EP2378611B1 - Procédé destiné à la fabrication de câbles dotés de conducteurs en aluminium - Google Patents
Procédé destiné à la fabrication de câbles dotés de conducteurs en aluminium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2378611B1 EP2378611B1 EP10305380.7A EP10305380A EP2378611B1 EP 2378611 B1 EP2378611 B1 EP 2378611B1 EP 10305380 A EP10305380 A EP 10305380A EP 2378611 B1 EP2378611 B1 EP 2378611B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- connection part
- tool
- section
- conductors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an electrical cable with a conductor made of copper or aluminum, which has a plurality of strands of copper or aluminum or consists thereof, particularly preferably within an insulation comprising the conductors or the strands, and a cohesive with the lead made of copper or aluminum connecting part which consists of a copper material, for example of copper or an alloy, eg Brass.
- the invention relates to the electrical cable produced by the method according to the invention, which has one or more conductors made of aluminum or copper and a cohesively connected conductor, in particular a connecting part of a copper material.
- the DE 19908031 B4 describes the joining of a cable, the aluminum strands are bordered with a support sleeve by welding with a copper connector by friction welding. By pressing the support sleeve, which are arranged around the aluminum strands, before or during the friction welding, a solid cylinder of aluminum is to be produced, whose end face is welded to the copper material.
- the US 2,806,215 shows a connecting piece of copper material, which is connected by a cable with aluminum strands, that the aluminum strands are first bordered with an aluminum sleeve over which in turn slid and pressed an aluminum sleeve, which has a welded copper connector.
- the DE 620829 describes making a butt bond between aluminum conductors and copper, melting the lower melting point metal in a muffle and pressing in the higher melting point metal there.
- the DE 1031448 describes a method for welding a copper wire with an aluminum body having a bore smaller than the copper wire, under electrical tension, wherein the aluminum is melted.
- the invention has as its object to provide an alternative method according to claim 1 for contacting conductors with a connector made of a copper material, and a with the method obtainable alternative cable according to claim 7 with conductors which are connected to a connecting part of copper material.
- the invention solves the above object with the features of the claims and in particular by a method for producing a cohesive connection, or by a method for producing an electrical cable, in which one or more conductors, which are made of copper or preferably of aluminum, characterized with a connection part of a copper material, in particular a solid or of strands in a sleeve existing portion of a connection part, are materially connected, that the connection part is pressed in the axial direction against the or the aluminum conductor substantially.
- the conductor or conductors are enclosed in a first tool whose inner first cross section is smaller than or equal to the cross section of the sum of the conductors of the cable and the first tool receives the conductor or conductors directly in an adjacent to its cross-sectional opening portion, in particular without a or the conductor surrounding sleeve.
- the first tool subsequent to its first section, which directly adjoins its cross-sectional opening and receives the conductors, has a second section, the cross-section of which is sufficient to hold the insulation surrounding the conductors, and preferably has in the second Section a cross section less than or equal to the total cross-section of conductor and a comprehensive insulation to enclose the insulation form-fitting.
- the reference to a conductor comprises copper conductors and in particular aluminum conductors, also a plurality of conductors which are copper strands and in particular aluminum strands, since the invention equally for producing the integral connection of the connection part, in particular in the section adjacent to the conductor is solid or has in a sleeve pressed-in strands, with a solid conductor and with a variety of strands, in particular of aluminum, is suitable.
- Aluminum conductors may consist essentially of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy, for example aluminum mixed with iron and / or magnesium.
- the term of the connection part refers in particular to the section of the connection part adjoining the conductor.
- the first inner cross section of the first tool has, in the first section, in which the conductors are positively and / or non-positively engaged, preferably a larger cross-sectional area than the connecting part.
- the conductor, or a plurality of stranded conductors which are taken in accordance with the preferred embodiment representative of copper strands as aluminum conductors or aluminum strands, positively and / or non-positively held in a first tool, preferably the conductors directly to the inner Surface of the first tool abut, or are not surrounded by a sleeve.
- the conductors can be arranged in the open state of the first tool between the mold halves. In the closed state of the first tool, the conductors are held by the first tool against the axial force acting on the aluminum conductors, which is exerted by the connector on the aluminum conductors, while the connector is moved axially against the aluminum conductors.
- the first tool substantially surrounds the aluminum conductor (s) in a positive and / or non-positive manner, the movement of the connecting part against the aluminum conductors results in a displacement of a part of the material of the aluminum conductors, because the clear cross-sectional area of the first tool is slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of the connecting part is pressed from the portion of the opening of the first tool, which is not filled by the connecting part.
- the pressing is carried out according to the invention preferably by a substantially, preferably exclusively, linear movement of the conductor and connecting part against each other, or of the first and second tool against each other on a common axis, which is arranged in particular the longitudinal axis of the conductor and on the at least the portion of the connecting part being pressed against the ladder.
- For guiding and pressing of the connecting part of this is positively and / or non-positively held in a second tool which surrounds the connection part at least partially directly non-positively and / or positively, or surrounds its peripheral insulation.
- the pressing of the connecting part in a conductor of strands is preferably carried out by pressing the connecting part over a length of up to 20mm, in particular for up to 12mm or 10mm in the strands, especially aluminum strands, measured before pressing, wherein the material of the strands over this length is displaced from the connector.
- connection part is arranged on the same axis as the entirety of the conductors, and accordingly preferably the receiving recesses of the first tool and of the second tool are arranged on a common axis.
- the adjacent to the aluminum conductor portion or portion of the connecting part is preferably made of copper material, in particular copper, a copper alloy, for example brass, and is particularly preferably at least in the section rod-shaped and solid, in which he contacts the aluminum conductor, more preferably at least partially in the region with which it is introduced into the first tool and pressed against the aluminum conductors, optionally additionally in the area in which it is held in the second tool.
- the connecting part may have a self-contained end face, with which it is pressed against the aluminum conductors, and may optionally be hollow at least in sections thereafter.
- the connecting part preferably has a rod-shaped portion which is introduced into the first tool during pressing against the aluminum conductors.
- the connecting part can, in particular in the rod-shaped portion which adjoins the aluminum conductors during the method and in the manufactured cable, have a round or angular cross-section, and / or have on its outer side axial and / or radial grooves.
- the connecting part, or the portion of the connecting part, which is connected to the conductor preferably has a solid end face and is preferably made of solid copper material.
- this section of the connecting part consist of strands of copper or copper material, which are covered by a sleeve made of copper or copper material, in particular by a pressed-on sleeve, wherein particularly preferably the end face is a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis arranged cut surface of the strands, the flush of the sleeve is bordered.
- the portion of the connecting part as a stranded copper strands comprising a conductor made of aluminum or aluminum strands
- connection part is at least in a section adjacent to the aluminum conductors substantially cylindrical and may be part of a connection part of the cable, for example, at the end, which lies opposite the aluminum conductor, a cable lug, a ring or an eyelet and thus a piece form or be connected by clamping, crimping or welding.
- the aluminum conductors are located in the first tool and protrude maximally to the axial opening thereof, so as to press portions of the aluminum conductors over the opening during insertion of the copper-made connector held by the second tool into the first tool to avoid the first tool.
- the aluminum conductors could interfere with the press-fitting of the connection part in the first tool.
- the inventive method is advantageous because a cohesive connection between the aluminum conductor and connector can be made in a single operation and has tended that by pressing the connector of copper material in the first tool in the form-locking and / or non-positively held aluminum conductor contacting in Essentially all aluminum conductor takes place, even if this example Strands are.
- a connecting part perpendicular to the cross section of the recording of the first tool in the aluminum conductor, i. Coaxial with the aluminum conductor (s), a materially bonded contacting of substantially all the aluminum conductors by the connecting part takes place. This is currently attributed to the fact that during the pressing in, any oxide layer on the aluminum conductors is displaced from the connecting part.
- the aluminum conductor (s) and / or the connecting piece of copper material are heated before or during the pressing of the connecting part into the aluminum conductors, preferably to a temperature below the melting temperature of the aluminum.
- the portions of the aluminum conductors and / or the connection part held in a tool and / or the first and / or the second tool are contacted by respective opposite poles of a current source so that they are in contact with the conductor of Electricity flowing through.
- the conductor is heated to a temperature in the range of its softening temperature, for example in the case of aluminum conductors to 580 to 650 ° C.
- the first and second tools are opened, preferably by radial movement of mold halves.
- a by pressing out of conductor material, e.g. aluminum, from the first tool around the connection part resulting burr or slug can be removed.
- the cables produced by the method according to the invention are characterized in that the connection between conductors made of copper, preferably of aluminum, and connecting part is formed directly in a boundary layer, in which the conductors meet the connecting part.
- Electrical cables according to the invention therefore comprise a conductor made of copper, preferably of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, which preferably consists of a multiplicity of strands, and a copper-made connection piece bonded axially to the conductor, wherein the conductor adjacent to the connection member preferably without a comprehensive sleeve cohesively connected to the connection part.
- a cable produced by the method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the connection part and the conductors in a boundary layer are joined directly to one another.
- the connecting part can have a completely or sectionally flat end face which is inclined at an angle of e.g. 10 ° to 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the section pressed against the conductor portion of the connecting part is inclined to form a larger interface between the connecting part and conductors.
- the cable according to the invention at the end, on which the connecting part is arranged consists of a stranded conductor, which is at a distance from the connection part of an insulation, and the materially connected to the front end connecting part, wherein the stranded conductor of copper strands, preferably of aluminum strands consists.
- the attachment may optionally be located in a portion of conductor material adjacent to the conductors, e.g. aluminum, e.g. was displaced from the conductor during pressing by the connection part.
- Connection part need not have a special shape and, for. do not have to be rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis of the conductor or connecting part, since the pressing takes place solely by moving the connecting part and the conductor against each other to produce the cohesive connection in a boundary layer.
- an electrical cable can be produced, which has one or more conductors, in particular made of copper or aluminum, which are terminally materially connected to the connection part, wherein more preferably no sleeve is arranged around the conductors, since the conductors during pressing for the production of the connection between conductors and connecting part of the first tool positively and / or non-positively includes. Therefore, the method allows easier connection between lead and lead conductors than those methods which require the stranded conductors to be encased with a sleeve that becomes part of the cable.
- a cable according to the invention can have a terminal connection, for example of copper material, connected in a materially connected manner , which is partially surrounded by conductor material, such as aluminum.
- the cross-sectional area of the portion of the connecting part adjoining the conductors is only slightly smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first tool in the region between the axial cross-sectional opening of the tool and the region in which the conductors are held, and / or in the region, in which the conductors are held, so that the cohesive connection is present or generated substantially along the end face of the connecting part.
- the end face of the connecting part may be flat or curved, preferably convex, and may optionally be rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the connecting part.
- a flat end surface of the connecting part is preferably arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis or may be a surface which is inclined at an angle of less than 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the portion of the connecting part, for example at an angle of 20 ° - 80 °, preferably 30 ° -60 °.
- a convex end face may be conical or frusto-conical in shape, have an elliptical cross-section along the longitudinal axis or consist of converging flat surfaces, eg 3 to 8 faces.
- FIG. 1 shows a first tool 1 and a second tool 2 in each closed state, the receiving recesses are arranged on a common axis.
- the first tool 1 may consist of a first mold half 1a and a second mold half 1b, which are movable radially to the longitudinal axis of the receiving recess to open the first tool 1.
- the second tool 2 can also consist of two tool halves 2a, 2b, which can be moved radially relative to one another.
- aluminum conductors 10 are positively enclosed, wherein the first tool 1 in a first section 3, the conductor 10 directly summarizes.
- the first section 3 of the first tool 1 extends to the cross-sectional opening 4 or to a distance from the cross-sectional opening 4 of the first tool 1, which spans this in the closed state.
- the first tool 1 has a second section 5, in which the first tool 1 comprises the conductor 10 surrounded by a peripheral insulation 11 in a positive and / or non-positive manner.
- the connecting part 20 is at least partially positively and / or non-positively comprises by a second tool 2 and protrudes from the second tool 2.
- connection part 20 is generally preferably symmetrical in the section in which it projects beyond the second tool 2 in the direction of the first tool 1, for example with a square cross section or with a round cross section.
- the connecting part 20 preferably has a planar face on, or as in FIG. 1 is shown, a convex or provided with a circumferential chamfer face.
- the first and the second tool 1,2 are moved against each other while they hold conductor 10 or connector 20, preferably conductor 10 and connector 20 are heated.
- conductors 10 or connection part 20 e.g. The conductor 10 and the first tool 1 or the connecting part 20 and the second tool 2 each flowed through by current.
- connection part 20 is guided through the cross-sectional opening 4 of the first tool 1 and pressed in the axial direction against the conductor 10.
- FIG. 2 shows the state of the along the common axis of the receiving recesses against each other moved first and second tools 1, 2, in which the connecting part 20 is partially pressed within the first tool 1 against the conductor 10.
- a cohesive connection between the conductors 10 and the connecting part 20 is produced, in particular in the region of the end face of the connecting part 20, while displaced from the first tool 1 conductor material, such as aluminum, a ridge or slug 12 between the first and second tool 1,2 can form.
- both tools 1, 2 can be opened and the cable, the conductor 10 of which is connected in a materially bonded manner to a connection part 20, can be removed.
- a ridge 12 is preferably removed before or after opening the first and / or second tool 1,2.
- the cross-sectional area of the portion of the connecting part 20 which is guided into the receiving recess of the first tool 1 is preferably slightly smaller than the clear cross-sectional area of the receiving opening of the first tool 1, in particular as the cross-sectional area of the first portion 3 of the first tool 1.
- the radial distance between the connection part 20 and the receiving recess of the first tool 1 then forms the gap, can escape from the end face of the connecting part 20 through the material of the conductor 10, which is displaced against the conductor 10 during the pressing of the connecting part 20.
- such a durable cohesive connection between a solid aluminum conductor or a stranded conductor, preferably made of aluminum, and a closed end connection piece is produced from a copper material which achieves the tensile strength of the conductor, e.g. in aluminum ladders.
- the cables were produced by the method according to the invention by pressing the connecting part into the aluminum strands.
- the cut was made with a water-cooled diamond cutting disc parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conductor.
- the sections were optionally etched in 3% NaOH, 60 ° C (for aluminum) or 10% Al sulfate (for copper) for microscopic photographs.
- FIG. 3 shows a micrograph of the connecting portion of the existing of aluminum strands (A199.7) conductor (in the lower part of the picture) and of the solid copper material E-Cu57 F30 existing portion of the connecting part (upper image portion). It is clear that the connection part is connected in an interface cohesively with the aluminum strands, wherein the interface is determined by the roughness or surface geometry of the connection part of the copper material.
- the aluminum strands are pressed outward in the edge region, which is currently attributed to the pressing out of the aluminum from the tool by means of the connecting part.
- the aluminum strands are arranged parallel to each other and protrude substantially to the interface.
- FIG. 4 shows the connecting portion of the portion of a connecting part, which consists of copper strands (E-Cu58) with a circumferentially pressed sleeve, with a solid aluminum conductor (A199.7).
- the aluminum conductor shown in the upper half of the picture is bordered in an interface with the copper strands of the connecting part, which are shown in the lower half of the picture, the interface being determined by the copper strands.
- the copper strands are folded over adjacent to their common face and show between the copper strands penetrated aluminum.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un câble électrique qui présente au moins un conducteur (10) et une partie de raccordement (20) fixée axialement au conducteur (10), en matériau à base de cuivre, comprenant l'étape consistant à presser la partie de raccordement (20) contre le conducteur (10), qui se compose d'une pluralité de fils et qui est entouré par engagement par correspondance géométrique et/ou par force dans un évidement de réception dans une première portion (3) d'un premier outil (1) directement par le premier outil (1), qui est directement adjacent à, ou situé à distance de, l'ouverture en section transversale (4) du premier outil (1) et la partie de raccordement (20) étant déplacée essentiellement exclusivement le long de l'axe du conducteur (10) contre le conducteur (10), caractérisé en ce que le conducteur (10) et la partie de raccordement (20), pendant le pressage de la partie de raccordement (20) contre le conducteur (10), lors du contact du conducteur (10) avec la partie de raccordement (20), sont parcourus par un courant et sont chauffés au maximum jusqu'à la température de ramollissement du conducteur (10).
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie de raccordement (20) est guidée dans l'évidement de réception du premier outil (1) et est pressée contre le conducteur (10), la partie de raccordement (20) présentant une plus faible surface en section transversale que la surface en section transversale intérieure de l'évidement de réception du premier outil (1).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur (10) se compose de fils en aluminium, en un alliage d'aluminium et/ou en un matériau à base de cuivre.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie de raccordement (20) est retenue en partie dans un deuxième outil (2) par engagement par force et/ou par engagement par correspondance géométrique et fait saillie au-delà du deuxième outil (2) par une portion qui est déplacée au moins en partie dans l'évidement de réception d'un premier outil (1) jusqu'à ce que la surface frontale de la partie de raccordement (20) soit pressée jusque dans la première portion (3) du premier outil (1), dans laquelle est retenu le conducteur (10).
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la surface frontale de la partie de raccordement (20) est déplacée jusqu'à 10 % à 90 % de l'étendue axiale de la première portion (3) contre le conducteur (10).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie de raccordement (20) présente une surface frontale plane ou convexe qui est inclinée suivant un angle de 10° à 90° vers l'axe longitudinal de la portion de la partie de raccordement (20) pressée contre le conducteur (10).
- Câble électrique comprenant un conducteur (10) et une partie de raccordement (20) reliée axialement au conducteur (10), en matériau à base de cuivre, le conducteur (10), dans sa portion adjacente à la partie de raccordement (20), se composant d'une pluralité de fils et caractérisé en ce que la partie de raccordement (20) et les conducteurs (10) sont assemblés les uns aux autres dans une couche limite par engagement par liaison de matière, le conducteur (10), dans sa portion adjacente à la partie de raccordement (20), ne présentant pas de gaine entourant les fils du conducteur (10).
- Câble électrique selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur (10) se compose de cuivre, d'un alliage de cuivre et/ou d'aluminium ou d'un alliage d'aluminium.
- Câble électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la partie de raccordement (20) présente une surface frontale plane qui est inclinée suivant un angle de 10° à 90° vers l'axe longitudinal de la portion de la partie de raccordement (20) pressée contre les conducteurs (10).
- Câble électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la partie de raccordement (20) présente une surface frontale convexe qui est disposée avec une symétrie de révolution par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la portion de la partie de raccordement (20) pressée contre les conducteurs (10).
- Câble électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la partie de raccordement (20), dans une portion adjacente aux conducteurs (10), est entouré d'aluminium.
- Câble électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la partie de raccordement (20), dans sa portion connectée au conducteur (10), se compose de fils en cuivre ou en un matériau à base de cuivre entourés par une gaine.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP10305380.7A EP2378611B1 (fr) | 2010-04-13 | 2010-04-13 | Procédé destiné à la fabrication de câbles dotés de conducteurs en aluminium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP10305380.7A EP2378611B1 (fr) | 2010-04-13 | 2010-04-13 | Procédé destiné à la fabrication de câbles dotés de conducteurs en aluminium |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2378611A1 EP2378611A1 (fr) | 2011-10-19 |
EP2378611B1 true EP2378611B1 (fr) | 2015-11-25 |
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EP10305380.7A Active EP2378611B1 (fr) | 2010-04-13 | 2010-04-13 | Procédé destiné à la fabrication de câbles dotés de conducteurs en aluminium |
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Families Citing this family (1)
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CN117913614B (zh) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-06-04 | 西安誉丰通号科技有限公司 | 一种铁路钢轨引、连接线的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE620829C (de) * | 1935-10-28 | Carl Cremer | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stossverbindungen bei Kabeln | |
US2806215A (en) | 1953-11-04 | 1957-09-10 | Aircraft Marine Prod Inc | Aluminum ferrule-copper tongue terminal and method of making |
DE1031448B (de) * | 1957-01-09 | 1958-06-04 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Verschweissung eines Kupferdrahtes mit einem Aluminiumkoerper |
US3949466A (en) * | 1974-05-28 | 1976-04-13 | Arthur D. Little Inc. | Process for forming an aluminum electrical conducting wire junction end piece |
US4098449A (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1978-07-04 | General Electric Company | Terminal connection for aluminum conductor and method of making |
KR100315590B1 (ko) * | 1997-11-19 | 2002-02-28 | 니시무로 타이죠 | 이종금속 재료의 접합구조 |
DE19908031B4 (de) | 1999-02-24 | 2009-08-13 | Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh | Verbindung eines elektrischen Aluminiumkabels mit einem aus Kupfer oder dergleichen Metall bestehenden Anschlußteil |
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