Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/22—Piles
  • E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
  • E02D5/523—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments composed of segments

Definitions

• Concrete piles are typically used for deep piling foundations which are used when the upper boil layers are not suitable for accommodating a shallow foundation Piles are often preferred over shallow foundations when the bearing capacity of the ground is weak in relation to the construction, which the foundation should support
• the piles are driven into the ground by using a pile driver or hammer or the like
• the piles penetrate ihe soft upper soil layers and embed in the lower, more rigid lower soil layers
• the piles are intended for embedment deep into the ground for providing a stable foundation for various structures such as buildings, bridges and similar constructions
• the concrete piles are typically reinforced concrete piles, which are cast in standardized lengths For reaching further into the ground than the standardized lengths the piles are fixated together end to end for achieving a total length greater than the standardized lengths
• a coupling device is used The coupling device is typically integrated into the end of the concrete
• Such a pile foundation as described above may e g be used in soil layers at or near bodies of water such as near Jakes or near the ocean It is thus contemplated that the piles, which are embedded into the ground, may be subjected to a large amount of water The water may penetrate the pile, in particular at locations where the piles have been joined Such water penetrating the joints between the p'ies may cause rust and may eventually cause the pile to break which will reduce the stability of the overlying construction The penetrating water may also freeze at a later time when subjected to lower temperatures and cause damage to the pile There 1 S consequently a need for technologies for avoiding water penetration into the joints between two opposing piles
• the two opposing piles are typically coupled by applying a coupling device having a flat metal plate at the end of the opposing piles
• the opposing coupling devices typically comprise reciprocal coupling elements, which may interact to provide a rigid fixation between the two opposing piles
• the fixation must be rigid enough for sustaining the very large forces applied to the coupling device during piling i e the fixation must endure repeated hammering without breaking
• One example of such a coupling dev>ce may be found in the European patent application EP 1 127 195, in which a coupling device comprises a pair of loopholes which are fixated to a pair of opposing loopholes of an opposing coupling device by a pm
• a further example can be found in trie European patent application EP 0 891 454 in which a coupling device having a mate coupling element comonsing a protruding cylinder snap-fit interlocks with an opposing coupling device having a female coupling element having a receiving cavity
• a first aspect of the present invention obtained by a method for joining two conciete piles together at their respective opposing ends by providing a pair of opposing coupling devices at the opposing ends each of tne coupling devsces comprising a flat base plate defining a rear surface juxtaposed the pile, an opposite front surface and a periphery substantially concurrent with the end periphery of the pile at least one reinforcement bar piotrudmg into the pile from the rear surface and integrally cast into the pile and a support flange extend.ng from the periphery of the base plate, perpendicular to the rea r surface and towards the pile the support flange defining an aperture at a specific distance from the front surface the aperture having a specific diameter at least one of the pair of coupling devices comprising a female coupling element def. ⁇ mg a receptor cavity in the front surface and a protrusion from the rear surface adjacent to the aperture
• the concrete piSes should be prefabricated concrete piles such as reinforced concrete piles which are provided in lengths between appro* 4 m and approx 20 m
• the piles are driven into the ground by a pile driver comprising a hammer or the like
• An example of a suitable pile driver may be found in the European patent applications 0 392 311 and 0 984 105
• the pile driver forces the pile into the ground by the use of a repeated hammering action
• a further pile may be positioned on top of the first pile, thereby enabling the total pile length to extend deeoer into the ground Often more than two piles must be joined together for reaching to a suitable depth into the ground
• the piles must be drivers mere than 50 m into the ground such as 80 m into the ground and since a singie pile typically cannot be longer than about 20 m, several piles must be connected and driven into the ground Piles longer than 20 m would require unsuitably large pile drivers and would additionally cause logistic problems smee they
• a coupling devire is provided at each end of the opposing pile
• the coupling device is cast into the pile already during manufacture of the pile itself
• the piles are factory cast and subsequently delivered to the installation site
• the coupling device comprises the flat base plate for defining a substantially flat and stable front surface being the contact area between the two opposing piles In this way the weight resting on the pile will be distributed over the complete surface of the base piate
• the reinforcement bar extending from the rear surface of the base plate and the support flange prevent any substantial movement of the base plate both during and after installation
• the periphery of the base piate should be substantially concurrent with the end periphery of the pile for allowing a stable and secure foundation and proper weight distribution
• the opposing base plates should be aligned io transfer the weight of the ovei lying structures downwardly An/ misalignment may increase the risk of installation failure or a later foundation faiiure, which may in the worst case cause the overlying structure to collapse
• the female coupling element comprises a receptor cavity which is adapted to receive the male coupling element comprising a cylindrical protrusion
• the female coupling element should accommodate the male coupling element of tne opposing coupling device When the lower pile has been driven into the ground the upper pile is positioned on top of the lower pile so that the male coupling element of one of tne coupling devices is accommodated inside the cavity of the female coupling element of the other coupling device or vice versa
• the coupling elements constitutes round cylinders which are simple to manufacture compared to manufacturing square shaped structures as in the prior art technology described above
• the female and male coupling elements should be positioned on the flat base plate in a symmetrical pattern for allowing the opposing base plates to be juxtaposed without any overlapping or misalignment
• the coupling elements should be placed a certain distance from the periphery of the base plate and should consequently not have any contact with the periphery of the base ptate Tho support flange extends from the pei iphery of
• a tube is attached fluid-tight between the aperture and the first hole and a hollow plug is attached fluid tight to the second hole, respectively
• the tube and a hollow plug should be made of flexible materia!, providing a smooth and fluid-tight connection between the aperture and the hollow plug Consequently, water from the outs de cannot penetrate the end part of the pile and concrete cannot penetrate the receptor cavity of the female coupling element Water penetrating the end part of the pile may cause corrosion as well as frost damages if the penetrating water freezes Concrete entering the receptor cavity will render the coupling element useless, since the female coupling element will not be able to accommodate the male coupling element
• Tne channel resulting from assembling the coupling devices is typically filled with grease such as consistent grease or the like
• the grease will simplify the insertion of the locking pin as well as prevent any water from entering the coupling device t ⁇ rough the aperture
• the locking pin should fit inside the channel for preventing the assembled opposing coupling devices from disassembling
• One locking pin should be inserted in each male-female assembled pair of coupling elements AIi parts of the coupling device, except the tube and the holiow plug should be made of rigid material capable of withstanding the forces subjected to the pile from the overlying structures
• the locking pin is preferably hammered into the aperture so that it is suitably fixated by the friction inside t ⁇ e channel
• the outwardly end of the locking pin preferably forms an even surface with the support flange for avoiding any damage on the contact pin due to friction with the ground when the pile is being d ⁇ ven into the ground
• the base plate reinforcement bar support flange, female coupling element and male coup! ng element are made of iron or an iron alloy such as steel
• the coupling device except the tubular and hollow bodies is preferably made of iron or an iron alley such as steel due to the great rigidity needed for supporting the foundation
• the flexible material of the tube and the hollow piug constitutes a polymeric material such as plastic
• the tube and the hollow plug are preferably made of a plastic material, since piasuc materials aie durable and flexible for allowing a fluid-tight connection
• the locking pin and the hollow plug comp ⁇ se locking elements for snap-fit interlocking with each other
• the hollow plug may comp ⁇ se locking elements so that when the locking pin is inserted in the channel and the tip of the locking pin enters the hollow plug, the hollow plug snaos around the tip for preventing the locking pin from leaving the channel In this way it may be ensured that the locking pin does not fall out of the channel, e g during hammering
• the tuoe and the hollow plug extend partially into the receptor cavity for snap-fit interlocking with the duct of the opposing coupling device Tne tube and the hollow plug may extend partially into the receptor cavity at the first and second hole, respectively, for snap-fitting and locking with the male coupling element of the opposing coupling device
• a smooth transition between the first and second coupling dev.ce is achieved, thereby simplifying the insertion of the locking pin
• the gap - if any - between the first and male coupling element, viz between the first hole and the duct is sealed, preventing any liquid or fluid between the first and male coupling elements
• the base plate defines an area of about 30 x 30 cm and the p ⁇ e has a length of about 4-20 m
• the typical size of a coupling device used for construction purposes is about 30 cm x 30 cm i e a square shape
• the typical length of a pile is about 4 to 20 m Longer piles are not feasible due to limitations in the height of the pile driver and due to logistic limitations
• each of the opposing coupling elements comprises the female coupling element, the tube, the hollow oiug the locking pin and the male coupling element
• the cylindrical duct of the male coupling device is exien ⁇ mg perpen ⁇ icuiar to the passage of the female coupling device or, alternatively the cylindrical duct of the male coupling device is extending in parallel to the passage of the female coupling device
• a square coupling device s used having a square base plate Consequently, the support flange comprises four side surfaces
• the duct of the male coupling element is perpendicular to the channel of the female coupling element of the same coupling device so that the opposing coupling device should be turned 90 degrees for being juxtaposed the first coupling device In this way, ihe locking pins of the opposing coupling device are perpendicular to the locking pins of the first coupling device This way two different orientations are possible
• the coupling devices are arranged so that all contact pins have the same orientation In this way only one orientation is possible
• each of the coupling devices comprises a plurality of female coupling elements and a plurality of male coupling elements, such as two female coupling elements and two male coupling elements for each coupling device
• the coupling device comprises two coupling elements of tie first type and two corresponding coupling elements of the second type
• the first and male coupling elements should De distributed on the base plate in a symmetrical pattern, e g have the same distance from tne central point of the coupling device to the respective peripheries of the base plates
• the two respective male and female coupling elements are located in a crossover pattern, t e in opposite corners of the base plate in relation to each other
• the male coupling element constitutes a removable part, which may be inserted into the reception cavity of the female coupling device
• the coupling device may be manufactured with only female coupling elements, and some, i e half, of the female coupling elements may be transformed to male coupling elements by using a removable male coupling device part
• a second aspect of the present invention obtained by a system comprising two concrete piles joined together at their respective opposing ends by a pair of opposing coupling devices at the opposing ends, each of the coupling devices compnsing a flat base plate defining a rear surface juxtaposed the pile, an opposite front surface and a periphery substantially concurrent with the end periphery of the pile for juxtaposing the front surfaces of the pair of coupling devices so that the peripheries are concurrent, at least one reinforcement bar protruding into the pile from the rear surface and integrally cast into the DiIe, and a support flange extending from the periphery of the base plate, perpendicular to the rear surface and towards the pile, the support flange defining an aperture at a specific distance from the front surface, the aperture having a specific diameter, at least one of the pair of coupling devices comprising a female coupling element defining a receptor cavity in the front
• Fig 1 is a pile system having opposing coupling devices
• Fig 2 is a perspective view of a pair of opposing coupling devices
• Fig 3 is a cutout view of a pair of opposing coupling devices
• FIG 1 A shows a pile system 10 comprising a pair of opposing uppor and lower piles 12, 12 , each having a respective upper and lower coupling device 14 14' Tne coupling devices 14, 14' are of a first type configuration
• the upper coupling device 14 is accommodated on an upper pile 12 and the lower coupling device 14' is accommodated on a lower pile 12
• the piles constitute reinforced concrete piles of a length of about 10 m and a cross-section area of about 30 x 30 cm
• the lower pile *2' has been driven into the ground by means of a hydraulic nammer
• the upper and lower coupling devices 14, 14' are frmJy fixated to their respective piles 12, 14 and assume opposing flat front surfaces 16 16
• the coupling devices 14, 14' each comprises a substantially flat base plate 20 and a support flange 22 extending inwardly and constituting a sleeve covering the end part of the pile 12 12'
• the coupling devices 14, 14' further compose a pair of
• Fig 1 B shows a pile system 10' simitar to the pile system 10 of Fig. 1A 1 however, having a different type configuration.
• the coupling device 14" of the present embodiment has the male coupling elements 26 at the two respective corners which define the same side of the base plate 20, and the two female coupling elements 24 at the corners defining the opposite side of the base piate 20.
• the opposite lower coupling device 14'" has corresponding female and male coupling elements 24, 26
• the present type configuration enables one pre-assembly position.
• Fig. 1C shows a pile system 10" being similar to the pile system 10 of Fig 1A, however, having a third type configuration.
• the upper coupling device 14 IV comprises four male coupling elements 26, which are located at each of the corners of the base plate 20,
• the lower coupling device 14 V has corresponding female coupling elements 24 for accommodating the male coupling elements 26 of the upper coupling device 14 iv
• the present type configuration has the drawback of needing two fundamentally different coupling devices 14 IV , 14 V , one having only female coupling elements 24 and one having only male coupling elements 26. Thereby the risk of an accidental incorrect pre-assembly position increases, e.g. the risk of occasionally having two opposite coupling devices of the same kind.
• Fig. I D shows a pile system 10"' being similar to the pile system 10" of Fig. 1C, however, having a fourth type configuration.
• both the upper coupling device 14 VI and the lower coupling device 14 V " comprise only female coupling elements 24.
• the male coupling elements 26' comprise loose male coupling element parts, which may be inserted into the female coupling elements 26 of one of the coupling devices, thereby transforming the female coupling elements into male coupling elements. The risk of an incorrect pre-assembly position as discussed above in relation to Fig. 1 C is thus decreased
• Fig. 2A shows an upper coupling device 14 and lower coupling device 14' before being joined together.
• the lower coupling device 14' has two male coupling elements 26 located at opposing corners on the base plate 20 and protruding outwardly, At th ⁇ other opposing corners of the base plate 20 two female coupling elements are located .
• the male coupling elements 26 constitute circular cylindrical piotrusions protruding outwardly in relation to the front surface of the base plate 20
• the male coupling element 26 has a circular duct 28 penetrating the cylindrical surface of the male coupling element 26 at a centralized location and a certain distance of about 1 err above the front surface
• the female coupling element 24 defines a receptor cavity in the front surface having an inner shape for fitting a maie coupling element 26
• the female coupling element 24 protrudes at the rear surface of the base plate 20 and defines a first and a second hole (not shown) which defines a channel intersecting the receptor cavity of the female coupling element 24 at a centralized location and about 1/2 cm from the rear surface
• the female coupling element extends from the rear surface about 2 c ⁇ i, which is equal to the distance, in which the support flange 22 extends
• the support flange 22 has an aperture 30, which is in registration witn the first and second hole ⁇ not shown) of the female coupling element 24
• Fig 2B shows the two opposing upper and lower coupling devices 14 14 , when they are assembled, the front surfaces
• FIG 3A shows a cut out view of the coupling devices of Fig 2A
• a tube 36 is provided between the aperture 30 and the first hole 38
• the tube 36 is made of plastic material and provides a fluid-tight connection between the aperture 30 and the receptor cavity 18 defined by the female coupling element 24
• the tuoe has an interior passage having a dimension corresponding to the previously mentioned cylindrical duct of the rnaie coupling element 26
• the space defined inside the base ptate 20 and the support flange 22 will be filled with concrete and constitute the end part of the pile
• the tube- 36 prevents any concrete from entering the receptor cavity 18 via the first hole 38 during casting
• the tube 36 further prevents concrete from escaping through the aperture 30
• the tube 36 will as well prevent water from the outside penetrating the end part of the pile
• the oppositely located second hole 40 is connected to a hollow
• Fig 3B shows a cut-out view of the two opposing upper and lower coupling devices 14 14 when they are assembled as shown in Fig 2B
• the male coupling elements 26 are received within the receptor cavity 18 of the female coupling elements 24, and a channel is defined from the aperture 30 via the tube 26 the first hole 38 the duct 28, the second hole 40 to the hollow plug 42
• the locking pin 32 is inserted into the channel for fixating the male and female coupling elements 24, 26 in relation to each other, thereby fixating the upper and lower coupling devices 14 14'
• the channel is typically filled with grease such as consistence grease for preventing any water from entering the channel when the pile is embedded in the ground
• Fig 3C shows a close-up view of the tube 46
• the tube is sealed fluid-tight at the aperture 30 of the support flange 22 and at the first hole 38 of the female coupling element 24
• the tube 46 comprises a locking flange 44 extending through the first hole into the receptor cavity of the female coupling element 24 for providing a sealed and smooth transition between the first hole 38 of the female coupling element 24 and the duct 28 of the male coupling element 26, when the coupling devices have been juxtaposed T he hollow plug ⁇ not shown here) is fitted with similar locking flanges 44 for providing a sealed and smooth connection between the second hole and the hollow plug
• the dashed line in the figure represents a pierceable membrane, which is a part of the pierceable cap
• the pierceable memb r ano prevents concrete from entering the channel
• the pierceable membrane of tne tube 36 is ruptured by ⁇ vmg the locking pin
• the pierceable membrane constitutes a plastic membrane having slits, which are closed while the concrete pile 12 is cast to the coupling device
• the pierceable cap may be omitted and the pipe being a part of the hollow plug 42 may be provided with a non-pierceable cap whereas the pipe being a
• 15 part of the tube 36 may be left open towards the aperture 30

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-12-23 EP EP08022355A patent/EP2204498A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-12-22 EP EP09795785.6A patent/EP2382357B1/de active Active
  • 2009-12-22 WO PCT/EP2009/067763 patent/WO2010072772A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-12-22 DK DK09795785.6T patent/DK2382357T5/da active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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