EP2365859A1 - Procédé et dispositif de traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du dioxyde de carbone provenant d'une grande installation de combustion - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du dioxyde de carbone provenant d'une grande installation de combustion

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Publication number
EP2365859A1
EP2365859A1 EP09760767A EP09760767A EP2365859A1 EP 2365859 A1 EP2365859 A1 EP 2365859A1 EP 09760767 A EP09760767 A EP 09760767A EP 09760767 A EP09760767 A EP 09760767A EP 2365859 A1 EP2365859 A1 EP 2365859A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
gas stream
fraction
swing adsorption
pressure swing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09760767A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Leitgeb
Werner Sebastian Leitmayr
Torsten Stoffregen
Roland Ritter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde KCA Dresden GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde KCA Dresden GmbH filed Critical Linde KCA Dresden GmbH
Publication of EP2365859A1 publication Critical patent/EP2365859A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04533—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/40—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using hybrid system, i.e. combining cryogenic and non-cryogenic separation techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/70—Flue or combustion exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/58—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being argon or crude argon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/80—Integration in an installation using carbon dioxide, e.g. for EOR, sequestration, refrigeration etc.
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating a carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from a large combustion plant, in particular a power plant, wherein the gas stream is separated in a carbon dioxide purification stage in a partial gas stream with increased carbon dioxide content and a partial gas stream with reduced carbon dioxide content and the partial gas stream with increased carbon dioxide content of a further utilization and / or storage is supplied, and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • Carbon dioxide-containing gas streams are produced by all large-scale combustion plants that run on fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas. These include in particular power plants, but also industrial furnaces, steam boilers and similar large-scale thermal plants for power and / or heat generation. Due to the climate-damaging effect of carbon dioxide gas, solutions are sought to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gases to the atmosphere.
  • the fossil fuel eg coal
  • an oxygen-rich combustion gas in particular with technically pure oxygen or with oxygen-enriched air (oxygen combustion gas process).
  • the oxygen content of this combustion gas is for example 95 to 99.9% by volume.
  • the resulting exhaust gas which is also referred to as flue gas, contains mainly carbon dioxide (CO2) with a share of about 70 to 85 vol .-%.
  • CO2 carbon dioxide
  • the aim of these new concepts is to compress the carbon dioxide produced during combustion of the fossil fuels and concentrated in the flue gas in suitable deposits, in particular in certain rock layers or salt water bearing layers, and thus to limit carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. This is intended to reduce the climate-damaging effect of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.
  • Such power plants are referred to in the art as so-called “oxyfuel” power plants.
  • dedusting, denitrification and desulfurization of the flue gas take place in successive steps.
  • the thus treated, carbon dioxide-rich exhaust gas is compressed and fed to a carbon dioxide purification stage.
  • a partial gas stream with reduced carbon dioxide content and another partial gas stream with increased carbon dioxide content.
  • the partial gas stream with increased carbon dioxide content represents the desired carbon dioxide product stream which is obtained with a carbon dioxide content of, for example, more than 95% by volume and is intended for further use, in particular for transport to storage sites.
  • Carbon dioxide content falls as a side stream (so-called Ventgas) at 15 to 30 bar, preferably 18- 25 bar, and contains predominantly the not intended for compression components, in particular inert gases such as nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2). In this partial gas stream but also shares of carbon dioxide in a concentration of about 25- 35 vol .-% are present.
  • This vent gas is currently being vented to the atmosphere. This results in a deterioration of the degree of possible use or compression of carbon dioxide.
  • This level of CO2 utilization is also known as the CO2 recovery rate.
  • the recovery rate r is defined as the ratio of recovered, purified CO2 to the CO2 produced during combustion, multiplied by a factor of 100:
  • This recovery rate can be influenced by the content of CO2 in the flue gas, the type of process design and the energy consumption.
  • CO2 in a concentration of about 75 to 90% by volume (preferably 75 to 85% by volume)
  • further components are found in the raw gas: nitrogen, oxygen, argon and traces of carbon monoxide, sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide. Since the CO2 product should have a CO2 content of> 95% by volume, the inert components must be reduced. This also causes some of the CO2 in the cryogenic
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned and an apparatus for performing the method so that the CO2 recovery rate is increased.
  • This object is achieved in terms of the method in that the partial gas stream with reduced carbon dioxide content is fed to a pressure swing adsorption stage in which a carbon dioxide-rich and a low-carbon dioxide fraction are produced.
  • the carbon dioxide-rich fraction can be returned to the carbon dioxide purification stage or directly to the recycling and / or storage.
  • the carbon dioxide purification stage designed, for example, as a cryogenic carbon dioxide liquefaction plant for producing a recoverable or storable, in particular compressible, CO 2 product thus becomes one
  • Pressure swing adsorption stage pressure swing adsorption plant DWA or PSA expanded.
  • the normally vented vent gas is worked up to produce a carbon dioxide rich fraction and a low carbon dioxide fraction (especially at about 500 ppmv CO2).
  • the carbon dioxide-rich fraction with a CO2 content of in particular more than 85% by volume is returned to the carbon dioxide purification plant as additional inlet gas. This makes it possible to significantly increase the recovery rate compared to conventional methods that work without pressure swing adsorption. Even CO2 recovery rates of 99% are achievable for large combustion plants operating as oxyfuel plants.
  • the carbon dioxide purification stage comprises a gas stream compression, so that a pre-compressed partial gas stream with reduced carbon dioxide content (Ventgas) under a pressure of preferably 15-30 bar, particularly preferably 18-25 bar, is obtained, which can be fed to the pressure swing adsorption.
  • Ventgas reduced carbon dioxide content
  • the gas stream is formed by a carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas stream of a large combustion plant in which fossil fuels are burned with a combustion gas produced in an air separation plant, which has a higher oxygen content than air.
  • Embodiment of the invention in this case, the low carbon dioxide fraction from the pressure swing adsorption stage recycled to the air separation plant.
  • the low carbon dioxide fraction which consists essentially of nitrogen, oxygen and argon, in the overall power plant process.
  • This fraction contains oxygen (in particular about 12 to 25% by volume) and is preferably already compressed, so that this gas mixture can be integrated into the process of the air separation plant.
  • this fraction can be introduced into an already compressed feed gas stream of the air separation plant. As a result, the proportion of recirculated oxygen can be reduced and compaction energy saved at the air compression of the air separation plant.
  • the carbon dioxide purification stage comprises a, in particular adsorptive, drying stage for drying the gas stream.
  • a part of the carbon dioxide-rich and / or low-carbon dioxide fraction from the pressure swing adsorption stage is preferably used as the regeneration gas for the Drying used.
  • the required pressure can be provided by the pressure swing adsorption.
  • Possible temperature fluctuations resulting from the use of the gas fraction as regeneration gas can be absorbed by recycling part of the gas stream flowing from the drying stage to raw gas cooling upstream of the carbon dioxide purification stage (in particular flue gas condensation) or before gas stream compression to the gas stream is recycled and thus contributes to the mixing and homogenization of the CO2 raw gas stream.
  • any temperature fluctuations from the use as a regeneration gas are preferably intercepted by feeding a portion of the effluent from the drying step gas stream in a direct cooling of the air separation plant.
  • the carbon dioxide purification stage expediently comprises a multi-stage gas stream compression.
  • the carbon dioxide-rich fraction from the pressure swing adsorption stage is preferably fed into the gas stream prior to the first stage of gas stream compression.
  • this fraction can be fed into the gas stream even after the first stage of the gas stream compression at a pressure of more than 2 bar, in particular at 2 to 4 bar.
  • the compressor energy for the CO2 recirculation can be reduced.
  • the invention further relates to a device for treating a carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from a large combustion plant, in particular a power plant, with a charged with the gas stream
  • a carbon dioxide purification device having a derivative for a partial gas flow with increased carbon dioxide content and a derivative for a partial gas flow with reduced carbon dioxide content, wherein the derivative for the partial gas flow with increased carbon dioxide content with a recovery device and / or storage facility is in communication.
  • this object is achieved in that the derivation for the partial gas flow with reduced carbon dioxide content is in communication with a pressure swing adsorption having a derivative for a carbon dioxide-rich fraction and a derivative for a low-carbon fraction, the derivative for the carbon dioxide-rich fraction with the carbon dioxide purification communicates.
  • the large combustion plant usually communicates with an air separation plant for producing a combustion gas having a higher oxygen content than air.
  • the discharge of the pressure swing adsorption plant for the low carbon dioxide fraction is in communication with the air separation plant.
  • the carbon dioxide purification device preferably comprises a gas flow compression device.
  • Pressure swing adsorption plant for the low-carbon fraction with a discharge of a compressor of the air separation plant in conjunction.
  • the carbon dioxide purification device comprises a, in particular adsorber, drying device for drying the gas stream.
  • a drying device for drying the gas stream.
  • the drying device can also be connected via a line directly to a gas flow feed line of a compressor upstream of the drying device of the carbon dioxide purification device.
  • Another variant provides that the drying device is connected via a line directly to a crude gas cooling device connected upstream of the carbon dioxide purification device.
  • the carbon dioxide purification device comprises several compressors or compressor stages, and the derivative of the pressure swing adsorption system for the carbon dioxide-rich fraction is with a gas flow feed line to the first compressor or compressor stage or with a Gas flow passage from the first compressor or from the first compressor stage to the second compressor or to the second compressor stage connected.
  • the invention provides the possibility of reducing the CO2 recovery rate in large combustion plants, in particular power plants, which are e.g. working according to the oxyfuel technology, to increase significantly.
  • a larger proportion of carbon dioxide in rock strata or salt water bearing layers of the subsurface be pressed so that less carbon dioxide is expelled to the atmosphere. This can make a significant contribution to reducing the greenhouse effect.
  • the invention is suitable for all conceivable large combustion systems in which carbon dioxide-containing gas flows incurred. These include e.g. Fossil-fueled power plants, industrial furnaces, steam boilers and similar large-scale thermal power and / or heat generation plants. With particular advantage, the invention can be used in large combustion plants, which are supplied with technically pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as fuel gas and which consequently incurred exhaust gas streams with high carbon dioxide concentrations. In particular, the invention is suitable for so-called low-carbon coal-fired power plants, which are operated with oxygen as fuel gas (“oxyfuel” power plants) and in which the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas in high concentration is separated and pressed in the underground (“CO2 Capture”). Technology ").
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of an integration of a pressure swing adsorption in an oxyfuel power plant with dryer regeneration by the CO2-re ⁇ che fraction
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of an integration of a pressure swing adsorption in an oxyfuel power plant with dryer regeneration by the low-CO2 fraction
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of an integration of a pressure swing adsorption in an oxyfuel power plant with direct delivery of CO2-rich fraction to the memory
  • the present embodiment relates to a coal power plant, which is operated with a combustion gas having an oxygen content of about 95 vol .-% and in which an enriched with carbon dioxide exhaust stream is prepared for a compression in the ground.
  • a combustion boiler K of the coal power plant is charged with coal from a coal drying KT.
  • the coal is burned with a combustion gas having an oxygen content of about 95 vol .-% and shares of nitrogen, oxygen and argon (about 5 vol .-%).
  • the combustion gas is generated from the ambient air L in an air separation plant LZA comprising an air compressor VI and a pre-cooling, an adsorber and a cold box C.
  • the exhaust gas (flue gas) from the combustion boiler K is passed through a filter F and cleaned in a subsequent flue gas desulfurization REA. Part of the thus purified gas stream is returned via a CO2 return line 1 to the combustion boiler K. The remaining gas stream passes into a flue gas cooling RGK.
  • the cooled gas stream is fed to a carbon dioxide purification stage R which comprises a pre-compression V, a denitrification N and drying T and a separation A and final compression Ve.
  • a partial gas flow with increased carbon dioxide content and a partial gas flow with reduced carbon dioxide content accumulates.
  • the partial gas stream with increased carbon dioxide content represents the desired CO2 product stream, which is finally fed at a pressure of over 100 bar in a piping P and transported to a memory S.
  • a salt water-bearing layer or a rock layer in the underground can be used.
  • the incurred as a side stream Partial gas flow with reduced carbon dioxide content (Ventgas) is supplied via a line 2 at a pressure of about 15 bar the pressure swing adsorption PSA. In the pressure swing adsorption plant PSA, a carbon dioxide-rich and a low-carbon dioxide fraction are produced.
  • the carbon dioxide-rich fraction 3 is returned to the carbon dioxide purification stage R at a pressure of more than 2 bara, which ultimately increases the proportion of CO2 in the CO2 product stream to the pipeline system P and thus the CO2 recovery rate.
  • the carbon dioxide-rich fraction 3 may initially be used as a regeneration gas for the drying T located in the carbon dioxide purification stage R, which comprises an adsorber station. For this purpose, a partial stream of the carbon dioxide-rich fraction 3 is passed directly to the adsorber of the drying T. Another partial stream with a CO2 content of about 90% by volume and fractions of N2, O2 and Ar is recirculated to the pre-compression V at atmospheric pressure.
  • the carbon dioxide-poor fraction 4 obtained in the pressure swing adsorption plant PSA with a CO 2 content of about 500 ppm and 02, N 2 and Ar is recycled at a pressure of more than 6.5 bara to the air separation plant LZA and after the air compression LV into the feed gas stream the air separation plant fed.
  • Pressure swing adsorption plant PSA is used for regeneration of the adsorber of the drying stage T, before it is returned to the air separation plant LZA, while the CO2-rich fraction 3 is recycled directly to the pre-compression V.
  • FIG. 3 also shows a variant in which the carbon dioxide-rich fraction 3 from the pressure swing adsorption plant is fed directly to the final compressor Ve for delivery to the reservoir S after an increase in pressure D.
  • the low carbon dioxide fraction 4 is used to regenerate the adsorbers of the drying stage T.
  • This variant is particularly suitable for the case where, for example, by using a vacuum pressure swing adsorption plant (VPSA) a purity of the CO2-rich fraction is achieved, which corresponds to the requirements of the CO2 product.
  • VPSA vacuum pressure swing adsorption plant
  • the CO2-rich fraction can be brought by pressure increase directly to the input-side pressure level of the final compression Ve, so that the recycling via the C02 purification steps V, N, T and A can be omitted. In this way, these cleaning steps can be relieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du dioxyde de carbone provenant d'une grande installation de combustion, notamment d'une centrale électrique. Le courant de gaz est séparé lors d'une première étape de purification de dioxyde de carbone R en un courant partiel de gaz ayant une teneur accrue en dioxyde de carbone et un courant partiel de gaz ayant une teneur réduite en dioxyde de carbone. Le courant partiel de gaz ayant une teneur accrue en dioxyde de carbone est acheminé vers une valorisation ultérieure et/ou un stockage S. L'émission de gaz nuisibles pour le climat peut être réduite notamment par compression du dioxyde de carbone dans le sous-sol. Pour augmenter la fraction de CO2 compressible, il est proposé que le courant partiel de gaz ayant une teneur réduite en dioxyde de carbone soit acheminé vers une étape d'adsorption à pression alternée PSA dans laquelle une fraction riche en dioxyde de carbone et une fraction pauvre en dioxyde de carbone sont produites. La fraction riche en dioxyde de carbone est acheminée vers l'étape de purification de dioxyde de carbone R ou est acheminée directement vers la valorisation ultérieure et/ou le stockage S.
EP09760767A 2008-12-16 2009-11-26 Procédé et dispositif de traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du dioxyde de carbone provenant d'une grande installation de combustion Withdrawn EP2365859A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008062497A DE102008062497A1 (de) 2008-12-16 2008-12-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines kohlendioxidhaltigen Gasstroms aus einer Großfeuerungsanlage
PCT/EP2009/008447 WO2010072305A1 (fr) 2008-12-16 2009-11-26 Procédé et dispositif de traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du dioxyde de carbone provenant d'une grande installation de combustion

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EP2365859A1 true EP2365859A1 (fr) 2011-09-21

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US (1) US8808427B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2365859A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2009332000B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2743718A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008062497A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010072305A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201104043B (fr)

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US9777628B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2017-10-03 The Boeing Company System and method for processing greenhouse gases
CA2896836C (fr) * 2012-12-31 2021-12-28 Inventys Thermal Technologies Inc. Systeme et procede de separation integree de gaz carbonique a partir de gaz de combustion
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US9452386B1 (en) * 2015-03-04 2016-09-27 L'Air Liquide Socieété Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Hybrid membrane and adsorption-based system and process for recovering CO2 from flue gas and using combustion air for adsorbent regeneration
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ZA201104043B (en) 2012-02-29
DE102008062497A1 (de) 2010-06-17
US8808427B2 (en) 2014-08-19
AU2009332000B2 (en) 2015-04-09
CA2743718A1 (fr) 2010-06-01
US20110247491A1 (en) 2011-10-13
AU2009332000A1 (en) 2010-07-01
WO2010072305A1 (fr) 2010-07-01

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