EP2386395B1 - Method and device for producing semi-open concrete parts - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing semi-open concrete parts according to independent claims 1 and 8.

Such a method and a device suitable for this purpose is, for example, with the subject of WO 01/87565 A1 described. In this known method, a fiber concrete is used, which is designed as liquid concrete. There are thus made thin-walled components, wherein a formwork body is used, which is installed in a formwork. It is therefore a molding box, in which pressure is applied via pressure and force on the first formwork part in the direction of a second formwork part and so after the introduction of the fiber concrete in the formwork body, the excess water can be pressed on the fiber concrete.

The molding box thus described had a movable inner box which was pressed against the fiber concrete mass filled on the inner wall of the outer box to displace the excess water of the fiber concrete and finally to bring it towards the outside of the molding box. A disadvantage of this known method, however, is that the mold box is inflexible and not readily adaptable to various semi-open concrete parts, that it is difficult to produce, because the pressure elements and the pressure-generating, necessary for the squeezing of the water machine elements are difficult to manufacture and in the cited document are not designated in detail.

On all five plates of the molding box, a corresponding pressure had to be exerted, which is associated with a high machine complexity, which leads to high production costs of the mold box. In addition, the mold box is prone to damage and difficult to handle.

After the inner walls of the inner mold box must be moved against the outer walls of the outer mold box, there are complicated displacement tracks, which must also be still tight against penetration of fiber concrete.

Difficulties in the transition thus resulted, in particular, in edge regions, and the edge regions still had to be sealed with additional sealing elements.

Overall, it was difficult to produce semi-finished precast concrete parts with the said method and apparatus, which met the requirements for the subsequent surface accuracy, the surface quality and the breaking strength.

Another disadvantage was that the walls of the molding box were not changeable, d. H. There were no wall spacers changing press ram or the like available, so that at a constant thin wall thickness of z. B. 2 cm or less, it was difficult to pump round around with good quality the liquid concrete (fiber concrete).

These difficulties also affected the manufacturing quality of the semi-open concrete parts produced therewith.

An equal filling over a filler neck is, for example, in the DE 198 41 047 C1 disclosed. There is poured for a tunnel lining concrete via a filler neck of a tubule formwork closed on all sides with the escape of air and water from the tubbing formwork in the tubbing formwork. After reaching a green state strength is turned off.

Disadvantage of using such a tubbing formwork is in turn the fact that at a fixed wall thickness of the concrete must be filled via a mortar pump, which is connected due to the relatively thin filler neck used with great difficulty.

In the applications mentioned above of the type mentioned above, there was the disadvantage that the liquid concrete had to be filled in a closed box, under high pressure, and that was de-energized after receiving the green strength.

Characteristic of the two methods mentioned above was that also for the production of semi-open concrete parts of fiber concrete or liquid concrete was injected into a completely self-contained form, which was associated with the disadvantage that not for a uniform distribution of the concrete in the fully closed form could always be taken care of.

That's why she saw WO 01/87565 A1 nor an additional pressure element, which was arranged in the interior of the molding box and which exerts a radially outward pressure on the inside of the molded body produced in order to achieve a better solidification. However, it was also only a self-contained form with all the disadvantages previously described.

The DE 600 15 011 T2 discloses an apparatus and a method for producing semi-open concrete parts with a molding box in which the filled concrete mass is pressed against the inner walls of the molding box. The molding box is designed as a semi-open mold, which forms an upwardly open filling space over which the concrete flows, wherein the filling space is acted upon by at least one pressing element closing off the filling space. The walls of the molding box are slidably formed as printing plates.

The DE 464 412 C is regarded as the closest prior art to the claim 1 and discloses an apparatus for producing semi-open concrete parts with a molding box according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

The invention has the object of providing a method and an apparatus for producing semi-open concrete parts of the type mentioned in such a way that a much better quality of the concrete part is achieved and a simpler and faster process flow is given.

To solve the problem, the invention is characterized by the technical teaching of the independent claims.

It is not used in a self-contained form, but a semi-open shape, which forms a large upwardly open Einfüllraum over the large area of the concrete (liquid concrete) can flow and that after filling the upwardly half-open mold with the upper opening final pressing element a pressure is exerted from above on the filled concrete mass, so as to squeeze the excess water out of the mold on all sides.

The walls of the molding box are slidably formed as printing plates, wherein the printing plates are in turn provided with printing elements. The pressure elements are connected to plungers, wherein in each case a slide plate is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the respective plunger, which is displaceably driven on a track perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the respective plunger, and thereby locking the respective plunger takes place in the advanced position. As a result, the feed movement of the plunger is locked.

There is the significant advantage that now thanks to the use of a semi-open mold, the concrete no longer has to be filled under high pressure, but it can be poured as liquid concrete, whereby it distributes itself automatically evenly on all mold nests and all mold cavities and a uniform filling ensures the mold and that after completion of filling the mold is then completed with a pressing member of the mold cavity up and pushes the pressing member into the mold cavity, so as to solidify the concrete in the mold cavity and dissipate the excess water through associated filter plates to the outside.

It is a pressing element used to complete the mold space upwards and to compress the concrete poured there against the arranged in the mold space filter plates and squeezing out the water.

This results in a significantly better quality of semi-finished precast concrete parts thus produced, because the uniform virtually pressure-free distribution of liquid concrete is a uniform filling of the mold space and thus a much better microstructure of the finished concrete part thus prepared.

The term liquid concrete is understood to mean that it is a conventional flowable concrete, which in a known manner consists of aggregates, cement and water, wherein a high proportion of water is present.

The liquid concrete has a slump of about 70 to 80 cm and is therefore very fluid.

If one compares such a liquid concrete with an earth-moist concrete, the use of which is likewise known for the production of semi-open precast concrete parts, then the use of earth-moist concrete and associated forms into which the earth-moist concrete must be filled has the disadvantage that the earth-moist concrete is very difficult to bring into the mold, this vibration tools must be used and otherwise the entire shape is also still arranged on vibrating tables in order to achieve a uniform distribution of a slightly moist concrete, with which it is therefore only possible, a minimum wall thickness of 5 cm, while in the use of liquid concrete according to the present invention according to the invention now wall thicknesses of less than 1 cm can be achieved.

The liquid concrete can be added in a conventional manner and fibrous materials, so as to achieve a fiber concrete, which shows a high breaking strength on the cured part. This is a significant advantage over known other manufacturing processes that use a so-called polymer concrete, which consists essentially of a sand-resin mixture, which mixture is cured by an increase in temperature and formed after manufacture such as glass and of course upon exposure to Shocks also breaks.

The use of fiber reinforced liquid concrete thus has significant advantages in the use of the present method.

Compared to the older state of the art ( WO 01/87565 A1 ), the further disadvantage was that the mold boundaries were formed by walls of the mold itself, which were not actual carrier form, because the mold walls themselves were the carrier form.

According to the invention it is now provided that in the mold box now a preferably made of metal carrier mold is used, which forms the inner wall of the semi-finished precast concrete element produced therewith.

This has the significant advantage that now the inner wall of the prefabricated concrete part thus produced corresponds exactly to the surface structure of the carrier shape and can be particularly smooth and of high quality. Furthermore, there is the advantage that certain shapes can be provided in the carrier form, such as beads, slots, recesses and the like more, which are then introduced in semi-open precast concrete part. Such an advantage did not exist in the cited prior art, because there could not be used a carrier form made of metal.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the use of a carrier form of a metal sheet. Plastic molds, wood forms and the like may also be used to transfer the surface structure of the carrier mold to the precast concrete element.

Thus, the use of a carrier form in a semi-open mold box, the advantages that a particularly high surface quality of the precast concrete part is achieved.

By using a mold box open at the top into which a carrier mold is introduced, on the upper side of which the concrete is then filled, there is the further advantage that there is the possibility in the filling space formed thereby, which is open upwards, to introduce any insert or insertion elements as lost elements. It can z. As fabric mats, fittings, fleeces, hollow bodies and other parts are incorporated, which are then installed in the precast concrete finished part.

This possibility, the introduction of additional built-in elements in a mold was in the WO 01/87565 A1 not given.

It has been stated above that the molding box essentially consists of a peripheral frame which has a slotted bottom and at least one carrier mold is inserted into this molding box so as to fill the carrier form with concrete from the bottom (foot side) to the top ,

According to the invention, it is provided according to the device feature that the walls of the mold box are designed to be displaceable in order to enable demolding of the completed precast concrete part.

Here, the displaceable walls are formed by pressure plates, which pressure plates are in turn provided with pressure elements, which pressure elements are connected with plungers, so that they are designed to be movable in the horizontal direction.

In this way, a simple decalcifying the finished precast concrete parts from the molding box is possible because both the longitudinal beams and the end beam of the mold box are slidably formed as pressure elements.

In this way, each wall of the molding box can be moved away from the completed precast concrete part and delivered to allow proper demolding.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention filter plates are arranged on the inside of the printing elements, which are preferably formed from steel plates. The filter plates preferably have a perforation or slit of z. B. 30 microns, in order to achieve that only the water escapes with the introduction of pressure from the top press and not the embedded grain in the cement.

The use of pressure plates in the molding box, which are deliverable and wegstellbar in the direction of the Einfüllraum, has the further advantage that the pressure plates can be provided on the inside still with associated profiles or projections, which are transmitted to the side walls of the semi-finished concrete part.

For example, if protrusions projecting into the mold space are arranged on the pressure plates, corresponding groove-shaped recesses result on the side wall of the semi-finished concrete part, which saves weight and causes a special shape.

Thus, one is relatively free in the shaping of the side walls and can also introduce various projections, recesses and other elements on the side walls, because this only requires a change on the pressure-applying side of the respective pressure plate.

Of course, the same also applies to the end plates, because the end plates are also formed as printing plates and protrusions or recesses protruding into the mold space can also be arranged at these locations.

Such an introduction of undercuts or protrusions could not be performed with the aforementioned method, because the movable inner walls of the molding box could not be moved in such a way to ensure complete demoulding also from there placed undercuts.

Now, both beads and undercuts on the inside of the precast concrete part on the design of the carrier form can be introduced by the inventive method as well as the outside on the design of the longitudinal side and the front side adjacent pressure plates.

According to the method according to the invention, it is provided to incorporate the molding boxes with the features described above in a ring-shaped process sequence, so that a clocked method is used which uses a plurality of molding boxes according to the invention.

When using a single mold box you will always have the necessary process steps, namely the molding of the mold box, the filling of the mortar, the pressing in the half-open mold space, stripping and cleaning the mold anyway.

If you now arranged on a ring system a plurality of such mold boxes clocked longitudinal conveyor one behind the other, you can in a

Ring method in a very short time to achieve high production performance, for example, when using 5 molding boxes a five-fold increased production performance compared to the use of a single mold box is achieved.

In this way, so z. B. 5 molding boxes positioned on the annular system at different stations and the system is then put into operation, so as to supply each molding box a particular station.

It is therefore an annular cycle method in which a plurality of molding boxes are cyclically fed in the ring circulation of the respective station.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings showing only one embodiment. Here are from the drawings and their description further features essential to the invention and advantages of the invention.

Figur 1:

zeigt die Darstellung nur einer Verfahrensanlage, in der eine Mehrzahl von Formkästen im Kreislauf verschiedenen Stationen zugeführt wird.

Figur 2A:

Schnitt durch den unteren Teil der Anlage nach Figur 1

Figur 2B:

Schnitt durch den oberen Teil der Anlage nach Figur 1

Figur 3:

schematisiert die Ringförderung der erfindungsgemäßen Formkästen in der Anlage nach den Figuren 1 bis 2b

Figur 4:

schematisiert die perspektivische Darstellung eines Formkastens nach der Erfindung

Figur 5:

ein Schnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform eines Formkastens

Figur 6:

ein Schnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Formkastens

Figur 7:

eine gegenüber Figur 6 abgewandelte Ausführungsform einer anderen Ausgestaltung eines Formkastens

Figur 8:

eine weitere Variante eines Formkastens gemäß Figur 7

Figur 9:

schematisiert die Darstellung einer Trägerform mit Darstellung der verschiebbaren Seitenwände und einer von oben einwirkenden Presse

Figur 10:

der Querschnitt durch ein Rinnenelement an der Endseite

Figur 11:

der gleiche Querschnitt durch das Rinnenelement an einer anderen Stelle (Mittenbereich)

Figur 12:

der Schnitt durch einen Kabeltrog mit der Darstellung unterschiedlicher Hinterschneidungen und eingebrachter Nuten

Show it:

FIG. 1:

shows the representation of only one process plant in which a plurality of molding boxes in the circuit is supplied to different stations.

FIG. 2A

Section through the lower part of the plant after FIG. 1

FIG. 2B:

Cut through the upper part of the plant after FIG. 1

FIG. 3:

schematizes the ring promotion of the molding boxes according to the invention in the system according to the Figures 1 to 2b

FIG. 4:

schematizes the perspective view of a molding box according to the invention

FIG. 5:

a section through a first embodiment of a molding box

FIG. 6:

a section through a second embodiment of a molding box

FIG. 7:

one opposite FIG. 6 modified embodiment of another embodiment of a molding box

FIG. 8:

a further variant of a mold box according to FIG. 7

FIG. 9:

schematized the representation of a carrier form with representation of the sliding side walls and a press acting from above

FIG. 10:

the cross section through a channel element on the end side

FIG. 11:

the same cross-section through the gutter element at another location (middle area)

FIG. 12:

the section through a cable trough with the representation of different undercuts and introduced grooves

Based on FIGS. 1 to 3 The sequence of the method according to the invention will now be described. It is a clocked circulation system 1, in the illustrated embodiment, a total of five mold boxes 22 at different stations 2, 6, 11, 13, 18, 20 promoted.

In the exemplary embodiment, it is shown that, starting from a shelf storage 3, from which the molds are removed via a conveyor, a station 2 is charged, in which the casing of the mold box takes place with a carrier mold 40. The thus completed molding box with the carrier form used is in the direction of arrow 4 (see also FIG. 3 ) via a longitudinal conveyor 5, which is preferably designed as a chain conveyor, a station 6, in which the filling of the mortar is carried out in the upwardly open shape of the molding box 22. The FIG. 1 shows here a mortar pump 7, via which the substantially pressureless filling of the liquid concrete (concrete 39) takes place in the upwardly open filling chamber 52 of the molding box 22.

After the filling of the mold box, in which the carrier mold 40 is completely covered and forms the later inner wall of the precast concrete part, a continuation takes place via a longitudinal conveyor 8 in the direction of arrow 9 of the station 11.

In order to bring the molding box 22 into the station 11 with the arrangement of a top press 53, a lifting conveyor 10 is arranged on the inlet side, which lifts the filled molding box 22 from the longitudinal conveyor 8 and brings it into the pressing space of the top press 53. This takes place in the area of the station 11. After the pressing of the mold from above with the in FIG. 2a shown pressing die 54, the pressed shape thus prepared is again deposited via a lifting conveyor 10 on a longitudinal conveyor 12 and fed in the direction of arrow to a station 13, where the stripping of the molding box 22 takes place. In this area, both the arranged on the longitudinal side and on the front side boundaries of the mold box are moved away from the finished mold so as to demould the mold can.

The finished form is a converter 15 in a storage station 14 according to FIG. 2a spent.

The now deflated form is spent on a longitudinal conveyor 17 in the arrow direction in a station 18, in which the molding box can be replaced either or a new molding box can be used or the molding box coming from the station 13 is simply forwarded.

The onward transport takes place via a longitudinal conveyor 19 in the arrow direction FIG. 3 in a washing station 20 where the entire mold is washed.

Thereafter, the discharge from the station 20 via a longitudinal conveyor 21 in the region of the station 2, where the shelling takes place.

Thus, a complete circuit is shown and in a preferred embodiment, a molding box are each arranged at each station 2, 6, 11, 13, 18, 20, so that all molding boxes are cyclically conveyed on the circulation system 1 clocked from station to station.

It is also added that the required for the assembly of the molding box 22 carrier forms 40 are fetched with a converter 16 at the station 2 from the shelf storage 3.

The FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a molding box 22, as arranged according to the above description in each case at the stations. The molding box 22 consists of a self-contained, approximately rectangular frame 23, wherein the frame 23 consists of mutually parallel and a mutual distance to each other engaging longitudinal beams 24, 25, to which the transverse bars 26, 27 are arranged vertically.

According to the description above, all the bars 24-27 are in the horizontal direction (with respect to the plane to FIG. 4 ) arranged movable and are therefore deliverable and wegstellbar provided so as to ensure a defined filling 52.

In each longitudinal beam and crossbar 24-27, a respective pressure element 28, 29 is arranged, which respectively push the associated wall into the mold space or withdraw from the mold space.

This results in an upwardly open receiving space 30 in the molding box 22, in which the carrier mold 40 is mounted on the possibly provided with holes or slots bottom 31.

It can be seen that the side walls of the receiving space 30 are formed by pressure plates 37, on which externally abut pressure pieces 34, which in turn are bolted to a pressure plate 33, which is part of a plunger 32, preferably pneumatically or hydraulically or electromechanically in the direction of arrow 57th is designed to be removable and removable.

In the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the respective plunger 32 is in each case a slide plate 44 is arranged, which is displaceably driven on a raceway 46 in the arrow directions 45. In this way, a locking of the respective plunger 32 in the advanced position (positive engagement after FIG. 5 or 6 ) to counteract the significant internal pressure of the mold. It is therefore a locking of the feed movement of the plunger 32 in the direction of arrow 57 to the left according to FIG. 5 , and in this case the slide plate 44 is slidably held on a bearing block 43, which bearing block is fixed on the bottom 31 of the mold plate 22.

The Figures 5 and 6 Now show that in the area of the molding box 22 in the receiving space 30, the pressure elements 28, 29 protrude, thus defining a fillable shape, as in FIG. 5 and 6 is shown. The two figures show the already used carrier mold 40 and also the front side arranged end plates 63, which form the frontal boundaries of the mold space.

The comparison between FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 shows that in the production of different height and differently shaped channel elements readily possible, now the ram 32 with the pressure elements 28, 29 apart, so as to form a different sized mold space in the molding box, in which then the carrier mold 40 is inserted , which is filled in the direction of arrow 42 from above practically without pressure with concrete 39.

The concrete thus flows according to FIG. 6 on the top of the carrier mold 40 and distributed evenly throughout the mold including filling the foot space 59, in which the base leg of the channel-shaped element is formed. It is clear that here a particularly uniform filling of the entire mold space is given, because the liquid concrete evenly distributed under the action of gravity in the mold and this when pressing the mold from above with the press die 54 shown later (see FIG. 9 ) the excess water in the direction of arrow 54 against the inside of the pressure plates 37 spaced filter plates 36 is pressed. There, only the water is squeezed out and reaches a drainage chamber 48 arranged beyond the filter plates 36 and flows downwards in the direction of the arrow 50 out of the mold.

It is also shown that the mold tops, namely in the area of the pressure plates 37, are closed at the top by a cover 38, which is part of the press ram 54 and which has a filter, so that the excess water can flow out of this area too ,

The comparison of Figures 5 and 6 shows, moreover, that in the production of different channel elements to compensate for a height offset (see the channel element after FIG. 5 and the gutter element FIG. 6 ) can arrange a spacer plate 35 below the mold box 22 in order to always allow a constant comparison of the printing elements 28, 29.

Incidentally, it can be seen that the base plate 41 of the flask 22 is bolted to the spacer plate 35 or directly on the floor 31.

The FIGS. 7 and 8th show modifications of the mold box according to the invention, where it can be seen that it is also possible in an embodiment of a molding box, several printing elements 28a, 28b superimposed to use a highest possible channel element 56 according to FIG. 7 manufacture.

On the other hand, is it about the production of a relatively wide cable tray 55 according to FIG. 8 It is expedient to use two or more press punches 54a, 54b used, which are arranged in parallel and at a mutual distance, but then only one lying at a single level pressure element 28a is then used.

The molding boxes 22a, 22b, 22c are thus modified according to the requirements of the semi-finished precast concrete element produced therewith.

When using a press ram in the region of a top press 53 - as shown schematically in FIG FIG. 9 is shown, a pressure of about 1 to 2 N per mm ^{2 is} used up, which press ram 54 in the arrow directions 58 on the top of the molding box 22 and is wegstellbar.

It is again schematically shown that the pressure plates 37 in the direction of arrows 57 and are formed away adjustable, as well as the end faces.

Furthermore, it is shown schematically that the respective filter plate with the dewatering space 48 ensures the outflow of the squeezed out water. Incidentally, it can be seen that by virtue of the configuration of the carrier form 40, any recesses and chamfers can also be connected in the leg region of the base legs of the concrete plate parts produced in this way.

In the FIGS. 10 and 11 the cross section is shown by a channel member 56 at different points of this channel element. There it can be seen that in each case full-surface cross sections are used, wherein on the foot side an undercut 60 is arranged, while in the middle region of the same channel element 56 for weight saving reasons, the tops are beveled to save concrete and weight.

The FIG. 12 shows a cable tray 55 with the representation of the manifold possibilities in the design of the molding box in connection with the carrier form used there. It can be seen that a variety of thickening, recesses and grooves can be used, these being different Parts may be arranged both in the region of the side legs 61 and in the region of the base leg 62.

Such a fine attachment of grooves, recesses and thickening was previously not possible in the prior art.

drawing Legend

1

circulation system

2

Station (shells)

3

bay warehouse

4

arrow

5

Longitudinal conveyor (chain conveyor)

6

Station (filling mortar)

7

mortar pump

8th

Longitudinal conveyor (roller conveyor)

9

arrow

10

half conveyor

11

Station (press)

12

Longitudinal conveyor (roller conveyor)

13

Station (stripping)

14

storage station

15

Converter (storage station 14)

16

Converter (shelf storage 3)

17

longitudinal conveyor

18

Station (molding box)

19

longitudinal conveyor

20

Station (washing)

21

longitudinal conveyor

22

Molding box a, b, c

23

frame

24

stringers

25

stringers

26

crossbeam

27

crossbeam

28

Pressure element (long side)

29

Pressure element (Strinseite)

30

accommodation space

31

ground

32

tappet

33

printing plate

34

Pressure piece

35

spacer plate

36

filter plate

37

printing plate

38

End cover

39

concrete

40

support form

41

baseplate

42

arrow

43

bearing block

44

slide plate

45

arrow

46

career

47

Yoke (slide plate 44)

48

drainage area

49

Arrow direction (concrete 39)

50

arrow

51

-

52

feeding space

53

upper press

54

Press punches a, b

55

cable trough

56

An element

57

arrow

58

arrow

59

footwell

60

undercut

61

side leg

62

base leg

63

faceplate

Claims (9)

1. Device for producing semi-open concrete parts with a ring cycle system and at least two moulding boxes (22) in which the introduced concrete material (39) is pressed against the internal walls of the moulding boxes (22), wherein the moulding boxes (22) are formed as semi-open moulds which form a filling chamber (52) which is opened at the top and through which the concrete (39) flows in, wherein at least one press element (38, 53, 54) closing the filling chamber (52) acts on the filling chamber (52), wherein a receiving chamber (30) which is opened at the top is formed in the moulding boxes (22), wherein the moulding boxes (22) consist of a self-contained frame (23), wherein the frame (23) consists of longitudinal beams (24, 25) which are arranged parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another and at right angles to which are arranged the transverse beams (26, 27), wherein arranged in each longitudinal beam and transverse beam (24-27) there is a pressure element (28, 29) which slides the associated wall inwards into the mould chamber, wherein the side walls of the receiving chamber (30) are formed by pressure plates (37), characterised in that in the receiving chamber (30) there is a carrier mould (40) which is fastened on a base (31), and in that bearing on the pressure plates (37) on the outside there are thrust pieces (34) which for their part are bolted to a thrust plate (33) which is part of a ram (32) which is embodied so that it can be moved inwards and outwards in the direction of the arrow (57) pneumatically or hydraulically or electromechanically, wherein the at least two moulding boxes (22) are arranged in different stations (2, 6, 11, 13, 18, 20) and run through these stations which are part of the ring cycle system connected by linear conveyors.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the filling chamber (52) is closed with a press element (38, 53, 54) at the top and the press element (38, 53, 54) presses into the mould chamber.
3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the carrier mould (40) in the moulding box (22) is made of metal and forms the internal wall of the semi-open finished concrete part produced with it.
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the carrier mould (40) has particular shaping, namely channels or slots or recesses.
5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that inlays or inserts can be fitted into the filling chamber (52) formed in the carrier mould (40) as lost elements.
6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the top press (54) exerts pressure on the moulding box (22) through the closing cover (38).
7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that filter plates (36) are arranged on the inside of the pressure plates (37).
8. Method for producing semi-open concrete parts using the device according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:

   - the moulding boxes (22) are conveyed cyclically to stations (2, 6, 11, 13, 18, 20) which are arranged one behind another in the conveying direction and are part of a ring cycle system connected by linear conveyors, and are run through at least the following stations:

   1. station (2): the moulding box is fitted out with a carrier mould (40);

   2. station (6): concrete (39) is introduced into the filling chamber (52) of the moulding box (22) which is opened at the top;

   3. station (11): the concrete material introduced into the semi-open mould of the moulding box (22) is pressed with a press element (38, 53, 54) closing the top opening;

   4. a pressure is applied from above onto the introduced concrete material (39), driving off the excess water;

   5. station (13): the moulded part is removed from the moulding box (22);

   6. station (20): the moulding box (22) is washed;

   7. station (2): the moulding box (22) is fitted out.
9. Method for producing semi-open concrete parts according to claim 8, characterised in that the carrier moulds (40) required for fitting out the moulding box (22) are collected from the storage unit (3) with a transfer device (16) at the station (2).

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