EP2385887A2

EP2385887A2 - Lathe

Info

Publication number: EP2385887A2
Application number: EP09763950A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Olaf Martens; Sieghard KÄLBERER
Original assignee: MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen
Current assignee: MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen
Priority date: 2008-12-03
Filing date: 2009-12-01
Publication date: 2011-11-16
Also published as: CN102325628A; US20110290089A1; DE102008060297B3; WO2010063716A4; CN102325628B; US8689418B2; WO2010063716A2; WO2010063716A3

Abstract

In place of the conventional Z/X/Y carriage sequence and a B-axis that can pivot thereon, a more compact, less physically complex design is achieved by placing the tool support that is pivotable about the B-axis directly on the X-carriage and by allowing only a single rotatably driven tool spindle to also move in the Y-direction within said pivoting support, with all other tool receptacles for fixed tools being fastened rigidly to the support.

Description

Applicant: Boehringer Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH

Our file: 77586 AL / GR

lathe

I. Field of application

The invention relates to lathes.

II. Technical background

On lathes primarily rotationally symmetrical workpieces are produced by a turning steel is guided on the rotating about the C-axis workpiece in engagement along, either in the X direction for the purpose of so-called. Plandrehens or in the Z direction for the purpose of so-called longitudinal turning.

Moreover, in order to be able to perform non-rotationally symmetrical machining operations on such turned parts in the same clamping in this lathe, it is known to fasten not only stationary tools, such as lathe tools, to the tool support, but also rotationally drivable tools such as drills and milling cutters are used in a tool spindle on the tool support and are driven in rotation.

In addition, since the rotational position of the stopped workpiece is adjustable by means of a controlled C-axis of the workpiece spindle, at any point of the circumference of the workpiece by means of a For example, milling cutters are made or transverse bores are usually introduced when the workpiece is stationary.

For this purpose, at least the rotationally drivable tool spindle must be movable in addition to the first transverse direction in a second transverse direction to the axis of rotation, the Y direction.

In this context, it is known to put on the X-carriage of the tool support a Y-carriage, which carries this tool spindle.

As a rule, both tool holders for rotating and stationary tools can be inserted into the tool spindle, which can be both driven in rotation and can be stopped, so that milling, drilling or even turning can be performed by means of the same tool holder.

Often, a tool turret is used as a tool support, which has a plurality of tool holders, some of which are designed to accommodate rotationally drivable tools with a rotary drive, while others are only suitable for receiving stationary rotary tools.

However, the technical effort for a tool turret with its multiple tool holders is relatively high, and yet the Einsatzfä- ability is limited by the fact that the tool turret is usually switched only in those rotational positions in which the desired tool holder strives towards the center of rotation, but not in intermediate positions.

If, on the other hand, the expenditure for a tool turret is to be avoided and both stationary and driven tools are used alternately in one and the same tool holder, this has the disadvantage that when the workpiece is being processed it is also possible to stop the tool. the tools nevertheless act on the tool spindle acting on the tool and load their bearing, even if no driven tools are in use, and then even load the bearing unilaterally, resulting in earlier wear.

Another disadvantage is that in the presence of a Y-axis usually the Y-carriage is seated directly on the X-carriage and this on the Z-carriage, and on the Y-slide if necessary, the Werkzeugauf- to take the order z , B. B-axis is formed pivotable.

However, this results in less compact, far projecting and heavy constructions, which are particularly suitable for conventional lathes with horizontally lying tool spindle and especially Z-guides, which lie next to each other in a horizontal Z-guide plane, are not suitable.

IN THE. Presentation of the invention

a) Technical task

It is therefore the object according to the invention to provide a lathe, in particular a horizontal bed lathe, which, in spite of the compact design of the tool support, enables complete machining of workpieces including milling and boring operations on the stationary workpiece in one clamping in addition to the turning operation , preferably with as few tool changes.

b) Solution of the task This object is achieved by a lathe with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

By the Y-carriage, which carries the driven tool spindle, not directly on the X-carriage is arranged, but on the z. B. B-axis pivoting tool support sitting on the X-carriage, results in a much more compact design of the entire tool unit. This is achieved primarily by the fact that - viewed in the Y direction - the B-axis passes through the tool spindle through, so the pivot point of the pivotal tool support is below the driven tool spindle.

The tool spindle which is movable in the Y direction is in particular linearly displaceable along Y guides along the tool support, but could also be pivotable about the Z direction.

The tool support, which can be swiveled around the B-axis and on which the tool spindle can be moved, also carries additional tool holders for stationary, ie non-driven, tools, be it turning tools or boring bars.

By these tool holders for the stationary tools at fixed positions of the tool support, so not in the Y direction movable po- sitioned, reduces the structural complexity, since only the tool spindle for the driven tool in the Y direction must be designed to be movable and thus relatively low masses must be moved in the Y direction.

The tool support rotatable about the B-axis comprises at least one of the X-carriage protruding in the Y-direction and in particular after above freely ending legs, preferably two parallel juxtaposed legs.

On the inside of the one leg, which is or are facing the other leg, or on one of the outer surfaces of the single leg, the Y guides are arranged, along which the tool spindle can be moved in the Y direction.

The distance between the legs is dimensioned so that the tool spindle just fits between them.

In the presence of a single leg as well as two spaced legs, in the Y direction the contour of the tool support is an angled forward contour towards the free end of the driven tool, with the two legs in its front Have two oblique outer surfaces having an angle whose angle is less than 90 °, in particular 60 ° to 80 °.

These two inclined surfaces do not reach each other because of the existing distance between the two legs, wherein the tool spindle is mounted in the gap between the front free ends of the two legs so far forward that a rotationally drivable tool inserted therein the geometric intersection of the two slants. reach or even cover up.

One of the two legs is preferably designed as a hollow profile. On the other hand, the other limb can be designed as a curved, plate-shaped solid part, and the Y-guides for the tool spindle are located on the outside of this solid limb facing the other hollow limb. Preferably, both legs sit on a base plate which is rotatably mounted about the B-axis on the X-carriage.

The additional stationary tools, for which there may be one or more receptacles are arranged on the inclined surfaces of the legs or on the rear part of the preferably mutually parallel outer surfaces of the legs, or on the back of one or both legs. The tools can be used so that they can protrude in parallel, at an angle or in the opposite direction to the stripping direction of the driven tool from the tool support.

The rotatable around the B-axis tool support can be positioned in any rotational position, in particular automatically positioned within its pivoting range, preferably ± 80 °, better ± 90 °, better ± 100 °, better ± 110 °, starting from the Normal position in which the tool spindle is at right angles to the Z axis.

Both the B-axis and the Y-axis can be numerically controlled by the lathe control, ie NC-controlled.

The tool spindle is in addition to the use of stationary tools, in particular turning tools suitable.

A boring bar as a stationary tool is arranged, in particular, on the outside of one of the legs in a direction parallel to the direction of the tool spindle, but facing in the opposite direction, at the rear end of the outer surface of one of the legs.

The energy supply to the tool spindle takes place from the top of the tool support ago and in particular from the top of the lathe ago. For this purpose, on the free upper end of the support, in particular of the free-ending leg or an arcuate Energy chain arranged in a horizontal plane, ie in the XZ plane, in which the data and / or power lines are supplied.

The angular range of the arcuate energy chain preferably corresponds to the pivot range of the tool support.

The lathe is preferably a conventional design, ie with a horizontal axis of rotation and in particular a bed, in which the Z-guides are arranged side by side in a horizontal Z-guide plane on top of the bed.

Because of the rotatable support and Y-axis built thereupon, the X-slide becomes significantly heavier than a conventional X-slide and also projects beyond the bed of the lathe in the X direction away from the rotation axis, preferably on the front side of the bed , In particular, in the lower region, a further Z-guide arranged over which the forward freely cantilevered end of the Z-carriage is additionally supported on the bed.

c) embodiments

An embodiment according to the invention is described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

Fig. 1: a lathe according to the invention;

Fig. 2: Possible applications of the tool unit according to the invention viewed in the Y direction.

The structure of the entire lathe can be seen with reference to Figures 1 a, b and 2a. It is a horizontal bed lathe 1, in which on the horizontal upper side of an approximately cuboid bed 2 at one end a headstock 24 is seated, in which the workpiece spindle 11 is rotatably driven, which at its front end a conventional jaw chuck 26th for clamping and rotationally driving a workpiece 20 carries, which at the other end of a tailstock 27, which is also seated on top of the bed 2, is supported.

The axis of rotation of the workpiece spindle 11, the axis of rotation 10, thus extends horizontally.

On the upper side of the bed 2, in the Z-direction, that is to say in the direction of the axis of rotation 10, two conventional Z-guides 23a, b, which are prismatic in cross-section, extend on which a Z slide 3 of the tool system movable in the Z direction is and if appropriate, the tailstock 27 can be moved.

On the upper side of the Z-slide 3, a X-slide 4 movable in the X-direction, ie the horizontal transverse direction to the rotation axis 10, can be moved around the tool support 5 seated thereon with its tools to the workpiece 20 for machining and again to go back.

As shown in particular Figures 1 a and 1 b, the Z-slide 3 projects beyond the front side 2a of the bed 2, to provide a sufficient footprint for the distance to the axis of rotation 10 to be positioned tool support 5.

This free end 3a of the Z-carriage 3 is supported via an additional Z-guide 23c on the bed 2 of the lathe 11, which at the front side thereof. te 2a at a height below the two located on the horizontal upper Z-guide plane 25 Z-guides 23a, b is located.

The tool support 5, on which both a driven tool 9 and a plurality of stationary tools 8a, b are arranged, is arranged on the X-carriage 4 rotatable about the B-axis, which runs parallel to the Y-direction, and in this case from a bottom plate 15, which is arranged rotatably about the B-axis on the X-carriage 4 and from which vertically two Z-spaced legs 14a, b protrude, whose cross sections - viewed in the Y direction - approximately in the X direction run when the tool support 5 is in normal position, so with the direction of the tool spindle 6 received therein in the X direction on the workpiece 20 and the axis of rotation 10 indicative, as shown in Figures 1 a, b and 2a.

As best shown in the perspective views of Figure 2a and following, the tool support 5 has in plan view, ie in the Y direction, a front, against the axis of rotation 10 in the normal position hinweisendes tapered end in which the outer surfaces 22a, b of the two legs 14a, b, which run parallel to each other in the rear region, in its front region in successive inclined surfaces 12a, b Ü go over.

While the leg 14a facing the chuck 26 in FIG. 2, viewed in the Y direction, is a hollow profile with a straight outer side facing the other leg 14b, the other leg 14b is a solid, profiled part whose curvature corresponds to the curvature of the outer surface 22b / 12b, on the inside of which the Y-guides (not shown) for the Y-movement of the tool spindle 6 are arranged

In the intermediate space 19 between the two legs 14a, b, the tool spindle 6 is movably attached to a leg 14a in the Y direction. orders, whose axis of rotation is horizontal, in the normal position perpendicular to the axis of rotation 10 indicative.

The intermediate space 19 tapers at the end pointing to the axis of rotation 10 towards a gap 19a, which is dimensioned just large enough to accommodate the front end of the tool spindle 6, which also does not protrude beyond the tool support 5.

In the tool holder of the tool spindle 6, a driven tool 9, here a cutter used, which - depending on its length - reaches the geometric intersection of the inclined surfaces 12a, b of the support 5 or even exceeds, as best in Figures 2b and 2c to recognize.

The supply lines of power and control signals for driving the tool spindle 6 - which are shown in FIGS. 2a and following, only cut off on the tool spindle 6 - are supplied from the top side of the tool support 5, by resting on the free upper end of the legs 14a, b is mounted an arcuately horizontally revolving, so-called energy chain 22, which receives its energy supply via a boom, which leads up the power lines from the lower part of the lathe.

This energy chain 22 is - as seen in the side view of Figure 1 b - able to bend power lines with a defined bending radius and not only in one, but in two directions of curvature, so that the open side 22a in the plan, the Y-direction, considered arcuate energy chain 22 approximately to the front end of the support 5, so the tool holder of the tool spindle 6 indicates.

In addition to the rotatably drivable tool 9, which sits in the tool spindle 6 and in the Y direction is also movable as with the help of X and Z-slide 4.3 also in the other spatial directions, 5 further tool holders 7a, b ... for receiving stationary tools 8a, b are arranged on the legs 14a, b of the tool support, which also firmly positioned on the tool support 5, ie In particular, not in the Y-direction along the support can be moved, which keeps the design effort low.

The tool holders 7a, b, c are conventional prismatic guides with a horizontal direction in which a tool holder 17a, b, c can be used, which in turn only one, but mostly two in different directions of the cuboid tool holder 17a ... repellent shots for Tool heads 18a, b owns.

Thus, on the outwardly facing outer surface 22b of the profiled right leg 14b, a tool holder 7c is arranged in the rear region, the tool holder 17c of which points forward, direction of rotation 10 and parallel to the axis of rotation 10 for tool heads 18a, b attached tools 8a, b carries, which are turning tools in this case.

On the other hand, a tool holder 7a is arranged at the analogous point of the other leg 14a, on which a tool holder 17a is fixed, which has a rearward, ie in opposite Abstrebrichtung with respect to the recording in the tool spindle 6 for the driven tool 9, and in which a stationary boring bar 8 ^{* is} inserted, which protrudes over the rear end of the tool support 5, thus pointing away from the axis of rotation 10 in its normal position.

Furthermore, on the rear outer side of the leg 14a, a further tool holder 7b is present, whose course direction is thus usually parallel to the axis of rotation 10, and in which a tool holder 17b is accommodated. men who currently has no tool holder and therefore no tools.

FIGS. 2a to 2f usually show different machining situations and thus different rotational positions of the tool support 5 in the plan view-the Y direction or slightly in perspective for this purpose:

In FIG. 2 a, the tool support 5 is in its normal position, ie pointing in the X direction with the axis of rotation of the driven tool spindle 6, so that the driven tool 9 a inserted in the stationary workpiece 20 could make a cut-out in the lateral surface by moving the tool spindle 6 in FIG Y-direction, ie along the Y-guides 16a.

In FIG. 2b, the tool support 5 is pivoted about the B-axis on the X-carriage 4 counterclockwise about a positive swivel angle + β, such that the outwardly pointing inclined surface 12b of the right-hand leg 14b of the tool support 5 is almost parallel to the axis of rotation 10 , the Z-direction, lies.

As a result, the driven tool 9 protrudes obliquely to the axis of rotation 10 and can make a cutout on the circumference of the workpiece 20 and indeed very close to the clamped in the chuck 26 end of the workpiece 20, since the support 5 because of the obliquely converging inclined surfaces 12a, b very far into the inner angle between the end face of the chuck 26 and lateral surface of the workpiece 20 can drive.

If you turn the tool support 5 a little further in this direction and increases the pivot angle ß until the inclined surface 12b with its transition into the outer surface 22b closer to the axis of rotation 10 than with its front end, so instead with one of the tools 8a, b in the tool holder 7c in the rear area of this outer surface 22b sit - depending on the specific swivel angle ß - are rotated on the workpiece 20.

Since, in particular, the tool 8a is fastened very far to the rear corner of the support 5, it is possible precisely with this tool 8a also very close to the right end of the workpiece 20, which, for B. is supported by the tailstock 27 to be worked.

FIG. 2 e shows an even further rotation of the support 5 counterclockwise until the axis of rotation of the headstock 6 is parallel to the axis of rotation 10.

The then projecting in the X direction tool 8a can then also rotate the lateral surface of the workpiece 20 longitudinally.

FIG. 2 d shows the tool support 5 in the same rotational position about the B axis as in FIG. 2 e, but moved in the X direction until the axis of rotation of the tool spindle 6 is approximately on the axis of rotation 10.

The driven tool 9, again a cutter, is shown directed towards the jaw chuck 26, in which no workpiece is located.

One in the chuck 26 unilaterally held, z. B. flange-shaped workpiece could be processed in this way on its free end face of the driven tool 9 of the tool support 5.

FIG. 2f shows an even further, namely with respect to the normal position by more than 90 ° counterclockwise about the pivot angle + ß pivoted support 5, which may be necessary if, for example, with the rotary tool 8a used at the right rear end of the support 5 Shoulder on the workpiece 20 to be rotated. On the other hand, FIGS. 2g and 2h show a support 5 pivoted from the normal position into the opposite direction, that is to say by a negative swivel angle -β of -90 °, in which the axis of rotation of the tool spindle 6 again runs parallel to the axis of rotation 10, but with to the tailstock 27 indicative inserted into the tool spindle 6 tool.

In FIG. 2g, analogous to the representation of FIGS. 1a and 2a, a rotary tool 8b is inserted in the tool holder 7b on the rear side of the leg 14a of the support 5, which protrudes beyond the outer surface 22a of this leg 14a and with which the workpiece 20 is longitudinally rotated can.

The drill rod 8 and the tool holder 17 a, which carries this drill rod, are for this purpose removed from the outer surface 22 a, since otherwise the support 5 could not approach close enough to the workpiece 20.

In contrast, in FIG. 2h, the boring bar 8 ^{* is} mounted on the outside 22a by means of the tool holder 17a and moved in the X direction with the aid of the X-slide in such a way that the boring bar 8 ^{* is located} approximately on the axis of rotation 10 and thus not shown in Figure 2a - in the jaw chuck 26 clamped workpiece, which is rotationally driven by the chuck 26, could bring a central bore.

In this case, the tool holder 17b is disassembled at the back of the leg 14a.

FIG. 2i shows the special case that a stationary tool, in this case a turning tool 8c, is inserted into the tool spindle 6 which can be driven in rotation, as was already shown in FIGS. 2g and 2h. In Figure 2i, the application can be seen:

By means of such a turning tool 8c inserted in the tool spindle 6, this tool can also be in internal angles, such as on the end face of the workpiece, because of the support 5 tapering towards the front end and the tool 8c projecting above the intersection of the cut surfaces 12a, b 20 even be placed next to the tailstock, are used, which would not be possible because of the lower projection in the arrangement of the tool on one of the other tool holders 7a, b ....

These applications show that with a relatively low design effort, namely a Y-traversability of only one driven tool spindle 6 and otherwise stationary tool holders 7a, b ... On a pivotable about the B axis support a very high flexibility of the lathe is achieved and thus ultimately a very good price-performance ratio.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 lathe

2 bed

2a front side

3 Z-slides

3a free end

4 x carriages

5 tool support

6 tool spindle

7a, b tool holder

8a, b, ... Tool resting

8 ^* boring bar

9 tool driven

10 axis of rotation

11 workpiece spindle

12a, b inclined surface

13 angles

14a, b thighs

15 base plate

17a, b, c tool holder

18a, b tool head

19 gap

19a gap

20 workpiece

21 control

22 energy chain

22a, b open side

23a, b Z-leadership

24 headstock

25 Z management level 26 jaw chuck

27 tailstock ß swivel angle

X ₁ Y ₁ Z directions

B ₁ C rotation axes

Claims

1. lathe (1), with - a rotating driven workpiece spindle (11) with controlled C-axis, a bed (2), in the direction of the axis of rotation (10) movable Z-carriage (3), one on the Z-carriage (3) movable X-carriages (4), characterized in that a tool support (5) pivotable about the B-axis is arranged on the X-carriage (4) and along the tool support (5) in Y Direction movable a driven tool spindle (6) is arranged.

2. Lathe according to claim 1, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the tool spindle (6) in the Y direction along the tool support (5) movable, in particular linearly movable, is.

3. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that on the tool support (6) additionally fixed tool holders (7 a, b, ...) for non-rotating tools (8 a, b) are present, the in particular in the Y direction are firmly positioned.

4. lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the tool holders (7 a, b) for non-rotating tools (8 a, b) on the tool support (5) on the side facing away from the tool spindle (6) are arranged.

5. Lathe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that viewed in the Y direction in the receptacles (7 a, b) for stationary tools (8 a, b, ...) tools (8 a, b) protrude at an angle to the tool spindle (6) or protrude in the opposite direction.

6. lathe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, dad u rch NEN sign that the tool support (5) viewed in the Y direction has a contour, its outer surface to the front, ie the workpiece (20) or the driven tool (9) pointing towards tapered inclined surfaces (12a, b), in particular at an angle (13) of less than 90 °, preferably from 70 ° to 80 ° to each other.

7. lathe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken characterized in that the tool support (5) viewed in the Y direction at least one forward, the workpiece (20) out, ie in the direction of the driven tool to be used ( 9), tapered legs (14a).

8. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool support (5) protrudes from a base plate (15) in the Y direction and has two legs (14a, b) spaced apart from each other. Guide (16a, b) for the tool spindle (6) on the one leg (14b) on the other leg (14a) facing side is arranged.

9. lathe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken characterized in that the one leg (14 a) viewed in the Y direction is a hollow profile and the other leg (14 b) is a curved profiled solid part.

10. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the tool holders (7 a, b) for stationary tools (8 a, b) on the outer sides of the legs (14 a, b) are arranged, in particular at one or both of the outer inclined surfaces (12a, b) with forwardly facing tools (8a, b) or pointing away from the inclined surfaces (12a, b) tools and at the rear end of the outer surfaces (22a, b) in particular in the opposite direction to the driven tool (9) in the tool spindle (6) projecting tools (8a, b).

11. Lathe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the tool holders (7 a, b) for fixed tools (8 a, b) Universal recordings are for receiving tool holders (17 a, b), from which the tool heads (18a, b) protrude in different directions.

12. lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the tool spindle (6) for inserting non-rotating tools (8 a, b), in particular rotary tools, is suitable.

A lathe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the B-axis and Y-axis are numerically controlled by the controller (21) of the lathe (1).

14. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the tool support (5) to the B-axis by at least +/- 80 °, better +/- 90 °, better +/- 100 ° , better +/- 110 ° is pivotable.

15. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that one of the stationary tools (8 a, b), in particular in the opposite direction to the tool spindle (6) rearwardly projecting tool (8 ^* ), a boring bar ( 19).

16. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the power supply to the tool spindle (6) on the side facing away from the Y-side guide in the space (19) between the two legs (14 a, b) in the tool support (5) result.

17. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the power supply to the tool spindle (6) from the top of the tool support (5) and in particular via a gallows.

18. lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that on the top of the tool support (5) viewed in the Y direction arcuate energy chain (22) whose angular range corresponds to the pivoting range of the tool support (5), arranged.

19. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the Z-guides (23 a, b, c) for the Z-carriage (24) on the upper side of the bed (2) are arranged and in particular on the front side (2a) of the bed (2) there is a further guide (23c) for the Z carriage (3) on which the free end (3a) of the Z carriage (3) projecting in the direction of view is supported.

20. Lathe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that the tool spindle (6) with its front end in the gap (19 a) between see the front ends of the two legs (14 a, b) sits and In particular, this fills in the Y direction.

21. Lathe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken characterized in that the tool spindle (6) in the tool support (5) is positioned so far forward that the driven tool (9) inserted therein the geometrischer ren meeting point of Sloping surfaces (12a, b) at least achieved, in particular exceeds.

22. Lathe (1) according to one of the preceding claims, dad u rch geken nzeichnet that viewed in the Y direction, the tool spindle (6) in the tool support (5) is positioned so far forward that the driven tool inserted therein the geometric meeting place of Sloping surfaces (14a, b) at least achieved, in particular exceeds.