EP2392880A1 - Shaft furnace - Google Patents

Shaft furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2392880A1
EP2392880A1 EP10005714A EP10005714A EP2392880A1 EP 2392880 A1 EP2392880 A1 EP 2392880A1 EP 10005714 A EP10005714 A EP 10005714A EP 10005714 A EP10005714 A EP 10005714A EP 2392880 A1 EP2392880 A1 EP 2392880A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
door
lateral opening
shaft
shaft furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10005714A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2392880B1 (en
Inventor
Mark Dr.-Ing. Herriger
Erwin Tschapowetz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andritz Maerz GmbH
Original Assignee
Andritz Maerz GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andritz Maerz GmbH filed Critical Andritz Maerz GmbH
Priority to EP10005714A priority Critical patent/EP2392880B1/en
Priority to RU2012130839/02A priority patent/RU2012130839A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2010/007939 priority patent/WO2011150951A1/en
Publication of EP2392880A1 publication Critical patent/EP2392880A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2392880B1 publication Critical patent/EP2392880B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/66—Tower-type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shaft furnace for heat treatment of goods of great length and a method for heat treatment of at least one good of great length in such a shaft furnace.
  • Shaft furnaces have substantially the shape of an upright tubular cylinder and are used for heat treatment of pourable or lumpy Good.
  • shaft furnaces are known in the art of melting and refining metals.
  • shaft furnaces are known, for example, for firing and sintering lime or dolomite.
  • the aforementioned shaft furnaces have on the upper side an opening for charging the goods, which is to be heat-treated in the furnace.
  • the heat-treated material is then removed from the furnace at its bottom.
  • a special form of the shaft furnace are so-called vertical tempering furnaces.
  • these goods of great length, for example waves are tempered by means of heat treatment.
  • the heat-treated material is hung on a hanger and inserted in this position from above into the oven.
  • shaft furnaces designed as vertical tempering furnaces can therefore be charged only in very high halls, the hall height must at least equal to the height of the shaft furnace plus the amount of hanging on the hanger goods.
  • shaft furnaces designed as vertical tempering furnaces can also be arranged below the floor.
  • the construction of halls of the aforementioned, high altitude and the arrangement of a shaft furnace under the floor is very expensive.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a designed as a vertical tempering shaft furnace available that allows charging with heat-treated Good, without the need for the construction of high-altitude halls or the arrangement of the shaft furnace below the floor would be necessary.
  • the invention is based on the basic idea, no longer designed as a vertical quench furnace shaft furnace, as before, from the top, but from the side to feed heat to be treated in the oven Good.
  • the furnace wall of the shaft furnace has a lateral opening which is dimensioned such that the furnace can be charged through the lateral opening with goods of great length.
  • a door is provided, through which this lateral opening can be closed.
  • “Lateral” opening means that the opening is arranged on the vertically extending, ie lateral wall of the shaft furnace.
  • the lateral opening preferably extends completely or substantially over the entire height of the furnace, that is in particular from the furnace sole to the top of the furnace. This makes it possible to feed the furnace alone by a horizontal movement of the material to be heat-treated in the oven with the good and at the same time to use virtually the entire height of the furnace chamber for heat treatment.
  • the lateral opening extends over at least 80% or over at least over 90% of the height of the furnace, in particular the height of the furnace chamber of the furnace.
  • the lateral opening is passed at its upper end through the top of the shaft furnace.
  • the side opening is open at the top.
  • opens the lateral opening at its upper end preferably in an opening at the top of the shaft furnace through which the hanger during the heat treatment of the material is performed in the oven. This makes it possible to move the material to be heat-treated in the oven directly to the hanger by the lateral opening by means of a horizontal movement in the position in which the hanger is with the material thereon during the heat treatment. An additional vertical movement is not or only minimally necessary.
  • the lateral opening may be designed substantially like a door or window opening.
  • the boundaries of the lateral opening ie, practically their "reveal" can extend substantially horizontally and laterally substantially vertically above and below the lateral opening.
  • the furnace wall of the shaft furnace has, in particular, a furnace shell, preferably a sheet steel jacket, and a furnace lining facing, refractory lining.
  • the refractory lining may, for example, be provided in the form of at least one of the following products or a combination of these products: refractory fiber material, refractory bricks, refractory lining or refractory material.
  • the refractory lining is provided entirely or predominantly in the form of refractory fiber material.
  • the door through which the lateral opening is closable, can be designed as a removable section of the furnace wall and preferably formed according to the furnace wall. Accordingly, the door may preferably have a jacket made of sheet steel, which serves as a section of the Oven mantle can be designed. On its - in the closed position - the furnace chamber facing side of the jacket made of sheet steel may have a refractory lining, in particular in the form of fiber material. The refractory lining of the door is prefabricated according to the refractory lining of the shaft furnace in the region of the lateral opening.
  • the furnace burner For firing the furnace chamber, the furnace burner.
  • the burners are preferably arranged in the region of the lateral furnace wall and in particular uniformly, so that the furnace chamber can be uniformly fired by the burners.
  • no burners are arranged on the door.
  • the door no fuel gas and air supply lines for the burner, which would be a hindrance in particular in a movement of the door, must have. Also, moving the door would otherwise risk damaging those lines.
  • this has the advantage that the door can be designed to be particularly simple and robust.
  • Burner may preferably be used pulse burner. Preferably, it can be cold air or recuperative burner (Flox operation).
  • the burners may in particular be arranged such that they fire the furnace chamber tangentially to the inner surface of the furnace wall of the furnace chamber. According to a development of this embodiment, the burners may in particular be arranged such that the combustion gases move in a spiral through the furnace chamber; This results in a very favorable
  • the shaft furnace may preferably be designed for firing temperatures up to about 1200 ° C.
  • the shaft furnace according to the invention preferably has substantially the shape of an upright, hollow circular cylinder.
  • both the furnace chamber and the outer circumference of the furnace preferably have a substantially circular cross-sectional area.
  • a furnace chamber with a circular cross-sectional area is particularly advantageously adapted to heat-treated goods with a substantially circular outer periphery, such as waves.
  • the diameter of the (circular) furnace space (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the furnace) is preferably up to 4 m, more preferably up to 4.5 m or 5 m.
  • the minimum diameter of the oven space is preferably at least 2.5 m or 3 m.
  • the height of the furnace chamber is preferably up to 20 m, possibly also up to 25 m.
  • the minimum height of the oven space is preferably at least 10 m or 15 m.
  • a correspondingly dimensioned furnace according to the invention is suitable for heat treatment, in particular the tempering, of goods of great length.
  • the oven according to the invention is suitable for remuneration, ie in particular the hardening or tempering of goods of steel.
  • the length of the heat-treatable in the oven according to the invention goods can be a considerable part of the height of the furnace chamber of the shaft furnace, for example, up to 50%, up to 80% or even up to 90% of the height of the furnace chamber. Accordingly, the length of the heat-treatable goods in the oven, for example, up to 12 m, up to 15 m, up to 20 m or even up to 22 m.
  • the diameter of the goods heat-treatable in the oven may, for example, be up to 2 m, up to 3 m or even up to 3.5 m.
  • shafts such as, for example, generator, ship or drive shafts, may be heat-treatable.
  • the shaft furnace according to the invention has an opening for the passage of a hanger, on which the material to be tempered in the furnace is suspended during the heat treatment.
  • the hanger may be disposed at an external platform disposed around the furnace, particularly in the form of a steel framework.
  • the hanger can, as known from the prior art, be movable by means of a crane.
  • the width of the lateral opening amounts to 25% to 50% of the circumference of the shaft furnace.
  • the width of the lateral opening is therefore 90 ° to 180 ° of the outer periphery.
  • the width of the lateral opening is 25% to 40% of the
  • the clear, lateral opening width of the lateral opening is preferably 2 m to 4 m, particularly preferably 2.5 m to 3.5 m.
  • the door is preferably designed so that it is completely removable from the side opening or the shaft furnace, so that there is no contact between shaft furnace and door.
  • the door can be arranged on a movable device.
  • the door may for example be movable, preferably such that the door is movable on the one hand along a first direction transversely to the furnace and along a second, perpendicular to the first direction extending direction. Along the second direction, the door is correspondingly movable toward and away from the oven or side opening.
  • Such mobility or movability of the door has the advantage that only a small amount of space is needed to move the door so from the side opening can, that the side opening is fully released, thereby charging the furnace with heat-treated Good.
  • the door is arranged on a movable framework.
  • the framework may preferably be movable on a rail system.
  • the framework can be arranged, for example, on a carriage which can be moved on rails.
  • a first rail system is provided, along which the carriage along a first, transverse to the lateral opening (and thus also transverse to the oven) extending, straight path is movable.
  • a second rail system can further be provided on the carriage, along which the frame can be moved along a second straight line running perpendicular to the course of the first section.
  • the door is accordingly movable transversely to the lateral opening and, by means of the second rail system, towards and away from the lateral opening.
  • the car is first moved on the first rail system transversely to the side opening along the first distance until the door (frontally) is positioned in front of the lateral opening.
  • the framework is moved by means of the second, arranged on the carriage rail system along the second distance to the side opening until the door closes the side opening.
  • To open the lateral opening of this movement of the door is executed accordingly reversed.
  • refractory fiber material To seal the door can be provided in particular refractory fiber material.
  • This refractory fiber material may be provided in particular in the contact area between the door and the lateral boundary of the lateral opening.
  • Alternatively or cumulatively to the refractory fiber material may be provided for sealing, for example, refractory sealing cords and / or a labyrinth closure.
  • a closure mechanism can be provided, by means of which the door can be held in the closed position, ie in its position closing the lateral opening.
  • a closure mechanism is provided which comprises first holding means arranged on the door, arranged with the second, at the shaft furnace Cooperation means cooperate.
  • the first holding means are preferably provided peripherally of the door.
  • the second holding means are preferably provided on the area surrounding the lateral opening of the oven, in particular in the region of the oven jacket surrounding the lateral opening.
  • first holding means may be provided, which can engage in the second holding means for closing the door.
  • first holding means are provided in the form of swiveling claws, by means of which the second holding means can be gripped behind at least in sections.
  • the second holding means may for example have sections in the form of bolts, lugs or webs, which are engaged behind by the claws.
  • the portions of the second holding means which can be engaged behind by the claws are movable, in particular, for example, rollable.
  • the first holding means engage in the closed position of the door due to gravity in the second holding means.
  • the claws can be pivotable in a vertical plane, wherein the tip of the claws is preferably each aligned such that it faces downward in a downward pivotal movement of the claws.
  • the claws are aligned in this embodiment so that they engage in a downward pivoting movement in the second holding means or engage behind. As a result, the claws gravitationally engage securely in the second holding means.
  • the door can be held in its closed position by means of a pneumatic system.
  • the first holding means are controllable by means of a pneumatic and thus, for example, first holding means in the form of swiveling claws are pivotable by means of a pneumatic.
  • a corresponding pneumatic locking mechanism has proven to be much more advantageous than an electric or hydraulic locking mechanism.
  • the first holding means in particular in the form of swiveling claws, can be controlled synchronously by a pneumatic system. This makes it possible to hold the door very evenly at a lateral opening without the occurrence of tensions or moments that could result in poor closure of the lateral opening or even damage to the door.
  • a closure mechanism having pneumatically pivotable claws as described above has the particular advantage of great robustness with a simultaneously outstanding closure effect.
  • the door is movably arranged on a movable framework.
  • the door is therefore not rigid, but arranged flexibly on the frame.
  • the door may over elastic and / or movable holding means to be arranged on the frame, for example holding means in the form of springs or rubber elements.
  • Such a movable or flexible arrangement of the door on the movable framework has the advantage that the framework must not be tracked when closing the lateral opening through the door by means of the locking mechanism, since the movable arrangement a certain "game" of the door to the scaffold allowed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first, the FIG. 2 a second and the FIGS. 3 to 6 a third embodiment, but agree in their essential basic components. Accordingly, the same or equivalent components are each provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the shaft furnace is in FIG. 1 marked with the reference numeral 1.
  • the shaft furnace 1 is a vertical tempering furnace.
  • the shaft furnace 1 has substantially the shape of an upright, hollow circular cylinder.
  • the furnace wall 3 of the shaft furnace 1 has a steel jacket 5 with a furnace chamber 7 facing, refractory lining 9 in the form of refractory fiber material.
  • both the furnace chamber 7 and the outer periphery of the steel sheet jacket 5 each have a substantially circular cross-sectional area.
  • the shaft furnace 1 has a height of about 20 m and a diameter of about 6.5 m.
  • the clear height of the furnace chamber 7 is about 18 m with a clear inner diameter of about 4.5 m.
  • the furnace 1 is in eight different heights, which are each arranged uniformly spaced from each other over the height of the furnace 1, each of four Rekuperatorbrennern 11, the circumferentially of the furnace 1 are each arranged uniformly spaced apart, interspersed.
  • the furnace 1 therefore has a total of thirty-two recuperative burners 11.
  • the burners 11 are each arranged such that they fire the furnace chamber 7 tangentially to its inner surface.
  • the shaft furnace 1 is designed for annealing temperatures up to about 1,200 ° C.
  • the shaft furnace 1 On its upper side 20, the shaft furnace 1 has an opening 13 for the passage of a suspension 15.
  • the by means of a crane (not shown) movable hanger 15 is used for suspension of heat in the shaft furnace 1 Good, in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 a wave 17.
  • the shaft 17 is suspended on the hanger 15 inserted into the shaft furnace 1.
  • the hanger 15 can be placed on an outer platform 19 comprising the shaft furnace 1 in the form of a steel framework.
  • the furnace wall 3 has a lateral opening 21 to the furnace chamber 7.
  • the lateral opening 21 extends substantially over the entire height of the furnace or the furnace wall, in the embodiment of a region of the furnace sole 23 of the furnace 1 through the top 20 of the furnace 1 through.
  • the lateral opening 21 opens at its upper end in the upper-side opening 13 of the shaft furnace 1, through which the hanger 1 is feasible, so that the hanger 15 by means of a horizontal movement through the upper opening 13 is feasible.
  • the lateral opening 21 has a height of about 19 m and thus extends over about 95% of the height of the furnace first
  • the width that is to say the clear opening width of the lateral opening 21, is approximately 3.5 m and accordingly extends over approximately 120 ° of the outer circumference of the shaft furnace 1.
  • the left boundary 25 and the right boundary 27 of the lateral opening 21 extend substantially vertically, while FIG the lower boundary 29 of the lateral opening 21 extends substantially horizontally.
  • the lateral opening 21 has no boundary, but opens here into the upper opening 13.
  • the lateral opening 21 can be closed by a door 31.
  • the door 31 is designed substantially like a removable section of the furnace wall 3 and accordingly has a jacket made of sheet steel 33, which on its - in the closed position - the furnace chamber 7 side facing a refractory lining in the form of fiber material has (in FIG. 1 not shown).
  • the burners 11 are arranged on the shaft furnace 1 in such a way that no burners 11 are arranged on the door 31. This has the advantage of high robustness and movability of the door 31.
  • the door 31 is over flexible holding means (see FIG. 6 ) attached to a steel frame 35, which is arranged on a rail movable carriage 37 is.
  • the carriage 37 is movable along a first rail system 39 along a first path extending transversely to the lateral opening 21, shown in FIG FIG. 1 by the double arrow R1.
  • a second rail system 41 is arranged, on which the framework 35 along a second, perpendicular to the course of the first route or perpendicular to the course of the first rail system 39 extending second route is movable, indicated in FIG FIG. 1 through the double arrow R2.
  • FIG. 1 the door 31 is shown in a detached position from the side opening 21.
  • the door 31 is moved transversely away from the lateral opening 21 along the first distance R1, so that the lateral opening 21 is completely released.
  • the shaft furnace 1 can be loaded and unloaded very well with heat-treated good.
  • the carriage 37 For closing the side opening 21 through the door 31, the carriage 37 is first moved along the first distance R1 to a position in which the door 31 is positioned frontally in front of the side opening 21. Subsequently, the door 31 is moved toward the lateral opening 21 via the second rail system 41 along the second distance R2 until it comes to lie against the side walls 21 surrounding the lateral opening 21, 25, 27, 29, and the lateral opening 21 closes.
  • This locking mechanism includes in FIG. 2 on the one hand five, arranged on both sides of the door 31 claws 43, the in a vertical plane are pivotally (in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 each four and in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 each six arranged on both sides of the door 31 claws).
  • Each claw 43 has a first end-side portion 45, on which it is pivotally connected to a mounting plate 47, which projects beyond the door 31 laterally articulated.
  • the second, the first end-side section 45 opposite end portion 49 of each claw 43 is shaped like a hook.
  • the hook 49 of each claw 43 is in each case made up in such a way that the hook tip of the hook 49 points downward during a downward pivoting movement of the hook 43.
  • the locking mechanism comprises second retaining means 51 (see FIGS. 3 to 5 ), which are arranged circumferentially of the lateral opening 21 on the furnace 1. In the illustration after FIG. 3 For the sake of clarity, only the retaining means 51 arranged thereon are shown on the furnace side without the other components of the furnace 21.
  • Each second holding means 51 each comprise a horizontally oriented metal pin 52 which is supported between two metal plates 53, 55 which are circumferentially attached to the lateral opening 21 on the jacket 33 of the furnace 1 and projecting outwardly therefrom.
  • the second holding means 51 are arranged such that - when the door 31 abuts against the lateral opening 21 - each claw 43 is arranged opposite to a respective second holding means 51.
  • the bolts 52 of the second holding means 51 are aligned such that the claws 43 at a downwardly directed pivoting movement with its hook 49 each engage behind the metal pin 52 of the second holding means 51.
  • the hooks 49 of the claws 43 and the metal pins 52 of the holding means 51 are arranged in such a way to each other that the hooks 49 come to lie in the downward pivotal movement of the claws 43 against the metal pin 52. As a result, the door 31 is securely held in the closed position at the lateral opening 21.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 the aforementioned shutter mechanism is illustrated in an enlarged view, wherein FIG. 4 the shutter mechanism in a side view and FIG. 5 shows the locking mechanism in a representation from above.
  • a particular advantage of the above-described closure mechanism lies in particular in the fact that this ensures a secure support of the door 31 at the lateral opening 21 even in the event of failure of the pneumatics for controlling the claws 43. Because of gravity, the claws 43 with their hooks 49 reliably reach behind the metal bolts 52 of the second holding means 51 even in the event of a failure of the pneumatic system.
  • FIG. 6 shows in an enlarged view the holder of the lateral opening 21 on the frame 35 according to detail F in FIG. 3 ,
  • This holder 59 comprises a threaded bolt 61 which is fixed to the jacket 33 of the door 31 and projects horizontally from this.
  • the threaded bolt 61 is through the Opening 63 of a arranged on the frame 35 metal plate 65 out.
  • On both sides of the metal plate 65 is each a tension spring 67, 69 disposed around the threaded bolt 61 around.
  • the springs 67, 69 are prestressed respectively between the metal plate 65 and one each pushed onto the threaded bolt 61 perforated disc 71, 73 braced.
  • the perforated discs 71, 73 are guided over the threaded bolt 61 screwed nuts 75, 77 against the springs 67, 69. Accordingly, the door 31 is arranged on this support 59 under bias flexible to the frame 35.
  • This flexible arrangement of the door 31 on the carriage 35 gives the door 31 a certain "play", even if the carriage 35 does not move. Therefore, as soon as the door 31 therefore makes a slight movement when closing and releasing the shutter mechanism, the bracket 59 gives the door 31 sufficient freedom of movement to be able to carry out this slight movement without the carriage 37 having to be moved on the rails 39, 41. This allows the door 31 to be moved particularly easily into such a position in front of the lateral opening 21 in which it can then be securely brought into the closed position via the locking mechanism.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

Shaft furnace (1) for heat treatment of a material of larger length comprises: a furnace wall (3); a furnace chamber (7) surrounding the furnace wall; and burners (11) for firing the furnace chamber, where the furnace wall exhibits a lateral opening to the furnace chamber, and the furnace is charged with the material through the lateral opening. The lateral opening is closed by a door (31), where the door is arranged on a movable framework, and is completely removable from the lateral opening. An independent claim is also included for heat treatment of at least one material of larger length in the shaft furnace, comprising introducing the material of larger length into the furnace chamber through the lateral opening, and holding the material in the furnace chamber, closing the lateral opening by the door, firing the furnace chamber by the burner for the heat treatment of the material, detaching the door from the lateral opening, and conducting out the material from the furnace chamber through the lateral opening.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schachtofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Gütern großer Länge sowie ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung wenigstens eines Gutes großer Länge in einem solchen Schachtofen.The invention relates to a shaft furnace for heat treatment of goods of great length and a method for heat treatment of at least one good of great length in such a shaft furnace.

Schachtöfen weisen im wesentlichen die Form eines aufrecht stehenden Rohrzylinders auf und dienen zur Wärmebehandlung von schüttfähigem oder stückigem Gut.Shaft furnaces have substantially the shape of an upright tubular cylinder and are used for heat treatment of pourable or lumpy Good.

Beispielsweise sind Schachtöfen in der Schmelztechnik zum Schmelzen und Raffinieren von Metallen bekannt. Ferner sind Schachtöfen beispielsweise zum Brennen und Sintern von Kalk oder Dolomit bekannt.For example, shaft furnaces are known in the art of melting and refining metals. Furthermore, shaft furnaces are known, for example, for firing and sintering lime or dolomite.

Die vorbezeichneten Schachtöfen weisen oberseitig eine Öffnung zur Chargierung des Gutes auf, das in dem Ofen wärmebehandelt werden soll. Das wärmebehandelte Gut wird dem Ofen anschließend an seiner Unterseite entnommen.The aforementioned shaft furnaces have on the upper side an opening for charging the goods, which is to be heat-treated in the furnace. The heat-treated material is then removed from the furnace at its bottom.

Eine besondere Form des Schachtofens stellen sogenannte Vertikal-Vergüteöfen dar. In diesen werden Güter großer Länge, beispielsweise Wellen, mittels Wärmebehandlung vergütet. Das wärmezubehandelnde Gut wird hierzu an ein Gehänge gehängt und in dieser Position von oben in den Ofen eingeführt. Als Vertikal-Vergüteöfen ausgebildete Schachtöfen können daher nur in sehr hohen Hallen chargiert werden, wobei die Hallenhöhe wenigstens der Höhe des Schachtofens zuzüglich der Höhe des an dem Gehänge hängenden Gutes entsprechen muss. Alternativ können als Vertikal-Vergüteöfen ausgebildete Schachtöfen auch unter Flur angeordnet werden. Sowohl die Errichtung von Hallen der vorbezeichneten, großen Höhe als auch die Anordnung eines Schachtofens unter Flur ist jedoch sehr aufwendig.A special form of the shaft furnace are so-called vertical tempering furnaces. In these goods of great length, for example waves, are tempered by means of heat treatment. The heat-treated material is hung on a hanger and inserted in this position from above into the oven. Designed as vertical tempering furnaces shaft furnaces can therefore be charged only in very high halls, the hall height must at least equal to the height of the shaft furnace plus the amount of hanging on the hanger goods. Alternatively, shaft furnaces designed as vertical tempering furnaces can also be arranged below the floor. However, the construction of halls of the aforementioned, high altitude and the arrangement of a shaft furnace under the floor is very expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen als Vertikal-Vergüteofen ausgebildeten Schachtofen zur Verfügung zu stellen, der eine Chargierung mit wärmezubehandelndem Gut erlaubt, ohne dass hierzu die Errichtung Hallen großer Höhe oder die Anordnung des Schachtofens unter Flur notwendig wäre.The invention is based on the object to provide a designed as a vertical tempering shaft furnace available that allows charging with heat-treated Good, without the need for the construction of high-altitude halls or the arrangement of the shaft furnace below the floor would be necessary.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß zur Verfügung gestellt ein Schachtofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Gütern großer Länge mit folgenden Merkmalen:

  • einer Ofenwandung;
  • die Ofenwandung umschließt einen Ofenraum;
  • Brenner zur Befeuerung des Ofenraums;
  • die Ofenwandung weist eine seitliche Öffnung zum Ofenraum auf;
  • durch die seitliche Öffnung ist der Ofen mit Gütern großer Länge chargierbar;
  • die seitliche Öffnung ist durch eine Tür verschließbar.
To achieve this object, a shaft furnace for the heat treatment of goods of great length is provided according to the invention with the following features:
  • a furnace wall;
  • the furnace wall encloses a furnace space;
  • Burner for firing the furnace space;
  • the furnace wall has a lateral opening to the furnace chamber;
  • through the lateral opening of the furnace with goods of great length is chargeable;
  • the side opening can be closed by a door.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Grundüberlegung, einen als Vertikal-Vergüteofen ausgebildeten Schachtofen nicht mehr, wie bisher, von oben, sondern von der Seite aus mit einem in dem Ofen wärmezubehandelnden Gut zu beschicken. Hierzu weist die Ofenwandung des Schachtofens eine seitliche Öffnung auf, die derart dimensioniert ist, dass der Ofen durch die seitliche Öffnung mit Gütern großer Länge chargierbar ist. Ferner ist eine Tür vorgesehen, durch die diese seitliche Öffnung verschließbar ist.The invention is based on the basic idea, no longer designed as a vertical quench furnace shaft furnace, as before, from the top, but from the side to feed heat to be treated in the oven Good. For this purpose, the furnace wall of the shaft furnace has a lateral opening which is dimensioned such that the furnace can be charged through the lateral opening with goods of great length. Furthermore, a door is provided, through which this lateral opening can be closed.

"Seitliche" Öffnung bedeutet, dass die Öffnung an der vertikal verlaufenden, also seitlichen Wandung des Schachtofens angeordnet ist."Lateral" opening means that the opening is arranged on the vertically extending, ie lateral wall of the shaft furnace.

Die seitliche Öffnung erstreckt sich bevorzugt vollständig oder im wesentlichen über die gesamte Höhe des Ofens, also insbesondere von der Ofensohle bis zur Oberseite des Ofens. Hierdurch ist es möglich, den Ofen allein durch eine horizontale Bewegung des in dem Ofen wärmezubehandelnden Gutes mit dem Gut zu beschicken und gleichzeitig praktisch die gesamte Höhe des Ofenraumes zur Wärmebehandlung zu nutzen. Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass sich die seitliche Öffnung über wenigstens 80 % oder auch über wenigstens über 90 % der Höhe des Ofens, insbesondere der Höhe des Ofenraumes des Ofens, erstreckt.The lateral opening preferably extends completely or substantially over the entire height of the furnace, that is in particular from the furnace sole to the top of the furnace. This makes it possible to feed the furnace alone by a horizontal movement of the material to be heat-treated in the oven with the good and at the same time to use virtually the entire height of the furnace chamber for heat treatment. In particular, it can be provided that the lateral opening extends over at least 80% or over at least over 90% of the height of the furnace, in particular the height of the furnace chamber of the furnace.

Bevorzugt ist die seitliche Öffnung an ihrem oberen Ende durch die Oberseite des Schachtofens hindurchgeführt. Mit anderen Worten: Die seitliche Öffnung ist nach oben offen. Nach einer Fortbildung dieses Erfindungsgedankens mündet die seitliche Öffnung an ihrem oberen Ende bevorzugt in eine Öffnung an der Oberseite des Schachtofens, durch die das Gehänge während der Wärmebehandlung des Gutes im Ofen geführt ist. Dies ermöglicht es, das in dem Ofen wärmezubehandelnde Gut unmittelbar an dem Gehänge durch die seitliche Öffnung mittels einer horizontalen Bewegung in die Stellung zu bewegen, in der sich das Gehänge mit dem daran befindlichen Gut während der Wärmebehandlung befindet. Eine zusätzliche Vertikalbewegung ist nicht oder nur minimal notwendig.Preferably, the lateral opening is passed at its upper end through the top of the shaft furnace. In other words, the side opening is open at the top. According to a development of this inventive idea opens the lateral opening at its upper end preferably in an opening at the top of the shaft furnace through which the hanger during the heat treatment of the material is performed in the oven. This makes it possible to move the material to be heat-treated in the oven directly to the hanger by the lateral opening by means of a horizontal movement in the position in which the hanger is with the material thereon during the heat treatment. An additional vertical movement is not or only minimally necessary.

Die seitliche Öffnung kann im Wesentlichen wie eine Tür- beziehungsweise Fensteröffnung gestaltet sein. Dabei können die Begrenzungen der seitlichen Öffnung (also praktisch deren "Laibung") ober- und unterseitig der seitlichen Öffnung im Wesentlichen horizontal und seitlich im wesentlichen vertikal verlaufen.The lateral opening may be designed substantially like a door or window opening. In this case, the boundaries of the lateral opening (ie, practically their "reveal") can extend substantially horizontally and laterally substantially vertically above and below the lateral opening.

Die Ofenwandung des Schachtofens weist insbesondere einen Ofenmantel, bevorzugt einen Stahlblechmantel, und eine dem Ofenraum zugewandte, feuerfeste Auskleidung auf. Die feuerfeste Auskleidung kann beispielsweise in Form wenigstens eines der folgenden Erzeugnisse oder einer Kombination dieser Erzeugnisse vorgesehen sein: Feuerfestes Fasermaterial, Feuerleichtsteine, feuerfeste Ausmauerung oder feuerfeste Masse. Bevorzugt ist die feuerfeste Auskleidung ganz oder überwiegend in Form von feuerfestem Fasermaterial vorgesehen.The furnace wall of the shaft furnace has, in particular, a furnace shell, preferably a sheet steel jacket, and a furnace lining facing, refractory lining. The refractory lining may, for example, be provided in the form of at least one of the following products or a combination of these products: refractory fiber material, refractory bricks, refractory lining or refractory material. Preferably, the refractory lining is provided entirely or predominantly in the form of refractory fiber material.

Die Tür, durch die die seitliche Öffnung verschließbar ist, kann wie ein abnehmbarer Abschnitt der Ofenwandung gestaltet und bevorzugt entsprechend der Ofenwandung ausgebildet sein. Demnach kann die Tür bevorzugt einen Mantel aus Stahlblech aufweisen, der als Abschnitt des Ofenmantels gestaltet sein kann. Auf seiner - in der Schließstellung - dem Ofenraum zugewandten Seite kann der Mantel aus Stahlblech eine feuerfeste Auskleidung, insbesondere in Form von Fasermaterial aufweisen. Die feuerfeste Auskleidung der Tür ist bevorzugt entsprechend der feuerfesten Auskleidung des Schachtofens im Bereich der seitlichen Öffnung konfektioniert.The door, through which the lateral opening is closable, can be designed as a removable section of the furnace wall and preferably formed according to the furnace wall. Accordingly, the door may preferably have a jacket made of sheet steel, which serves as a section of the Oven mantle can be designed. On its - in the closed position - the furnace chamber facing side of the jacket made of sheet steel may have a refractory lining, in particular in the form of fiber material. The refractory lining of the door is prefabricated according to the refractory lining of the shaft furnace in the region of the lateral opening.

Zur Befeuerung des Ofenraums weist der Ofen Brenner auf. Die Brenner sind bevorzugt im Bereich der seitlichen Ofenwandung und insbesondere gleichmäßig angeordnet, so dass sich der Ofenraum durch die Brenner gleichmäßig befeuern lässt.For firing the furnace chamber, the furnace burner. The burners are preferably arranged in the region of the lateral furnace wall and in particular uniformly, so that the furnace chamber can be uniformly fired by the burners.

Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind keine Brenner an der Tür angeordnet. Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass die Tür keine Brenngas- und Luftzuleitungen für die Brenner, die insbesondere bei einer Bewegung der Tür hinderlich wären, aufweisen muss. Außerdem bestünde bei einer Bewegung der Tür ansonsten die Gefahr, dass diese Leitungen beschädigt werden könnten. Gleichzeitig hat dies den Vorteil, dass die Tür besonders einfach und robust gestaltet sein kann.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, no burners are arranged on the door. This has the particular advantage that the door no fuel gas and air supply lines for the burner, which would be a hindrance in particular in a movement of the door, must have. Also, moving the door would otherwise risk damaging those lines. At the same time, this has the advantage that the door can be designed to be particularly simple and robust.

Als Brenner können bevorzugt Impulsbrenner verwendet sein. Bevorzugt kann es sich um Kaltluft oder Rekuperatorbrenner (Flox-Betrieb) handeln. Die Brenner können insbesondere derart angeordnet sein, dass sie den Ofenraum tangential zur inneren Fläche der Ofenwandung des Ofenraums befeuern. Nach einer Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform können die Brenner insbesondere derart angeordnet sein, dass sich die Brenngase spiralförmig durch den Ofenraum bewegen; hierdurch ergibt sich eine sehr günstigeBurner may preferably be used pulse burner. Preferably, it can be cold air or recuperative burner (Flox operation). The burners may in particular be arranged such that they fire the furnace chamber tangentially to the inner surface of the furnace wall of the furnace chamber. According to a development of this embodiment, the burners may in particular be arranged such that the combustion gases move in a spiral through the furnace chamber; This results in a very favorable

Verteilung der Brennerleistung über den Ofenraum.Distribution of the burner output over the oven room.

Der Schachtofen kann bevorzugt für Brenntemperaturen bis etwa 1.200° C ausgelegt sein.The shaft furnace may preferably be designed for firing temperatures up to about 1200 ° C.

Der erfindungsgemäße Schachtofen weist bevorzugt im Wesentlichen die Form eines aufrecht stehenden, hohlen Kreiszylinders auf. Im Querschnitt senkrecht zur Längsachse des Zylinders weisen bevorzugt sowohl der Ofenraum als auch der Außenumfang des Ofens eine im Wesentlichen kreisförmige Querschnittsfläche auf. Ein Ofenraum mit einer kreisförmigen Querschnittsfläche ist besonders vorteilhaft an wärmezubehandelnde Güter mit einem im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Außenumfang angepasst, beispielsweise Wellen.The shaft furnace according to the invention preferably has substantially the shape of an upright, hollow circular cylinder. In cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, both the furnace chamber and the outer circumference of the furnace preferably have a substantially circular cross-sectional area. A furnace chamber with a circular cross-sectional area is particularly advantageously adapted to heat-treated goods with a substantially circular outer periphery, such as waves.

Der Durchmesser des (kreisförmigen) Ofenraums (Querschnittsfläche senkrecht zur Längsachse des Ofens) beträgt bevorzugt bis zu 4 m, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 4,5 m oder 5 m. Der Mindestdurchmesser des Ofenraums beträgt bevorzugt wenigstens 2,5 m oder 3 m.The diameter of the (circular) furnace space (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the furnace) is preferably up to 4 m, more preferably up to 4.5 m or 5 m. The minimum diameter of the oven space is preferably at least 2.5 m or 3 m.

Die Höhe des Ofenraums beträgt bevorzugt bis zu 20 m, gegebenenfalls auch bis zu 25 m. Die Mindesthöhe des Ofenraumes beträgt bevorzugt wenigstens 10 m oder 15 m.The height of the furnace chamber is preferably up to 20 m, possibly also up to 25 m. The minimum height of the oven space is preferably at least 10 m or 15 m.

Ein entsprechend dimensionierter, erfindungsgemäßer Ofen eignet sich zur Wärmebehandlung, insbesondere der Vergütung, von Gütern großer Länge. Insbesondere eignet sich der erfindungsgemäße Ofen zur Vergütung, also insbesondere dem Härten oder Anlassen, von Gütern aus Stahl. Die Länge der in dem erfindungsgemäßen Ofen wärmbehandelbaren Güter kann einen erheblichen Teil der Höhe des Ofenraumes des Schachtofens betragen, beispielsweise bis zu 50 %, bis zu 80 % oder auch bis zu 90 % der Höhe des Ofenraumes. Entsprechend kann die Länge der in dem Ofen wärmbehandelbaren Güter beispielsweise bis zu 12 m, bis zu 15 m, bis zu 20 m oder auch bis zu 22 m betragen. Der Durchmesser der in dem Ofen wärmebehandelbaren Güter kann beispielsweise bis zu 2 m, bis zu 3 m ode rauch bis zu 3,5 m betragen. Insbesondere können in dem erfindungsgemäßen Ofen beispielsweise Wellen, wie beispielsweise Generator-, Schiffs- oder Antriebswellen, wärmebehandelbar sein.A correspondingly dimensioned furnace according to the invention is suitable for heat treatment, in particular the tempering, of goods of great length. In particular, the oven according to the invention is suitable for remuneration, ie in particular the hardening or tempering of goods of steel. The length of the heat-treatable in the oven according to the invention goods can be a considerable part of the height of the furnace chamber of the shaft furnace, for example, up to 50%, up to 80% or even up to 90% of the height of the furnace chamber. Accordingly, the length of the heat-treatable goods in the oven, for example, up to 12 m, up to 15 m, up to 20 m or even up to 22 m. The diameter of the goods heat-treatable in the oven may, for example, be up to 2 m, up to 3 m or even up to 3.5 m. In particular, in the furnace according to the invention, for example, shafts, such as, for example, generator, ship or drive shafts, may be heat-treatable.

An seiner Oberseite weist der erfindungsgemäße Schachtofen eine Öffnung zur Durchführung eines Gehänges auf, an dem das in dem Ofen zu vergütende Gut während der Wärmebehandlung aufgehängt ist. Während des Wärmebehandlungsprozesses in dem Ofen kann das Gehänge an einer um den Ofen herum angeordneten Außenbühne, insbesondere in Form eines Stahlgerüstes, angeordnet sein. Das Gehänge kann, wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, mittels eines Kranes bewegbar sein.On its upper side, the shaft furnace according to the invention has an opening for the passage of a hanger, on which the material to be tempered in the furnace is suspended during the heat treatment. During the heat treatment process in the furnace, the hanger may be disposed at an external platform disposed around the furnace, particularly in the form of a steel framework. The hanger can, as known from the prior art, be movable by means of a crane.

Um das in dem erfindungsgemäßen Schachtofen wärmezubehandelnde Gut sicher und einfach durch die seitliche Öffnung in den Ofenraum einführen zu können, kann erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen sein, dass die Breite der seitlichen Öffnung 25 % bis 50 % des Umfangs des Schachtofens beträgt. Im Falle eines kreisförmigen Außenumfangs des Schachtofens beträgt die Breite der seitlichen Öffnung demnach 90° bis 180° des Außenumfangs. Besonders bevorzugt beträgt die Breite der seitlichen Öffnung 25 % bis 40 % desIn order to be able to safely and easily insert the material to be heat-treated in the shaft furnace according to the invention through the lateral opening into the furnace chamber, it can be provided according to the invention that the width of the lateral opening amounts to 25% to 50% of the circumference of the shaft furnace. In the case of a circular outer periphery of the shaft furnace, the width of the lateral opening is therefore 90 ° to 180 ° of the outer periphery. Particularly preferably, the width of the lateral opening is 25% to 40% of the

Außenumfangs des Schachtofens. Die lichte, seitliche Öffnungsweite der seitlichen Öffnung beträgt bevorzugt 2 m bis 4 m, besonders bevorzugt 2,5 m bis 3,5 m.Outside circumference of the shaft furnace. The clear, lateral opening width of the lateral opening is preferably 2 m to 4 m, particularly preferably 2.5 m to 3.5 m.

Die Tür ist bevorzugt derart gestaltet, dass sie vollständig von der seitlichen Öffnung beziehungsweise dem Schachtofen abnehmbar ist, so dass kein Kontakt mehr zwischen Schachtofen und Tür besteht. Dies hat den Vorteil eines ungehinderten Zugangs zum Ofenraum. Bevorzugt kann die Tür an einer bewegbaren Vorrichtung angeordnet sein. Demnach kann die Tür beispielsweise verfahrbar sein, bevorzugt derart, dass die Tür zum einen entlang einer ersten Richtung quer zum Ofen und entlang einer zweiten, senkrecht zur ersten Richtung verlaufenden Richtung bewegbar ist. Entlang der zweiten Richtung ist die Tür entsprechend auf den Ofen beziehungsweise die seitliche Öffnung zu und hiervon weg bewegbar. Eine solche Bewegbarkeit beziehungsweise Verfahrbarkeit der Tür hat den Vorteil, dass nur ein geringer Raumbedarf benötigt wird, um die Tür derart von der seitlichen Öffnung wegbewegen zu können, dass die seitliche Öffnung völlig freigegeben wird, um hierdurch den Ofen mit wärmezubehandelndem Gut chargieren zu können.The door is preferably designed so that it is completely removable from the side opening or the shaft furnace, so that there is no contact between shaft furnace and door. This has the advantage of unobstructed access to the oven room. Preferably, the door can be arranged on a movable device. Accordingly, the door may for example be movable, preferably such that the door is movable on the one hand along a first direction transversely to the furnace and along a second, perpendicular to the first direction extending direction. Along the second direction, the door is correspondingly movable toward and away from the oven or side opening. Such mobility or movability of the door has the advantage that only a small amount of space is needed to move the door so from the side opening can, that the side opening is fully released, thereby charging the furnace with heat-treated Good.

Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Tür an einem verfahrbaren Gerüst angeordnet. Das Gerüst kann bevorzugt auf einem Schienensystem verfahrbar sein. Hierzu kann das Gerüst beispielsweise an einem auf Schienen verfahrbaren Wagen angeordnet sein. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein erstes Schienensystem vorgesehen, entlang dessen der Wagen entlang einer ersten, quer zur seitlichen Öffnung (und damit auch quer zum Ofen) verlaufenden, geraden Strecke verfahrbar ist. Nach einer Fortbildung dieser Ausführungsform kann auf dem Wagen ferner ein zweites Schienensystem vorgesehen sein, entlang dessen das Gerüst entlang einer zweiten, senkrecht zum Verlauf der ersten Strecke verlaufenden, geraden Strecke verfahrbar ist. Mittels des ersten Schienensystems ist die Tür demnach quer zur seitlichen Öffnung und mittels des zweiten Schienensystems auf die seitliche Öffnung zu und von dieser weg bewegbar. Zum Verschließen der seitlichen Öffnung durch die Tür wird der Wagen dabei zunächst auf dem ersten Schienensystem quer zur seitlichen Öffnnung entlang der ersten Strecke verfahren, bis die Tür (frontal) vor der seitlichen Öffnung positioniert ist. Anschließend wird das Gerüst mittels des zweiten, an dem Wagen angeordneten Schienensystems entlang der zweiten Strecke auf die seitliche Öffnung zu bewegt, bis die Tür die seitliche Öffnung verschließt. Zur Öffnung der seitlichen Öffnung wird dieser Bewegungsablauf der Tür entsprechend umgekehrt ausgeführt.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the door is arranged on a movable framework. The framework may preferably be movable on a rail system. For this purpose, the framework can be arranged, for example, on a carriage which can be moved on rails. According to a preferred embodiment, a first rail system is provided, along which the carriage along a first, transverse to the lateral opening (and thus also transverse to the oven) extending, straight path is movable. According to a further development of this embodiment, a second rail system can further be provided on the carriage, along which the frame can be moved along a second straight line running perpendicular to the course of the first section. By means of the first rail system, the door is accordingly movable transversely to the lateral opening and, by means of the second rail system, towards and away from the lateral opening. To close the side opening through the door, the car is first moved on the first rail system transversely to the side opening along the first distance until the door (frontally) is positioned in front of the lateral opening. Subsequently, the framework is moved by means of the second, arranged on the carriage rail system along the second distance to the side opening until the door closes the side opening. To open the lateral opening of this movement of the door is executed accordingly reversed.

Zur Abdichtung der Tür kann insbesondere feuerfestes Fasermaterial vorgesehen sein. Dieses feuerfeste Fasermaterial kann insbesondere im Kontaktbereich zwischen Tür und seitlicher Begrenzung der seitlichen Öffnung vorgesehen sein. Alternativ oder kumulativ zum feuerfesten Fasermaterial können zur Abdichtung beispielsweise auch feuerfeste Dichtschnüre und/oder ein Labyrinthverschluss vorgesehen sein.To seal the door can be provided in particular refractory fiber material. This refractory fiber material may be provided in particular in the contact area between the door and the lateral boundary of the lateral opening. Alternatively or cumulatively to the refractory fiber material may be provided for sealing, for example, refractory sealing cords and / or a labyrinth closure.

Erfindungsgemäß kann ein Verschlussmechanismus vorgesehen sein, durch den die Tür in der Schließstellung, also in ihrer die seitliche Öffnung verschließenden Stellung, halterbar ist. Nach einer Ausführungsform ist ein Verschlussmechanismus vorgesehen, der erste, an der Tür angeordnete Haltemittel umfasst, die mit zweiten, am Schachtofen angeordneten Haltemitteln zusammenwirken. Die ersten Haltemittel sind bevorzugt umfangsseitig der Tür vorgesehen. Die zweiten Haltemittel sind bevorzugt an dem, die seitliche Öffnung umgebenden Bereich des Ofens, insbesondere im Bereich des die seitliche Öffnung umgebenden Ofenmantels vorgesehen.According to the invention, a closure mechanism can be provided, by means of which the door can be held in the closed position, ie in its position closing the lateral opening. According to one embodiment, a closure mechanism is provided which comprises first holding means arranged on the door, arranged with the second, at the shaft furnace Cooperation means cooperate. The first holding means are preferably provided peripherally of the door. The second holding means are preferably provided on the area surrounding the lateral opening of the oven, in particular in the region of the oven jacket surrounding the lateral opening.

Bevorzugt können bewegliche erste Haltemittel vorgesehen sein, die zum Verschließen der Tür in die zweiten Haltemittel eingreifen können. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind erste Haltemittel in Form schwenkbarer Krallen vorgesehen, durch die die zweiten Haltemittel zumindest abschnittsweise hintergreifbar sind. Zum Verschließen der seitlichen Öffnung durch die Tür werden die ersten Haltemittel dabei geschwenkt, bis sie die zweiten Haltemittel zumindest abschnittsweise hintergreifen und die Tür fest an der seitlichen Öffnung halten, so dass die seitliche Öffnung sicher durch die Tür verschlossen ist. Die zweiten Haltemittel können beispielsweise Abschnitte in Form von Bolzen, Ösen oder Stegen aufweisen, die durch die Krallen hintergreifbar sind. Gemäß einem Erfindungsgedanken sind die durch die Krallen hintergreifbaren Abschnitte der zweiten Haltemittel bewegbar, insbesondere beispielsweise rollbar. So kann das Entstehen von Spannungen oder Momenten beim Hintergreifen dieser Abschnitte durch die Krallen verhindert werden.Preferably, movable first holding means may be provided, which can engage in the second holding means for closing the door. According to a preferred embodiment, first holding means are provided in the form of swiveling claws, by means of which the second holding means can be gripped behind at least in sections. To close the side opening through the door, the first holding means are pivoted until they engage behind the second holding means at least in sections and hold the door firmly on the side opening, so that the lateral opening is securely closed by the door. The second holding means may for example have sections in the form of bolts, lugs or webs, which are engaged behind by the claws. According to an inventive idea, the portions of the second holding means which can be engaged behind by the claws are movable, in particular, for example, rollable. Thus, the emergence of stresses or moments when engaging behind these sections can be prevented by the claws.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die ersten Haltemittel in der Schließstellung der Tür schwerkraftbedingt in die zweiten Haltemittel eingreifen. Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass die Tür auch bei einem Fehler in der Ansteuerung für den Verschlussmechanismus die seitliche Öffnung sicher verschließt. Beispielsweise können hierzu die Krallen in einer vertikalen Ebene schwenkbar sein, wobei die Spitze der Krallen jeweils bevorzugt derart ausgerichtet ist, dass sie bei einer abwärts gerichteten Schwenkbewegung der Krallen nach unten weist. Entsprechend sind die Krallen bei dieser Ausführungsform derart ausgerichtet, dass sie bei einer abwärts gerichteten Schwenkbewegung in die zweiten Haltemittel eingreifen beziehungsweise diese hintergreifen. Hierdurch greifen die Krallen schwerkraftbedingt sicher in die zweiten Haltemittel ein.According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first holding means engage in the closed position of the door due to gravity in the second holding means. This has the particular advantage that the door securely closes the side opening even in the event of a fault in the control for the locking mechanism. For example, for this purpose, the claws can be pivotable in a vertical plane, wherein the tip of the claws is preferably each aligned such that it faces downward in a downward pivotal movement of the claws. Corresponding the claws are aligned in this embodiment so that they engage in a downward pivoting movement in the second holding means or engage behind. As a result, the claws gravitationally engage securely in the second holding means.

Besonders bevorzugt ist die Tür mittels einer Pneumatik in ihrer Schließstellung halterbar. Demnach kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass die ersten Haltemittel mittels einer Pneumatik ansteuerbar sind und so beispielsweise erste Haltemittel in Form schwenkbarer Krallen mittels einer Pneumatik schwenkbar sind. Ein entsprechender pneumatischer Verschlussmechanismus hat sich gegenüber einem elektrischen oder hydraulischen Verschlussmechanismus als wesentlich vorteilhafter herausgestellt.Particularly preferably, the door can be held in its closed position by means of a pneumatic system. Accordingly, it may be provided, for example, that the first holding means are controllable by means of a pneumatic and thus, for example, first holding means in the form of swiveling claws are pivotable by means of a pneumatic. A corresponding pneumatic locking mechanism has proven to be much more advantageous than an electric or hydraulic locking mechanism.

Es kann insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass die ersten Haltemittel, insbesondere in Form schwenkbarer Krallen, durch eine Pneumatik synchron ansteuerbar sind. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Tür sehr gleichmäßig an einer seitlichen Öffnung zu haltern, ohne dass es zum Entstehen von Spannungen oder Momenten kommen könnte, die ein mangelhaftes Verschließen der seitlichen Öffnung oder gar eine Beschädigung der Tür zur Folge haben könnten.It can be provided, in particular, that the first holding means, in particular in the form of swiveling claws, can be controlled synchronously by a pneumatic system. This makes it possible to hold the door very evenly at a lateral opening without the occurrence of tensions or moments that could result in poor closure of the lateral opening or even damage to the door.

Ein wie vorstehend beschriebener, pneumatisch schwenkbare Krallen aufweisender Verschlussmechanismus hat insbesondere den Vorteil einer großen Robustheit bei einer gleichzeitig hervorragenden Verschlusswirkung.A closure mechanism having pneumatically pivotable claws as described above has the particular advantage of great robustness with a simultaneously outstanding closure effect.

Nach einer Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Tür bewegbar an einem verfahrbaren Gerüst angeordnet ist. Die Tür ist demnach nicht starr, sondern flexibel an dem Gerüst angeordnet. Beispielsweise kann die Tür über elastische und/oder bewegbare Haltemittel an dem Gerüst angeordnet sein, beispielsweise Haltemittel in Form von Federn oder Gummielementen. Eine solch bewegbare beziehungsweise flexible Anordnung der Tür an dem verfahrbaren Gerüst hat den Vorteil, dass das Gerüst bei einem Verschließen der seitlichen Öffnung durch die Tür mittels des Verschlussmechanismus nicht nachgeführt werden muss, da die bewegliche Anordnung ein gewisses "Spiel" der Tür an dem Gerüst erlaubt.According to one embodiment, it is provided that the door is movably arranged on a movable framework. The door is therefore not rigid, but arranged flexibly on the frame. For example, the door may over elastic and / or movable holding means to be arranged on the frame, for example holding means in the form of springs or rubber elements. Such a movable or flexible arrangement of the door on the movable framework has the advantage that the framework must not be tracked when closing the lateral opening through the door by means of the locking mechanism, since the movable arrangement a certain "game" of the door to the scaffold allowed.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung wenigstens eines Gutes großer Länge an einem wie vorbeschriebenen Schachtofen mit den folgenden, aufeinanderfolgenden Schritten:

  • wenigstens ein Gut großer Länge wird durch die seitliche Öffnung in den Ofenraum eingeführt und dort gehaltert;
  • die seitliche Öffnung wird durch die Tür verschlossen;
  • der Ofenraum wird zur Wärmebehandlung des Gutes mittels der Brenner befeuert;
  • die Tür wird von der seitlichen Öffnung abgenommen;
  • das Gut wird durch die seitliche Öffnung aus dem Ofenraum ausgeführt.
The invention furthermore relates to a method for heat treatment of at least one long-length material on a shaft furnace as described above with the following successive steps:
  • at least one good of great length is introduced through the lateral opening in the furnace chamber and held there;
  • the side opening is closed by the door;
  • the furnace chamber is fired for the heat treatment of the material by means of the burner;
  • the door is removed from the side opening;
  • the material is carried out through the side opening from the oven room.

Weitere Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich aus der vorbeschriebenen Konstruktion und Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Schachtofens.Further features of the method according to the invention will become apparent from the above-described construction and operation of the shaft furnace according to the invention.

Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Schachtofens sollen anhand der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung näher erläutert werden. Dabei zeigt

Figur 1
eine perspektivische, seitliche Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schachtofens mit einer von der seitlichen Öffnung abgenommenen Tür,
Figur 2
eine perspektivische, seitliche Ansicht einer Tür zum Verschließen der seitlichen Öffnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Schachtofens,
Figur 3
eine Seitenansicht einer Tür zum Verschließen der seitlichen Öffnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Schachtofens,
Figuren 4, 5
Details des Verschlussmechanismus der Tür gemäß Figur 3 und
Figur 5
Details des Halterung der Tür gemäß Figur 3 am Gerüst.
Embodiments of the shaft furnace according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following description of the figures. It shows
FIG. 1
a perspective, side view of a shaft furnace according to the invention with a door removed from the side opening,
FIG. 2
a perspective, side view of a door for closing the side opening of a shaft furnace according to the invention,
FIG. 3
a side view of a door for closing the side opening of a shaft furnace according to the invention,
FIGS. 4, 5
Details of the shutter mechanism of the door according to FIG. 3 and
FIG. 5
Details of the holder of the door according to FIG. 3 on the scaffolding.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine erste, die Figur 2 eine zweite und die Figuren 3 bis 6 eine Dritte Ausführungsform, die jedoch in ihren wesentlichen Grundkomponenten übereinstimmen. Entsprechend sind gleiche oder gleichwirkende Komponenten jeweils mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.The FIG. 1 shows a first, the FIG. 2 a second and the FIGS. 3 to 6 a third embodiment, but agree in their essential basic components. Accordingly, the same or equivalent components are each provided with the same reference numerals.

In seiner Gesamtheit ist der Schachtofen in Figur 1 mit dem Bezugszeichen 1 gekennzeichnet. Bei dem Schachtofen 1 handelt es sich um einen Vertikal-Vergüteofen. Der Schachtofen 1 weist im Wesentlichen die Form eines aufrecht stehenden, hohlen Kreiszylinders auf. Die Ofenwandung 3 des Schachtofens 1 weist einen Stahlblechmantel 5 mit einer dem Ofenraum 7 zugewandten, feuerfesten Auskleidung 9 in Form von feuerfestem Fasermaterial auf. Im Querschnitt senkrecht zur Längsachse des Ofenzylinders weisen sowohl der Ofenraum 7 als auch der Außenumfang des Stahlblechmantels 5 jeweils eine im Wesentlichen kreisförmige Querschnittsfläche auf. Der Schachtofen 1 weist eine Höhe von etwa 20 m und einem Durchmesser von etwa 6,5 m auf. Die lichte Höhe des Ofenraumes 7 beträgt etwa 18 m bei einem lichten Innendurchmesser von etwa 4,5 m. Der Ofen 1 ist in acht verschiedenen Höhen, die über die Höhe des Ofens 1 jeweils gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind, jeweils von vier Rekuperatorbrennern 11 , die umfangsseitig des Ofens 1 jeweils gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind, durchsetzt. Der Ofen 1 weist mithin insgesamt zweiunddreißig Rekuperatorbrenner 11 auf.In its entirety, the shaft furnace is in FIG. 1 marked with the reference numeral 1. The shaft furnace 1 is a vertical tempering furnace. The shaft furnace 1 has substantially the shape of an upright, hollow circular cylinder. The furnace wall 3 of the shaft furnace 1 has a steel jacket 5 with a furnace chamber 7 facing, refractory lining 9 in the form of refractory fiber material. In cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the kiln both the furnace chamber 7 and the outer periphery of the steel sheet jacket 5 each have a substantially circular cross-sectional area. The shaft furnace 1 has a height of about 20 m and a diameter of about 6.5 m. The clear height of the furnace chamber 7 is about 18 m with a clear inner diameter of about 4.5 m. The furnace 1 is in eight different heights, which are each arranged uniformly spaced from each other over the height of the furnace 1, each of four Rekuperatorbrennern 11, the circumferentially of the furnace 1 are each arranged uniformly spaced apart, interspersed. The furnace 1 therefore has a total of thirty-two recuperative burners 11.

Die Brenner 11 sind jeweils derart angeordnet, dass sie den Ofenraum 7 tangential zu seiner inneren Fläche befeuern.The burners 11 are each arranged such that they fire the furnace chamber 7 tangentially to its inner surface.

Der Schachtofen 1 ist für Glühtemperaturen bis etwa 1.200° C ausgelegt.The shaft furnace 1 is designed for annealing temperatures up to about 1,200 ° C.

An seiner Oberseite 20 weist der Schachtofen 1 eine Öffnung 13 zur Durchführung eines Gehänges 15 auf. Das mittels eines (nicht dargestellten) Kranes verfahrbare Gehänge 15 dient zur Aufhängung von in dem Schachtofen 1 wärmezubehandelndem Gut, im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 einer Welle 17.On its upper side 20, the shaft furnace 1 has an opening 13 for the passage of a suspension 15. The by means of a crane (not shown) movable hanger 15 is used for suspension of heat in the shaft furnace 1 Good, in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 a wave 17.

Bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Welle 17 an dem Gehänge 15 hängend in den Schachtofen 1 eingeführt. Während der Wärmebehandlung der Welle 17 in dem Schachtofen 1 ist das Gehänge 15 auf eine den Schachtofen 1 umfassende Außenbühne 19 in Form eines Stahlgerüstes auflegbar.At the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the shaft 17 is suspended on the hanger 15 inserted into the shaft furnace 1. During the heat treatment of the shaft 17 in the shaft furnace 1, the hanger 15 can be placed on an outer platform 19 comprising the shaft furnace 1 in the form of a steel framework.

Die Ofenwandung 3 weist eine seitliche Öffnung 21 zum Ofenraum 7 auf.The furnace wall 3 has a lateral opening 21 to the furnace chamber 7.

Die seitliche Öffnung 21 erstreckt sich im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Höhe des Ofens beziehungsweise der Ofenwandung, im Ausführungsbeispiel von einem Bereich an der Ofensohle 23 des Ofens 1 bis durch die Oberseite 20 des Ofens 1 hindurch. Dabei mündet die seitliche Öffnung 21 an ihrem oberen Ende in die oberseitige Öffnung 13 des Schachtofens 1, durch die das Gehänge 1 führbar ist, so dass das Gehänge 15 mittels einer horizontalen Bewegung bis durch die obere Öffnung 13 führbar ist.The lateral opening 21 extends substantially over the entire height of the furnace or the furnace wall, in the embodiment of a region of the furnace sole 23 of the furnace 1 through the top 20 of the furnace 1 through. Here, the lateral opening 21 opens at its upper end in the upper-side opening 13 of the shaft furnace 1, through which the hanger 1 is feasible, so that the hanger 15 by means of a horizontal movement through the upper opening 13 is feasible.

Die seitliche Öffnung 21 hat eine Höhe von etwa 19 m und erstreckt sich damit über etwa 95 % der Höhe des Ofens 1.The lateral opening 21 has a height of about 19 m and thus extends over about 95% of the height of the furnace first

Die Breite, also lichte Öffnungsweite der seitlichen Öffnung 21 beträgt etwa 3,5 m und erstreckt sich demnach über etwa 120° des Außenumfangs des Schachtofens 1. Die linke Begrenzung 25 und die rechte Begrenzung 27 der seitlichen Öffnung 21 erstrecken sich im Wesentlichen vertikal, während sich die untere Begrenzung 29 der seitlichen Öffnung 21 im Wesentlichen horizontal erstreckt. Oberseitig weist die seitliche Öffnung 21 keine Begrenzung auf, sondern mündet hier in die obere Öffnung 13.The width, that is to say the clear opening width of the lateral opening 21, is approximately 3.5 m and accordingly extends over approximately 120 ° of the outer circumference of the shaft furnace 1. The left boundary 25 and the right boundary 27 of the lateral opening 21 extend substantially vertically, while FIG the lower boundary 29 of the lateral opening 21 extends substantially horizontally. On the upper side, the lateral opening 21 has no boundary, but opens here into the upper opening 13.

Die seitliche Öffnung 21 ist durch eine Tür 31 verschließbar. Die Tür 31 ist im Wesentlichen wie ein abnehmbarer Abschnitt der Ofenwandung 3 gestaltet und weist demnach einen Mantel aus Stahlblech 33 auf, der auf seiner - in der Schließstellung - dem Ofenraum 7 zugewandten Seite eine feuerfeste Auskleidung in Form von Fasermaterial aufweist (in Figur 1 nicht dargestellt).The lateral opening 21 can be closed by a door 31. The door 31 is designed substantially like a removable section of the furnace wall 3 and accordingly has a jacket made of sheet steel 33, which on its - in the closed position - the furnace chamber 7 side facing a refractory lining in the form of fiber material has (in FIG. 1 not shown).

Die Brenner 11 sind derart an dem Schachtofen 1 angeordnet, dass keine Brenner 11 an der Tür 31 angeordnet sind. Dies hat den Vorteil einer hohen Robustheit und Bewegbarkeit der Tür 31.The burners 11 are arranged on the shaft furnace 1 in such a way that no burners 11 are arranged on the door 31. This has the advantage of high robustness and movability of the door 31.

Die Tür 31 ist über flexible Haltemittel (siehe Figur 6) an einem Stahlgerüst 35 befestigt, das an einem auf Schienen verfahrbaren Wagen 37 angeordnet ist. Dabei ist der Wagen 37 entlang eines ersten Schienensystems 39 entlang einer ersten, quer zur seitlichen Öffnung 21 verlaufenden Strecke verfahrbar, dargestellt in Figur 1 durch den Doppelpfeil R1. Ferner ist auf dem Wagen 37 ein zweites Schienensystem 41 angeordnet, auf dem das Gerüst 35 entlang einer zweiten, senkrecht zum Verlauf der ersten Strecke beziehungsweise senkrecht zum Verlauf des ersten Schienensystems 39 verlaufenden, zweiten Strecke verfahrbar ist, angedeutet in Figur 1 durch den Doppelpfeil R2.The door 31 is over flexible holding means (see FIG. 6 ) attached to a steel frame 35, which is arranged on a rail movable carriage 37 is. In this case, the carriage 37 is movable along a first rail system 39 along a first path extending transversely to the lateral opening 21, shown in FIG FIG. 1 by the double arrow R1. Further, on the carriage 37, a second rail system 41 is arranged, on which the framework 35 along a second, perpendicular to the course of the first route or perpendicular to the course of the first rail system 39 extending second route is movable, indicated in FIG FIG. 1 through the double arrow R2.

In Figur 1 ist die Tür 31 in einer von der seitlichen Öffnung 21 abgenommenen Stellung dargestellt. Dabei ist die Tür 31 entlang der ersten Strecke R1 quer von der seitlichen Öffnung 21 wegbewegt, so dass die seitliche Öffnung 21 vollständig freigegeben ist. Hierdurch kann der Schachtofen 1 sehr gut mit wärmezubehandelndem Gut be- und entladen werden.In FIG. 1 the door 31 is shown in a detached position from the side opening 21. In this case, the door 31 is moved transversely away from the lateral opening 21 along the first distance R1, so that the lateral opening 21 is completely released. As a result, the shaft furnace 1 can be loaded and unloaded very well with heat-treated good.

Zum Verschließen der seitlichen Öffnung 21 durch die Tür 31 wird der Wagen 37 zunächst entlang der ersten Strecke R1 in eine Position bewegt, in der die Tür 31 frontal vor der seitlichen Öffnung 21 positioniert ist. Anschließend wird die Tür 31 über das zweite Schienensystem 41 entlang der zweiten Strecke R2 auf die seitliche Öffnung 21 zu bewegt, bis sie gegen die, die seitliche Öffnung 21 umgebenden Begrenzungen 25, 27, 29 der seitlichen Öffnung 21 zu liegen kommt und die seitliche Öffnung 21 verschließt.For closing the side opening 21 through the door 31, the carriage 37 is first moved along the first distance R1 to a position in which the door 31 is positioned frontally in front of the side opening 21. Subsequently, the door 31 is moved toward the lateral opening 21 via the second rail system 41 along the second distance R2 until it comes to lie against the side walls 21 surrounding the lateral opening 21, 25, 27, 29, and the lateral opening 21 closes.

Um die Tür 31 in ihrer die seitliche Öffnung 21 verschließenden Stellung fest an der seitlichen Öffnung 21 zu haltern, ist ein Verschlussmechanismus vorgesehen. Dieser Verschlussmechanismus umfasst in Figur 2 zum einen jeweils fünf, auf beiden Seiten der Tür 31 angeordnete Krallen 43, die in einer vertikalen Ebene schwenkbar sind (in der Ausführungsform nach Figur 2 jeweils vier und in der Ausführungsform nach Figur 3 jeweils sechs auf beiden Seiten der Tür 31 angeordnete Krallen).In order to firmly support the door 31 in its position closing the side opening 21 at the side opening 21, a shutter mechanism is provided. This locking mechanism includes in FIG. 2 on the one hand five, arranged on both sides of the door 31 claws 43, the in a vertical plane are pivotally (in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 each four and in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 each six arranged on both sides of the door 31 claws).

Gut sind die Krallen 43 insbesondere in Figur 2 erkennbar. Jede Kralle 43 weist einen ersten endseitigen Abschnitt 45 auf, an dem sie schwenkbar an einer Befestigungsplatte 47, die die Tür 31 seitlich überragt, angelenkt ist. Der zweite, dem ersten endseitigen Abschnitt 45 gegenüberliegende endseitige Abschnitt 49 jeder Kralle 43 ist hakenartig geformt. Dabei ist der Haken 49 jeder Kralle 43 jeweils derart konfektioniert, dass die Hakenspitze des Hakens 49 bei einer abwärts gerichteten Schwenkbewegung des Hakens 43 nach unten weist.Good are the claws 43 in particular in FIG. 2 recognizable. Each claw 43 has a first end-side portion 45, on which it is pivotally connected to a mounting plate 47, which projects beyond the door 31 laterally articulated. The second, the first end-side section 45 opposite end portion 49 of each claw 43 is shaped like a hook. In this case, the hook 49 of each claw 43 is in each case made up in such a way that the hook tip of the hook 49 points downward during a downward pivoting movement of the hook 43.

Der Verschlussmechanismus umfasst zweite Haltemittel 51 (siehe Figuren 3 bis 5), die umfangsseitig der seitlichen Öffnung 21 am Ofen 1 angeordnet sind. In der Darstellung nach Figur 3 sind der besseren Übersichtlichkeit halber ofenseitig nur die daran angeordneten Haltemittel 51 ohne die weiteren Komponenten des Ofens 21 dargestellt.The locking mechanism comprises second retaining means 51 (see FIGS. 3 to 5 ), which are arranged circumferentially of the lateral opening 21 on the furnace 1. In the illustration after FIG. 3 For the sake of clarity, only the retaining means 51 arranged thereon are shown on the furnace side without the other components of the furnace 21.

Jedes zweite Haltemittel 51 umfasst jeweils einen horizontal ausgerichteten Metallbolzen 52, der zwischen zwei Metallplatten 53, 55 gehaltert ist, die umfangsseitig der seitlichen Öffnung 21 am Mantel 33 des Ofens 1 befestigt sind und von diesem nach außen abstehen.Each second holding means 51 each comprise a horizontally oriented metal pin 52 which is supported between two metal plates 53, 55 which are circumferentially attached to the lateral opening 21 on the jacket 33 of the furnace 1 and projecting outwardly therefrom.

Die zweiten Haltemittel 51 sind derart angeordnet, dass - wenn die Tür 31 gegen die seitliche Öffnung 21 anliegt - jede Kralle 43 gegenüber jeweils einem zweiten Haltemittel 51 angeordnet ist. Die Bolzen 52 der zweiten Haltemittel 51 sind dabei derart ausgerichtet, dass die Krallen 43 bei einer abwärts gerichteten Schwenkbewegung mit ihrem Haken 49 jeweils den Metallbolzen 52 der zweiten Haltemittel 51 hintergreifen. Die Haken 49 der Krallen 43 und die Metallbolzen 52 der Haltemittel 51 sind dabei derart zueinander angeordnet, dass die Haken 49 bei der abwärts gerichteten Schwenkbewegung der Krallen 43 gegen die Metallbolzen 52 zu liegen kommen. Hierdurch ist die Tür 31 in der Schließstellung sicher an der seitlichen Öffnung 21 halterbar.The second holding means 51 are arranged such that - when the door 31 abuts against the lateral opening 21 - each claw 43 is arranged opposite to a respective second holding means 51. The bolts 52 of the second holding means 51 are aligned such that the claws 43 at a downwardly directed pivoting movement with its hook 49 each engage behind the metal pin 52 of the second holding means 51. The hooks 49 of the claws 43 and the metal pins 52 of the holding means 51 are arranged in such a way to each other that the hooks 49 come to lie in the downward pivotal movement of the claws 43 against the metal pin 52. As a result, the door 31 is securely held in the closed position at the lateral opening 21.

In den Figuren 4 und 5 ist der vorbezeichnete Verschlussmechanismus in einer vergrößerten Darstellung illustriert, wobei Figur 4 den Verschlussmechanismus in einer seitlichen Darstellung und Figur 5 den Verschlussmechanismus in einer Darstellung von oben zeigt. Bei einer Schwenkbewegung der Kralle 43 nach unten kommt der Haken 49 der Kralle 43 mit seiner Innenseite 57 gegen den Metallbolzen 52 zu liegen.In the FIGS. 4 and 5 the aforementioned shutter mechanism is illustrated in an enlarged view, wherein FIG. 4 the shutter mechanism in a side view and FIG. 5 shows the locking mechanism in a representation from above. Upon a pivotal movement of the claw 43 down the hook 49 of the claw 43 comes to lie with its inner side 57 against the metal pin 52.

Zur Schwenkung der Krallen 43 sind diese durch eine Pneumatik synchron ansteuerbar.To pivot the claws 43, these are controlled synchronously by a pneumatic.

Ein besonderer Vorteil des vorbeschriebenen Verschlussmechanismus liegt insbesondere auch darin, dass dieser auch bei einem Ausfall der Pneumatik zur Ansteuerung der Krallen 43 eine sichere Halterung der Tür 31 an der seitlichen Öffnung 21 sicherstellt. Denn schwerkraftbedingt hintergreifen die Krallen 43 mit ihren Haken 49 auch bei einem Ausfall der Pneumatik sicher die Metallbolzen 52 der zweiten Haltemittel 51.A particular advantage of the above-described closure mechanism lies in particular in the fact that this ensures a secure support of the door 31 at the lateral opening 21 even in the event of failure of the pneumatics for controlling the claws 43. Because of gravity, the claws 43 with their hooks 49 reliably reach behind the metal bolts 52 of the second holding means 51 even in the event of a failure of the pneumatic system.

Figur 6 zeigt in einer vergrößerten Darstellung die Halterung der seitlichen Öffnung 21 an dem Gerüst 35 gemäß Detail F in Figur 3. Diese Halterung 59 umfasst einen Gewindebolzen 61, der am Mantel 33 der Tür 31 befestigt ist und horizontal von diesem absteht. Der Gewindebolzen 61 ist durch die Öffnung 63 einer an dem Gerüst 35 angeordneten Metallplatte 65 geführt. Beidseitig der Metallplatte 65 ist je eine Spannfeder 67, 69 um den Gewindebolzen 61 herum angeordnet. Die Federn 67, 69 sind unter Vorspannung jeweils zwischen der Metallplatte 65 und je einer auf den Gewindebolzen 61 aufgeschobenen Lochscheibe 71, 73 verspannt. Die Lochscheiben 71, 73 sind über auf den Gewindebolzen 61 aufgeschraubte Schraubenmuttern 75, 77 gegen die Federn 67, 69 geführt. Entsprechend ist die Tür 31 über dieser Halterung 59 unter Vorspannung flexibel am Gerüst 35 angeordnet. Diese flexible Anordnung der Tür 31 am Wagen 35 verleiht der Tür 31 ein gewisses "Spiel", auch wenn der Wagen 35 sich nicht bewegt. Sobald die Tür 31 daher beim Verschließen und Lösen des Verschlussmechanismus daher eine leichte Bewegung ausführt, verleiht die Halterung 59 der Tür 31 eine ausreichende Bewegungsfreiheit, diese leichte Bewegung ausführen zu können, ohne dass der Wagen 37 auf den Schienen 39, 41 bewegt werden müsste. Dies erlaubt es, dass die Tür 31 besonders einfach in eine solche Position vor die seitliche Öffnung 21 bewegt werden kann, in der sie anschließend über den Verschlussmechanismus sicher in die Schließstellung gebracht werden kann. FIG. 6 shows in an enlarged view the holder of the lateral opening 21 on the frame 35 according to detail F in FIG. 3 , This holder 59 comprises a threaded bolt 61 which is fixed to the jacket 33 of the door 31 and projects horizontally from this. The threaded bolt 61 is through the Opening 63 of a arranged on the frame 35 metal plate 65 out. On both sides of the metal plate 65 is each a tension spring 67, 69 disposed around the threaded bolt 61 around. The springs 67, 69 are prestressed respectively between the metal plate 65 and one each pushed onto the threaded bolt 61 perforated disc 71, 73 braced. The perforated discs 71, 73 are guided over the threaded bolt 61 screwed nuts 75, 77 against the springs 67, 69. Accordingly, the door 31 is arranged on this support 59 under bias flexible to the frame 35. This flexible arrangement of the door 31 on the carriage 35 gives the door 31 a certain "play", even if the carriage 35 does not move. Therefore, as soon as the door 31 therefore makes a slight movement when closing and releasing the shutter mechanism, the bracket 59 gives the door 31 sufficient freedom of movement to be able to carry out this slight movement without the carriage 37 having to be moved on the rails 39, 41. This allows the door 31 to be moved particularly easily into such a position in front of the lateral opening 21 in which it can then be securely brought into the closed position via the locking mechanism.

Claims (8)

Schachtofen (1) zur Wärmebehandlung von Gütern (17) großer Länge mit folgenden Merkmalen: 1.1 einer Ofenwandung (3); 1.2 die Ofenwandung (3) umschließt einen Ofenraum (7), 1.3 Brennern (11) zur Befeuerung des Ofenraums (7); 1.4 die Ofenwandung (3) weist eine seitliche Öffnung (21) zum Ofenraum (7) auf, 1.5 durch die seitliche Öffnung (21) ist der Ofen (1) mit Gütern (17) großer Länge chargierbar; 1.6 die seitliche Öffnung (21) ist durch eine Tür (31) verschließbar. Shaft furnace (1) for the heat treatment of goods (17) of great length, having the following characteristics: 1.1 a furnace wall (3); 1.2 the furnace wall (3) encloses a furnace space (7), 1.3 burners (11) for firing the furnace chamber (7); 1.4 the furnace wall (3) has a lateral opening (21) to the furnace chamber (7), 1.5 through the side opening (21) of the furnace (1) with goods (17) of great length is chargeable; 1.6 the lateral opening (21) can be closed by a door (31). Schachtofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem sich die seitliche Öffnung (21) von der Ofensohle (23) bis zur Oberseite des Ofens (1) erstreckt.A shaft furnace according to claim 1, wherein the lateral opening (21) extends from the furnace sole (23) to the top of the furnace (1). Schachtofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Breite der seitlichen Öffnung (21) 25 bis 50 % des Umfangs des Ofens (1) beträgt.Shaft furnace according to claim 1, wherein the width of the lateral opening (21) is 25 to 50% of the circumference of the furnace (1). Schachtofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Tür (31) an einem verfahrbaren Gerüst (35) angeordnet ist.Shaft furnace according to claim 1, wherein the door (31) is arranged on a movable framework (35). Schachtofen nach Anspruch 1 mit feuerfestem Fasermaterial zur Abdichtung der Tür (31).Shaft furnace according to claim 1 with refractory fiber material for sealing the door (31). Schachtofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Tür (21) mittels einer Pneumatik in ihrer Schließstellung halterbar ist.Shaft furnace according to claim 1, in which the door (21) can be held in its closed position by means of a pneumatic system. Schachtofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Tür (21) flexibel an dem verfahrbaren Gerüst (35) angeordnet ist.Shaft furnace according to claim 1, wherein the door (21) is arranged flexibly on the movable framework (35). Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung wenigstens eines Gutes (17) großer Länge in einem Schachtofen (1) nach Anspruch 1 mit den folgenden aufeinanderfolgenden Schritten: 8.1 wenigstens ein Gut (17) großer Länge wird durch die seitliche Öffnung (21) in den Ofenraum (7) eingeführt und dort gehaltert; 8.2 die seitliche Öffnung (21) wird durch die Tür (31) verschlossen, 8.3 der Ofenraum (7) wird zur Wärmebehandlung des Gutes (17) mittels der Brenner (11) befeuert; 8.4 die Tür (31) wird von der seitlichen Öffnung (21) abgenommen; 8.5 das Gut (17) wird durch die seitliche Öffnung (21) aus dem Ofenraum (7) ausgeführt. A method of heat-treating at least one long-length product (17) in a shaft furnace (1) according to claim 1 with the following successive steps: 8.1 at least one good (17) of great length is introduced through the lateral opening (21) in the furnace chamber (7) and held there; 8.2 the lateral opening (21) is closed by the door (31), 8.3 the furnace chamber (7) is fired for the heat treatment of the material (17) by means of the burner (11); 8.4 the door (31) is removed from the lateral opening (21); 8.5 the material (17) is carried out through the lateral opening (21) from the furnace chamber (7).
EP10005714A 2010-06-02 2010-06-02 Shaft furnace Not-in-force EP2392880B1 (en)

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US20070007272A1 (en) * 2005-07-06 2007-01-11 Napoli Massaco S Elevated vertical oven

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