Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
  • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
  • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
  • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
  • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
  • H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
  • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
  • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
  • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
  • Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a broadband antenna comprising radiating elements that can be used in particular in the base stations of the cellular radiocommunication networks. It also extends to the manufacturing process of these elements.
• a double polarization radiating element may be formed of two radiating dipoles, each dipole consisting of two collinear conductor strands. The length of each strand is substantially equal to one quarter of the working wavelength.
• the dipoles are mounted on a structure allowing their feeding and their positioning above a reflector (plane-mass). This makes it possible, by reflection of the rear radiation of the dipoles, to refine the directivity of the radiation pattern of the assembly thus formed.
• the dipoles can radiate or receive electromagnetic waves in two polarization channels, for example a horizontal polarization channel and a vertical polarization channel, or two polarization channels oriented at +/- 45 ° compared to the vertical.
• the first so-called collinear (or concentric) method consists of an alignment of radiating elements in which radiating elements formed by four quadrature dipoles, operating on a first frequency band, are arranged concentrically around the radiating elements formed by two crossed dipoles. operating on a second frequency band.
• the alignment is placed above the reflector in a single frame.
• the second so-called “side by side” method consists of a first alignment of radiating elements formed by two crossed orthogonal dipoles operating on a first frequency band and a second alignment of radiating elements formed by two crossed orthogonal dipoles operating on a second band. frequency.
• the two rows are parallel and placed at a distance of at least half a wavelength for the highest frequency band.
• Interband decoupling depends on the distance between the radiating elements and the relative orientation of the radiating elements relative to each other. To improve the decoupling between two rows of elements placed in the same frame, it has for example been proposed
• multiband radiating antenna elements comprising a high dielectric constant dielectric support in order to reduce the dimensions of the radiating element, on which was deposited a layer of conductive material having a fractal pattern.
• the document US Pat. No. 6,028,563 describes a radiating element with a double polarization formed of two crossed dipoles called "bow bow tie” (or “cross bow tie” in English) standing on a foot resting on a reflector. Each dipole has radiating arms with either negative or positive polarization of generally triangular shape.
• the radiating elements can be aligned to form an antenna.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a non-concentric radiating element having a reduced size, the performances of the antenna being improved by better decoupling of the radiating elements.
• the object of the invention is also to propose a non-concentric radiating element operating over a wide frequency band, the performances of the antenna being improved by an enlargement of the frequency band.
• the object of the present invention is a broadband antenna radiating element comprising a foot supporting first and second components arranged in a first plane which are two half-wave dipoles with symmetrical power generating a linear double polarization and each comprising two arm, characterized in that the radiating element further comprises at least a third component selected from a dipole or a patch disposed in a second plane placed above the first plane, and in that each of the components consists of a fractal volume pattern.
• the main idea of the invention is to use the property of self-similarity of the fractal patterns in the design of the dipole geometry of a radiating element in order to reduce the size of the antenna, the complexity of the fractal pattern being invariant. by scaling.
• the general concept of the fractal theory can be applied to radiating antenna elements, especially to any form of dipole (triangle, square, ...) using the principle of self-similarity in the design of their structure.
• Iterative algorithms generate fractal objects in the form of digital images that can be materialized as physical objects.
• a predetermined iterative pattern (“loop generator") is reproduced on at least one face of a half-dipole by applying the principle of self-similarity by machining, molding, etc.
• One way to improve the bandwidth of the dipole is to use a three-dimensional fractal structure.
• Another way of improving the bandwidth of a radiating element is to vertically stack dipoles and possibly patches of similar or different sizes. The combination of these two channels in the radiating element therefore leads to a radiating element of small size and operating over a wide frequency band.
• the arms of the dipoles are preferably aluminum, brass, "zamac"
• the arms of the dipoles are preferably molded.
• the first, second and third components arranged in the first and second superposed planes are interconnected.
• the first and second components arranged in the first plane are not interconnected with the third component disposed in the second plane which is superimposed on it.
• the radiating element further comprises at least one additional component chosen from a dipole or patch disposed in a third plane superimposed on the first and second planes.
• the additional component is not interconnected with the dipoles of the first and second planes.
• the dipoles disposed in superposed planes have a decreasing surface while moving away from the reflector.
• the combination of the reshaped profile and the self-similarity leads to an antenna with a very broadband performance. It is understood that only one or both of the techniques can be used or both simultaneously.
• the design techniques of the fractal radiating elements are applied to the superimposed dipoles whether they are interconnected or not.
• the invention also has as its object a broadband antenna comprising radiating elements aligned on a reflector, each having a foot supporting a first and a second component arranged in a first plane which are two half-wave dipoles, with symmetrical power generating a double linear polarization each comprising two arms, wherein each radiating element further comprises at least one third component selected from a dipole or patch disposed in a second plane placed above the first plane, and wherein each of the components consists of a volume fractal pattern.
• the dipoles disposed in the first plane are positioned at a distance of one quarter of a wave with respect to the plane of the reflector, serving as a ground plane.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a radiating element comprising a foot supporting at least a first and a second component arranged in a first plane which are two half-wave dipoles with symmetrical power generating a double linear polarization each comprising two arms, the method comprising a molding step or a step of machining each of the components to produce a fractal volume pattern.
• the present invention has the advantage of allowing a reduction in the manufacturing cost of the radiating elements while improving their RF performance and reducing their size.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of the first plane of a cross-polarized radiating element carrying dipoles constructed from the "Cantor Slot Bow Tie" pattern;
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the first plane of a cross-polarized radiating element carrying dipoles constructed from the Koch pattern
• FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic top view of the first plane of a cross-polarized radiating element carrying dipoles constructed from the Minkowski pattern
• FIG. 4 shows in perspective a radiating element according to an embodiment of the invention.
• dual cross-polarization invention carrying two superimposed planes comprising interconnected dipoles constructed from the Sierpinski carpet pattern
• FIG. 5 shows in perspective a radiating element, according to an embodiment of the invention, with a double cross polarization carrying three superimposed planes comprising interconnected dipoles constructed from the Sierpinski carpet pattern,
• FIG. 6 shows in perspective a radiating element, according to an embodiment of the invention, with a double cross polarization carrying three superposed planes. including dipoles constructed from the Sierpinski carpet pattern including a director,
• FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a radiating element, according to an embodiment of the invention, with double cross polarization carrying three superimposed planes comprising interconnected dipoles of decreasing size constructed from the pattern of the Sierpinski carpet,
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a radiating element, according to an embodiment of the invention, with double cross polarization carrying three superimposed planes comprising non-interconnected dipoles constructed from the Sierpinski carpet pattern,
• FIG 1 is shown a schematic example of the first plane of a radiating element 20 of the type "bow tie” (or “Bow Tie”).
• the radiating element 20 comprises two dipoles 21 and 22 whose respective arms 21a, 21b and 22a, 22b are of triangular shape. The principle of self-similarity has been applied to it, and leads to the double polarized cross of a "Cantor Slot Bow Tie" radiating element.
• the two dipoles 21 and 22 are each provided with a power supply 23 and 24.
• a technique used is characterized by the use of an iterative pattern ("loop generator") to reduce the size of the dipole, while improving the RF performance of this dipole, particularly in terms of bandwidth.
• the two well known and used iterative motifs are Koch's motif and Minkowski's motif. The two resulting dipoles are shown respectively in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the first plane of the radiating element 30 represented in FIG. 2 comprises two dipoles 31 and 32.
• the two dipoles 31 and 32 are each provided with a power supply 33 and 34.
• Each dipole 31, 32 respectively comprises a first arm 31a, 32a and a second arm 31b, 32b whose shape is obtained by iteration of the Koch pattern.
• the first plane of the radiating element 40 shown in FIG. 3 comprises two dipoles 41 and 42.
• the two dipoles 41 and 42 are each provided with a power supply 43 and 44.
• Each dipole 41, 42 comprises respectively a first arm 41a, 42a and a second arm 41b, 42b whose shape is obtained by iteration of the Minkowski pattern.
• One way to improve the bandwidth of the dipole is to use a three-dimensional fractal structure.
• Another way to improve the bandwidth of a radiating element is to stack vertically dipoles of similar or different sizes.
• these dipoles can be electrically interconnected as in FIGS. 4 and 5.
• a radiating element 50 comprises dipoles placed in two superimposed planes 51 and 52 supported by a foot 53
• the first plane 51 comprises two orthogonally associated half-wavelength dipoles 54, 55 to obtain a double cross polarization arrangement.
• Each dipole 54, 55 respectively comprises a first arm 54a, 55a and a second arm 54b, 55b in the extension of each other
• Each dipole 54, 55 is respectively provided with a balanced supply to generate a linear polarization.
• the principle of self-similarity has been applied to a square radiating element, which leads to double polarization cross dipoles having the pattern of the Sierpinski carpet (three-dimensional).
• the first plane 51 is surmounted by a second plane 52 comprising two orthogonally associated half-wavelength dipoles 56 and 57 to obtain a double cross polarization arrangement.
• Each arm 56a, 56b, 57a, 57b of the dipoles 56 and 57 also has a 3D pattern of the Sierpinski carpet.
• FIG. 5 shows a radiating element comprising interconnected dipoles arranged in three superimposed planes 60, 61 and 62, carried by a common foot 63.
• the plane 60 comprises two dipoles 64, 65, each of half a wavelength, associated orthogonally to obtain a double cross polarization arrangement.
• the planes 61 and 62 which surmount it respectively comprise two dipoles 66, 67 and 68, 69 in a similar way.
• Each arm 64a, 64b, 65a, 65b of the dipoles 64 and 65 has a 3D pattern of the Sierpinski carpet.
• each arm 66a, 66b, 67a, 67b of the dipoles 66 and 67 has a volume pattern of the Sierpinski carpet.
• each arm 68a, 68b, 69a, 69b of the dipoles 68 and 69 has a volume pattern of the Sierpinski carpet.
• the dipoles disposed in different superimposed planes may not all be interconnected as in Figure 6.
• the dipole which is not interconnected is called "director".
• FIG. 6 shows interconnected dipoles arranged in two superposed planes 70 and 71 and carried by the same foot 72, each of the planes comprising two dipoles 73, 74 and 75, 76, each of half a wavelength, associated orthogonally to obtain a double cross polarization arrangement.
• Two other dipoles 78 and 79 non-interconnected with the dipoles arranged in the planes 70 and 71 are called "directors".
• the two dipoles 78 and 79 have their arms arranged in the plane 77 superimposed on the planes 70 and 71.
• Each dipole 73-76 and 78, 79 comprises two arms having a volume pattern of the Sierpinski carpet.
• FIG. 7 shows three superimposed planes 80, 81 and 82 whose dipoles are interconnected, of decreasing surface, carried by a common foot 83.
• the resonance frequency of the dipoles of each plane is slightly shifted, which increases the width of the frequency band.
• the plane 80 comprises two dipoles 84, 85, each of half a wavelength, associated orthogonally to obtain a double cross polarization arrangement.
• the planes 81 and 82 which surmount it respectively comprise two dipoles 86, 87 and 88, 89 in a similar way.
• Each arm of the dipoles 84-89 has a volume pattern of the Sierpinski carpet.
• FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment comprising a radiating element 90 comprising a plane 91 carried by a foot 92 and comprising two dipoles 93 and 94 each having two arms 93a, 93b and 94a, 94b respectively, each arm having a volume pattern of the Sierpinski carpet.
• the plane 91 is surmounted by a patch disposed in a second plane 95, itself surmounted by a patch disposed in a third plane 96.
• the patches arranged in the planes 95 and 96 are not interconnected with the dipoles arranged in the plan 91 and are called "directors".
• Each of the planes 95, 96 comprises a patch, or director, square whose dimension, substantially equal to half a wavelength, is offset with respect to the dimension of the dipoles placed in the plane 91 so as to increase the width of the band of the radiating element.
• the patches or directors placed in the plans 95, 96 have a 3D pattern of the Sierpinski carpet. This latter configuration has the advantage over other embodiments of being easier to develop.
• An antenna according to one embodiment of the invention comprises a reflector carrying aligned radiating elements similar to those of FIG. 4.
• Each radiating element comprises a foot, two orthogonal dipoles placed in a first plane and two orthogonal dipoles placed in a second plan.
• the respective arms of the four dipoles reproduce in volume the pattern of the Sierpinski carpet.
• Radiation elements of a known type may also be added to the reflector, the antenna according to the invention then operating as a multi-band antenna including a very wide band.
• the antenna may comprise radiating elements of all the previously described embodiments and their variants, and the radiating elements according to the invention may be implemented in any type of antenna whatever its shape.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
• Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-12-10 FR FR0858425A patent/FR2939569B1/fr active Active
• 2009
  • 2009-12-09 WO PCT/FR2009/052467 patent/WO2010067022A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2009-12-09 BR BRPI0923374-1A patent/BRPI0923374B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-12-09 US US13/132,560 patent/US8994602B2/en active Active
  • 2009-12-09 CN CN200980149564.9A patent/CN102246352B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-12-09 EP EP09801518.3A patent/EP2377201B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2009-12-09 JP JP2011540171A patent/JP5698145B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-10-31 JP JP2014222744A patent/JP2015043622A/ja active Pending

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