EP2397400A2 - Überfluss-Anordnung und Verfahren - Google Patents

Überfluss-Anordnung und Verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2397400A2
EP2397400A2 EP11169986A EP11169986A EP2397400A2 EP 2397400 A2 EP2397400 A2 EP 2397400A2 EP 11169986 A EP11169986 A EP 11169986A EP 11169986 A EP11169986 A EP 11169986A EP 2397400 A2 EP2397400 A2 EP 2397400A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substructure
barge
floatover
topside
bumpers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11169986A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2397400A3 (de
Inventor
James A. Haney
Nadathur P. Varadarajan
Jason S. Baldwin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
J Ray McDermott SA
Original Assignee
J Ray McDermott SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=44653692&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2397400(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by J Ray McDermott SA filed Critical J Ray McDermott SA
Publication of EP2397400A2 publication Critical patent/EP2397400A2/de
Publication of EP2397400A3 publication Critical patent/EP2397400A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
    • B63B59/02—Fenders integral with waterborne vessels or specially adapted therefor, e.g. fenders forming part of the hull or incorporated in the hull; Rubbing-strakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/0017—Means for protecting offshore constructions
    • E02B17/003—Fenders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0043—Placing the offshore structure on a pre-installed foundation structure

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is generally related to the installation of offshore structures and more particularly, but not exclusively, to the installation of a topside structure on a substructure.
  • a floatover is an operation for placing a topside structure onto a substructure in an offshore environment.
  • the substructure can be a bottom founded or a floating structure.
  • the topside structure is loaded out onto a transport vessel (hereafter termed a barge) at the fabrication yard and towed to the installation site.
  • a barge transport vessel
  • the barge is positioned between the legs of the substructure and the topside is lowered until the legs of the topside stab into the legs of the substructure.
  • the topside is lowered by a combination of ballasting the barge downward and collapsing mechanical or hydraulic arrangements that support the topside above the barge deck.
  • a single barge hull floats between two parallel rows of legs of the substructure.
  • the region between the two parallel rows of legs is termed the "slot".
  • the substructure must be designed so that the slot is devoid of any framing members and the slot must be deeper than the maximum draft of the barge.
  • the barge When the barge is moved into the slot the barge floats over much of the substructure, hence the term floatover.
  • the final position of the barge in the slot, where the topside can be lowered and mate with the substructure, is termed the floatover position.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 provide an overview of a floatover using a slot.
  • the basic design of the substructure makes it impossible to provide a slot for the entry of the barge.
  • the substructure of a spar buoy platform is a single, large diameter, vertical cylinder. Because a slot is not possible, the topside is brought to the installation site on two parallel barges. During the floatover, the substructure fits in the space between the two barges with the topside spanning between the two barges. The two parallel barge hulls with the topside spanning between the two hulls form a catamaran. Hence, this type of operation is called a "catamaran" floatover.
  • Fig. 3 - 5 provide an overview of a catamaran floatover for a spar buoy ( FIG. 4 ) and a compliant tower ( FIG. 5 ).
  • the barge with the topside on board moves in six degrees of freedom in response to the sea state at the installation site. Therefore, the legs of the topside are moving relative to the mating legs of the substructure. If there is too much relative motion between the mating legs of the topside and the substructure, then the floatover must wait for lower sea states. To reduce the waiting time, relative motion between the mating legs in the horizontal plane has been restrained by various devices. Other devices have been employed to reduce vertical impact loads between the mating legs.
  • the horizontal position of the barge as it enters and leaves the slot must be carefully controlled so that the barge does not impact the substructure and cause damage.
  • the control of the position of the barge during slot entry and slot exit is critical to the success of the floatover.
  • the features that control the horizontal position of the transport barge during slot entry and exit must be compatible with the features that restrain the relative motion of the mating legs at the floatover position.
  • the devices and methods that control the position of the transport barge in the horizontal plane during slot entry and slot exit, and the devices and methods that control the relative motion of the mating legs in the horizontal plane, while the barge is in the floatover position, provide comparative basis for at least some of the present teachings.
  • the primary mooring arrangement is a spread mooring array with lines that run between winches on the barge and anchors at the sea bottom.
  • the secondary mooring arrangement is an array of mooring lines that runs between winches or capstans on the barge and attachment points on the substructure.
  • Fig. 6 - 10 illustrate a sequence that shows how slot entry is achieved and how the barge is restrained at the floatover position. Generally, the length of the primary mooring lines is adjusted and the secondary mooring lines (attached to the legs of the substructure) are attached to the barge in sequence as the barge and topside are moved into the slot.
  • Cyclical motions of the transport barge caused by wave forces are only slightly affected by the actions of the primary and secondary mooring arrangements.
  • the spread mooring array is a soft arrangement that is used to resist steady state, or slowly varying forces which are produced by constant velocity wind or ocean currents.
  • the action of the waves causes the barge position to cycle about a mean position.
  • the primary mooring arrangement maintains the mean position of the barge.
  • the secondary mooring arrangement is used to restrain motions caused by the slow drift force, wind gusts, or an upset caused by a broken primary mooring line.
  • the interface features that mate the topside legs and the substructure legs must allow for the wave induced cyclical motions, among other things. Fig.
  • FIG. 11 and 12 illustrate how the interface features are usually designed to allow for these relative motions.
  • the maximum allowable offset shown in Fig. 11 must be greater than the cyclical motion caused by the waves plus displacement caused by wind gusts and slow drift. If the actual offset is less than the maximum allowable offset shown in Fig. 11 , then the stabbing point on the bottom of the topside structure leg will be captured by the open end of the substructure leg as the topside structure descends. The result will be the mating of the legs, as shown in Fig. 12 .
  • some slot type floatovers have employed bumpers to control the transverse position of the barge and restrain sway and yaw.
  • Bumpers can either be rigid or flexible.
  • a rigid bumper is a steel structure connected directly to the substructure ( Fig. 13 ).
  • the slot In order to minimize impact loads between the barge and the rigid bumpers, the slot must be tight. That is, there cannot be too much clearance between the sides of the barge and the rigid bumper. More clearance allows the barge to develop more transverse velocity as it bounces from side to side during slot entry and exit.
  • yaw which can produce a prying action of the barge against the substructure ( Fig.
  • the advantage of a tight slot floatover is the small motions that the rigid bumper allows in the transverse direction.
  • the disadvantage is the large impact forces and prying action that can develop between the barge and the substructure. These forces are large enough that a tight slot floatover is only attempted in a benign environment with a substructure that is strong in the transverse direction.
  • a slot floatover that uses only primary and secondary mooring arrangements might be termed a "loose" slot floatover because the transverse motions that must be accommodated by the interface features are larger than those permitted by the "tight" slot floatover.
  • the transverse forces between the barge and the substructure are higher for the tight slot floatover than the transverse forces are for the loose slot floatover.
  • An intermediate result is obtained when flexible bumpers are used.
  • bumpers are made flexible with a resilient material, such as rubber. The flexible bumpers are stiffer than the secondary mooring arrangement in the transverse direction, but much less stiff than the rigid bumpers.
  • the flexible bumpers replace the secondary mooring system during slot entry and exit, and secondary mooring lines (spring lines) are rigged to control the mean longitudinal position once the barge has reached the floatover position ( Fig. 15 ).
  • the most common substructure is a jacket, as shown in Fig. 1 , and elsewhere.
  • a slot in a typical jacket produces a structure with legs that are braced in the slot, or longitudinal direction, but the legs are not braced in the transverse direction.
  • the legs are strong in the longitudinal direction and weak in the transverse direction. Therefore, a loose slot method, or a modified loose slot method (flexible transverse bumpers are preferred for jackets, if the environment is not benign). If the substructure is inherently strong in the transverse direction, then a tight slot method can be used.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,527,132 describes an arrangement of mechanical and hydraulic devices that has been used successfully to limit sway and surge at the floatover position. However, it is a complicated and expensive arrangement to build and to maintain in an operating condition. The arrangement works in the floatover position, but does not help during slot entry and exit.
  • a variety of rolling bumpers are used to control the movement and position of ships and barges.
  • Fig. 16 shows three applications for rolling bumpers, namely, for a breasting dolphin, for corner protection where a vessel is maneuvered around a corner, and for guiding a vessel into the entrance to a lock on a canal.
  • rolling bumpers There are a variety of types of rolling bumpers, but each type employs a resilient donut mounted on a vertical axle.
  • the resilient donut might be a pneumatic tire mounted on a wheel that is mounted on the vertical axle.
  • the resilient donut might be made of foam with the donut mounted directly on a large diameter axle without using a wheel.
  • the present disclosure has been arrived at, at least in part, in view of known drawbacks of existing systems.
  • the present teachings can provide for an arrangement and method for restraining surge and sway of the barge during floatover of a topside onto a substructure.
  • Roller bumpers provided on the substructure guide the barge during slot entry and exit without the use of secondary mooring lines and restrain sway at the floatover position.
  • Dedicated vertical bearing surfaces are provided on the substructure at the entry to the slot.
  • Resilient bumpers are provided on the barge. The resilient bumpers engage with the dedicated vertical bearing surfaces on the substructure and position the barge in the floatover position in the longitudinal direction.
  • FIG. 1 - 16 illustrate various structures.
  • FIG. 17 and 17A illustrate apparatus on a substructure.
  • FIG. 18 and 18A illustrate apparatus on a barge.
  • FIG. 19 - 21 illustrate a sequence of barge positions in the slot of the substructure.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates an alternative structure for use with a catamaran floatover.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates the apparatus provided on a substructure upon which a deck or topside is to be placed.
  • the center top horizontal braces 10 of the substructure are shown whole between the substructure legs 12 and the substructure top horizontal braces 10 are shown in partial view on the adjacent sections in order to be able to show the roller bumpers 14 in the center area.
  • roller bumpers 14 are also provided at each end of the substructure.
  • Fig. 17A best illustrates the vertical bearing surface 16 that is provided on the substructure legs.
  • Fig. 18 and 18A illustrate the apparatus provided on a barge 18 used to install the deck or topside.
  • Bumper boxes 20 are provided on the sides of the barge 18 and extend beyond the sides of the barge 18.
  • a resilient bumper 22 is provided on one side of each bumper box 20.
  • the bumper boxes 20 and resilient bumpers 22 are positioned on the barge 18 to act as a longitudinal stop to locate the barge and topside in the floatover position. While specific reference is made to a barge for supporting the topside, it should be understood that any type of floating structure that is suitably sized for the operation may be used to support and install the topside.
  • the floatover installation is carried out as follows.
  • the barge 18 is towed into position toward the substructure such that the barge is centered on the slot of the substructure and the first set of roller bumpers 14 are in contact with the barge 18.
  • a tug, not shown, and tow bridle 24 are used to tow the barge 18.
  • Fig. 20 illustrates the barge 18 part way into the slot
  • Fig. 21 illustrates the barge fully into the slot in the floatover position.
  • the roller bumpers 14 are in contact with the sides of the barge 18 and control the transverse position of the barge 18 in the slot.
  • the resilient bumpers 22 are held in contact with the vertical bearing surfaces 16 on the substructure. The tug maintains this contact by pulling on the tow bridle 24. As the barge 18 heaves the bumpers 22 slide up and down on the vertical bearing surfaces 16.
  • the resilient bumpers 22 compress and extend throughout the floatover operation. Sometimes, a small gap may open between the bumpers 22 and the vertical bearing surfaces 16. But the bollard pull of the tug and the stiffness of the bumpers 22 are such that the offset of the mating legs does not exceed the maximum allowable offset as illustrated in Fig. 11 .
  • roller bumpers 14 Sway is greatly reduced by the restraint offered by the roller bumpers 14.
  • the stiffness of the roller bumpers 14 is such that the offset of the mating legs does not exceed the maximum allowable offset as illustrated in Fig. 11 .
  • the disclosed arrangement eliminates the need for secondary mooring lines. Also eliminated are the winches and powered capstans associated with the secondary mooring lines. If spring lines would have been used, such as those shown in Fig. 15 , these are also eliminated by the disclosed arrangement. Because of their rolling action, the roller bumpers 14 provide automatic transverse guidance during longitudinal movements in the slot. The resilient bumpers mounted on the barge boxes contacting the vertical bearing surfaces on the substructure constitute a longitudinal stop that automatically locates the barge in the floatover position. The simplicity of the operation greatly reduces the time required to perform the floatover. Personnel safety is enhanced because the tensioned secondary mooring lines running above the deck of the barge are eliminated. Also, the apparatus required is much simpler and more economical.
  • Fig. 22 illustrates a further example in which the principles of the present disclosure are applied to a catamaran floatover for a cylindrical structure such as a spar. While the appearance is different, the concept and method is the same as that described above for slot type floatovers.
  • Roller bumpers 14 are provided on the cylindrical structure 26 so as to extend radially outward a suitable distance for contacting and guiding the catamaran barges 28.
  • Bumper boxes 20 with resilient bumpers are also provided on the catamaran barges 28.
  • Vertical bearing surfaces 30 are provided on extensions from the cylindrical structure 26 for interacting with the resilient bumpers as described above to hold the catamaran barges 28 and topside in place during the floatover operation and installation of the topside on the cylindrical structure 26.
  • roller bumpers provided on the substructure guide the barge during slot entry and exit without the use of secondary mooring lines and restrain sway at the floatover position.
  • Dedicated vertical bearing surfaces are provided on the substructure at the entry to the slot.
  • Resilient bumpers are provided on the barge. The resilient bumpers engage with the dedicated vertical bearing surfaces on the substructure and position the barge in the floatover position in the longitudinal direction.
  • a tug boat tows the barge into the slot until the resilient bumpers engage the dedicated vertical bearing surfaces. The tug continues to pull throughout the floatover operation to hold the barge in the floatover position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
EP11169986.4A 2010-06-15 2011-06-15 Überfluss-Anordnung und Verfahren Withdrawn EP2397400A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/815,556 US20110305522A1 (en) 2010-06-15 2010-06-15 Floatover arrangement and method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2397400A2 true EP2397400A2 (de) 2011-12-21
EP2397400A3 EP2397400A3 (de) 2017-08-09

Family

ID=44653692

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11169986.4A Withdrawn EP2397400A3 (de) 2010-06-15 2011-06-15 Überfluss-Anordnung und Verfahren

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20110305522A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2397400A3 (de)
CN (1) CN102363440A (de)
AU (1) AU2011202796B2 (de)
BR (1) BRPI1103072B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2011006274A (de)
MY (1) MY152785A (de)
SG (1) SG177093A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014098605A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Suction Pile Technology Bv Offshore installation method, e.g. by floatover, and system.

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102926355B (zh) * 2012-11-21 2014-09-17 重庆交通大学西南水运工程科学研究所 一种适应大水位变幅的独立式区域性防撞装置
CN103979083B (zh) * 2014-05-04 2016-03-23 中国海洋石油总公司 一种用于导管架组块浮托的自航驳船及其作业方法
CN105151239A (zh) * 2015-05-19 2015-12-16 中国海洋石油总公司 用于双船浮托整体拆除海上平台上部组块的船侧支撑结构
CN106985969B (zh) * 2016-01-21 2020-05-08 中国国际海运集装箱(集团)股份有限公司 一种定位装置及其定位方法
US10836459B2 (en) * 2016-11-17 2020-11-17 Cccc First Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd. Self-propelled integrated ship for transporting and installing immersed tubes of underwater tunnel and construction process
CN107472466B (zh) * 2017-07-28 2019-07-09 广船国际有限公司 一种船舶出驳导向护桩及具有其的半潜驳
CN108216486B (zh) * 2018-01-08 2019-10-25 上海外高桥造船有限公司 用于船舶的浮托模组及包含其的浮托框架
CN111516826B (zh) * 2020-04-29 2022-05-27 上海交通大学 一种基于位置偏差的浮托安装进船控制方法及其系统

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US5527132A (en) 1994-04-12 1996-06-18 Etpm, Societe Anonyme Anti-surge method and apparatus for offshore structures
GB2311042A (en) * 1996-03-12 1997-09-17 Kvaerner Oil & Gas Ltd Transportation system used to install a deck or modular assembly for an offshore platform

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5527132A (en) 1994-04-12 1996-06-18 Etpm, Societe Anonyme Anti-surge method and apparatus for offshore structures
GB2311042A (en) * 1996-03-12 1997-09-17 Kvaerner Oil & Gas Ltd Transportation system used to install a deck or modular assembly for an offshore platform

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014098605A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Suction Pile Technology Bv Offshore installation method, e.g. by floatover, and system.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2011006274A (es) 2011-12-14
AU2011202796B2 (en) 2012-04-26
BRPI1103072B1 (pt) 2020-10-20
US20110305522A1 (en) 2011-12-15
BRPI1103072A2 (pt) 2012-11-20
AU2011202796A1 (en) 2012-01-12
CN102363440A (zh) 2012-02-29
MY152785A (en) 2014-11-28
EP2397400A3 (de) 2017-08-09
SG177093A1 (en) 2012-01-30

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