EP2387622A1 - Quenching device and quenching method - Google Patents

Quenching device and quenching method

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Publication number
EP2387622A1
EP2387622A1 EP09765082A EP09765082A EP2387622A1 EP 2387622 A1 EP2387622 A1 EP 2387622A1 EP 09765082 A EP09765082 A EP 09765082A EP 09765082 A EP09765082 A EP 09765082A EP 2387622 A1 EP2387622 A1 EP 2387622A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
quenching
drive motor
space
rotor
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09765082A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2387622B1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Mueller
Michael Loercher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2387622A1 publication Critical patent/EP2387622A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2387622B1 publication Critical patent/EP2387622B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a quenching device for quenching Abschreckgut, in particular of metallic workpieces, with quenching gas according to the preamble of claim 1 and a quenching method for quenching Abschreckgut, especially of metallic workpieces, with quenching gas according to the preamble of claim.
  • the most metallic workpieces are subjected to a heat treatment.
  • the speed with which the workpieces are cooled after being previously heated is the speed with which the workpieces are cooled after being previously heated.
  • quenching gases instead of quenching liquids is that the quenched material does not need to be cleaned after quenching, and that a higher quench homogeneity in the batch can be achieved.
  • a quenching device used for a quenching process described above is described, for example, in EP 1 154 024 B1.
  • the known device comprises a space which can be flooded with quenching gas and which is formed by a quenching chamber for receiving the quenching material and by a flow channel for forming a quenching gas flow circuit.
  • the quenching chamber is not loaded and unloaded in the quenching gas flooded state, but usually under vacuum.
  • the known quenching device is to form a Abschreckgasströmung within the flow channel an impeller, which by means of a is driven outside of the floodable with quenching gas space arranged electric motor. Since a motor shaft of the drive motor passes through an outer wall of the flow channel, a great deal of design effort is needed to achieve a hermetic tightness of the quenchable with flooding gas space.
  • the drive motor In alternative, known quenching devices, the drive motor, together with the impeller, is disposed within the quenchable gas flooding chamber to prevent leaks.
  • the drive motor can not be started in a vacuum, since otherwise electrical arcing (arcs) could occur in the winding of the drive motor, which could destroy the drive motor.
  • This is problematic in that the high-performance blowers necessary to increase the quench rate require long start-up times compared with the actual quench time to reach the rated speed. Since the starting of the drive motor can not already be started during the loading of the quenching chamber under a vacuum atmosphere, but only after it has been flooded with quenching gas, the total starting time is added to the actual quenching time, which has a negative effect on the number of cycles to be achieved.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a quenching, are avoided on the one hand tightness problems and on the other a starting of the powerful drive motor for the fan even before the flooding of the room with quenching gas, especially in vacuum acted upon space is possible. Furthermore, the object is to provide a method which allows operation of the fan drive motor regardless of the atmosphere in the space having the impeller. This object is achieved with regard to the quenching device having the features of claim 1 and with regard to the method having the features of claim 9.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. All combinations of at least two features disclosed in the description, the claims and / or the figures fall within the scope of the invention.
  • the invention has recognized that an operation of, preferably designed as a standard electric motor, drive motor for the at least one impeller regardless of the atmosphere and the pressure conditions in the impeller receiving space is given only when the drive motor is outside of this space. Since in the prior art, the motor shaft of the drive motor passes through the room wall, tightness problems inevitably exist in the prior art. To work around this problem, the
  • Quenching gas can be approached, preferably so early that the drive motor has already reached its rated speed at the beginning of the actual quenching process, ie usually at completely flooded with quenching gas space.
  • a further advantage of a deterrent device designed according to the concept is that it does not have to use specially sealed motors, but rather to be able to use comparatively inexpensive standard electric motors.
  • the coupling, with which a drive torque can be transmitted from the drive motor to the impeller is designed as a magnetic coupling with which a torque transmission through the wall of the space is possible.
  • the magnetic coupling has a first runner mechanically connected to the drive motor, preferably to a motor shaft of the drive motor, and a second runner mechanically driven by the first runner and mechanically connected to the blower wheel, the second runner together is arranged with the impeller in the space floatable with quenching gas.
  • the rotor which is mechanically coupled to the drive motor, is an internal rotor, which is enclosed radially on the outside by the second contactlessly driven rotor and is set into rotary motion by the rotationally moved magnetic field.
  • the second rotor ie the contactlessly driven rotor
  • the first rotor exitally rotor
  • the second rotor is an internal rotor, which is enclosed radially on the outside by the first rotor (external rotor).
  • the latter embodiment is the preferred variant.
  • the fan wheel is located directly in the quenching chamber, that is to say in the space which can be directly charged with quenching material.
  • the fan is arranged in a flow channel which is fluidically connected to the quenching chamber.
  • the provision of a flow channel is optional, i.
  • An embodiment of the quenching device can also be implemented as a quenching cell without a flow channel, ie an embodiment in which the quenching gas is circulated exclusively in the quenching cell by means of the fan.
  • the quenching device wherein said means for flooding the impeller having space with quenching gas.
  • the means in this case comprise a gas feed line, which opens into the room, wherein the feed line is fed by a quench gas filled with pressure tank.
  • means for evacuating the quenching device are provided.
  • these are designed such that the quenching space, compared with the environment, can be assigned negative pressure, so that a vacuum can be generated in the room.
  • a heat exchanger is arranged in the space containing the impeller, which is acted upon by the quenching gas circulated by means of the impeller and specifically removes heat therefrom.
  • the invention also provides a method of quenching quench material, particularly metallic workpieces, with quench gas using a quenching device, preferably a quenching device as described above.
  • the quenching gas is accelerated by means of the impeller to realize a good heat transfer between the quench and the quenching gas.
  • the core of the method according to the invention is that the impeller is driven by the drive motor without contact, in particular using a magnetic coupling. This embodiment makes it possible to transmit the torque through a wall and thus to arrange the drive motor outside of the space having the impeller.
  • the drive motor is already started and / or operated while the space is not (yet) flooded with quenching gas. This is possible with a non-sealed standard propulsion engine only when the propulsion engine is not in the flooded space.
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a possible construction of a quenching device.
  • a possible embodiment of a quenching device 1 is shown.
  • the quenching device 1 comprises in the embodiment shown a single space 2, which can be flooded with quenching gas.
  • a floodable Space in the form of a flow channel, as shown in EP 1 154 024 B1, does not exist, but can be provided if required.
  • the space 2 has a pressure-tight closable feed door 3, through which the space 2 (here quenching space) can be charged with quenched material 4.
  • the quenched material 4 consisting of steel workpieces in the exemplary embodiment shown is arranged on a charging frame 5, which can be transported into the space 2 by means of suitable transport devices under a vacuum atmosphere and then out of the same after the quenching process.
  • Compressed gas tank 7 quenching gas can be passed into the room 2.
  • a valve 8 preferably automatically, must be opened.
  • the pressure in the space 2 after flooding with quenching gas is about 20bar.
  • an impeller 9 (fan wheel) is rotatably mounted, wherein the impeller 9 is disposed on the end side of a shaft 10, at the opposite end a second rotor 1 1 (here internal rotor) a
  • Magnetic coupling 12 carries.
  • the shaft 10 protrudes with the second rotor 1 1 in a protuberance 13 of the space 2, which is radially outwardly by a first rotor 14 (here external rotor) of the magnetic coupling 12 is enclosed radially on the outside.
  • the first rotor 14 is arranged with (radial) distance to the second rotor 1 1 and transmits a torque without contact through the wall 16 of the room 2, more precisely through the wall 16 of the protuberance 13 of the space 2, while the drive motor 15, on the second Rotor 1 1, which rotates in the sequence, whereby the impeller 9 is set in a rotary motion.
  • the drive motor 15 is arranged outside the wall 16 of the space 2, that is to say, the drive motor 15 is arranged on the outside of the wall 16 of the space 2 in a rotationally fixed manner on a motor shaft 17 of the drive motor 15 designed as a standard electric motor preferably in a normal air atmosphere, so that the drive motor 15 can be operated independently of the room atmosphere and the internal chamber pressure.
  • Quenched material 4 is introduced into the, preferably under vacuum, space 2.
  • the drive motor 15 is already started during the charging. After closing the loading door 3, the space 2 is flooded with quenching gas via the Abschreckgaszutechnisch 6 to quenching pressure.
  • the drive motor 15 and, consequently, the fan wheel 9 have already run up to rated speed at the end of the flooding process, so that the full quenching intensity is available immediately after completion of the flooding process.
  • a predetermined quenching time either the quenching gas is released into the environment or conveyed back into the pressurized gas container 7 via a compressor, not shown, and the loading door 3 is removed for removal of the charging frame 5 with quenched material 4 quenched. Thereafter, the admission of the space 2 preferably takes place with vacuum.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a quenching device (1) which comprises at least one chamber (2), especially a quenching chamber and/or a flow channel. Said chamber can be filled with a quenching gas and has at least one blower wheel (9) for circulating the quenching gas. The blower wheel (9) is associated with a drive motor (15) for driving the blower, said motor being mounted outside the chamber (2). The invention is characterized in that the drive motor (15) is coupled to the blower wheel (9) via a contactless coupling so as to transmit torque. The invention further relates to a quenching method.

Description

Beschreibung description
Abschreckvorrichtunq sowie AbschreckverfahrenQuenching device and quenching method
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abschreckvorrichtung zum Abschrecken von Abschreckgut, insbesondere von metallischen Werkstücken, mit Abschreckgas gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Abschreckverfahren zum Abschrecken von Abschreckgut, insbesondere von metallischen Werkstücken, mit Abschreckgas gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 9.The invention relates to a quenching device for quenching Abschreckgut, in particular of metallic workpieces, with quenching gas according to the preamble of claim 1 and a quenching method for quenching Abschreckgut, especially of metallic workpieces, with quenching gas according to the preamble of claim. 9
Zum Erzeugen von definierten Werkstoffeigenschaften, wie beispielsweise einer hohen Härte oder einer ausreichenden Verschleißfestigkeit, werden die meist metallischen Werkstücke einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen. Wichtig für das Behandlungsergebnis ist vor allem die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Werkstücke nach vorausgehender Erhitzung abgekühlt werden. Für den hierfür notwendigen Abschreckprozess ist es bekannt, Wasser, Öl oder Abschreckgas einzusetzen. Der Hauptvorteil des Einsetzens von Abschreckgasen anstelle von Abschreckflüssigkeiten besteht darin, dass das Abschreckgut nach dem Abschrecken nicht gereinigt werden muss und, darin, dass eine höhere Abschreckhomogenität in der Charge erreicht werden kann.To produce defined material properties, such as a high hardness or a sufficient wear resistance, the most metallic workpieces are subjected to a heat treatment. Of particular importance for the treatment result is the speed with which the workpieces are cooled after being previously heated. For the necessary quenching process, it is known to use water, oil or quenching gas. The main advantage of using quenching gases instead of quenching liquids is that the quenched material does not need to be cleaned after quenching, and that a higher quench homogeneity in the batch can be achieved.
Eine für einen zuvor beschriebenen Abschreckprozess zum Einsatz kommende Abschreckvorrichtung ist beispielsweise in der EP 1 154 024 B1 beschrieben. Die bekannte Vorrichtung umfasst einen mit Abschreckgas flutbaren Raum, der gebildet ist von einer Abschreckkammer zur Aufnahme des Abschreckgutes und von einem Strömungskanal zur Ausbildung eines Abschreckgas- Strömungskreislaufs. Die Abschreckkammer wird nicht im mit Abschreckgas gefluteten Zustand be- und entladen, sondern in der Regel unter Vakuum. Bei der bekannten Abschreckvorrichtung befindet sich zur Ausbildung einer Abschreckgasströmung innerhalb des Strömungskanals ein Gebläserad, das mittels eines außerhalb des mit Abschreckgas flutbaren Raums angeordneten Elektromotors angetrieben ist. Da eine Motorwelle des Antriebsmotors eine Außenwand des Strömungskanals durchsetzt, ist ein großer konstruktiver Aufwand vonnöten, um eine hermetische Dichtheit des mit Abschreckgas flutbaren Raums zu erzielen.A quenching device used for a quenching process described above is described, for example, in EP 1 154 024 B1. The known device comprises a space which can be flooded with quenching gas and which is formed by a quenching chamber for receiving the quenching material and by a flow channel for forming a quenching gas flow circuit. The quenching chamber is not loaded and unloaded in the quenching gas flooded state, but usually under vacuum. In the known quenching device is to form a Abschreckgasströmung within the flow channel an impeller, which by means of a is driven outside of the floodable with quenching gas space arranged electric motor. Since a motor shaft of the drive motor passes through an outer wall of the flow channel, a great deal of design effort is needed to achieve a hermetic tightness of the quenchable with flooding gas space.
Bei alternativen, bekannten Abschreckvorrichtungen ist der Antriebsmotor zusammen mit dem Gebläserad zur Vermeidung von Undichtigkeiten innerhalb des mit Abschreckgas flutbaren Raums angeordnet. Hier besteht das Problem, dass der Antriebsmotor nicht im Vakuum gestartet werden kann, da sonst in der Wick- lung des Antriebsmotors elektrische Überschläge (Lichtbögen) entstehen können, die den Antriebsmotor zerstören könnten. Dies ist insofern problematisch, als dass die zum Erhöhen der Abschreckrate notwendigen, leistungsstarken Gebläse im Vergleich zur eigentlichen Abschreckdauer lange Anlaufzeiten benötigen, um die Nenndrehzahl zu erreichen. Da mit dem Starten des Antriebsmotors nicht bereits während der Beladung der Abschreckkammer unter Vakuumatmosphäre begonnen werden kann, sondern erst nachdem diese mit Abschreckgas geflutet wurde, addiert sich die gesamte Anlaufzeit zur eigentlichen Abschreckdauer hinzu, was sich negativ auf die zu erreichende Taktzahl auswirkt. Insgesamt resultiert der beschriebene Nachteil in einer langsameren Abschreckung des Abschreckgutes verglichen mit der Abschreckung von Flüssigkeiten, da dort die maximale Abschreckintensität unmittelbar nach dem Eintauchen einer abzuschreckenden Charge in das Flüssigkeitsbad zur Verfügung steht. Die reduzierte Abschreckgeschwindigkeit bei bekannten Abschreckvorrichtungen mit innerhalb des zu flutenden Raums angeordneten Antriebsmotoren wirkt sich nicht nur auf die Taktzeit, sondern aufgrund der verlängerten Abschreckdauer auch auf dieIn alternative, known quenching devices, the drive motor, together with the impeller, is disposed within the quenchable gas flooding chamber to prevent leaks. Here there is the problem that the drive motor can not be started in a vacuum, since otherwise electrical arcing (arcs) could occur in the winding of the drive motor, which could destroy the drive motor. This is problematic in that the high-performance blowers necessary to increase the quench rate require long start-up times compared with the actual quench time to reach the rated speed. Since the starting of the drive motor can not already be started during the loading of the quenching chamber under a vacuum atmosphere, but only after it has been flooded with quenching gas, the total starting time is added to the actual quenching time, which has a negative effect on the number of cycles to be achieved. Overall, the described disadvantage results in a slower quenching of the quenched material compared to the quenching of liquids, since there the maximum quenching intensity is available immediately after immersing a quenchable batch in the liquid bath. The reduced quenching speed in known quenching devices with drive motors arranged within the space to be flooded affects not only the cycle time, but also due to the extended quenching time on the
Qualität des Werkstückgefüges und damit auf die Bauteileigenschaften aus.Quality of the workpiece structure and thus on the component properties.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abschreckvorrichtung vorzuschlagen, bei der zum einen Dichtigkeitsprobleme vermieden werden und zum anderen ein Starten des leistungsstarken Antriebsmotors für das Gebläse auch vor dem Fluten des Raums mit Abschreckgas, insbesondere bei mit Vakuum beaufschlagtem Raum möglich ist. Ferner besteht die Aufgabe darin, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches einen Betrieb des Gebläseantriebsmotors unabhängig von der Atmosphäre in dem das Gebläserad aufweisenden Raum ermöglicht. Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich der Abschreckvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und hinsichtlich des Verfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unter- ansprüchen angegeben. In den Rahmen der Erfindung fallen sämtliche Kombinationen aus zumindest zwei von in der Beschreibung, den Ansprüchen und/oder den Figuren offenbarten Merkmalen.The invention has for its object to propose a quenching, are avoided on the one hand tightness problems and on the other a starting of the powerful drive motor for the fan even before the flooding of the room with quenching gas, especially in vacuum acted upon space is possible. Furthermore, the object is to provide a method which allows operation of the fan drive motor regardless of the atmosphere in the space having the impeller. This object is achieved with regard to the quenching device having the features of claim 1 and with regard to the method having the features of claim 9. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. All combinations of at least two features disclosed in the description, the claims and / or the figures fall within the scope of the invention.
Die Erfindung hat erkannt, dass ein Betrieb des, vorzugsweise als Standard- Elektromotor ausgebildeten, Antriebsmotors für das mindestens eine Gebläserad unabhängig von der Atmosphäre und den Druckverhältnissen in dem das Gebläserad aufnehmenden Raum nur dann gegeben ist, wenn sich der Antriebsmotor außerhalb dieses Raums befindet. Da im Stand der Technik die Motorwelle des Antriebsmotors die Raumwand durchsetzt, sind im Stand der Technik zwangsläu- fig Dichtigkeitsprobleme gegeben. Zur Umgehung dieses Problems schlägt dieThe invention has recognized that an operation of, preferably designed as a standard electric motor, drive motor for the at least one impeller regardless of the atmosphere and the pressure conditions in the impeller receiving space is given only when the drive motor is outside of this space. Since in the prior art, the motor shaft of the drive motor passes through the room wall, tightness problems inevitably exist in the prior art. To work around this problem, the
Erfindung vor, den Antriebsmotor nicht wie im Stand der Technik mechanisch mit dem Gebläserad zu koppeln, sondern berührungslos. Anders ausgedrückt ist dem Antriebsmotor und dem Gebläserad eine Kupplung zugeordnet, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass mit dieser berührungslos ein Drehmoment von dem An- triebsmotor auf das Gebläserad übertragbar ist. Hierdurch ist es nicht notwendig, dass mechanische Komponenten des Antriebsstrangs die Raumwand durchsetzen, wodurch wiederum Dichtigkeitsprobleme vermieden werden. Aufgrund der Anordnung des Antriebsmotors außerhalb des mit Abschreckgas flutbaren, vorzugsweise mit Vakuum beaufschlagbaren Raums wird es zudem ermöglicht, dass der leistungsstarke Antriebsmotor bereits vor dem Fluten des Raums mitInvention, not to mechanically couple the drive motor as in the prior art with the impeller, but contactless. In other words, a coupling is associated with the drive motor and the impeller, which is designed such that with this contactless torque from the drive motor to the impeller is transferable. As a result, it is not necessary for mechanical components of the drive train to penetrate the room wall, which in turn prevents leakage problems. Due to the arrangement of the drive motor outside the floodable with quenching, preferably acted upon by vacuum space, it is also possible that the powerful drive motor already before flooding the room with
Abschreckgas angefahren werden kann, bevorzugt so früh, dass der Antriebsmotor bereits zu Beginn des eigentlichen Abschreckprozesses, also in der Regel bei vollständig mit Abschreckgas geflutetem Raum bereits seine Nenndrehzahl erreicht hat. Ein weiterer Vorteil einer nach dem Konzept ausgebildeten Ab- schreckvorrichtung besteht darin, keine speziell gedichteten Motoren einsetzen zu müssen, sondern vergleichsweise preisgünstige Standardelektromotoren einsetzen zu können. Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform der Abschreckvorrichtung, bei der die Kupplung, mit der ein Antriebsdrehmoment vom Antriebsmotor auf das Gebläserad übertragbar ist, als Magnetkupplung ausgebil- det ist, mit der eine Drehmomentübertragung durch die Wandung des Raums hindurch möglich ist. - A -Quenching gas can be approached, preferably so early that the drive motor has already reached its rated speed at the beginning of the actual quenching process, ie usually at completely flooded with quenching gas space. A further advantage of a deterrent device designed according to the concept is that it does not have to use specially sealed motors, but rather to be able to use comparatively inexpensive standard electric motors. Especially preferred is an embodiment of the quenching device in which the coupling, with which a drive torque can be transmitted from the drive motor to the impeller, is designed as a magnetic coupling with which a torque transmission through the wall of the space is possible. - A -
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Magnetkupplung einen mechanisch mit dem Antriebsmotor, vorzugsweise mit einer Motorwelle des Antriebsmotors, verbundenen ersten Läufer und einen von dem ersten Läufer berührungslos antreibbaren, mechanisch mit dem Gebläserad verbundenen zweiten Läufer aufweist, wobei der zweite Läufer zusammen mit dem Gebläserad in dem mit Abschreckgas flutbaren Raum angeordnet ist.Especially preferred is an embodiment in which the magnetic coupling has a first runner mechanically connected to the drive motor, preferably to a motor shaft of the drive motor, and a second runner mechanically driven by the first runner and mechanically connected to the blower wheel, the second runner together is arranged with the impeller in the space floatable with quenching gas.
Gemäß einer ersten Alternative ist der mechanisch mit dem Antriebsmotor ge- koppelte Läufer ein Innenläufer, der radial außen von dem zweiten, berührungslos angetriebenen Läufer umschlossen ist und durch das rotatorisch bewegte Magnetfeld in eine Drehbewegung versetzt wird.According to a first alternative, the rotor, which is mechanically coupled to the drive motor, is an internal rotor, which is enclosed radially on the outside by the second contactlessly driven rotor and is set into rotary motion by the rotationally moved magnetic field.
Auch die umgekehrte Variante ist realisierbar. Dabei ist der zweite, also der be- rührungslos angetriebene Läufer ein Innenläufer, der radial außen von dem ersten Läufer (Außenläufer) umschlossen ist. Bei letzterer Ausführungsform handelt es sich um die bevorzugte Variante.The reverse variant is feasible. In this case, the second rotor, ie the contactlessly driven rotor, is an internal rotor, which is enclosed radially on the outside by the first rotor (external rotor). The latter embodiment is the preferred variant.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass sich das Gebläse- rad unmittelbar im Abschreckraum befindet, also in dem unmittelbar mit Abschreckgut beschickbaren Raum. Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist das Gebläse in einem Strömungskanal angeordnet, der strömungstechnisch an den Abschreckraum angebunden ist. Das Vorsehen eines Strömungskanals ist fakultativ, d.h. es ist auch eine Ausführungsform der Abschreckvorrichtung als Ab- schreckzelle ohne Strömungskanal realisierbar, also eine Ausführungsform, bei der das Abschreckgas ausschließlich in der Abschreckzelle mittels des Gebläses umgewälzt wird.In a development of the invention, it is advantageously provided that the fan wheel is located directly in the quenching chamber, that is to say in the space which can be directly charged with quenching material. In an alternative embodiment, the fan is arranged in a flow channel which is fluidically connected to the quenching chamber. The provision of a flow channel is optional, i. An embodiment of the quenching device can also be implemented as a quenching cell without a flow channel, ie an embodiment in which the quenching gas is circulated exclusively in the quenching cell by means of the fan.
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform der Abschreckvorrichtung, bei der diese Mittel zum Fluten des das Gebläserad aufweisenden Raums mit Abschreckgas aufweist. Besonders bevorzugt umfassen die Mittel hierbei eine Gaszuleitung, die in den Raum mündet, wobei die Zuleitung von einem mit Abschreckgas gefüllten Drucktank gespeist wird.Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the quenching device, wherein said means for flooding the impeller having space with quenching gas. Particularly preferably, the means in this case comprise a gas feed line, which opens into the room, wherein the feed line is fed by a quench gas filled with pressure tank.
Weiter bevorzugt ist es, wenn Mittel zum Evakuieren der Abschreckvorrichtung vorgesehen sind. Bevorzugt sind diese derart ausgebildet, dass der Abschreck- raum, verglichen mit der Umgebung, mit Unterdruck belegbar ist, dass also ein Vakuum im Raum erzeugbar ist.It is further preferred if means for evacuating the quenching device are provided. Preferably, these are designed such that the quenching space, compared with the environment, can be assigned negative pressure, so that a vacuum can be generated in the room.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn in dem das Gebläserad aufweisenden Raum ein Wärmetauscher angeordnet ist, der von dem mittels des Gebläserades umgewälzten Abschreckgas beaufschlagt wird und diesem gezielt Wärme entzieht.It is very particularly preferred if a heat exchanger is arranged in the space containing the impeller, which is acted upon by the quenching gas circulated by means of the impeller and specifically removes heat therefrom.
Die Erfindung führt auch auf ein Verfahren zum Abschrecken von Abschreckgut, insbesondere von metallischen Werkstücken, mit Abschreckgas unter Verwendung einer Abschreckvorrichtung, vorzugsweise einer zuvor beschriebenen Abschreckvorrichtung. Bei dem Verfahren wird mittels des Gebläserades das Abschreckgas beschleunigt, um einen guten Wärmeübergang zwischen dem Abschreckgut und dem Abschreckgas zu realisieren. Kern des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es, dass das Gebläserad von dem Antriebsmotor berührungsfrei, insbesondere unter Einsatz einer Magnetkupplung angetrieben wird. Diese Ausführungsform ermöglicht es, das Drehmoment durch eine Wandung hindurch zu übertragen und somit den Antriebsmotor außerhalb des, das Gebläserad aufweisenden Raumes, anzuordnen.The invention also provides a method of quenching quench material, particularly metallic workpieces, with quench gas using a quenching device, preferably a quenching device as described above. In the method, the quenching gas is accelerated by means of the impeller to realize a good heat transfer between the quench and the quenching gas. The core of the method according to the invention is that the impeller is driven by the drive motor without contact, in particular using a magnetic coupling. This embodiment makes it possible to transmit the torque through a wall and thus to arrange the drive motor outside of the space having the impeller.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Antriebsmotor bereits gestartet und/oder betrieben wird, während der Raum (noch) nicht mit Abschreckgas geflutet ist. Dies ist mit einem nicht abgedichteten Standardantriebsmotor nur dann möglich, wenn sich der Antriebsmotor nicht in dem gefluteten Raum befindet.It is very particularly preferred if the drive motor is already started and / or operated while the space is not (yet) flooded with quenching gas. This is possible with a non-sealed standard propulsion engine only when the propulsion engine is not in the flooded space.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Diese zeigt in der einzigenFurther advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing. This shows in the only one
Fig. 1 : in einer schematischen Darstellung einen möglichen Aufbau einer Abschreckvorrichtung.Fig. 1: a schematic representation of a possible construction of a quenching device.
In Fig. 1 ist eine mögliche Ausführungsform einer Abschreckvorrichtung 1 gezeigt. Die Abschreckvorrichtung 1 umfasst in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel einen einzigen Raum 2, der mit Abschreckgas geflutet werden kann. Ein flutbarer Raum in Form eines Strömungskanals, wie dieser in der EP 1 154 024 B1 gezeigt ist, existiert nicht, kann jedoch bei Bedarf vorgesehen werden.In Fig. 1, a possible embodiment of a quenching device 1 is shown. The quenching device 1 comprises in the embodiment shown a single space 2, which can be flooded with quenching gas. A floodable Space in the form of a flow channel, as shown in EP 1 154 024 B1, does not exist, but can be provided if required.
Der Raum 2 weist eine druckdicht verschließbare Beschickungstür 3 auf, durch die hindurch der Raum 2 (hier Abschreckraum) mit Abschreckgut 4 beschickt werden kann. Das in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus Stahlwerkstücken bestehende Abschreckgut 4 ist hierzu auf einem Chargiergestell 5 angeordnet, das mittels geeigneter Transporteinrichtungen unter Vakuumatmosphäre in den Raum 2 hinein und dann nach dem Abschreckvorgang wieder aus diesem her- aus transportierbar ist.The space 2 has a pressure-tight closable feed door 3, through which the space 2 (here quenching space) can be charged with quenched material 4. For this purpose, the quenched material 4 consisting of steel workpieces in the exemplary embodiment shown is arranged on a charging frame 5, which can be transported into the space 2 by means of suitable transport devices under a vacuum atmosphere and then out of the same after the quenching process.
Üblicherweise befindet sich vor der Beschickungstür 3 ein hier nicht dargestellter Ofen zur vorangehenden Wärmebehandlung des Abschreckgutes 4.Usually located in front of the loading door 3, not shown here oven for the previous heat treatment of the quenching. 4
In den Raum 2 mündet eine Abschreckgaszuleitung 6, über die aus einemIn the room 2 opens a quenching gas supply line 6, via the one
Druckgasbehälter 7 Abschreckgas in den Raum 2 geleitet werden kann. Zum Fluten des Raumes 2 mit dem Abschreckgas muss lediglich ein Ventil 8, vorzugsweise automatisch, geöffnet werden.Compressed gas tank 7 quenching gas can be passed into the room 2. To flood the room 2 with the quenching only a valve 8, preferably automatically, must be opened.
Bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Druck im Raum 2 nach dem Fluten mit Abschreckgas bis etwa 20bar beträgt.It is preferred if the pressure in the space 2 after flooding with quenching gas to about 20bar.
Innerhalb des Raums 2 ist ein Gebläserad 9 (Lüfterrad) drehbar gelagert angeordnet, wobei das Gebläserad 9 endseitig an einer Welle 10 angeordnet ist, die am gegenüberliegenden Ende einen zweiten Läufer 1 1 (hier Innenläufer) einerWithin the space 2, an impeller 9 (fan wheel) is rotatably mounted, wherein the impeller 9 is disposed on the end side of a shaft 10, at the opposite end a second rotor 1 1 (here internal rotor) a
Magnetkupplung 12 trägt. Die Welle 10 ragt mit dem zweiten Läufer 1 1 in eine Ausstülpung 13 des Raums 2 hinein, die radial außen von einem ersten Läufer 14 (hier Außenläufer) der Magnetkupplung 12 radial außen umschlossen ist. Der erste Läufer 14 ist mit (radialem) Abstand zu dem zweiten Läufer 1 1 angeordnet und überträgt bei laufendem Antriebsmotor 15 ein Drehmoment berührungslos durch die Wandung 16 des Raums 2, genauer durch die Wandung 16 der Ausstülpung 13 des Raums 2 hindurch, auf den zweiten Läufer 1 1 , der in der Folge mitrotiert, wodurch das Gebläserad 9 in eine Drehbewegung versetzt wird. Der erste Läufer 14 sitzt endseitig drehfest auf einer Motorwelle 17 des als Standard- Elektromotor ausgebildeten Antriebsmotors 15. Wesentlich ist, dass der Antriebsmotor 15 außerhalb der Wandung 16 des Raums 2 angeordnet ist, also vorzugsweise in normaler Luftatmosphäre, so dass der Antriebsmotor 15 unabhängig von der Raumatmosphäre und dem Rauminnendruck betrieben werden kann.Magnetic coupling 12 carries. The shaft 10 protrudes with the second rotor 1 1 in a protuberance 13 of the space 2, which is radially outwardly by a first rotor 14 (here external rotor) of the magnetic coupling 12 is enclosed radially on the outside. The first rotor 14 is arranged with (radial) distance to the second rotor 1 1 and transmits a torque without contact through the wall 16 of the room 2, more precisely through the wall 16 of the protuberance 13 of the space 2, while the drive motor 15, on the second Rotor 1 1, which rotates in the sequence, whereby the impeller 9 is set in a rotary motion. It is essential that the drive motor 15 is arranged outside the wall 16 of the space 2, that is to say, the drive motor 15 is arranged on the outside of the wall 16 of the space 2 in a rotationally fixed manner on a motor shaft 17 of the drive motor 15 designed as a standard electric motor preferably in a normal air atmosphere, so that the drive motor 15 can be operated independently of the room atmosphere and the internal chamber pressure.
Wie sich weiter aus Fig. 1 ergibt, ist innerhalb des Raums 2 ein WärmetauscherAs is further apparent from Fig. 1, within the space 2 is a heat exchanger
18 angeordnet, der dem, mittels des Gebläserades 9, ungewälzten Abschreckgas Wärme entzieht.18, which extracts heat from the quenching gas, which has been unscaled by means of the impeller 9.
Im Folgenden wird ein bevorzugter Abschreckvorgang im Detail beschrieben. Zunächst wird die Beschickungstür 3 geöffnet und das Chargiergestell 5 mit demHereinafter, a preferred quenching process will be described in detail. First, the loading door 3 is opened and the charging frame 5 with the
Abschreckgut 4 wird in den, vorzugsweise unter Vakuum stehenden, Raum 2 eingeführt. Bevorzugt wird bereits während der Beschickung der Antriebsmotor 15 gestartet. Nach dem Schließen der Beschickungstür 3 wird der Raum 2 über die Abschreckgaszuleitung 6 mit Abschreckgas auf Abschreckdruck geflutet. Der Antriebsmotor 15 und in der Folge auch das Gebläserad 9 sind bei Beendigung des Flutungsvorgangs bereits auf Nenndrehzahl hochgelaufen, so dass unmittelbar nach Beendigung des Flutungsvorgangs die volle Abschreckintensität zur Verfügung steht. Nach einer vorgegebenen Abschreckzeit wird entweder das Abschreckgas in die Umgebung entlassen oder über einen nicht dargestellten Kom- pressor in den Druckgasbehälter 7 rückgefördert und die Beschickungstür 3 wird zur Entnahme des Chargiergestells 5 mit abgeschrecktem Abschreckgut 4 entnommen. Bevorzugt erfolgt daraufhin die Beaufschlagung des Raums 2 mit Vakuum. Quenched material 4 is introduced into the, preferably under vacuum, space 2. Preferably, the drive motor 15 is already started during the charging. After closing the loading door 3, the space 2 is flooded with quenching gas via the Abschreckgaszuleitung 6 to quenching pressure. The drive motor 15 and, consequently, the fan wheel 9 have already run up to rated speed at the end of the flooding process, so that the full quenching intensity is available immediately after completion of the flooding process. After a predetermined quenching time, either the quenching gas is released into the environment or conveyed back into the pressurized gas container 7 via a compressor, not shown, and the loading door 3 is removed for removal of the charging frame 5 with quenched material 4 quenched. Thereafter, the admission of the space 2 preferably takes place with vacuum.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Abschreckvorrichtung umfassend mindestens einen ein Gebläserad (9) zum Um- wälzen von Abschreckgas aufweisenden, mit Abschreckgas befüllbaren Raum (2), insbesondere einen Abschreckraum und/oder einen Strömungskanal, wobei dem Gebläserad (9) ein außerhalb des Raums (2) angeordneter Antriebsmotor (15) zum Antreiben des Gebläses zugeordnet ist,1 . Quenching device comprising at least one space (2) which can be filled with quenching gas and which is capable of circulating quenching gas, in particular a quenching space and / or a flow channel, wherein the impeller (9) has a drive motor (2) arranged outside the space (2). 15) is assigned to drive the fan,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass der Antriebsmotor (15) mit dem Gebläserad (9) über eine berührungslos arbeitende Kupplung drehmomentübertragend gekoppelt ist.the drive motor (15) is coupled with the fan wheel (9) in such a way that it transmits torque by means of a non-contact coupling.
2. Abschreckvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kupplung als Magnetkupplung (12) ausgebildet ist.2. Quenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling is designed as a magnetic coupling (12).
3. Abschreckvorrichtung Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Magnetkupplung (12) einen mechanisch mit dem Antriebsmotor (15) verbundenen ersten Läufer (14) und einen von dem ersten Läufer (14) berührungslos antreibbaren mechanisch mit dem Gebläserad (9) verbundenen zweiten Läufer (1 1 ) aufweist.3. quenching device according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnetic coupling (12) has a mechanically connected to the drive motor (15) first runner (14) and one of the first runner (14) non-contact drivable mechanically with the impeller (9) connected second runner (1 1).
4. Abschreckvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Läufer (14) als den als Innenläufer ausgebildeten zweiten Läufer (1 1 ) radial außen umschließender Außenläufer ausgebildet ist.4. quenching device according to claim 3, characterized in that the first rotor (14) as the inner rotor formed as a second rotor (1 1) radially outwardly enclosing external rotor is formed.
5. Abschreckvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Läufer (1 1 ) als, den als Innenläufer ausgebildeten ersten Läufer (14) radial außen umschließender, Außenläufer ausgebildet ist. 5. Quenching device according to claim 3, characterized in that the second rotor (1 1) than, designed as an inner rotor first rotor (14) radially outwardly enclosing, outer rotor is formed.
6. Abschreckvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem das Gebläserad (9) aufweisenden Raum (2) Abschreckgut (4) anor- denbar ist.6. Quenching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in which the impeller (9) having room (2) Abschreckgut (4) is arranged anor- denbar.
7. Abschreckvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel zum Fluten des Raums (2) mit Abschreckgas vorgesehen sind.7. Quenching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means for flooding the space (2) are provided with quenching gas.
8. Abschreckvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Raum (2) ein Wärmetauscher (18) angeordnet ist.8. Quenching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the space (2), a heat exchanger (18) is arranged.
9. Verfahren zum Abschrecken von Abschreckgut (4), insbesondere von metallischen Werkstücken, mit Abschreckgas, unter Verwendung einer Abschreckvorrichtung9. A method for quenching quenching material (4), in particular metallic workpieces, with quenching gas, using a quenching device
(1 ), vorzugsweise nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei Abschreckgas mit einem, von einem Antriebsmotor (15) angetriebenen Gebläserad (9) umgewälzt wird,(1), preferably according to one of the preceding claims, wherein quenching gas is circulated with a, by a drive motor (15) driven impeller (9),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass das Gebläserad (9) von dem Antriebsmotor (15) berührungslos angetrieben wird.that the impeller (9) is driven without contact by the drive motor (15).
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antriebsmotor (15) angefahren und/oder betrieben wird, während der Raum (2) noch nicht mit Abschreckgas geflutet ist. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the drive motor (15) is started up and / or operated, while the space (2) is not yet flooded with quenching gas.
EP09765082.4A 2009-01-14 2009-12-02 Quenching device and quenching method Active EP2387622B1 (en)

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