EP2364800A1 - Corps composite pressé de manière isostatique à chaud, procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation - Google Patents

Corps composite pressé de manière isostatique à chaud, procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2364800A1
EP2364800A1 EP11151376A EP11151376A EP2364800A1 EP 2364800 A1 EP2364800 A1 EP 2364800A1 EP 11151376 A EP11151376 A EP 11151376A EP 11151376 A EP11151376 A EP 11151376A EP 2364800 A1 EP2364800 A1 EP 2364800A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
steel
composite body
range
percent
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EP11151376A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Picard Carl Aug GmbH and Co KG
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Picard Carl Aug GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2364800A1 publication Critical patent/EP2364800A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite body consisting of at least two interconnected layers of different materials, wherein a first layer consists of a hot isostatically compacted, powder metallurgically produced material and wherein a second layer consists of steel.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a composite body, comprising at least two interconnected layers of different materials, wherein a first layer is produced by hot isostatic compression of a powder metallurgy material and wherein a second layer is made of a solid steel.
  • the invention relates to a use of the composite body.
  • Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technology which involves simultaneously hot pressing and sintering powders and massive solids, especially ceramics and metals, is based on a combination of pressure, temperature and hold time.
  • the starting material is used in a container.
  • This container comes in a heated pressure vessel, and the component is compressed at temperatures of up to 2000 ° C and pressures of 100 to 200 MPa under inert gas.
  • the gas pressure acts on all sides of the workpiece so that the component obtains isotropic properties.
  • a composite body of the type mentioned is from the WO 97/12710 A1 known.
  • This document describes a method for producing large annular workpieces, in particular annular bandages for wear-resistant press rolls, by a hot isostatic pressing process, wherein a ring blank is produced by the hot isostatic pressing process with dimensions specified by the HIP plant and subsequently by a thermoforming process to others larger, dimensions are brought.
  • the blank is produced from a HIP material applied to a suitable base material, wherein the base material must have properties matched to the HIP material with regard to the thermoforming process.
  • steel can be considered as the base material.
  • the material of the base material has properties that does not lead to the detachment of the HIP layer in the thermoforming process, but this circumstance could also be counteracted by appropriate thermoforming conditions.
  • Crucial are essentially the properties of the materials. Concrete materials that have this suitability, however, are in the WO 97/12710 A1 not known. Also remains in detail how a blank, which consists of steel and a HIP material, could be produced in detail.
  • Kompaktiermaschinen machines for Gutbettzerkleintation and mills are specified. In such machines, which are subject to abrasive stress, there is a particular requirement for high wear resistance in order to ensure a long service life of the machines.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a composite body of the type mentioned and a method for its production, in order to achieve a long service life at high abrasive stress of the composite body.
  • the first layer contains a steel produced by powder metallurgy with more than 5 percent of alloying elements.
  • the steel of the first layer may be a chromium-containing steel, which in particular contains a proportion of chromium in the range from 20 to 30 percent.
  • the presence of chromium lowers the austenitizing temperature, promotes carbide formation, lowers the critical cooling rate upon curing, increases hardenability and corrosion resistance in the specified range.
  • the powder metallurgy steel can be derived directly from atomization, or different steel powders can also be mixed. It is advantageous if the material for forming the first layer consists of a powder of particles having a particle size in the range of 2 microns to 500 microns, in particular in the range of 20 microns to 400 microns, preferably a mean grain size in Range from 15 ⁇ m to 75 ⁇ m.
  • the first layer contains hot isostatic pressed carbides such as tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, chromium carbide, niobium carbide and / or vanadium carbide.
  • These carbides may be added to the powder as hard materials and / or formed from carbon and the corresponding carbide former during hot isostatic pressing.
  • they may in particular consist of particles having a particle size in the range of 20 microns to 200 microns, preferably in the range of 50 microns to 150 microns.
  • the second layer of the composite body consists of a tempering steel.
  • the material of the second layer may advantageously be a hypoeutectoid steel from this point of view, which also (like the steel of the first layer) more than 5 percent of alloying elements, in particular chromium, preferably in a proportion in the range of 10 to 25 percent , contains.
  • the composite according to the invention in the steel of the second layer may additionally contain nickel, preferably in a proportion in the range from 1 to 6.5 percent and optionally additionally molybdenum, preferably in a proportion in the range from 0.4 to 3.5 percent ,
  • this object is achieved in that the material used to form the first layer, a powder metallurgy produced steel is used with more than 5 percent of alloying elements, which is introduced together with the preformed solid steel to form the second layer in a gas-tight container after which the container is evacuated and then subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP).
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • this material contains about 1.2 percent niobium, from which carbides form with the carbon of the material, which increase the layer hardness. At the same time, however, the formation of chromium-rich chromium carbides and their precipitation at the grain boundaries is prevented, since niobium has a higher affinity for carbon than chromium. This favors the sintering process during hot isostatic pressing.
  • HIP technology relies on a combination of pressure, temperature and hold time.
  • the pressure may preferably be exerted by argon gas, which presupposes a pressure-transmitting means, as can be used in the case according to the invention advantageously a steel capsule as a container.
  • argon gas which presupposes a pressure-transmitting means
  • a steel capsule as a container.
  • a gas-tight glass or plastic capsule would also be possible.
  • the pressure which should ideally be more than 1000 bar, is thereby generated by a compressor and the thermal expansion of the gas.
  • the temperature should normally be about 0.8 times the melting temperature of the materials of the part to be produced.
  • a selectively selected phase composition of the materials it is also possible to set a eutectic, so that it becomes possible to partially achieve liquid-phase sintering.
  • characteristic temperatures of the hot isostatic pressing are thus to be regarded in the range of 800 ° C to 1200 ° C.
  • the process may preferably be in a heatable autoclave Expire over a period of more than one hour to more than four hours.
  • a preferred use of a composite according to the invention consists in the production of pellet production hole dies.
  • Today pressed pellets of wood chips are increasingly used for energy and heat generation. In the industrial sector, they are mixed as an aggregate of coal and in the household sector they serve as a fuel substitute for oil or gas heating. Due to its compact shape and low water content, a highly compacted wooden body by pelleting is also excellently suited for the automatic supply of combustion chambers. The resulting after combustion small amount of ash can be disposed of easily.
  • wood is considered to be climate-neutral, as the CO 2 produced during combustion is broken down again in the cycle of the forest.
  • wood chips are pressed through a die body at high pressure and thereby obtained a cylindrical shape with a high degree of compaction.
  • Fig. 1 shows as a comparative example for the inventive use of a composite body 1 according to the invention, as such in Fig. 2 is shown, a conventional, produced from a forged tempered steel die 100 a pellet press.
  • the main body 110 of the die 100 has through holes 120.
  • a pellet press or mill usually consists of a metal ring - called matrix or die 100, with the holes 120, in the inside of press rollers, so-called Koller, are arranged.
  • the material to be pelleted is placed in the interior of the die 100 and acted upon by the Koller. If the material is between the press rolls and the die wall, it can only pass through the holes 120 of the die 100 forming pellets 130. After the pellets 130 have left the die 100, a knife shears the pellet strand to a desired pellet length.
  • pellets 130 pressed from wood chips are shown.
  • the wood chips are pushed through the through holes 120 and thereby highly compressed.
  • the cohesion of these pellets 130 takes place by the own lignin content of the wood.
  • the material undergoes a high pressure between the hulls and the die 100, which also causes the temperature to rise to about 100 ° C. This temperature causes the natural lignin to escape and the pellets 130 to be crusted.
  • the volume is reduced by this process to about one fifth.
  • the pressed pellet 130 decays again, since the lignin can only act as a binder under high pressure load. This has the disadvantage that the hole tolerances of such a die 100 are very narrow.
  • the diameter of the holes 120 widens in such a way that due to the too large volume after pressing sufficient internal binding of the pellets 130 is no longer guaranteed.
  • the abrasion at the inner diameters of the through holes 120 by the fiber structure and the mineral content (about 0.5 -1 percent SiO 2 ) of the wood chips was very high. After about 3500 hours, the allowable tolerances were exceeded, and the entire die body 110 had to be replaced.
  • a composite body 1 comprises at least two interconnected layers 10, 20 of different materials, wherein a first layer 10 consists of a hot isostatically compacted powder metallurgy material and a second layer 20 consists of steel.
  • the first layer 10 contains a steel produced by powder metallurgy with more than 5 percent of alloying elements, wherein in particular the steel of the first layer 10 is a chromium-containing steel which preferably contains a proportion of chromium in the range from 20 to 30 percent.
  • the carbon content of the steel of the first layer 10 may preferably be in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 percent.
  • the steel of the first layer 10 consists in each case in particular of X 260 Cr.
  • the composite body 1 according to the invention has a particularly high wear resistance in the region of the first layer 10.
  • the steel of the second layer 20 is not a powder metallurgy produced material.
  • the second layer 20 may in particular consist of a tempering steel, such as. B. from a hypoeutectoidal steel containing more than 5 percent of alloying elements, preferably chromium. However, it would also be possible to use a low-alloy steel with a minimum tensile strength of 500 N / mm 2 for this purpose.
  • the steel of the second layer 20 is in each case made of a chemically resistant steel having a composition as defined in the material groups 40 to 45 of DIN 17 007, Part 4.
  • the composite body 1 according to the invention has a particularly high strength in the region of the first layer 10.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the inventive method for producing the composite body according to the invention 1.
  • the two interconnected layers 10, 20 are prepared by using as material 11 to form the First layer 10 is a powder metallurgy produced steel with more than 5 percent of alloying elements is used, which is introduced together with a preformed solid steel 22 to form the second layer 20 in a gas-tight container 30, after which the container 30 is evacuated and then subjected to hot isostatic pressing becomes.
  • the powder is held in particular between the walls 33 of a container 30 which is formed of a gas-tight steel capsule.
  • the evacuation of the capsule prevents oxidation of the surface and favors both a sintering together of the individual powder grains in the first layer 10 and the powder grains to the massive material 22 of the second layer 20, which can be regarded as a kind of body and in the following examples also as such is called.
  • the sintered body is preferably annealed, mechanically processed and finally heat-treated and then, if necessary, mechanically reworked to increase the surface quality.
  • the heat treatment which is carried out to increase the strength of the layers 10, 20, thereby hardening, especially in the temperature range of 1050 ° C to 1140 ° C, preferably in the range of 1080 ° C to 1120 ° C, and a on or repeated tempering or tempering, especially in the temperature range of 200 ° C to 650 ° C.
  • An inventive composite body 1 was prepared by way of example as follows.
  • a base body consisting of the steel X 46 Cr 13 (1.4034 according to DIN 17 007, Part 4) was used.
  • Such a steel contains 0.42 to 0.50 percent carbon and chromium in a proportion in the range of 12.50 to 14.50 percent.
  • the main body consisted in particular of a hot-formed, preferably forged or rolled, annular steel blank.
  • the powder used had the following particle size distribution: Grain size in ⁇ m Percentage 400 - 500 13 300 - 400 22 200-300 26 100-200 24 20 - 100 15 0-20 0
  • the compact was annealed at 900 ° C for four hours and cooled to 600 ° C at 10 ° C / hr. This was followed by mechanical processing of the body. After working, hardening was carried out at 1120 ° C and three times tempering at 200 ° C. As a result, a hardness of HRC 61 was achieved outside in the first layer 10 and a tensile strength of approximately 750 N / mm 2 in the inside in the second layer 20.
  • a composite body 1 according to the invention which-as in the illustrated embodiment-is designed as a ring
  • the first layer 10 it is possible in principle for the first layer 10 to lie inside or outside and the second layer 20 to correspond to the outside or inside.
  • the composite body 1 according to the invention is to be used for producing a cylindrical matrix for a pellet press
  • the layers 10, 20 are penetrated by stepped bores 40/50, wherein in particular the diameter D1 of a bore stage 50 through the wear-resistant first layer 10 is smaller than the diameter D2 of a bore stage 40 through the second Layer 20.
  • the higher abrasively stressed outer (first) layer 10 also has the higher wear resistance.
  • the material to be pelleted passes easily into the inner stepped bore 40 with the larger diameter D2 and is gradually compressed more and more.
  • a conical bore course could also be provided here.
  • the lifetime of a female mold produced using the composite body 1 according to the invention could thus be extended to about 14,000 hours.
  • the material 22 used to form the second layer 20 was a base body consisting of the steel X 17 Cr Ni 16-2 (1.4057 according to DIN 17 007, Part 4). Such a steel contains 0.14 to 0.23 percent carbon, chromium in a proportion in the range of 15.50 to 17.50 percent, and nickel in a proportion in the range of 1.50 to 2.50 percent.
  • the material 22 for forming the second layer 20 was the same as in the first example.
  • the main body was filled together with the steel powder in a steel container, gas-tight welded and exposed in a HIP plant at 1100 ° C over a period of three hours to a pressure of about 1000 bar and compressed in this way.
  • the compact was annealed at 900 ° C for four hours and cooled to 600 ° C at 10 ° C / hr. This was followed by mechanical processing of the body. After working, hardening was carried out at 1120 ° C and tempering three times at 620 ° C. As a result, a hardness of HRC 61 was obtained outside in the first layer 10, and a tensile strength of approximately 820 N / mm 2 was achieved inside the second layer 20.
  • the lifetime of a matrix produced using the composite body 1 according to the invention could thus be extended to about 17,000 hours.
  • a base body consisting of the steel X 3 Cr Ni Mo 13-4 (1.4313 according to DIN 17 007, Part 4) was used.
  • Such a steel contains a maximum of 0.05 percent carbon, chromium in one Share in the range of 12.50 to 14.00 percent and nickel in a proportion in the range of 3.50 to 4.50 percent and molybdenum in a proportion in the range of 0.40 to 0.70 percent.
  • the material 22 for forming the second layer 20 was the same as in the first and in the second example.
  • the main body was filled together with the steel powder in a steel container, gas-tight welded and exposed in a HIP plant at 1100 ° C over a period of three hours to a pressure of about 1000 bar and compressed in this way.
  • the compact was annealed at 900 ° C for four hours and cooled to 600 ° C at 10 ° C / hr. This was followed by mechanical processing of the body. After working, hardening was carried out at 1120 ° C and tempering three times at 620 ° C. As a result, a hardness of HRC 61 was obtained outside in the first layer 10, and a tensile strength of approximately 820 N / mm 2 was achieved inside the second layer 20.
  • the lifetime of a matrix produced using the composite body 1 according to the invention could thus be extended to about 17,000 hours.
  • the lifetime of a matrix produced using the composite body 1 according to the invention could thus be extended to about 17,000 hours.
  • Example 2 the same technological procedure as in Example 1 was realized. There was only a filling of the materials 11, 22 as this in Fig. 4 is shown, so that in the composite body according to the invention, the first layer 10 inside and the second layer 20 came to lie correspondingly outside. For the composite body 1 and a template produced therefrom, the same parameter values were obtained as in Example 1.
  • the table contains the corresponding values for two other materials 22, which were used to form the second layer 20 by way of example as base body.
  • This is initially the material X 39 Cr Mo 17-1 (1.4122 according to DIN 17 007, Part 4).
  • Such a steel contains 0.33 to 0.45 percent carbon, chromium in a proportion in the range of 15.50 to 17.50 percent and nickel in a proportion of not more than 1.00 percent and molybdenum in a proportion in the range of 0.80 to 1.30 percent.
  • this is the material X 2 Cr Ni Mo N 22-5-3 (1.4462 according to DIN 17 007, Part 4).
  • Such a steel contains a maximum of 0.03 percent carbon, chromium in a proportion in the range of 21.00 to 23.00 percent and nickel in a proportion in the range of 4.50 to 6.50 percent and molybdenum in a proportion in the range of 2.50 to 3.50 percent.
  • the specific feature of this steel is its nitrogen content, which can range from 0.10 to 0.22 percent.
  • nitrides can be formed, by which a similar strength-increasing effect as can be achieved by carbides.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but also includes all the same in the context of the invention embodiments.
  • the steel compositions of the first and second layers 10, 20 may vary widely and may differ from the exemplary melt analyzes shown.
  • the person skilled in the art can also provide other expedient features or technical measures for constructive design of the composite body 1 according to the invention.
  • it could also be designed as a plate with superimposed first and second layers 10, 20.
  • the bore step 50 with the smaller diameter D1 inside and the bore step 40 with the larger diameter D2 are on the outside - regardless of whether the wear-resistant first layer 10 or the second layer 20 inside or outside.
  • the at least one end face of a ring or a plate according to the invention comprises a layer 10 which consists of a hot isostatically compacted powder metallurgy material 11, as described above.
  • the material 22 for forming the second layer 20 is a sheet metal 22a of the steel material 1.4462 (X 2 Cr Ni Mo N 22-5-3), the composition of which, when annotated in FIG Fig. 5 already mentioned table. It is a so-called duplex steel, ie a two-phase stainless steel, which combines the positive properties of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels. The ferrite content gives it a very high strength, while the austenite part causes high corrosion resistance and toughness. It is shown that in the container 30 on one side of the sheet 22a, the powder metallurgy material 11 is formed, which forms the first layer 10 by the hot isostatic compression.
  • powder metallurgically produced material 66 from the method of the invention, a HIP layer after the type of the first layer 10 is formed.
  • the fact that the material 66 forms such a layer is in Fig. 6 indicated by the reference numeral 60 in parentheses.
  • the powder of the material 44 may preferably consist of one of the materials, as shown in the table in Fig. 5 are reproduced.
  • the particle size distribution can in particular be chosen to be similar to that of the material 11 for forming the first layer 10. In this way, in the production of a perforated matrix in a technologically simplified manner Not be resorted to a pre-machined steel blank, thereby reducing the production costs and delivery times.
  • the invention is not limited to the feature combinations defined in independent claims 1, 13 and 19, but may also be defined by any other combination of particular features of all individually disclosed features. This means that in principle virtually every individual feature of the cited claims can be omitted or replaced by at least one individual feature disclosed elsewhere in the application. In this respect, the claims are to be understood merely as a first formulation attempt for an invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP11151376A 2010-03-04 2011-01-19 Corps composite pressé de manière isostatique à chaud, procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation Withdrawn EP2364800A1 (fr)

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DE201010010321 DE102010010321A1 (de) 2010-03-04 2010-03-04 Heißisostatisch gepresster Verbundkörper, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung

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EP2364800A1 true EP2364800A1 (fr) 2011-09-14

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3428300A1 (fr) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-16 Saar-Pulvermetall GmbH Rouleau pour un dispositif moulin et / ou presse, en particulier un rouleau de pressage pour une presse de fabrication de pellets et procédé de fabrication de rouleau
EP3639953A1 (fr) * 2018-10-19 2020-04-22 United Technologies Corporation Procédé de métallurgie des poudres utilisant un réservoir cylindrique à quatre parois

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015111093B4 (de) * 2015-07-09 2020-04-23 Benteler Steel/Tube Gmbh Rund- oder Mehrkantblock zur Herstellung eines nahtlosen warmgewalzten Rohrprodukts, Rohrprodukt sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rohrprodukts
CN111822717B (zh) * 2020-07-07 2022-05-13 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种粉末高速钢-弹簧钢复合薄板及其制造方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997012710A1 (fr) 1995-09-29 1997-04-10 Maschinenfabrik Köppern Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede de fabrication de grandes pieces annulaires
DE102004030397A1 (de) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-19 Hafner, Edzard, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ringmatrize für eine Ringmatrizenpresse insbesondere zur Herstellung von Pellets bzw. Preßlingen aus granulierten Roh- und Reststoffen, Ringmatrizenpresse mit einer solchen Ringmatrize und Verschleißhülse für eine solche Ringmatrize
DE202009008542U1 (de) * 2009-06-23 2009-08-20 Köppern Entwicklungs-GmbH Verschleißbeständiger Einsatz für ein Schneid- oder Brechwerkzeug

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997012710A1 (fr) 1995-09-29 1997-04-10 Maschinenfabrik Köppern Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede de fabrication de grandes pieces annulaires
DE102004030397A1 (de) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-19 Hafner, Edzard, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ringmatrize für eine Ringmatrizenpresse insbesondere zur Herstellung von Pellets bzw. Preßlingen aus granulierten Roh- und Reststoffen, Ringmatrizenpresse mit einer solchen Ringmatrize und Verschleißhülse für eine solche Ringmatrize
DE202009008542U1 (de) * 2009-06-23 2009-08-20 Köppern Entwicklungs-GmbH Verschleißbeständiger Einsatz für ein Schneid- oder Brechwerkzeug

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BROECKMANN C ET AL: "Cladding of briquetting tools by hot isostatic pressing for wear resistance", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POWDER METALLURGY (PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY),, vol. 44, no. 5, 1 September 2008 (2008-09-01), pages 49 - 56, XP008129504, ISSN: 0888-7462 *
THEISEN W: "Wear resistant PM-coatings produced by HIP-cladding", CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS / EURO PM 2004, POWDER METALLURGY WORLD CONGRESS & EXHIBITION : AUSTRIA CENTRE, VIENNA, AUSTRIA, 17 - 21 OCTOBER 2004, SHREWSBURY : EUROPEAN POWDER METALLURGY ASSOCIATION, GB, vol. 3, 17 October 2004 (2004-10-17), pages 797 - 802, XP008129506, ISBN: 978-1-899072-15-6 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3428300A1 (fr) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-16 Saar-Pulvermetall GmbH Rouleau pour un dispositif moulin et / ou presse, en particulier un rouleau de pressage pour une presse de fabrication de pellets et procédé de fabrication de rouleau
EP3639953A1 (fr) * 2018-10-19 2020-04-22 United Technologies Corporation Procédé de métallurgie des poudres utilisant un réservoir cylindrique à quatre parois

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