EP2371460B1 - Device for processing garden items, soil items and the like - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for processing Gartengut, Erdgut and the like with a rotatably mounted drum-shaped sieve which is drivable via a drive shaft, wherein a drive device for driving the drive shaft is provided and the drive shaft also drives a rotary member of a crushing device.

In the prior art, sorting, cleaning and mixing devices for use in industry, the construction industry, horticulture or agriculture, for the treatment of bulk and waste products and land products are known in principle. These devices are offered in accordance with various applications, various embodiments.

From the publication DE 34 37 709 A1 already a sorting, cleaning, mixing or crushing device is known in which a hand crank or a motor, a drum can be set in rotation, consisting of a mounted on the end wall, covered with a corresponding interchangeable screen, drum frame or from a also mounted on the front wall exchangeable perforated plate drum consists. The function of crushing the bulk material, however, is achieved only by the natural, occurring during the drum rotation, applied to the bulk material frictional forces between the bulk material parts, as well as between bulk material and drum wall, as well as by gravity.

From the DE 20 2005 010 025 U1 a wood chipper with a drive motor and a fan-provided wood pulp dryer and a discharge fan is known. As a drive motor, a diesel engine is provided, which also supplies a chopper downstream drum screen and a downstream discharge fan with energy. The waste heat and the exhaust gas of the diesel engine are fed to the drum screen for drying the wood chips. The accumulating under the drum screen dust is collected by a conveyor belt and passed for later disposal in a container. However, this device is correspondingly large and thus unsuitable for private use in gardens.

From the SU 534256 Furthermore, a cleaning brush for a drum screen is known.

The DE 10 2005 013 693 A1 discloses a disc or drum refiner for grinding and cleaning an agglomerated mixed plastic used to make a pulp.

Thus, garden shredders for crushing plant remains are basically known, which arise about in tree and hedge trimming, and larger and more powerful designs in the industrial field. However, the subsequent sorting, cleaning or mixing or independent filtering of soil material requires, in particular in the field of application in gardens where no devices are used as known in the industrial application, a further device to be provided.

The known devices are thus in common that they are advantageously designed for their particular application, in practical use, however, when the functions of both the crushing and the screening of, for example, garden, soil and the like are required, two separate devices are needed.

It is therefore an object of the invention to avoid the resulting from the prior art disadvantages of separate crushing and screening devices and to provide a compact device with which if necessary garden and soil can be both crushed and sieved.

The object is achieved in that the screen is attachable to a freely projecting end of the drive shaft. Due to the inventive combination of a crushing device and a screening device advantageously only a single drive device is required, resulting in significant synergy effects. In particular, the manufacturing cost of the inventive combination of screening and crushing device are significantly lower than for two separate Devices. Further, compared to two separate devices, the need for storage space is significantly reduced, as is the weight of the device according to the invention. For use outside of the storage space so only a single device is to be transported, whereby the user saves time and effort during manual transport. Furthermore, it is advantageously possible, with the shredder processed Gartengut, eg branches, leaves, etc., then to sort immediately on the drum-shaped sieve. Characterized in that the drum-shaped sieve is attachable to a freely projecting end of the drive shaft, the drum-shaped sieve can be easily connected to the drive shaft - without the aid of tools - if necessary. The removal of the screen as needed can thus be done easily and quickly. This is for example also advantageous if the crushing device is to be used without the drum-shaped sieve, in particular in order to reduce the weight of the device during transport from a storage room or in the storage room. In addition, this embodiment is a simple means to switch between drum-shaped screens different screen hole diameter can.

According to one embodiment of the invention, an electric motor or an internal combustion engine is provided as a drive device for driving the drive shaft. An electric motor offers the user of the device according to the invention the advantage of simple, substantially maintenance-free handling, without having to supply fuel, while an internal combustion engine can be operated independently of the availability of electric current, and thus independent of location. The engine power is adapted to the output of the two sub-devices consisting of crushing device and drum-shaped screen factory. By operating eg a power button or main switch, the device can be put into its operating state. In a further embodiment of the invention, the motor can be designed with adjustable speed, wherein a control element enables the user to change the power to be supplied as needed.

Advantageously, a transmission is provided between an output shaft of the drive device and the drive shaft in order to adapt the rotational speed of the motor to a speed which is appropriate for the two partial devices. As for screening and shredding comparatively low speeds are appropriate, it is thus advantageous if a reduction gear is provided between the engine and the drive shaft of the two sub-devices. The field of application of the comminution device comprises, in particular, the supply of thinner branches or perennials, so that a suitable driving force can be applied via the drive shaft arranged after the gearbox; a high speed, however, is by no means required. Likewise, the drum-shaped sieve is operated at low speeds to achieve efficient sorting of the supplied garden or Erdgutes. With the help of the reduction gear these requirements can thus be met in a simple manner by reducing the speed and the torque required for the two sub-devices is increased.

In an advantageous embodiment, the reduction gear is designed such that it reduces the speed of the drive device to 20 to 60 U / min.

Advantageously, the crushing device between the gear and the drum-shaped sieve is arranged, whereby the supply of the plant material in the crushing device from above or is made possible laterally and the filling of the rotating about the horizontally disposed drive screen advantageously and for the user in a convenient way of the , the engine opposite end can be made. The motor thus drives both subdevices via a common drive shaft extending from the motor in a single direction. Compared to an arrangement of the engine between the two sub-devices thus only a single transmission and a simplified shaft bearing is required.

If the drum-shaped sieve has a preferably full-surface bottom surface with a central passage opening for receiving the drive shaft, wherein the connection between the drive shaft and the bottom surface preferably via a groove / feather key connection is on the one hand opposite to the open side of the drum-shaped screen Side unintentional leakage of the bulk material to be screened prevented and on the other hand the rotating, filled drum imparted the necessary mechanical stability. The drive shaft preferably has a feather key in order to easily transmit the rotational movement to the drum. Alternatively, the drum may have a pin for engagement with a corresponding receptacle in the drive shaft. By this means it is advantageously possible to avoid protruding rotating elements from a housing, provided that the screen has been removed during the operation of the comminuting device.
With both alternatives, a simple assembly or disassembly of the drum-shaped screen is made possible by the user simply pushes on the drum-shaped sieve parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum-shaped screen or parallel to the drive axis or subtracts or peel off to establish or release the positive connection , And offered the necessary resistance to the torques occurring in the device.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the rotational element of the comminuting device, preferably a milling drum, is positively connected, preferably via a shaft / hub connection with a key, with the drive shaft rotatably connected. This type of positive connection allows a structurally simple, reliable torque transmission. It has thus surprisingly been found that both sub-devices can be operated at the same speed, and thus no separate transmission must be provided in order to increase or decrease the rotational speed of the rotary element of the crushing device with respect to the rotational speed of the screening device.

Regarding a quiet, reliable rotation of the drive shaft, it is advantageous if the drive shaft between the gear and the crushing device, and between the crushing device and the drum-shaped sieve is mounted. The storage of the drive shaft according to the invention in two places at the same time ensures high mechanical stability and smooth running of the device. Due to the weight of the introduced into the sieve bulk material, which may be distributed unevenly over the circumference of the screen in the operating state of the device under these unfavorable conditions transverse forces acting on the drive shaft which are absorbed by the bearings. Since plant material can be supplied simultaneously to the filling of the drum-shaped sieve of the comminution device, in the comminution of mechanically strong material, such as branches, additional transverse forces acting on the drive shaft, which are uncorrelated to the transverse forces caused by the drum-shaped sieve, are produced. The preferred storage prevents rotation-induced mechanical deformation of the drive shaft and thus increases the life of the device and the maintenance intervals of storage.

For storage of the screen in the region of the front receiving opening for bulk material, it is advantageous if at least two rotatably mounted rollers are provided. These rollers can engage in a groove along the circumference of the drum-shaped screen as close to the receiving opening and reduce the resulting by the weight of the bulk material torque on the connecting element between the drive shaft and the central passage opening of the sieve. The at least two rollers are preferably arranged around the circumference of the drum-shaped screen to accommodate the vertical forces created by the weight of the screen to a greater extent than the horizontal forces created by rotation and uneven loading. Preferably, the outermost of the at least two rollers are each arranged at an angle of at most 45 ° to a virtual vertical line of an imaginary extension of the drive shaft. In this way, the drum-shaped sieve additional stability is given. In addition, the sieve is about the inclusion of the rollers positioned in the circumferential groove in the axial direction. The rollers are preferably made of plastic or rubber to keep the noise level low compared to metallic wheels.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a cleaning brush is provided adjacent to the cylindrical surface of the drum-shaped screen, which extends with its bristles at least partially through the openings of the screen surface into the interior of the screen. The bristles thus clean the surface of the drum-shaped screen of sifted bulk material adhered to the screen surface and remove bulk material sticking out of the holes or adhering the holes to maintain the sifting property. As a bristle material is any natural or artificial material with sufficient abrasion resistance and bending stiffness in question, which preferably despite the invention brush function, the surface of the drum-shaped screen not scratched in a manner recognizable to the user. The cleaning brush should be as easy as possible with simple mechanical means such as clamping or quick-clamping devices without the use of tools mountable and replaceable. Further, more than one cleaning brush may be disposed around the surface of the cylindrical screen having the same or different brushing properties. Thus, brushes with bristles of different lengths or bending resistance, or alternatively full-surface plastic or rubber strips or bands, can be used.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the drive device, the comminution device and the drum-shaped sieve are mounted on a common, preferably frame-shaped frame. The common frame allows the assembly and operation of the sub-devices on a common drive shaft with the required design-related geometric tolerances. For easy transport, the frame is designed to save weight in the form of a metallic frame. On the rack are further mounted the bearings, the rollers for engaging in the groove of the drum-shaped screen and the cleaning brush.

• Fig. 1 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht zeigt;
• Fig. 2 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht zeigt;
• Fig. 3 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Ansicht parallel zur Antriebswelle von der offenen Seite des trommelförmigen Siebes zeigt;
• Fig. 4 eine Schnittansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung entlang der Schnittlinie IV-IV in Figur 3 zeigt;
• Fig. 4a eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung mit den Komponenten Motor, Getriebe, Wellenlagerungen, Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, trommelförmiges Sieb inklusive Aufsteckvorrichtung auf das frei auskragende Ende der Antriebswelle und Lagerung der Siebtrommel auf der offenen Seite der Siebtrommel zeigt;
• Fig. 5 eine Schnittansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung entlang der Schnittlinie V-V in Figur 2 zeigt;
• Fig. 6 eine vergrößerte Darstellung der zentralen Durchgangsöffnung der Bodenfläche des trommelförmigen Siebes zur Aufnahme der Antriebswelle zeigt;
• Fig. 7 eine Schnittansicht des trommelförmigen Siebes entlang der Schnittlinie VII-VII in Figur 6 ist; und
• Fig. 8 eine Detaildarstellung der Rille des trommelförmigen Siebes in vergrößertem Maßstab zeigt.

In the following, the invention will be described by way of non-limitative exemplary embodiments of the device, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

• Fig. 1 the device according to the invention in a perspective view shows;
• Fig. 2 the device according to the invention in a side view shows;
• Fig. 3 the device according to the invention in a view parallel to the drive shaft from the open side of the drum-shaped sieve shows;
• Fig. 4 a sectional view of the device according to the invention along the section line IV-IV in FIG. 3 shows;
• Fig. 4a a schematic representation of the device with the components engine, gearbox, shaft bearings, crushing device, drum-shaped screen including Aufsteckvorrichtung on the cantilevered end of the drive shaft and storage of the screen drum on the open side of the screen drum shows;
• Fig. 5 a sectional view of the device according to the invention along the section line VV in FIG. 2 shows;
• Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of the central passage opening of the bottom surface of the drum-shaped screen for receiving the drive shaft;
• Fig. 7 a sectional view of the drum-shaped sieve along the section line VII-VII in FIG. 6 is; and
• Fig. 8 shows a detailed view of the groove of the drum-shaped screen in an enlarged scale.

In Fig. 1 a device 1 for processing of garden and soil is shown, which has a crushing device 2 and a drum-shaped sieve 3. The comminution device 2 is arranged together with the drum-shaped sieve 3 on a frame-shaped frame 4. In a housing 5 accommodating the comminution device 2, a drive device 6 (cf. Fig. 4a ) are provided, via which both the crushing device 2 and the wire 3 are driven. The height of the frame 4 allows the setting of containers for receiving the crushed Plant matter and the sieved bulk material.

The crushing device 2 and the drum-shaped sieve 3 are, as in FIGS Figures 2 . 4 , and 4a shown connected to each other via a common drive shaft 7. The drive shaft 7 in turn is driven by the drive device 6, which may be, for example, an electric motor or internal combustion engine. Between an output shaft 8, the drive device 6 and the drive shaft 7, a transmission 9 is provided. The transmission 9 is a reduction gear and reduces the predetermined speed of the output shaft 8 from the motor 6 to a range of application of the two devices 2 and 3 appropriate speed of about 20 to 60 U / min.

In the schematic representation according to Fig. 4a In particular, it can be seen that the comminuting device 2, ie a shredder, has a rotary element 10 designed as a milling roller, which is connected non-rotatably via a shaft / hub connection 11 to the drive shaft 7 via a feather key. The plant matter to be comminuted is passed through an opening 2a (cf. Fig. 1 ). The drive shaft 7 is mounted with a bearing 12, between the gear 9 and the crushing device 2, and, between the latter and the drum-shaped wire 3 with a bearing 13. At the projecting end 14 of the drive shaft 7, a groove / feather key connection 15 is provided for the rotationally fixed connection with the drum-shaped sieve 3.

The drum-shaped sieve 3 is attached to the end 14 of the drive shaft 7 and held by a positive connection thereto. An exemplary embodiment of the cross section of the central passage opening 16 in the preferably full-surface bottom surface of the drum-shaped sieve 3 is in Fig. 6 shown. The bottom surface preferably has four grooves 17a-d for receiving the corresponding feather keys (not shown). The passage opening 16 containing, shown in enlarged scale, element 18 of the bottom surface of the drum-shaped sieve 3 is fixedly connected to the sieve holes 19 containing screen jacket.

The screen 3 is supported at its open end with at least two rollers 20 and 20a. As in Fig. 2 shown engage the rollers 20, 20a in a circumferentially extending groove 21 at the open end of the drum-shaped screen 3 a. The rotatably mounted rollers are as shown by way of example with roller 20 attached to the frame 4 and preferably easy to install without the use of tools.

As in Fig. 3 and 5 can be seen, along the bottom of the drum-shaped screen 3, a cleaning brush 22 is arranged for the cleaning of the screen surface, whereby the blockage of the holes 19 is prevented. The bristles 23 of the cleaning brush 22 penetrate this during the rotation of the screen 3 in the holes 19 a. To clean the entire surface of the screen 3, the cleaning brush 22 extends substantially parallel to the axis of rotation over the entire length of the screen. In addition, a substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum-shaped screen 3 and in the vicinity thereof arranged baffle 24 is provided so that laterally discharged from the screen sieved bulk material can be passed under the sieve.

The drum-shaped sieve 3 is connected via a receiving opening 25 in the direction of in Fig. 2 shown arrow A filled with bulk material. As a result of the rotation of the screen 3, that part of the bulk material which due to its geometrical dimensions can pass through the holes 19 is screened, while the remainder of the bulk material remains in the drum until it is removed by the user. The sieved bulk material falls to the ground and can be collected in a container (not shown) set up below the sieve 3.

Claims (11)

1. A device (1) for processing garden items, soil items and the like having a rotatably supported drum-shaped screen (3) which is drivable via a driving shaft (7), wherein a driving device (6) for driving the driving shaft (7) is provided and the driving shaft (7) also drives a rotation element (10) of a grinder (2), characterised in that the screen (3) may be fit onto a freely cantilevering end (14) of the driving shaft (7).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that an electric motor or a combustion engine is provided as the driving device (6).
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a gear unit (9) is provided between an output shaft (8) of the driving device (6) and the driving shaft (7).
4. The device according to claim 3, characterised in that a reduction gear unit which reduces the speed of the driving device (6) to 20 to 60 rpm is provided as the gear unit (9).
5. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the grinder (2) is arranged between the gear unit (9) and the screen (3).
6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a preferably full-faced bottom surface of the screen (3) has a central through hole (16) for receiving the driving shaft (7), preferably via a keyed joint (15).
7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the rotation element (10), preferably a milling drum, is connected to the driving shaft (7) non-rotatably in a form-fit manner, preferably by means of a shaft-hub joint (11) having a key.
8. The device according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the driving shaft (7) is supported between the gear unit (9) and the grinder (2) as well as between the grinder (2) and the screen (3).
9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that at least two rotatably supported rolls (20, 20a) for supporting the screen (3) are provided in the region of a front receiving opening (25).
10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that adjacent to a cylindrical screen surface of the screen (3), a cleaning brush (22) is provided, with its bristles (23) extending at least partially into the interior through openings (19) in the cylindrical screen surface.
11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the driving device (6), the grinder (2) and the screen (3) are supported on a common, preferably frame-shaped stand (4).

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