the candle feeding step 3.
- these signal parameters U, F and D of each of the first and / or second signals can be predetermined as a function of engine operating parameters such as the pressure P and / or the temperature T in FIG. chamber 2 and / or the richness of the inflamed mixture 8.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne, de façon générale, un procédé d'allumage pour moteur thermique.The present invention relates, in general, to an ignition process for a heat engine.
Il est connu dans le domaine des procédés d'allumage pour moteur thermique des procédés utilisant des bougies d'allumage conventionnelle que l'on retrouve par exemple dans les documents brevets
Pour répondre aux problèmes de défauts d'allumages engendrés par des bougies conventionnelles qui ne peuvent générer que des étincelles linéaires il a été proposé, des bougies d'allumage radiofréquence adaptées à générer une étincelle ramifiée depuis la pointe d'une électrode. Contrairement aux bougies traditionnelles qui ne permettent que de générer des étincelles linéaires, des telles bougies d'allumage radiofréquence sont adaptées, en particulier par la forme et la disposition de leurs électrodes, à générer une étincelle ramifiée lorsque cette électrode est alimentée à l'aide d'un signal électrique alternatif de fréquence supérieure 1 MHz.In order to respond to the problems of ignition failures caused by conventional spark plugs which can only generate linear sparks, it has been proposed that radio frequency spark plugs adapted to generate a branched spark from the tip of an electrode. Unlike traditional candles which only allow to generate linear sparks, such radiofrequency spark plugs are adapted, in particular by the shape and arrangement of their electrodes, to generate a branched spark when this electrode is powered using an alternating electric signal of
Une étincelle ramifiée produite à l'aide d'une bougie radiofréquence a plus de chances d'enflammer un mélange de comburant et de carburant qu'une étincelle linéaire d'une bougie conventionnelle, puisque l'étincelle ramifiée s'étend dans une zone de volume supérieur à la zone dans laquelle s'étend l'étincelle linéaire produite par une bougie conventionnelle.A branched spark produced by a radiofrequency candle is more likely to ignite a mixture of oxidant and fuel than a linear spark from a conventional candle, since the branched spark extends into a zone of volume greater than the area in which extends the linear spark produced by a conventional candle.
L'invention concerne donc plus particulièrement, un procédé d'allumage d'un mélange de comburant et de carburant dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur thermique à l'aide d'une bougie d'allumage radiofréquence générant une étincelle ramifiée depuis la pointe d'une électrode, la bougie étant disposée de manière à déboucher dans ladite chambre de combustion du moteur, le procédé comprenant une première étape d'alimentation de ladite bougie à l'aide d'un premier signal électrique alternatif de fréquence supérieure 1 MHz.The invention therefore relates more particularly to a method for igniting a mixture of oxidant and fuel in a combustion chamber of a combustion engine using a radiofrequency spark plug generating a branched spark from the tip of an electrode, the spark plug being arranged to open into said combustion chamber of the engine, the method comprising a first step of feeding said spark plug to the using a first AC signal of
Le document
Pour la compréhension de l'invention ci-après décrite, le terme « alimentation de la bougie » consiste en l'alimentation de l'électrode de la bougie dotée d'une pointe à l'aide d'un signal électrique alternatif de fréquence supérieure à 1Mhz, en l'occurrence il s'agit d'une alimentation de l'électrode pointue par des signaux alternatifs ci-après nommés les premier et second signaux électriques alternatifs.For the understanding of the invention described below, the term " supply of the candle" consists of feeding the electrode of the candle with a tip using a higher frequency alternating electric signal. at 1Mhz, in this case it is a power supply of the pointed electrode by alternative signals hereinafter called the first and second alternative electrical signals.
Ce type de procédé d'allumage réalisé en alimentant au moins une bougie à l'aide d'un signal électrique alternatif de fréquence supérieure à 1MHz est connu sous le nom de procédé d'allumage radiofréquence.This type of ignition process performed by supplying at least one spark plug with an AC electrical signal with a frequency greater than 1 MHz is known as a radiofrequency ignition process.
Un but recherché par la présente invention est d'améliorer le volume de mélange enflammé et aussi de réduire les inflammations de mélange ratées malgré l'alimentation électrique de la bougie.A goal sought by the present invention is to improve the volume of inflamed mixture and also to reduce misbehaving mixture inflammations despite the power supply of the candle.
A cette fin, le procédé d'allumage de l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule défini précédemment, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que qu'il comprend une seconde étape d'alimentation de ladite bougie à l'aide d'un second signal électrique alternatif de fréquence supérieure 1 MHz, cette seconde étape étant postérieure à la première étape et étant espacée dans le temps par rapport à la première étape d'un délai d'espacement.To this end, the ignition method of the invention, moreover in conformity with the generic definition given in the preamble defined above, is essentially characterized in that it comprises a second step of feeding said spark plug to using a second signal alternating electric frequency higher than 1 MHz, this second step being subsequent to the first step and being spaced in time with respect to the first step of a spacing period.
L'étincelle produite par la bougie lorsqu'elle est alimentée avec un signal électrique de fréquence supérieure à 1 MHz a une forme qui se ramifie dans le mélange et comporte généralement plusieurs branches. L'étincelle comporte plusieurs portions dont le diamètre va en décroissant en allant de l'origine de l'étincelle (c'est-à-dire à l'endroit où se déclenche l'étincelle) vers ses extrémités (l'endroit où l'étincelle cesse de s'étendre). Il a été remarqué que la température de l'étincelle varie le long de l'étincelle et décroit avec le diamètre des portions d'étincelles.The spark produced by the spark plug when powered with an electrical signal of frequency greater than 1 MHz has a shape that branches in the mixture and generally has several branches. The spark has several portions whose diameter decreases going from the origin of the spark (that is to say at the point where the spark ignites) towards its ends (the place where the spark ceases to spread). It has been noticed that the temperature of the spark varies along the spark and decreases with the diameter of the spark portions.
La flamme dans le mélange est initiée aux endroits les plus chauds du mélange, c'est-à-dire au niveau des portions d'étincelle qui ont les diamètres les plus importants. Il a également été constaté que lorsque deux étincelles sont déclenchées consécutivement et préalablement à l'inflammation du mélange, la seconde étincelle se produit sensiblement au même endroit que la première étincelle tout en ayant moins de ramifications. Ainsi, le mélange est préchauffé au voisinage des étincelles produites grâce à la première étape, puis grâce à la seconde étape, produisant des étincelles moins ramifiées, l'élévation de température se poursuit au delà de la température obtenue grâce à la première étape et cela jusqu'à initier la combustion. Le volume de mélange où s'initie la combustion provoquée par la seconde étape est donc supérieur au volume de mélange qui serait enflammé via la seule première étape.The flame in the mixture is initiated at the hottest spots of the mixture, i.e. at the spark portions that have the largest diameters. It has also been found that when two sparks are triggered consecutively and prior to ignition of the mixture, the second spark occurs substantially at the same location as the first spark while having fewer branches. Thus, the mixture is preheated in the vicinity of the sparks produced by the first step, then thanks to the second step, producing less branched sparks, the temperature rise continues beyond the temperature obtained by the first step and this to initiate combustion. The mixing volume in which the combustion caused by the second stage is initiated is therefore greater than the volume of mixture which would be ignited via the first step alone.
Ainsi l'inflammation du mélange présent dans la chambre de combustion est initiée par au moins deux signaux distincts de fréquences respectives supérieures à 1 MHz qui génèrent respectivement au moins deux d'étincelles radiofréquence.Thus, the ignition of the mixture present in the combustion chamber is initiated by at least two distinct signals of respective frequencies greater than 1 MHz which generate respectively at least two radiofrequency sparks.
Grâce à l'invention le volume de mélange enflammé est supérieur à ce qu'il serait si l'inflammation n'était initiée que par un seul signal électrique. L'invention permet donc de réduire le nombre de ratés d'allumage et le volume de carburant imbrûlé tout en augmentant la vitesse de propagation de flamme dans la chambre. Selon l'invention, le délai d'espacement entre les première et seconde étapes est supérieur à la durée de la première étape.Thanks to the invention the volume of inflamed mixture is greater than it would be if the ignition was initiated by a single electrical signal. The invention thus makes it possible to reduce the number of ignition misfires and the unburnt fuel volume while increasing the flame propagation speed in the chamber. According to the invention, the spacing time between the first and second steps is greater than the duration of the first step.
Il a été remarqué que cette condition de délai minimum entre les deux étapes/étincelles permet de réduire le nombre de ramifications de la seconde étincelle par rapport à la première étincelle. Permettant ainsi un allongement des ramifications et un accroissement du diamètre moyen des ramifications de la seconde étincelle par rapport à la première étincelle. Ce diamètre moyen est calculé sur la longueur d'une branche d'étincelle donnée. En outre, le délai d'espacement entre les première et seconde étapes est compris entre 1 et 5 fois la durée de la première étape.It has been noted that this minimum delay condition between the two stages / sparks makes it possible to reduce the number of branches of the second spark relative to the first spark. Allowing for an extension of the branches and an increase in the average diameter of the branches of the second spark relative to the first spark. This average diameter is calculated over the length of a given spark branch. In addition, the spacing interval between the first and second steps is between 1 and 5 times the duration of the first step.
Avec un tel délai d'espacement des première et seconde étapes, on a remarqué que l'on obtient un volume de mélange enflammé maximum et cela étant vrai pour divers mélanges comburant/carburant plus ou moins riches. Selon l'invention, lesdits premier et second signaux ont des fréquences respectives préférentiellement supérieures à 1 MHzWith such a spacing interval of the first and second stages, it has been noticed that a volume of maximum ignited mixture and this is true for various mixtures oxidizer / fuel more or less rich. According to the invention, said first and second signals have respective frequencies preferably greater than 1 MHz
Avec de tels niveaux de fréquences il est plus aisé d'entretenir une étincelle sur toute la durée de l'alimentation de la bougie permettant ainsi un échauffement optimum du mélange par la première étape d'alimentation puis un allumage d'un volume important de mélange grâce à la seconde étape d'alimentation de la bougie. Dès lors, le front de flammes se propage des filaments de l'étincelle générée par la seconde étape d'alimentation de la bougie en allant vers les parois de la chambre de combustion dans laquelle débouche la bougie.With such frequency levels it is easier to maintain a spark over the entire duration of the supply of the candle thus allowing an optimum heating of the mixture by the first step of feeding and ignition of a large volume of mixture thanks to the second step of feeding the candle. Therefore, the flame front propagates filaments of the spark generated by the second step of supplying the candle towards the walls of the combustion chamber into which the candle opens.
On peut également faire en sorte que chacun des dits premier et second signaux électriques ait des paramètres propres que sont l'amplitude de tension du signal U, la fréquence du signal électrique alternatif F, la durée totale du signal D, et que l'un au moins des paramètres de l'un au moins des dits premier et second signaux soit déterminé lors d'une étape préalable aux dites première et seconde étapes en fonction de paramètres déterminant la combustion, ces paramètres déterminant la combustion étant mesurés et/ou estimés et comprenant au moins une pression dans la chambre de combustion P, une température T représentative de la température à l'intérieur de la chambre, la richesse du mélange de carburant et de comburant, et un taux de gaz brûlés présent dans le mélange.It can also be done so that each of said first and second electrical signals has specific parameters such as the voltage amplitude of the signal U, the frequency of the alternating electric signal F, the total duration of the signal D, and that one at least parameters of at least one of said first and second signals are determined during a step prior to said first and second steps as a function of parameters determining the combustion, these parameters determining the combustion being measured and / or estimated and comprising at least one pressure in the combustion chamber P, a temperature T representative of the temperature inside the chamber, the richness of the mixture of fuel and oxidant, and a rate of burnt gases present in the mixture.
Le fait de déterminer l'un au moins des paramètres de l'un au moins des premier et second signaux en fonction de caractéristiques de fonctionnement du moteur thermique (pression, température, richesse de carburant) permet d'adapter la nature de l'étincelle produite lors de la première et/ou de la seconde étape en fonction des conditions régnant dans la chambre ce qui permet d'optimiser les conditions d'allumage.Determining at least one of the parameters of at least one of the first and second signals as a function of operating characteristics of the engine (pressure, temperature, fuel efficiency) makes it possible to adapt the nature of the spark produced during the first and / or second step depending on the conditions prevailing in the chamber which optimizes the ignition conditions.
On peut également faire en sorte que la durée de la première étape soit comprise entre 150 et 250 µs, que la durée de la seconde étape soit comprise entre 150 et 250 µs et que ledit délai d'espacement entre les première et seconde étapes soit compris entre 250 et 750 µs.It is also possible to ensure that the duration of the first step is between 150 and 250 μs, that the duration of the second step is between 150 and 250 μs and that said spacing interval between the first and second stages is included. between 250 and 750 μs.
La combinaison de signaux d'alimentation de bougie de fréquences supérieures à 1MHz avec des durées des première et seconde étapes d'alimentation comprises entre 150 et 250 µs et un délai d'espacement entre ces étapes compris entre 250 et 750 µs permet d'augmenter de façon surprenante la longueur moyenne des étincelles ramifiées générées lors de la seconde étape d'alimentation, réduisant ainsi de manière significative le nombre de défauts d'allumage.The combination of candle power supply signals of frequencies greater than 1 MHz with durations of the first and second supply stages of between 150 and 250 μs and a spacing delay between these steps of between 250 and 750 μs makes it possible to increase surprisingly the average length of the branched sparks generated during the second feeding step, thus significantly reducing the number of ignition defects.
Pour la compréhension de l'invention, le premier signal est émis durant toute la première étape et uniquement durant cette première étape. De même le second signal est émis durant toute la seconde étape et uniquement durant cette seconde étape.For the understanding of the invention, the first signal is emitted during the entire first step and only during this first step. Similarly, the second signal is emitted during the entire second step and only during this second step.
Avec ces durées des première et seconde étapes et du délai d'espacement entre les première et seconde étapes, on a constaté que le temps de formation du noyau de front de flamme dans la chambre de combustion est d'environ 2000 µs, ce qui est particulièrement rapide et cela tout en augmentant le taux d'allumages réussi.With these durations of the first and second steps and the spacing interval between the first and second steps, it has been found that the formation time of the flame front core in the combustion chamber is about 2000 μs, which is particularly fast and that while increasing the rate of ignition successful.
L'invention porte également sur un système d'allumage d'un mélange de comburant et de carburant pour moteur thermique comprenant un générateur de courant et au moins une bougie d'allumage reliée au dit générateur, ledit générateur étant adapté à générer un premier signal électrique alternatif de fréquence supérieure 1 MHz et un second signal électrique alternatif de fréquence supérieure 1 MHz. Le système de l'invention est caractérisé en ce que ledit générateur est adapté à espacer dans le temps lesdits premier et second signaux électrique alternatif d'un délai d'espacement et est adapté à la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention.The invention also relates to a system for igniting a mixture of oxidant and fuel for a heat engine comprising a current generator and at least one spark plug connected to said generator, said generator being adapted to generate a first signal alternating current of 1 MHz higher frequency and a second AC electrical signal of
Les premier et second signaux générés par le générateur de courant sont tels qu'ils permettent la génération, via la bougie ainsi alimentée, d'étincelles espacées entre elles du délai temporel d'espacement prédéterminé. Ainsi le système de l'invention présente les mêmes avantages que ceux décrits en relation avec le procédé de l'invention.The first and second signals generated by the current generator are such that they allow the generation, via the candle thus supplied, of sparks spaced apart from each other by the predetermined spacing time delay. Thus the system of the invention has the same advantages as those described in relation to the method of the invention.
L'invention porte également sur un moteur thermique comprenant une chambre de combustion et le système d'allumage précité.The invention also relates to a combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber and the aforementioned ignition system.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:
- la
figure 1 représente une vue d'une pointe de bougie du système selon l'invention et permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention, et des zones respectives « a » et « b » présentant les zones d'inflammation sans le procédé de l'invention (zone « a ») et avec le procédé de l'invention (zone « b »), la zone « b » étant plus importante que la zone « a » ; - la
figure 2 présente une courbe temporelle d'alimentation de la bougie avec en abscisse le temps et en ordonnée l'intensité du signal d'alimentation de la bougie, lesdits premier et second signaux d'alimentation électrique de la bougie ainsi que le délai d'espacement entre ces signaux sont représentés sur cettefigure 2 , qui décrit donc le phasage de signaux nécessaire pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé de l'invention ; - la
figure 3 présente le détail d'un des signaux représentés sur lafigure 2 , ce signal pouvant être le premier ou le second signal car ces signaux sont, dans ce mode particulier de réalisation, identiques entre eux ; - la
figure 4a présente une étincelle émise lorsque la bougie reçoit un premier signal d'alimentation de fréquence élevée supérieure à 1 MHz, en l'occurrence ce premier signal est ici de 5 MHz ; - la
figure 4b présente une étincelle émise lorsque la bougie reçoit un second signal d'alimentation de fréquence élevée supérieure à 1 MHz, en l'occurrence ce second signal est ici de 5 MHz, cette étincelle de lafigure 4b est moins ramifiée que celle de lafigure 4a et à une amplitude et une largeur de branche d'étincelle supérieures à ce qu'elles sont sur lafigure 4a ; - la
figure 5a représente la zone de flamme initiée par une seule étincelle radiofréquence RF comme c'est le cas dans l'art antérieur (Figure 4a ) ; - la
figure 5b représente la zone de flamme initiée avec le procédé selon l'invention qui génère deux étincelles radiofréquence RF consécutives (Figure 4b ) et espacées entre elles dans le temps, on constate que cette zone de flamme de lafigure 5b est largement plus étendue que celle de lafigure 5a .
- the
figure 1 represents a view of a candle tip of the system according to the invention and allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention, and respective zones "a" and "b" having the zones of ignition without the method of invention (zone "a") and with the method of the invention (zone "b"), zone "b" being greater than zone "a"; - the
figure 2 presents a time curve of supply of the candle with abscissa time and ordinate the intensity of the supply signal of the candle, said first and second power supply signals of the candle and the spacing time between these signals are represented on thisfigure 2 which therefore describes the signal phasing necessary to implement the method of the invention; - the
figure 3 presents the detail of one of the signals represented on thefigure 2 this signal may be the first or the second signal because these signals are, in this particular embodiment, identical to each other; - the
figure 4a has a spark emitted when the spark plug receives a first high frequency feed signal higher than 1 MHz, in this case the first signal is here 5 MHz; - the
figure 4b has a spark emitted when the spark plug receives a second high frequency power signal higher than 1 MHz, in this case the second signal is here 5 MHz, this spark of thefigure 4b is less ramified than that of thefigure 4a and at a magnitude and width of spark branch greater than they are on thefigure 4a ; - the
figure 5a represents the flame zone initiated by a single RF radiofrequency spark as is the case in the prior art (Figure 4a ); - the
figure 5b represents the flame zone initiated with the method according to the invention which generates two consecutive RF radiofrequency sparks (Figure 4b ) and spaced apart in time, we see that this flame zone of thefigure 5b is much larger than that of thefigure 5a .
Comme annoncé précédemment, l'invention concerne un procédé d'allumage d'un mélange de comburant et de carburant dans une chambre de combustion à l'aide d'une bougie ainsi que le système d'allumage 10 permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention et un moteur incluant ce système.As previously announced, the invention relates to a method for igniting a mixture of oxidizer and fuel in a combustion chamber using a spark plug and the
La
Comme on peut le constater sur la
- la courbe A représente la température d'étincelle lorsque la bougie 3 est alimentée avec uniquement un
premier signal 4 ; et - la courbe B représente la température d'étincelle lorsque la bougie 3 est alimentée via le
second signal 5 postérieurement aupremier signal 6 et dans un délai d'espacement de signaux 6 donné. Le délai d'espacement de signaux doit être ajusté lors de la mise au point du système en fonction de caractéristiques de fonctionnement du moteur thermique afin d'adapter la nature de l'étincelle produite aux conditions régnant dans la chambre ce qui permet d'optimiser les conditions d'allumage.
- the curve A represents the spark temperature when the
spark plug 3 is fed with only afirst signal 4; and - the curve B represents the spark temperature when the
spark plug 3 is fed via thesecond signal 5 after thefirst signal 6 and in a givensignal spacing interval 6. The signal spacing delay must be adjusted during the development of the system according to the operating characteristics of the heat engine in order to adapt the nature of the spark produced to the conditions prevailing in the chamber which makes it possible to optimize the ignition conditions.
La durée d'espacement 6 entre les premier et second signaux est choisie pour être supérieure à au moins une fois la durée du premier signal (c'est-à-dire la durée de la première étape 4), en l'occurrence, cette durée d'espacement 6 et ici de 1500 µs soit 3.3 fois supérieur à la durée du premier signal 4 (c'est-à-dire 150 µs).The
La ligne horizontale en pointillés de la
Ainsi, dans le cas où la bougie est alimentée via le premier signal, la zone d'inflammation possible est d'une longueur maximale « a » largement plus faible que la longueur « b » définissant la zone d'inflammation possible lorsque la bougie est alimentée avec le second signal postérieur au premier.Thus, in the case where the candle is fed via the first signal, the possible ignition zone is of a maximum length "a" much smaller than the length "b" defining the possible area of ignition when the candle is powered with the second signal after the first.
Ainsi la zone d'inflammation durant le second signal est largement supérieure à la zone d'inflammation durant le premier signal, ce qui permet d'accélérer la vitesse de propagation de flamme dans la chambre et réduire les imbrûlés et ratés d'allumage.Thus, the ignition zone during the second signal is much greater than the ignition zone during the first signal, which makes it possible to accelerate the flame propagation speed in the chamber and to reduce unburnt and misfires.
Cette augmentation de la zone potentielle d'inflammation résulte :
- du fait que l'étincelle 9 de la seconde étape 5 (visible sur la
figure 4b déclenchée 500 µs après celle de lafigure 4a générée lors de la première étape) est plus longue et moins ramifiée que l'étincelle 7 de la première étape 4 ; et- du fait que l'étincelle 9 de la seconde étape 5 (
figure 4b ) a un diamètre moyen de branche supérieur au diamètre moyen de branche de l'étincelle 7 de la première étape 4 (figure 4a ) ; et - du fait que la température T dans la zone d'étincelle de la seconde étape 5 est supérieure à la température T dans la zone d'étincelle de la première
étape 4.
- du fait que l'étincelle 9 de la seconde étape 5 (
- because the
spark 9 of the second step 5 (visible on thefigure 4b triggered 500 μs after that of thefigure 4a generated during the first step) is longer and less branched than thespark 7 of thefirst step 4; and- because the
spark 9 of the second step 5 (figure 4b ) has a branch average diameter greater than the average branch diameter of thespark 7 of the first step 4 (figure 4a ); and - in that the temperature T in the spark zone of the
second step 5 is greater than the temperature T in the spark zone of thefirst step 4.
- because the
En conséquence, et comme le confirment les
Enfin, comme le montre la
Pour améliorer le procédé selon l'invention, ces paramètres de signal U, F et D de chacun des premier et/ou second signaux peuvent être prédéterminés en fonction de paramètres de fonctionnement du moteur que sont la pression P et/ou la température T dans la chambre 2 et /ou la richesse du mélange enflammé 8.To improve the method according to the invention, these signal parameters U, F and D of each of the first and / or second signals can be predetermined as a function of engine operating parameters such as the pressure P and / or the temperature T in FIG.
Claims (5)
- Method for igniting a mixture of oxidant and fuel (1) in a combustion chamber (2) of a combustion engine with the aid of a radiofrequency spark plug (3) generating a ramified spark from the tip of an electrode, the plug being placed so as to emerge in said combustion chamber of the engine (2), the method comprising a first step of supplying power to said plug with the aid of a first AC electric signal (4) with a frequency of more than 1 MHz, characterized in that it comprises a second step of supplying power to said plug with the aid of a second AC electric signal (5) with a frequency of more than 1 MHz, this second step being subsequent to the first step and spaced in time relative to the first step at a spacing delay (6), and characterized in that the spacing delay (6) between the first and second steps is greater than the duration of the first step, this spacing delay (6) between the first and second steps being between 1 and 5 times the duration of the first step.
- Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each of said first and second electric signals (4, 5) has specific parameters which are the voltage amplitude (U) of the signal, the frequency (F) of the AC electric signal, the total duration (D) of the signal, and in that at least one of the parameters of at least one of said first and second signals (4, 5) is determined during a step prior to said first and second steps depending on parameters determining the combustion, these parameters determining the combustion being measured and/or estimated and comprising at least one pressure (P) in the combustion chamber, one temperature (T) representative of the temperature inside the chamber (2), the richness of the mixture of oxidant and fuel, and a ratio of burnt gases present in the mixture.
- Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the duration of the first step is between 150 and 250 µs and in that the duration of the second step is between 150 and 250 µs and in that said spacing delay between the first and second steps is between 250 and 750 µs.
- System (10) for igniting a mixture of oxidant and fuel for a combustion engine comprising a current generator (G) and at least one spark plug (3) connected to said generator (G), said generator (G) being suitable for generating a first AC electric signal (4) with a frequency of more than 1 MHz and a second AC electric signal (5) with a frequency of more than 1 MHz, characterized in that said generator (G) is suitable for spacing in time said first and second AC electric signals (4, 5) at a spacing delay and is suitable for applying the method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3.
- Combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber and the ignition system (10) according to Claim 4.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0951854A FR2943739B1 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2009-03-24 | METHOD FOR IGNITING A FUEL MIXTURE FOR A HEAT ENGINE |
PCT/FR2010/050535 WO2010109137A1 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-24 | Method for igniting a combustible mixture for a combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2411659A1 EP2411659A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
EP2411659B1 true EP2411659B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10715975.8A Not-in-force EP2411659B1 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-24 | Method for igniting a combustible mixture for a combustion engine |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8550059B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2411659B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5628283B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20120020102A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102362066B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2943739B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2011009982A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2549874C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010109137A1 (en) |
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KR20120020102A (en) | 2012-03-07 |
US20120048225A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
FR2943739B1 (en) | 2015-09-04 |
RU2011142729A (en) | 2013-04-27 |
WO2010109137A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
FR2943739A1 (en) | 2010-10-01 |
US8550059B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
MX2011009982A (en) | 2011-12-08 |
CN102362066B (en) | 2015-08-05 |
JP5628283B2 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
JP2012521517A (en) | 2012-09-13 |
EP2411659A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
RU2549874C2 (en) | 2015-05-10 |
CN102362066A (en) | 2012-02-22 |
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