RU2339839C2 - Method of fuel mix spark-plug ignition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to internal combustion engines, particularly, to methods of spark-plug ignition of fuel mix. It aims at providing a complete fuel combustion in ICE, reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases, the fuel consumption and increasing the engine output. The fuel mix is ignited by a spark with preset discharge current intensity, the latter being pre-selected proceeding from the required reduction of harmful substance content in exhaust gases, in fuel consumption and the increase in the engine output. In compliance with this invention, the aforesaid spark-plug discharge current intensity is provided for by an appropriated selection of the discharger spark gap and the resistance of the circuit carrying the ignition current.

EFFECT: reduced poisonous exhausts, notable fuel saving, higher engine output.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to internal combustion engines, in particular to ignition systems of a combustible mixture in internal combustion engines.

The invention can be used in internal combustion engines with spark ignition.

Known methods of ignition of a combustible mixture in internal combustion engines by creating a spark gap in a spark gap of a spark plug, a continuous spark with increased energy, a sequence of sparks, a high-frequency spark, etc.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2171909 Tarasov P.A. suggests extending the spark duration to a few milliseconds by introducing a sequential "LC" circuit and turning it on in parallel with the spark plug. The author believes that this will increase the plasma volume. In USSR copyright certificate No. 1746048 Shpadi A.L. and others propose to form a plasma by applying two pulses to the spark plug.

The main disadvantage of all known methods and ignition systems, including the invention of Tarasov P.A. and Shpadi A.L., lies in the fact that the electric discharge created by them in the spark gap of the spark plug is low current. As a result, a thin, weakly glowing spark discharge is created between the electrodes of the spark plug. In [1] on p. 38 it is written: "The spark heats some small volume of the mixture to the ignition temperature." Even the best electronic ignition units ([1] Fig. 15) provide a spark current of not more than 0.2 A. Such a spark does not provide efficient ignition of the combustible mixture, and the mixture in the engine does not burn completely. Due to incomplete combustion of fuel in the exhaust gases, carbon monoxide (CO) appears, which is precisely the product of incomplete combustion of fuel in the engine.

Closest to the proposed method of ignition is the application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2003111937 dated April 24, 2003. "Method of ignition of a combustible mixture" by a spark discharge in the spark gap of the spark plug (prototype method).

In the prototype, the combustible mixture is ignited with a spark with a selected required value of the discharge current, and the required value of the current of the spark is pre-selected from the conditions of reducing the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gas, reducing fuel consumption and increasing the power of the internal combustion engine.

The disadvantage of the prototype is "the discrepancy of the claimed invention to the condition of patentability" (Decision of the "Chamber of Patent Disputes", adopted at the meeting on December 18, 2006).

The aim of the invention is the provision of complete combustion of fuel in an internal combustion engine, a significant reduction in the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases, a decrease in fuel consumption and an increase in engine power.

This goal is achieved by the fact that when choosing the required spark current, a spark gap with the smallest distance between the electrodes and high-voltage wires with the highest resistances are selected and installed in the car engine, then the engine characteristics are checked, namely the level of harmful emissions of the engine, its power and economy , and if the obtained engine characteristics do not meet the requirements, then a spark gap with a large spark gap is installed in the ignition system Wires with less resistance and repeated measurement of engine performance, while if the motor characteristics are not satisfactory, then continue the procedure for selecting the spark gap arrester and the high-voltage wires until the necessary desired engine performance will be obtained.

The spark discharge current chosen in this way ignites the combustible mixture much more efficiently.

Selected to implement the proposed method, the ignition device is built on the basis of RF patents No. 2107184 and No. 2151321.

Drawings of a device for implementing the proposed method are shown in figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3. In the drawings, the following notation of the elements of the device:

1. The electronic ignition unit.

2. The primary winding.

3. Ignition coil.

4. Secondary winding.

5. The first electrode.

6. Arrester.

7. The second electrode.

8. The central electrode.

9. Spark plug.

10. Side electrode.

11. Capacitor.

12. High voltage wire.

13. High voltage wire.

14. Spurious capacitance.

15. Capacitor.

The electronic ignition unit 1 (Fig. 1) is connected to the primary winding 2 of the ignition coil 3, which also contains the secondary winding 4. The high-voltage output of the secondary winding 4 is connected to the first electrode 5 of the spark gap 6. The second electrode 7 of the spark gap 6 is connected to the central electrode 8 of the spark plug 9. The side electrode 10 of the spark plug 9 is connected through a capacitor 11 to the low-voltage output of the secondary winding 4 of the ignition coil 3. High-voltage wires 12 and 13 connect, respectively, the high-voltage output of the secondary winding 4 to the first electric om 5 discharger 6 and second electrode 7, 8 with the central electrode of the spark plug 9. The parasitic capacitance 14 of secondary winding 4 is connected across the secondary winding 4.

In figure 2, the side electrode 10 is connected directly to the low-voltage output of the secondary winding 4 of the ignition coil 3.

In Fig. 3, a capacitor 15 is inserted, connected between the terminals of the secondary winding 4 of the ignition coil 3.

The proposed method can be implemented using the device described above as follows.

From the output of the electronic ignition unit 1 (Fig. 1), a voltage drop is applied to the primary winding 2 of the ignition coil 3, which induces a high voltage voltage pulse on the secondary winding 4. From the high voltage output of the secondary winding 4, a high voltage voltage pulse is supplied to the first electrode 5 of the arrester 6. An electric discharge occurs between the first 5 and second 7 electrodes of the arrester 6. A high voltage discharge current is supplied to the central electrode 8 of the spark plug 9. An electric discharge also occurs in the spark gap of the spark plug 9 formed between the central 8 and side 10 electrodes. The pulse discharge current from the side electrode 10 is returned to the secondary winding 4 through the capacitor 11.

The circuit through which the discharge current passes consists of a high-voltage wire 12, a spark gap 6, a high-voltage wire 13, a spark plug 9, a capacitor 11 and a stray capacitance 14 of the secondary winding 4 of the ignition coil 3.

The fact is that through the wires of the secondary winding 4, which has significant electrical resistance and high inductance, the discharge current cannot pass, since the duration of the discharge pulse does not exceed several microseconds. The discharge current can only pass through the “stray” capacitance 14 of the output of the secondary winding 4.

In some cases, depending on the electric circuit of the output stage of the ignition unit 1, the pulse discharge current from the side electrode 10 is returned to the secondary winding 4 not through the capacitor 11, but through the wire (Figure 2).

By installing a high-voltage capacitor 15 of small capacity between the outputs of the secondary winding 4 of the ignition coil 3 (Figure 3), it is possible to further increase the electric discharge current due to the accumulation of an additional charge on the capacitor 15.

In the described ignition device, due to the presence of a series-connected arrester 6, the voltage of the spark discharge is much higher than in conventional ignition systems. This happens because, for ignition of the combustible mixture, the voltage at the output of the secondary winding of the ignition coil must simultaneously “break through” the spark gap of the spark plug and the large spark gap of the spark gap. In known ignition systems that do not have a spark gap, breakdown of the spark gap of the spark plug occurs at a voltage of about 8 kilovolts on the secondary winding. In the presence of a spark gap with its large spark gap, the breakdown of the spark gap of the spark plug occurs at voltages of 20-25 kilovolts.

In this regard, and also due to the specially selected value of the electrical resistance of the discharge circuit, they create the necessary large discharge current in the spark plug to provide more efficient ignition of the combustible mixture.

According to Ohm's law, the discharge current in the circuit is equal to the discharge voltage divided by the electrical resistance of the discharge circuit.

The means necessary for making the choice of discharge current strength are as follows:

1. To change the discharge voltage and select the required value of the discharge voltage, arresters must be made with different spark gaps. It is possible to manufacture arresters with various spark gaps in accordance with the patents of the Russian Federation No. 2107184 and No. 2151321.

2. To select the required resistance of the discharge circuit, there must be high-voltage wires with different resistances (Figs. 1, 2, 3). Currently, there are many types of high-voltage wires with different values of electrical resistance. In the book: Ross Tweg. Ignition systems for cars // Driving, 1997 p. 32 it is written:

"Our red high-voltage wires have a distributed resistance of 2 kOhm per meter of length .... For high-energy ignition systems ... use blue wires ... with a distributed resistance of 2.55 kOhm ... Foreign high-voltage wires ... value distributed resistance may be in the range of 9-25 kOhm ... ". In fact, there are significantly more wires with different resistances on sale. Thus, to select the magnitude of the discharge current, there is also a set of high-voltage wires with different resistances.

The method, procedure, algorithm for selecting the required spark discharge current in the spark plug is as follows:

1. Choose a spark gap with the smallest distance between the electrodes and high-voltage wires with the largest resistances and install them in the car engine. The spark gap is installed at the output of the secondary winding of the ignition coil. If there is an ignition distributor, then a spark gap is connected between the secondary winding and the distributor. Then check the characteristics of the engine, i.e. level of harmful emissions of the engine, its power and efficiency.

2. If the obtained engine characteristics do not meet the set requirements, then install an arrester in the ignition system with a large spark gap, wires with lower resistances and repeat the measurements of the engine characteristics.

3. If the engine characteristics are again not satisfactory, then continue, similarly to the procedure described above, the selection of the spark gap of the spark gap and high-voltage wires until the necessary engine characteristics are obtained.

The selection of the optimal, necessary parameters of the circuit along which the spark current passes, in this case the parameters of the arrester and cables, is carried out at a specialized stand designed to measure the level of harmful emissions, fuel consumption and engine power of the car. For example, in US or MADI.

Measurements of the selected discharge voltage and the required value of the spark current are carried out at another specialized stand designed for such measurements, where the ignition system with the selected spark gap and cables is installed. Similar stands are available in laboratories of electrotechnical design bureaus and institutes, as well as in NAMI and MADI.

As a result of the selection procedure described above, the necessary value of the spark discharge current is found, which provides the most efficient ignition of the combustible mixture for this engine and this car. For example, for the engine BA3-2109.

Over 600 patents issued in Russia for 1996-2006 were found with the formula “choose from the condition”. These patents have their own means, and methods, algorithms, in principle, are similar to the selection method described above. Thus, the selection method adopted in our invention is also well “known from the achieved level of technological development”.

The selected value of the spark current can be used to create an effective ignition system that provides a significant reduction in the level of harmful emissions, lower fuel consumption and increase the engine power of the car.

The use of the invention in internal combustion engines with spark ignition will significantly reduce toxic emissions, significantly save fuel and increase engine power.

Information sources

1. Ross Tweg. Ignition systems for cars // Driving, 1997

Claims (1)

The method of spark ignition of a combustible mixture by an electric discharge in a spark plug, in which the combustible mixture is ignited by a spark with a selected required value of the discharge current, and the required value of the spark current is preselected from the condition of reducing the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gas, reducing fuel consumption and increasing power internal combustion engine, characterized in that when choosing the required spark current select a spark gap with the smallest distance between the electrodes and high-voltage wires with the highest resistances and install them in the car engine, then check the engine characteristics, namely the level of harmful emissions of the engine, its power and economy, and if the obtained engine characteristics do not meet the set requirements, then install a spark gap with a large spark in the ignition system spacing, wires with lower resistances and repeat measurements of the characteristics of the engine, while if the characteristics of the engine are not satisfactory, then ayut spark gap arrester and the procedure for selecting high-voltage wires until the necessary desired engine performance will be obtained.

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