EP2394250A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour vérifier des documents par utilisation d'une transformation en ondelettes - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour vérifier des documents par utilisation d'une transformation en ondelettes

Info

Publication number
EP2394250A1
EP2394250A1 EP10705107A EP10705107A EP2394250A1 EP 2394250 A1 EP2394250 A1 EP 2394250A1 EP 10705107 A EP10705107 A EP 10705107A EP 10705107 A EP10705107 A EP 10705107A EP 2394250 A1 EP2394250 A1 EP 2394250A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
document
features
wavelet
pixels
feature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10705107A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2394250B1 (fr
Inventor
Olaf Dressel
Ilya Komarov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Original Assignee
Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bundesdruckerei GmbH filed Critical Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Publication of EP2394250A1 publication Critical patent/EP2394250A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2394250B1 publication Critical patent/EP2394250B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for verifying documents in which at least one image of the document is detected, from which features are derived, the features are compared with expert knowledge and verification, for example authentication, of a document a result of the comparison is made.
  • One aspect of the method relates to the derivation of the features.
  • documents which may include, for example, security documents, such as in particular passports, identity cards, identification cards, visas, driver's licenses, etc., or documents of value, in particular banknotes, checks, credit cards, postage stamps, etc., with regard to their To check authenticity and authenticity.
  • security documents such as in particular passports, identity cards, identification cards, visas, driver's licenses, etc.
  • documents of value in particular banknotes, checks, credit cards, postage stamps, etc.
  • Verification also means identifying a document as a document type. This means that recognition of a banknote as a document of a specific value of an issuing authority is also understood as verification.
  • features of the document are analyzed for verification and compared with expert knowledge, which includes information about the individual features and their design and / or about feature combinations of a document in order to perform a verification on the basis of, for example, a combination of features.
  • WO 2004/038553 A2 discloses an apparatus and a method for reading in and authenticating documents. These documents include, for example, passports, driver's licenses, identity documents and value documents. They are read in to receive and verify information stored on it and to examine and record it for security features. The security features are used to check whether the document is genuine, fake or falsified. For reading a first image of the document is taken. The figure determines the size of the document. Based on the size of the will Client: Bundesbucherei GmbH
  • WO 03/046815 A1 a method and a device for validation and verification are known.
  • An apparatus and method is described that automatically identifies and validates a document to validate the identity of a user of the document and to verify that the user is authorized to participate in an activity represented by the document, and to compare the information on the document with information from databases to determine if there are known concerns about a document's authenticity or a user's identity and / or trust.
  • a document class is narrowed down by first determining the size of the document. An attempt is then made to identify the document as one of a group, ie, its membership in a document type, by examining colors or other characteristics at specific locations on the document until the document is identified as belonging to a document type.
  • the order in which the locations of the document are searched depends on a history of the document types that have been identified. An identified document is verified by looking up reference information about the document type. Using this information, certain content is read in and only special security and other features are used to validate the document. The contents of the document are matched against a database to verify its contents. Other databases are checked for stolen documents, known valid documents, and travel or access restrictions.
  • the known methods are essentially based on a direct pattern comparison of a captured image of the document.
  • preferably only limited imaging areas are compared with each other in order to avoid only static areas, i. such areas, which are identical for all documents of one type, for example, for all passports of an issuing nation, are compared. Since different types of documents have such static information at different locations, different segments or areas must be evaluated for comparison. Only when the document is identified, for example, as a passport of a particular nation, does a subsequent review of security features take place, with the aid of which a genuineness and authenticity of the documents is checked.
  • the known methods are thus based on a multi-stage examination procedure, in which it is necessary to first identify the document and then to compare known security features for the identified document. Falsifications, for example a change of printed personal data, on an original security document can be detected with the known methods only with difficulty or not at all.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a method and a device for verifying documents, in particular security and / or value documents, with which a quick, simple and reliable verification of documents can be carried out.
  • the invention is based on the idea to first subject one or more images of the document to a wavelet transformation and to derive features from individual wavelet pixels or wavelet pixel regions.
  • a wavelet transform By using a wavelet transform, spatial-frequency information of the image is obtained that can still be assigned to a location on the document.
  • a method for verifying documents comprising the steps of: capturing at least one image of the document; Deriving characteristics from the figure; Comparing the features with expert knowledge; Verifying the document based on a result of the comparison, wherein it is provided that the image is subjected to a wavelet transformation and the features are derived from individual wavelet pixels or wavelet pixel regions.
  • a corresponding device comprises a detection unit for detecting an image of the document as well as an evaluation unit, which derives characteristics on the basis of the acquired image. Furthermore, the device is designed to compare the derived features with expert knowledge and to perform a verification, for example authentication, of the document based on the result of the comparison.
  • the evaluation unit comprises a transformation unit which subjects the image to a wavelet transformation and that the features are derived from individual wavelet pixels or wavelet pixel regions.
  • a tuple which comprises a coefficient value of the wavelet transformation and the information necessary to assign the coefficient value.
  • the necessary information includes, for example, a position and an indication of a spatial direction with respect to which the wavelet transformation has made a spectral decomposition, a frequency range and optionally an indication of which of possibly several recorded images of the same document the coefficient value is to be assigned.
  • wavelet coefficient value, location information and membership of a frequency range can be taken from a wavelet pixel.
  • a spatial frequency is in each case a measure of a recurrence of a feature, with reference to one, unless otherwise clear from the direct relationship of the use of the term Client: Bundestownerei GmbH
  • a frequency range is a range that includes a frequency interval.
  • the frequency range including the frequency at which the dark dots occur non-zero coefficients occur in a wavelet transform. While in general parlance the frequency indicates a recurrence with respect to time, the frequency here is understood in each case as the recurrence in a spatial distance with respect to a spatial direction. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the corresponding spatial direction in each case.
  • a spectral range is understood to be a summary (amount) of the wavelet pixels of a wavelet transformation, which belong to a spatial direction, a local area and a frequency range. With a wavelet transformation, it is possible to generate several spectral ranges for different frequency ranges. Spectral ranges can thus differ with regard to their spatial direction and / or their frequency range.
  • the wavelet transformation decomposes the at least one image into a plurality of spectral regions, each spectral region comprising wavelet pixels for a spatial region corresponding to the spatial region of the image with respect to a spatial direction of the local region of the at least one image and with respect to a frequency region ,
  • each spectral region comprises wavelet pixels that can be assigned to a location of the image.
  • the local area of the spectral region corresponds to the local area of the image.
  • a wavelet transformation can be carried out in a device according to the invention, for example by means of a program-controlled computing unit.
  • circuit arrangement which performs a wavelet transformation on the basis of the mapping raw data.
  • each wavelet transformation generates for each frequency range a plurality of spectral ranges, preferably three spectral ranges, which are assigned corresponding to a spatial direction of a base vector of a coordinate system and of a diagonal of the coordinate system of the spatial domain of the mapping.
  • a Cartesian coordinate system which is aligned in a rectangular document so that the coordinate axes are aligned parallel to the long sides of the rectangular document or the image of the document. Since the information is usually or often printed in parallel or along a diagonal, relative to the edges of the rectangular document, such a wavelet transformation is particularly suitable for evaluation.
  • Features such as a used character spacing can be determined, for example, particularly simple and accurate. In principle, any other coordinate system can be selected. It can also be used a different number of spatial directions, which also need not be associable with basis vectors or a diagonal.
  • the method is designed so that a wavelet pixel can be represented as a tuple, which comprises a coefficient value and an indication which allow an association with the image to a spectral region of the corresponding image and to a position in the spatial region of the spectral region.
  • the wavelet pixels are preferably stored as tuples or vectors in a memory.
  • memory constructs are used, which are designed such that they optimally, that is to say, the stated indications. save as much space as possible.
  • one or more wavelet pixel regions are used in an evaluation that include wavelet pixels that are not associated with a contiguous location region of a spectral region. This means that when evaluating the wavelet pixels, wavelet pixels that are not arranged in a contiguous location area of a spectral range can be evaluated together. It is likewise possible for several wavelet pixels of different spectral ranges to be combined to form a wavelet pixel range Client: Bundesbucherei GmbH
  • a device therefore expediently provides that the detection device is designed to detect the document under different recording conditions.
  • the multiple images it is possible to detect the multiple images so that different wavelength ranges of the light scattered / reflected and / or emitted on the document are detected.
  • light may be emitted from the document due to an excited luminescence.
  • different color separations of the document can be captured as images.
  • the document is irradiated with monochromatic and / or polychromatic electromagnetic radiation.
  • the detection device thus comprises one or more monochromatic light sources and optionally additionally a polychromatic light source.
  • the detection device may comprise one or more wavelength-selective detection units that detect a polychromatically illuminated document.
  • Excitation mechanisms for example in the form of an electric field, etc., may be used to excite electroluminescence, for example.
  • the wavelet transforms are performed for different mappings of the same document with different wavelet basis functions and / or scales. It is understood that also images of the same quality and resolution with different wavelet basis functions and / or scaling can be transformed.
  • a plurality of wavelet pixels are evaluated in combination, which are assigned to different images of the same security document and / or different location areas and / or different spectral areas respectively of the same security document ,
  • the features can be easily derived from the wavelet pixels or a group of wavelet pixels that are combined in a wavelet pixel area.
  • at least one of the features is derived by a statistical evaluation.
  • a statistical evaluation here is understood as determining a frequency of individual coefficient values, the presence of coefficient values in a certain coefficient range, but also the determination of more complex statistical values, such as an average of coefficient values, a standard deviation and / or a variance or other variables.
  • the derivation of a feature can be achieved by a comparison of determined statistical properties or property combinations with characteristic statistical properties typical for features
  • Has default property or default property combination For example, it can be determined for a wavelet pixel area how many wavelet pixels have a coefficient value within a certain value range. In this case, a normalization to the total number of considered wavelet pixels is preferably carried out. For example, individual features of security documents are correlated to a particular relative proportion of wavelet coefficient values in that range of values. This means that the feature has a default property, namely a relative frequency with which coefficient values in the considered wavelet pixel range occur in the particular value range.
  • the individual wavelet pixels can still be assigned to a location area of the original image or the document, the features can be resolved locally, i. assigned to spatial areas of the image of the document.
  • the derived features may be, for example, printing methods used. For this purpose, individual local areas or even the entire document can be examined with regard to the use of a specific printing method. It has been found that individual printing methods used to produce a document cause statistical properties of the wavelet coefficients that are characteristic of the particular printing method to occur in certain spectral ranges. Since certain printing processes require a great deal of technical effort, the detection of a particular printing process used in simple storage already provides sufficient certainty to determine whether it is a genuine or forged document. If, on the other hand, a printing method can be identified which is not normally used for security documents, such a feature is an indication that this document is not genuine or at least falsified.
  • a relative number of the wavelet pixels of the associated location area of at least one spectral range is determined whose coefficient value is within a given value interval.
  • the wavelet pixels or wavelet pixel groups are evaluated for statistical deviations from typical statistical input properties in order to determine such distortions.
  • the document is classified and identified by means of a neural network or a so-called support vector machine or other classification method. Since deriving the features from the wavelet pixel areas enables derivation of general features for documents, such as the presence of information printed by certain printing methods, the presence of guilloche printing, a determination of a certain surface roughness, etc., it is possible to do so the identified features successively exclude possible document identifications. While a plurality of pixel areas between the document to be verified and a possible reference document is usually to be compared in the prior art in order to allow reliable identification, a clear identification of a document type can be brought about here by deriving a small number of features.
  • an apparatus and method which provides that after deriving a statistical property which is or can not be assigned a feature in the expert knowledge, a response to the question of whether (a) this property a new authentic feature of a document; or (b) a new forged feature of a document or (c) a new forgery-indicating feature of a document or (d) none Client: Bundesbucherei GmbH
  • a feature combination of a document is supplied to expert knowledge if this combination of features is unknown and verification information is detected which identifies the associated document as an authentic and / or non-authentic document.
  • a plurality of features is preferably derived.
  • the expert knowledge comprises information about individual typical features of authenticated documents and / or about typical counterfeit features. These are not directly assigned to individual document types.
  • the authentication is based on the presence of individual and / or a combination of features that are identified and that are not explicitly assigned to a document type via the expert knowledge.
  • This method and a corresponding device can be used, for example, where expert knowledge about a specific embodiment of individual document types should not be revealed. Compared to an ordinary visual inspection is the Client: Bundesbucherei GmbH
  • features and / or combinations of features are assigned weightings, and based on the features and feature combinations derived from the weights for a document, an overall weighting is determined that indicates a measure of the presence of an authentic document.
  • features that indicate a forgery can be negatively considered.
  • 1 is a schematic flow diagram for an embodiment of a
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a document
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the spectral ranges resulting from the wavelet transformation relative to the document according to FIG. 2;
  • Figures 4, 5 are graphical representations of statistical evaluations for a smooth ( Figure 4) and a rough ( Figure 5) document;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for verifying a
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation for explaining a localized verification test
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a verification device using an external database of expert knowledge.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a method for verifying documents.
  • one or more pictures are and Client: Bundesbucherei GmbH
  • the one or more images are each subjected to a wavelet transformation 2. Different spectral ranges are generated here.
  • FIG. 2 an example of a document 3 is shown schematically.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically the spectral ranges of the image 3 of the document shown in FIG. 2 resulting from the wavelet transformation.
  • SazCheck In the selected wavelet transformation, for different frequency ranges 4-1, 4-2, 4-3,... 4-n, three spectral ranges 4-1 a, 4-1 b, 4-1 c , 4- 2a, 4-2b, 4-2c, ... generated.
  • This means that the wavelet decomposition with respect to three different spatial directions is parallel to the longitudinal edge 5 of the document (spectral region indicated by a) parallel to the short side edge 6 of the document (spectral region indicated by b) and along a diagonal 7 of the document (identification of the spectral region with c).
  • coefficient values are determined which are associated with a location on the image of the document, a frequency range, and a spatial direction along which the spectral decomposition is made.
  • the coefficient values are shown as gray levels at the respective location.
  • a separate local area is shown for each frequency range 4-1, ..., 4-n and every spatial direction, along which the wavelet transform carries out the spectral decomposition.
  • a security feature 8 which is a star of radial design, can be recognized in different forms in the individual spectral ranges, with the characteristics of this feature being identified by the reference numeral 8 '.
  • the beams of the security feature 8 aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis produce high coefficient values in the spectral regions 4-1b, 4-2b, in which the wavelet decomposition is made parallel to the short side edge. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the wavelet pixels can still be locally assigned to the location of the image.
  • wavelet pixel areas which are also referred to as wavelet pixel areas, in order to derive a feature.
  • the individual wavelet pixels of a wavelet pixel region need not be spatially adjacent or from the same spectral region or from the same image of the document. Rather, wavelet pixels can be arbitrarily combined into a wavelet pixel range as long as they come from images of one and the same document.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show graphs plotting a frequency of coefficient values in a wavelet pixel group. Along the abscissa 22 are the coefficient values and along the ordinate 23 their frequencies normalized to a maximum frequency of a coefficient value plotted. While an image of a smooth document is evaluated in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 shows an image of a rough or roughened document due to falsifications. It can be clearly seen that there are characteristic statistical properties that are identical for both documents and also give characteristic properties that are different for the documents.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a device for verification of documents.
  • the device 41 comprises a detection device 42.
  • the detection device 42 comprises a graphic detection unit 43, which may be designed, for example, as a digital camera or as a scanner.
  • the detection device 42 preferably comprises one or more illumination devices 44, 45. This makes it possible to expose a document 46 differently and to capture one or more images by means of the graphical detection unit 43.
  • the detector 42 may include means for applying the electric field to contacts of the document to trigger, for example, electroluminescence.
  • the graphical detection unit 43 is preferably designed such that it can record images with thresholds.
  • the detector 42 is designed to be able to capture graphic images of the document 46.
  • a plurality of graphical detection units can also be provided.
  • the device 41 further comprises a transformation unit 47.
  • the transformation unit 47 is designed to subject the data representing the images to a wavelet transformation. This will for each picture Client: Bundesbucherei GmbH
  • Spectral ranges generated which are preferably stored in a memory 48 for further processing.
  • the transformation unit 47 may also be formed by a program-controlled computing unit 55 in some embodiments.
  • the device 41 further comprises an evaluation unit 49, which derives features of the document from the wavelet pixel or wavelet pixel regions contained in the generated spectral regions.
  • the evaluation unit 49 may be formed by means of one or more electronic circuits. Alternatively, the evaluation unit 49 can be realized by means of the program-controlled computing unit 55 or another arithmetic unit. To derive the features, information stored in the memory unit 48, such as program modules 56, may be retrieved, which may be considered as a representation of expert knowledge for deriving the features.
  • the device 42 further comprises a verification unit 50, which in the illustrated embodiment is also realized by means of the computing unit 55. This is designed to perform a classification of the document 46 on the basis of the derived characteristics on the basis of expert information stored in the memory device 48.
  • the verification unit consists of an interrogator which checks whether the derived feature matches the expected feature, i.e., whether the feature could be derived.
  • multiple features are evaluated in combination to classify the document and assign it to a document type.
  • the classification can be done for example by means of a neural network or a support vector machine.
  • the expert knowledge about the classification is then at least partially contained in the neural network or support vector machine.
  • the illustrated embodiment further includes an output unit 51 for outputting a verification result.
  • a verification result This may, for example, be an indication as to whether the document is genuine, a forgery or falsified.
  • the document type may be output as the document has been identified.
  • the output unit may be any unit capable of outputting information.
  • it may be a display device.
  • it may be an interface that performs the output in the form of electronic signals that may be evaluated by other electronic devices and, where appropriate, translated into a form perceptible to a user.
  • the device 42 further comprises an input unit 52, via which user inputs can be detected.
  • the storage device 48 is part of the device 42.
  • at least part of the expert knowledge is stored in an external database.
  • the verification device 42 is connected there via a communication network 53 to an external database 54. This contains the necessary expert knowledge to enable a derivation of features and / or information for a classification and / or verification of the document whose images or illustrations are recorded.
  • at least part of the classification is performed in a central facility.
  • verification is made based on individual features or feature combinations associated with document types or classes of document types.
  • one or more features are derived, which may assume different characteristics, for example different values.
  • a confidence value is then formed, which is a measure of whether the document examined is a genuine or a falsified or falsified document.
  • the individual derived features may be provided with a weighting factor. Verification by means of this method is particularly suitable when a class of documents has a certain range of variation with respect to individual features. If, for example, a roughness of a documentary material used varies with the passports of a state, the roughness of the document can be determined as a feature.
  • identification is not only possible by examining documents with a range of variation in the individual features. Rather, it is also possible to combine features that have different characteristics in this way in order to assign each document a characteristic value, which is for example referred to as a recognition value.
  • the recognition values of genuine documents of a document type for example a passport of a nation, will all have a similar value. Based on the recognition values, a classification of the documents is thus possible.
  • Such a method is also suitable for constructing a self-learning verification system. If, for example, all documents are examined with respect to a plurality of features, then the determined recognition values can be stored in a memory. At least during a learning phase, it is necessary to have a different way of checking the document, for example, by a reviewer or other verification device, and to capture a verification decision or other verification information for each document. In the simplest case, it only records whether it is a genuine or a forged or falsified document. Thus, it is possible to assign verification information to individual recognition values. Once a sufficiently large number of documents of the same type is captured, documents of this type can be reliably identified as being genuine, falsified or falsified.
  • the concrete characteristic values of the derived features are stored for the individual documents recorded in a learning phase. This facilitates differentiated verification analyzes. If not only an authenticity check but also a classification is to be carried out, this is more reliably possible with a large number of possible documents if characteristic feature combinations or characteristic values are stored for the individual document types.
  • the same features are first derived for all documents and their characteristics are stored.
  • verification information identifying, for example, the document is detected. If a large number of documents of the same document type has been recorded, it is possible to determine in which characteristics or with which characteristic values the documents of a document type match or can be delimited from other document types. In this way, it can be achieved that only a limited number of features have to be derived after the learning phase in order to classify a document.
  • Mark falsified documents It often makes sense to also examine the documents for the presence of such features in order to make a verification decision. This applies in particular if a document can be identified on the basis of features that are not changed when the document is falsified.
  • a verification of individual features, in particular locally resolved, is performed after the document type has been identified.
  • biometric data in the form of a passport photograph or alphanumeric imprints comprising a name, an address, a date of birth, a serial number, etc.
  • a document 61 comprises a plurality of local areas 62-1 to 62-10, on which, for example, in each case an alphanumeric character of a machine-readable line is printed.
  • wavelet pixels are statistically evaluated from corresponding local regions of the spectral regions in order to derive different features, here for example three features.
  • features a, b and c in each case a statistical distribution of a frequency against the feature expression is plotted, which results in an evaluation of all areas 62-1 to 62-10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de vérification et sur un dispositif de vérification. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: détection d'au moins une image (3) du document (46; 61); déduction de caractéristiques à partir de l'image (3); comparaison des caractéristiques avec des connaissances d'expert; vérification du document (46; 61) à l'aide du résultat de la comparaison, l'image (3) étant soumise à une transformation en ondelettes, et les caractéristiques étant déduites de pixels d'ondelettes individuels ou de zones de pixels d'ondelettes. Un dispositif de vérification comprend un dispositif de détection destiné à détecter une image (3) du document (46; 61), une unité de transformation pour exécuter une transformation en ondelettes, et un dispositif d'évaluation et de vérification pour déduire des caractéristiques et exécuter une vérification à l'aide des caractéristiques ainsi déduites.
EP10705107.0A 2009-02-05 2010-02-03 Procédé et dispositif pour vérifier des documents par utilisation d'une transformation en ondelettes Active EP2394250B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009007588A DE102009007588A1 (de) 2009-02-05 2009-02-05 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verifizieren von Dokumenten unter Verwendung einer Wavelet-Transformation
PCT/EP2010/000956 WO2010089157A1 (fr) 2009-02-05 2010-02-03 Procédé et dispositif pour vérifier des documents par utilisation d'une transformation en ondelettes

Publications (2)

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EP2394250A1 true EP2394250A1 (fr) 2011-12-14
EP2394250B1 EP2394250B1 (fr) 2019-05-08

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EP (1) EP2394250B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009007588A1 (fr)
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DE102020120962B4 (de) 2020-08-07 2023-03-30 ThePeople.de GmbH Erkennungsverfahren und Erkennungssystem zum eindeutigen Erkennen eines Objekts

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US20030099379A1 (en) 2001-11-26 2003-05-29 Monk Bruce C. Validation and verification apparatus and method
US6785405B2 (en) 2002-10-23 2004-08-31 Assuretec Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for document reading and authentication
KR101001691B1 (ko) 2006-03-13 2010-12-15 노틸러스효성 주식회사 웨이블렛 변환을 이용한 권종인식방법
EP2000992A1 (fr) 2007-06-01 2008-12-10 Kba-Giori S.A. Authentification de documents de sécurité, en particulier des billets de banque

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EP3706030A1 (fr) * 2019-03-08 2020-09-09 Bundesdruckerei GmbH Procédé et dispositif d'évaluation automatique de la qualité de documents de valeur

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EP2394250B1 (fr) 2019-05-08
DE102009007588A1 (de) 2010-08-19

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