EP2394031A2 - Verfahren zur anlagensteuerung in einer kraftwerksanlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zur anlagensteuerung in einer kraftwerksanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP2394031A2 EP2394031A2 EP09779575A EP09779575A EP2394031A2 EP 2394031 A2 EP2394031 A2 EP 2394031A2 EP 09779575 A EP09779575 A EP 09779575A EP 09779575 A EP09779575 A EP 09779575A EP 2394031 A2 EP2394031 A2 EP 2394031A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power plant
- control
- values
- control device
- control values
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for system control in a power plant, in which for a plurality of sets of control values each of a set of environmental values on the one hand and the respective set of control values, on the other hand, a functional value of a target function based on a physical model is assigned to the respective sets, wherein the set of control values for forwarding to a control device of the power plant is selected, the associated function value meets a predetermined optimization criterion.
- non-electrical energy for example in the form of fossil fuels is converted into electrical energy and made available to a power grid.
- process control can also be optimized by using state-of-the-art process control technology, taking current boundary conditions into account.
- different optimization criteria such as an increase in the degree of efficiency or a reduction in pollutant emissions may be desired.
- such a method comprises a target function, which generates a scalar or vector-valued function value from a set of process values based on a physical model of the corresponding power plant.
- the process values include those that are determined by external influences (environmental values), such as ambient and cooling water temperatures, and that change during operation.
- the environmental values represent current boundary conditions that you have no influence on but that have an influence on the process.
- the process values also include the control values, such as, for example, the position of an actuator or valve or the amount of fuel supplied, which can be influenced by operating personnel or an automated control device during ongoing operation of the power plant, i. H. within certain limits freely selectable process or state variables.
- Each set of control values in conjunction with the ambient values yields a value of the target function that can be used to evaluate the respective set and usually the set of control values for forwarding to a control device of the power plant is selected, the associated function value meets a predetermined optimization criterion. In the case of a scalar function value, this can be, for example, the greatest or smallest functional value.
- gradient methods are usually used for finding a minimum or maximum of the target function.
- various methods such as the steepest descent method, the (quasi) Newton method, the sequential quadratic programming or the simplex algorithm are known.
- Common is the gradient method in that starting from a starting value, a local maximum or minimum of the target function is found.
- the physical models of power plants that yield the objective function of optimization are mostly non-linear and generally non-convex.
- the gradient method may under certain circumstances be a local maximum or minimum, ie. H. find a locally optimized operating state of the power plant, but this does not ensure that it also the globally optimal operating condition is found.
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for plant control in a power plant and a control device for a power plant, which at the lowest possible tax expenditure improved operation of the power plant with respect to a given optimization criterion such. B. allow an improvement in the efficiency or a reduction of emissions.
- the number of sets of control values additionally comprises a set determined by a gradient method from the start set and its assigned function value, and a set selected by means of a random generator.
- the invention is based on the consideration that an improved operation of the power plant would be possible if an optimized set of control values could also be found globally in determining the control values of the power plant with regard to the given optimization criterion such as increasing the efficiency and / or reducing emissions.
- This could be done, for example, with a Monte Carlo method, which randomly selects control values and compares their functional values and optionally in another Step in the range of the best manipulated variable set another number of randomly selected control values checked.
- a Monte Carlo method which randomly selects control values and compares their functional values and optionally in another Step in the range of the best manipulated variable set another number of randomly selected control values checked.
- such a method is comparatively time-consuming and computationally intensive and therefore comparatively complex in terms of computation.
- the comparatively faster gradient method should basically be retained, but extended in the manner of a hybrid structure by a random-based system, so that the finding of a global optimum of control values is also made possible.
- An online optimization in the plant control of a power plant system makes it possible to determine an optimum set of control values at each operating time, which ensures particularly efficient operation of the power plant.
- the selected set of control values is advantageously transferred in the control device at the individual control values respectively associated control devices of the power plant.
- the objective function advantageously comprises a penalty function.
- a penalty function is designed to provide a value of zero, provided that the restrictions are not violated, and contains a monotonically increasing relationship between the error from the restriction violation and its function value.
- the method provides a set of manipulated variables in which the restrictions are not violated.
- the method is thereby able to start even from an illegal starting value, the gradient method and thus the optimization, which is not always the case with other methods for the integration of restrictions. This allows a further simplification of the method.
- the gradient serves as an indicator for the direction in which the respective manipulated variables must be changed in order to arrive at an optimum manipulated variable set. It is questionable, however, how far the control values need to be changed, ie which step size should be used in the application of the gradient method. This can be done, for example, by performing a one-dimensional optimization along the search direction in each iteration and thus finding a seemingly optimal step size. that will. However, this results in the search direction being orthogonal to the previous one, since the partial derivative at the current location after the previous search direction was minimized to zero by the one-dimensional optimization in the previous iteration.
- a step size is advantageously predetermined by the gradient method before the respective determination of the set.
- a predefined step size allows the gradient method to be carried out quickly and should be kept constant until an iteration (with a minimization) delivers a greater function value than the previous one. Then the step size is reduced and the process proceeds from the best value. As a result, a particularly fast execution of the method and a particularly efficient online optimization of the power plant operation is possible.
- control device for a power plant with a random generator module and a gradient module, which data output side are connected to a comparison module, wherein the control device is designed for carrying out said method.
- control device is used in a power plant with a control device and such with the control device data input side connected control device used.
- the advantages achieved with the invention consist in particular in the fact that the additional consideration of a set of control values selected by means of a random generator makes it possible to find a global solution by means of the random number generator with the speed of the random number generator Gradient method is connected.
- the random number generator generates potential starting values for the gradient method, which are adopted if they are better in the sense of the physical model of the objective function than the local optimum previously found by the gradient method.
- the process Due to the cyclical application of the process and the use of current ambient values, which can be taken directly from the process control system, the process is online-enabled. If the operating status of the system changes, this information flows into the physical process model online and the optimization algorithm quickly finds the new optimum.
- the process in the process control technology of a power plant can initially serve as an aid to the operating personnel, but can also be switched directly to corresponding actuators for automatic forwarding for a rapid reaction of the power plant control technology. As a result, a particularly efficient operation of a power plant plant is made possible with low technical effort.
- FIG shows a schematic representation of the method for plant control of a power plant.
- the method illustrated in the FIGURE optimizes cyclically repeating the control values for the power plant to achieve a particularly efficient operation of the power plant.
- the process is online-capable, ie it can be integrated directly into the process control system and determine the currently optimum control values during operation.
- One possible area of application is, for example, the optimization of the interval between the sootblowing processes in the boiler of the power plant and its duration and the cleaning intervals of the filters in the flue gas cleaning, where a consideration is drawn between a short-term malfunction and a longer-term increase in efficiency.
- Two further optimization problems from the power plant area are the determination of the optimum cooling water mass flow, provided that this is regulated, and the litigation in the case of incineration in compliance with emission limits and plant-related restrictions.
- the FIG shows the structure of the method as a block diagram.
- the gradient module 1 is given starting values 3 by a memory module 5, from which the closest optimum is found in a number of steps or iterations with the aid of numerical differentiation.
- the basis for this optimization is the functional values determined for each set of control values and ambient values on the basis of an objective function 7 based on a physical model.
- the gradient method makes it possible to find a local optimum of control values for the operation of the power plant. However, in particular when there is a change in the ambient values which can not be influenced by the operating personnel, there may possibly be another global optimum which can not be found by the gradient method.
- a random-number generator module 13 is provided which generates randomly distributed random values within its respective definition range for each control value 15 in each cycle.
- the randomly generated set of control values 15 is evaluated via the target function 7 and supplied together with the function value of the target function 7 as a first input sentence to the comparison module 17, which receives as a second input set the determined by the gradient method sentence from the comparison memory module 11.
- the comparison module 17 compares the function values of the two input sets and, in each calculation cycle, switches the input set to the output which has the smaller (larger) function value if minimization (maximization) is provided.
- the addition of a second or further random number generator modules 13 may also be considered.
- the output of the comparison module 17 is connected to a comparison memory module 19 which stores in the time window in which the gradient method is running the smallest or largest function value with the associated control values from the comparison module 17. If the gradient method converges, the stored set is transferred to the storage module 5 and from there to the control device 21 of the power plant, the storage module 5 being connected upstream of the gradient module 1 and delivering its starting values 3.
- the newly found optimum which is present in the comparison memory modules 9 connected downstream of the gradient module 1, is relayed to the memory module 11 before the comparison module 17, and in the next cycle the comparison memory modules 9, 19 are reset.
- the random number generator of each individual variable is based on the linear congruence generator and is a pseudo random generator, since the same random number sequence is used at each start. ge is output. Like many random number generators, the linear congruence generator works with the modulo function, which outputs the remainder of a division.
- the recursive prescription of random numbers e [ ⁇ , l] and those of the random variables% e IULx 1 , LLx 1 ] describe Equations 1 and 2.
- Table 1 lists the parameters used for the four random number generators in the block described:
- the comparison module 17 has analog input sets / (X) 15 X 1 , and / (x) 2 , x 2 (and optionally / (Jc) 35 X 3 )) and a set of analogue input sets.
- the third input is normally hidden and not connected, which means that the value is zero. So that this does not lead to a malfunction of the comparison module 17, internally at all inputs, if the value zero is present, this is replaced by the smallest (maximization) or largest (minimization) representable value, so that the desired functionality of the filtration is maintained. This must be taken into account in particular if the optimum sought is zero, since this is consequently not taken into account.
- the memory module 5, 11 has an analog input set / (x) and x, a binary input SET and an analog output set fix) and x. Setting SET to 1 switches the value set at the input to the output, stores it at 0 when SET is reset, and stops at the output until the SET input is set to 1 again.
- the comparison memory module 9, 19 has an analog input
- 0 min setting of the optimization mode, a binary input SET, a binary input RS (RESET) and a set of analog outputs fixed) and x.
- the set of values fix) and x are stored and output at the output, which so far has the largest (maximization) or smallest (minimization) function value depending on the type of optimization.
- SET is set to 1
- the input set will be fixed and x at the output set fixed) and x are switched on and stored on reset of SET to 0, as with memory module 5.
- This sentence remains stored until at the input a sentence with a larger or smaller fix) is present and initially stored by the "SET" command Sentence replaced The binary "RESET" -
- the gradient module 1 has for each control value X 1 (here: 4) three analog inputs for defining the upper (U Lx 1 ) and lower (LLx 1 ) limit and the starting value x is . Furthermore, there is an analog input fix) and for each control value X 1 an analog input fix + C 1 Ax 1 ). Finally, the construction
- VDx are shifted.
- the search direction results.
- the normalized search direction is achieved by dividing the search direction vector (gradient) by the amount of the largest partial derivative such that the normalized main search component has the magnitude one.
- the initial step size is formed from the domain of definition (U Lx 1 - LLx 1 ) of the control values with the largest partial partial derivative by multiplying this value by minstep.
- the new vector x ' +1 results from the previous, normalized search direction, which is stretched over the step width. This procedure is repeated until the value of the objective function does not change steadily, but oscillates.
- Steps is reduced internally by one and the method continues with a reduced step size.
- the convergence criterion is fulfilled if the step size has reached zero or the value is reached In this case, the binary output "conv” becomes true and the gradient method can be restarted by actuating the "RS" input and new start values.
- the optimization problem can be scaled. In this way, consideration is primarily given to the requirement of a specific accuracy of the solution, based on the definition range of the manipulated variables 15. Thus, the size of the smallest increment can be entered in the main search via "min-step". direction shortly before convergence. This is
- step of the definition range of the control values 15, which has the largest partial derivative in the immediate vicinity of the optimum. This can be used to set the required accuracy of the solution.
- the "steps” parameter defines the initial step size, which, based on the definition range of the control values 15 with the currently largest partial derivative, is “steps 1 ' 5 " larger than the final step width.
- Equation 3 The penalty function p (e) is described by Equation 3:
- a method for system control in a power plant in the above-mentioned embodiment meets the requirements for integrated use in process control technology and makes it possible to quickly find a globally optimal set of control values 15. Thus, a particularly efficient operation of the power plant is made possible with high efficiency and / or very low pollutant emissions.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Feedback Control In General (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008028527 | 2008-06-16 | ||
| PCT/EP2009/056529 WO2010003735A2 (de) | 2008-06-16 | 2009-05-28 | Verfahren zur anlagensteuerung in einer kraftwerksanlage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2394031A2 true EP2394031A2 (de) | 2011-12-14 |
| EP2394031B1 EP2394031B1 (de) | 2016-01-13 |
Family
ID=41507475
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09779575.1A Active EP2394031B1 (de) | 2008-06-16 | 2009-05-28 | Verfahren zur anlagensteuerung in einer kraftwerksanlage |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9206709B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2394031B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102177476B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010003735A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015218472A1 (de) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines technischen Systems |
| BE1027173B1 (nl) * | 2019-04-05 | 2020-11-03 | Atlas Copco Airpower Nv | Werkwijze voor het regelen van een systeem voor vermogensopwekking, dergelijk systeem voor vermogensopwekking en compressorinstallatie omvattend dergelijk systeem voor vermogensopwekking |
| US12444943B1 (en) * | 2024-10-25 | 2025-10-14 | BrightNight Power LLC | Co-optimization of dispatch of multiple types of renewable energy assets to simulate a renewable energy system |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3710990A1 (de) * | 1986-04-02 | 1987-10-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Betriebssystem und verfahren zum anfahren eines waermekraftwerkes |
| EP0770232B1 (de) * | 1994-07-08 | 1998-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Führungssystem für eine kraftwerksanlage |
| US7146231B2 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2006-12-05 | Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc.. | Smart process modules and objects in process plants |
| DE10309615A1 (de) | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-23 | Siemens Ag | Dynamische Verarbeitung von Datenverarbeitungsaufträgen |
| JP4575176B2 (ja) | 2005-01-17 | 2010-11-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 排熱回収ボイラの発生蒸気推定方法及び発電設備の保全計画支援方法 |
| US8055358B2 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2011-11-08 | Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. | Multi-objective predictive process optimization with concurrent process simulation |
| US7389151B2 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2008-06-17 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for multi-level optimizing control systems for boilers |
| US7848829B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2010-12-07 | Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. | Methods and module class objects to configure absent equipment in process plants |
-
2009
- 2009-05-28 EP EP09779575.1A patent/EP2394031B1/de active Active
- 2009-05-28 WO PCT/EP2009/056529 patent/WO2010003735A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-05-28 US US12/999,088 patent/US9206709B2/en active Active
- 2009-05-28 CN CN200980131819.9A patent/CN102177476B/zh active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010003735A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2394031B1 (de) | 2016-01-13 |
| CN102177476B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
| WO2010003735A2 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
| WO2010003735A3 (de) | 2012-01-26 |
| US9206709B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
| CN102177476A (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
| US20110160926A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
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