EP2362931B1 - Methode pour minimiser la consommation d'energie d'un chauffe-eau a accumulation a travers de la logique a apprentissage adaptatif - Google Patents

Methode pour minimiser la consommation d'energie d'un chauffe-eau a accumulation a travers de la logique a apprentissage adaptatif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2362931B1
EP2362931B1 EP09764038.7A EP09764038A EP2362931B1 EP 2362931 B1 EP2362931 B1 EP 2362931B1 EP 09764038 A EP09764038 A EP 09764038A EP 2362931 B1 EP2362931 B1 EP 2362931B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
water
water heater
value
time
Prior art date
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EP09764038.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2362931A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefano Ferroni
Lucio Latini
Angelo Mancini
Roberto Sampaolesi
Alessandro Stopponi
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Merloni Termosanitari SpA
Ariston SpA
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Merloni Termosanitari SpA
Ariston Thermo SpA
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Priority to PL09764038T priority Critical patent/PL2362931T3/pl
Publication of EP2362931A1 publication Critical patent/EP2362931A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F24H15/175—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature where the difference between the measured temperature and a set temperature is kept under a predetermined value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F24H15/225—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank at different heights of the tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/269—Time, e.g. hour or date
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/281—Input from user
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/395—Information to users, e.g. alarms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/486—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using timers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new method for the management of water maintenance temperature in a generic storage water heater controllable by an electronic control.
  • An instant water heater can dispense a hot water flow rate strictly proportional to the thermal power installed. Installing high powers is generally difficult and this poses a limit to the dispensable flow rate.
  • the advantage of water storage heaters is to be able to dispense very high water flow rates while limiting the thermal power installed.
  • the amount of water that can be dispensed at the usage temperature T u during a single tapping may be larger than the volume of the storage tank as this is especially kept at a storage temperature T.acc higher than said usage temperature T u and the water withdrawn is then used mixing it with cold water.
  • the selected storage volume is sufficient for meeting the largest of the expectable drawings for that specific utility keeping the storage temperature T.acc to the maximum possible value while the thermal power installed must be such as to restore a sufficient water reserve for the next drawing.
  • the minimum requirement for the service to always be met is that the water heater should in any case be kept at a minimum temperature not lower than the usage temperature T u so as to meet small unexpected drawings, and the storage volume should be sufficiently large to ensure the largest drawing expected for that utility while keeping the temperature to the maximum value allowed.
  • drawing profile consisting in tapping times and amounts
  • the drawing time is very uneven during the day, it is highly repetitive during predetermined time cycles that repeat, equal to one another: in particular for the one week interval.
  • user's behaviours are little changing so that a typical drawing profile can be recognised for Mondays, Tuesdays, and so on, with in particular, clear differences between working days and holidays, as well as, of course, for midweek holidays and for holiday periods.
  • Each of said repetitive time intervals is hereinafter referred to as drawing cycle.
  • the simple method that has always been used is to enable and disable the heating element by a clock so that the desired temperatures are only ensured within the time period when drawings are expected.
  • Another simple method, less effective from the energy point of view for the user but more economically advantageous for the same, is to actuate the heating element only during any time bands with a lower rate; the water may uselessly be too hot with a certain advance compared to the needs, but in any case it was obtained at relatively low cost.
  • thermostat T set is simply set to a fixed value; however, the storage temperature T.acc drops because the heating element is forcedly deactivated.
  • Document EP 0 866 282 provides for a device wherein it is possible to program the desired drawing sequence, that is, the drawing profile.
  • the amount of the n drawings envisaged in the time sequence t.1, t.2, ... t.k, ... t.n is recorded by setting for each time t.k the temperature T set.k deemed able to meet the k-th drawing P k .
  • a limit of the method consists in the difficulty of a correct programming, because the user cannot be aware of the actual drawing times of the hot water or of the actual values T set.k to set to obtain the desired amount of hot water at the usage temperature T u .
  • the programming method therefore implies a series of adjustments for tests and errors with the high probability that the user stops correcting the program when he/she assesses that the services is met, but without knowing whether he/she could obtain this with greater efficiency.
  • Another difficulty lies in the fact that the actual time of achievement of the desired temperature depends on the heating time, difficult to assess and in any case variable over time for the same water heater for various reasons, such as scale deposits, seasonal temperature variations in the room where the water heater is placed or of the water entering the storage tank, reduction of the actual thermal power of the heating element over time.
  • the prior document GB 2 146 797 acquires information on the drawing times and amounts through flow and rate sensors for each drawing, the storage temperature T.acc at an intermediate value between the minimum and maximum allowed and proportional to the expected drawing volume.
  • the method has the disadvantage of requiring the presence of flow sensors for sensing the drawings; moreover, it does not allow for corrections, meaning that it learns the drawing variability but, assigning an unchangeable temperature to each drawing amount as it is generated by a preset formula, it is not able to correct it if it is too high or too low.
  • the sequence of the drawing times and of the corresponding desired storage temperatures T.acc are set in an electronic processor; the processor consequently determines the values that the thermostat adjustment temperature must take in each time interval. Afterwards, such adjustment temperatures are changed rising them for the intervals in which the desired storage temperatures T.acc have not been reached, and dropping them in the opposite case.
  • a limit of the method, as in the first document mentioned, is the need of having to preset the times of the expected drawings; another limit, as in the second document mentioned, is that the desired and preset storage temperature T.acc is kept, however it may not be the best one for ensuring the service in the most effective manner.
  • the thermal power to be supplied is calculated considering the water temperatures read at intervals of time but even environment parameters (such as ambient temperature) and/or constructive (such as thermophysical and/or geometrical characteristics of the water heater itself) so that the managing software has to be customized for each water heater model.
  • the method disclosed in US 5 526 287 A detects the beginning and the end of a drawing monitoring, from the exterior, the temperature of the cold water in the inlet pipe of a storage.
  • Such control method should be considered inadequate to detect both entity as actual duration of the drawing: the outer temperature of the inlet pipe, in fact, varies with the flowing of cold water according to modality strongly influenced by the external temperature, thermal inertia of the pipe as well as temperature of the hot water in the storage that is transmitted along the pipe.
  • the temperature to assure to the hot water is calculated considering continuously both said temperature external to the inlet pipe and that of the outlet pipe as well as the entity of the occurring drawing, the thermal losses and the available thermal energy according to formulae that use empirically predefined constant (R, B, C) as well as water heater characteristics. Neither such method is suitable to assure the service for a storage water heater since, as for the above document, it operates too tardily.
  • An object of the present invention in a water heater is to keep a storage temperature T.acc thereof such as to meet all the drawings that may be expected by the usual behaviour of the utility while minimising thermal dispersions.
  • a second object of the present invention is to automatically learn and store, at least for cycles of weekly drawings, the drawing profile consisting in times and amounts of the same without needing manual settings or flow detectors.
  • a third object of the present invention is to detect utility behaviour changes changing the learnt and stored drawing profile accordingly.
  • a further object of the present invention is to allow an amount of water a little higher than that consumed in the previous cycle at each drawing.
  • a water storage heater 1 hereinafter simply referred to as water heater 1
  • tank 2 provided with a cold water inlet 2.1, a hot water outlet 2.2.
  • a heating element 3 which in the figure is schematically shown as an electrical resistor but which could consist of any other equivalent means, such as a gas combustion unit or a heat exchanger or else, is in charge of water heating.
  • said regulator 4 is provided with means IN suitable for introducing first data therein from the outside, for example during production through input IN.1 and/or upon installation through input IN.2 and/or at a later time by the user through input IN.3. Moreover, through input IN.4, regulator 4 receives second data from one or more sensors S; S1, S2 that sense one or more corresponding temperatures T, T1, T2 of water in their immediate vicinity inside tank 2.
  • a single sensor S; S1 is provided, it is placed where the thermostat sensor of a water heater 1 is normally placed according to the prior art, that is, substantially 1/3 away from the bottom.
  • said sensor S1 is placed lower, 100 ⁇ 200 mm away from the bottom and in any case in the proximity of the cold water inlet 2.1.
  • sensors are all distributed so as to sense the temperature pattern along the vertical axis with certain accuracy; however, it has been found that only two sensors S1 and S2 are sufficient for a good application of the method according to the invention.
  • sensor S1 arranged at about 190 mm from the bottom and sensor S2 at about 260 mm from the same bottom.
  • a memory MEM suitable for storing: said first data received from the outside;
  • regulator 4 is provided with first means U1 for sending output signals for the ON-OFF or modulating control of the heating element 3 besides any second output means U2 for signalling the system status to the user and/or to the operator.
  • the output means U2 may consist of a display capable of showing the storage temperature, the drawing profile and so on.
  • the data said regulator 4 is capable of acquiring allow it to process further data representing
  • said regulator 4 is capable of piloting the heating element 3 so that, in the drawing cycles following the first one, during which the utility behaviour is assumed to be substantially equal to that of the previous drawing cycles, the storage temperature is kept to the minimum value required to meet the single drawings as much as it is physically possible.
  • regulator 4 is capable of detecting, as the subsequent drawing cycles run, any considerable changes of the utility behaviour that may require a corresponding change of the drawing profile sensed and stored, or of the water heating speed that may require a corresponding change of the water heating start times.
  • regulator 4 can carry out for obtaining what described above, upon the first start-up, water heater 1 starts operating keeping the temperature of tank 2 to values stored to memory MEM of regulator 4 after which it is capable of learning the drawing profile (that is, times and amounts of the single drawings) simply by processing data received from the one or more sensors S; S1, S2 during the actual utility operation.
  • regulator 4 by processing the same data coming from said one or more sensors S; S1, S2, regulator 4 is capable of calculating the thermal inertia of water heater 1 or better, the water heating speed characteristic of the thermal system, substantially consisting in tank 2 and in heating element 3.
  • a higher final water temperature at the end of the drawing than the usage temperature T u denotes that the required drawing has been met; on the other hand, if the final temperature is lower, this means that the user has received too cold water, that is, that the required service has not been provided in full.
  • the temperature increase speed allows deducing the time required for changing from any first temperature to a second target temperature without the need of knowing the thermal capacity of tank 2, insulation quality and thermal power of the heating element 3.
  • Water heater 1 therefore, at the end of the learning of its internal features and of the utility features, is capable of maintaining the temperature of tank 2 to values that are variable over time and the lowest possible yet always sufficient for ensuring the single drawings, while the information on said temperature provided from the outside through said first data only serves for operating water heater 1 itself during the first cycle of drawings so that the service to the user is certainly ensured since the first start-up.
  • T m said water temperature, generically indicates the temperature resulting from the mean of the one or more temperatures T, T1, T2 sensed by the one or more sensors S, S1, S2; such mean is not necessarily an arithmetical mean but it can be a weighed mean to give more importance to one or the other of said one or more temperatures T, T1, T2.
  • T set.k indicates the P k drawing temperature, and is the temperature to ensure at the beginning of the k-th drawing P k .
  • Said drawing temperatures T set.k have a predetermined initial value T set higher than or equal to the value required for meeting the largest drawing expected; afterwards, they take values calculated by regulator 4 for each of the k drawings expected.
  • T set.max indicates the maximum setting temperature (generally 75 °C) that for safety reasons ensures that the water does not exceed hazardous values.
  • T req.max indicates the maximum temperature required for meeting the largest drawing to be ensured for each model of water heater 1. More precisely, it is clear that the reason why models of water heaters 1 differing by capacity of the storage tank 2 and by power of the heating element 3 are manufactured, is to meet different more or less important utility categories; the largest among the various required drawings thereof is substantially known and as a consequence, said maximum temperature T req.max required to the purpose. In conclusion, the maximum temperature required T req.max is a known and predetermined value associated to each model of water heater 1 and to the corresponding utility category said model of water heater 1 is intended for.
  • a preferred value for the maximum required temperature T req.max is 52 °C.
  • Said maximum required temperature T req.max of course is lower than the maximum setting temperature T set.max so that water heater 1 is capable of ensuring also larger drawings than those normally expected.
  • T stand-by indicates the maintenance temperature to ensure at times far-off the drawings, preferably but not necessarily sufficient for allowing temperature T m of the water to ensure small unexpected drawings; this is also a parameter with which the actual water temperature T m is compared.
  • the maintenance temperature T stand-by has a predetermined value preferably equal to the usage temperature T u and thus comprised between 35 and 45 °C; it is not subject to processing over time, but for allowing a manual correction thereof if the preset value does not meet the utility or is regarded as excessive.
  • T target indicates the target temperature.
  • the target temperature T target is preset equal to T set . Afterwards, it is set by regulator 4 equal to the maintenance temperature T stand-by away from the drawing times but it must reach the value of the drawing temperature T set..k with a heating advance time interval ⁇ t advance before the expected drawing start time t ik and kept for a delay time interval ⁇ t delay subsequent to the drawing start time t ik itself.
  • ⁇ T hysteresis defines the hysteresis associated to said target temperature T target . Similar to a conventional thermostat, in fact, regulator 4 enables the heating element 3 when the water temperature T m drops below the value T target - ⁇ T hysteresis (that is, if T m ⁇ T target - ⁇ T hysteresis ) and disables it when the water temperature T m is higher than T target (that is, if T m > T target ).
  • hysteresis ⁇ T hysteresis is predetermined; it may be very low, as in all electronic temperature regulators (for example 0.5 °C) if the heating element 3 is a group of electrical resistors piloted by regulator 4 through a TRIAC. On the other hand, if regulator 4 pilots the heating element 3 through relays, hysteresis ⁇ T hysteresis has a considerably higher value to prevent an excessive ON-OFF switching frequency of the same relays.
  • the value of hysteresis ⁇ T hysteresis is set equal to 5 °C when the target temperature T target is set equal to the maintenance temperature T stand-by so as to ensure, with good accuracy, that the water temperature T m actually has a useful value for the utility; on the other hand, when the target temperature T target is set equal to the drawing temperature T set the value of hysteresis ⁇ T hysteresis may be higher (for example 8 °C).
  • I wh indicates the inertia of water heater 1 and indicates the rising speed of temperature T m when the water heater 3 is on.
  • the value T m1 of the water temperature T m at a given time is recorded; this preferably matches the first start-up time of water heater 1;
  • inertia I wh of water heater 1 Since different degradation factors of water heater 1 and environmental factors (for example seasonal variations in the temperature of the room water heater 1 is located in) may have significant influences on the value of inertia I wh of water heater 1, this is preferably recalculated periodically, for example upon each start-up of water heater 1 after a deactivation period (such as during holidays) and/or whenever regulator 4 decides that the target temperature T target must change from the maintenance temperature T stand-by to the drawing temperature T set .
  • the drawing profile is recorded during all of said learning cycle substantially considered as equal and representative of the following drawing cycles. Said recording may then be repeated during the next cycles so as to keep into account any changes in the utility behaviour.
  • the recording may start at any time t of the cycle and the start times t ik of each drawing P k of the n total drawings that will be comprised in the cycle (where k indicates the subsequent values from 1 to n), as well as the values T mik and T mfk the water temperature T m has at the drawing start and end, respectively, are recorded during it.
  • Said times t, t k may in any case be measured from the time taken as cycle start (for example from hours 0 of Monday if the cycle has a weekly duration).
  • Said step is divided into an alternating sequence of n first sub-steps at the end of which the start time t ik of drawing P k and the corresponding drawing start temperature T mik are detected, followed by as many second sub-steps at the end of which the end time t fk of drawing P k , the corresponding drawing end temperature T mfk are detected, and the amount of the drawing itself is assessed.
  • the temperature T indicated by sensor S is monitored, capable, relative to all of the one or more sensors S, S1, S2, of being more influenced by temperature variations due to the inlet of cold water; generally, it is sensor S arranged in the lowest position (sensor S1 of figure 1 ) which is the closest to the cold water inlet 2.1.
  • a drawing P k is regarded as started when, at a time t c , at the end of a sampling interval ⁇ t c , it is noted that the temperature T(t c ) read at said time etc has decreased compared to the value T(t c - ⁇ t c ) read at the previous time t c - ⁇ t c by an amount greater than or equal to a predetermined value ⁇ T p .
  • Said sampling time intervals ⁇ t c may be quite short, preferably 10 seconds and, correspondingly, said temperature reduction ⁇ T p is preferably equal to 0.2 °C.
  • the drawing start time t ik is not deemed as coinciding with time t c in which said temperature reduction of more than ⁇ T p is verified; in fact, for the thermal inertia of said sensor S, S1 and for its distance from the cold water inlet 2.1, the temperature decrease takes place with a certain delay relative to time t ik of actual drawing start that has therefore occurred with an advance interval ⁇ t ant relative to time t c .
  • step of drawing profile recording continues for the entire cycle, alternating said first and second sub-steps that, ending automatically at the beginning and at the end of each drawing respectively, will total the same number as the drawings.
  • each drawing P k is determined by two characteristic parameters, drawing start time t ik and temperature drop ⁇ T k produced thereby.
  • regulator 4 maintains the target temperature T target always equal to the maintenance temperature T stand-by but for ensuring the drawing temperature T set at the start of each drawing P k .
  • the advance time interval ⁇ t advance.k is calculated, starting from which the heating element 3 must be enabled for the temperature T set of drawing P k to actually be achieved at said expected drawing start time t ik .
  • the target temperature T target is led to the drawing P k temperature, T set.k if at said time t the following condition is met: t ik - ⁇ t advance , k ⁇ t ⁇ t ik + ⁇ t delay
  • the delay time interval ⁇ t delay has a predetermined value, is optional (that is, it may also be set equal to zero) and has the additional function of allowing the heating element 3 to supply additional thermal energy by which larger drawings than what allowed by the drawing temperature T set.k are met, this being limited by the maximum setting temperature T set.max .
  • the delay time value ⁇ t delay consequently depends on the utility type and on the model of water heater 1 that is most suitable for said utility.
  • such delay time ⁇ t delay may be of 15 minutes.
  • the method according to the invention sets it equal to said temperature drop ⁇ T k caused by drawing P k to which said predetermined value of the maximum temperature required T req.max and an empirical corrective term of a value of 5 °C are added.
  • T set , k ⁇ T k + T req max + 5 T set , k ⁇ T standby T set , k ⁇ T set , max
  • formula 7 ensures a reduction of thermal dispersions in the order of 10% in a standard water heater 1 while ensuring the fulfilment of the required service.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau à accumulation (1) dans lequel l'eau est chauffée par un élément de chauffage (3) commandé par un régulateur (4), le procédé comprenant,
    - une première étape, durant une séquence de cycles d'aspiration,
    - pendant laquelle des informations sont acquises quant'au profil d'aspiration de ladite séquence de cycles d'aspiration, ladite acquisition d'informations ayant lieu pendant un premier desdits cycles d'aspirations
    - une deuxième étape,
    - pendant laquelle la température de l'eau (Tm) est amenée à la valeur de température d'aspiration (Tset.k) suffisante pour garantir ladite aspiration à la température d'utilisation (Tu), ladite valeur de température (Tset.k) étant déduite des informations acquises ci-dessus et ladite température de l'eau (Tm) étant considérée comme représentative de la distribution de température à l'intérieur du réservoir de stockage (2) dudit chauffe-eau à accumulation (1),
    - pendant laquelle la température de l'eau (T, T(tc)) est mesurée dans une zone dudit réservoir (2) la plus susceptible, par rapport à d'autres zones, d'être influencée par les variations de température à la suite de l'entrée de l'eau froide
    caractérisé en ce que
    - ledit profil d'aspiration est substantiellement répété sans changer sensiblement dans des cycles d'aspiration ultérieurs
    - ladite deuxième étape se déroule avant le temps (tik) de départ d'aspiration (Pk), et ce pour toutes les aspirations (n) comprises dans chacun desdits cycles d'aspiration
    - ladite température de l'eau (Tm) est maintenue inférieure ou égale à la température de consigne maximum (Tset.max) inférieure aux valeurs dangereuses,
    et caractérisé en ce que
    - ladite acquisition d'informations quand au profil d'aspiration consiste à calculer, pour chacune desdites aspirations (k),
    - le temps de départ d'aspiration (tik,)
    - et la chute de température correspondante (ΔTk)
    - tel calcul étant effectué uniquement par le traitement des données obtenues
    - de la mesure du temps qui passe (t, tc),
    - de ladite température de l'eau (T, T(tc)) telle que mesurée dans une zone du réservoir de stockage (2)) la plus susceptible, par rapport à d'autres zones, d'être influencée par les variations de température à cause de l'entrée de l'eau froide
    - de ladite température de l'eau (Tm), celle-ci (Tm) étant la valeur résultant de la moyenne d'une ou plusieurs températures (T; T1, T2) mesurées à des hauteurs différentes (S, S1, S2) dudit réservoir de stockage (2).
  2. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que
    - une aspiration (Pk) est considérée comme commencée lorsque, à un moment (tc), à la fin d'un intervalle d'échantillonnage (δtc), on note que la température (T(tc)) acquise à ce moment-là (tc) dans ladite zone du réservoir de stockage (2) la plus influencée par l'entrée d'eau froide, a diminué par rapport à la valeur (T(tc - δtc)) acquise précédemment (tc - δtc ), d'une valeur supérieure ou égale à une valeur de réduction de température prédéterminée (δTp), c'est-à-dire, quand la condition T(tc - δtc) - T(tc) ≥ δTp s'est produite
    et en ce que
    - ledit temps de départ d'aspiration (tik,) est considéré antérieur audit temps (tc) d'un temps d'avance prédéterminé (δtadv), c'est-à-dire, il est le résultat de la formule tik = tc - δtadv.
  3. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que
    ladite aspiration (Pk) est considérée comme commencée si la vitesse de chute de la température a dépassé la valeur de 0,02 °C/sec.
  4. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que
    ledit intervalle d'échantillonnage (δtc) est égal à 10 secondes.
  5. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que
    ledit intervalle d'avance (δtadv) est égal à 180 secondes.
  6. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    - la température (Tmik) de l'eau (Tm) acquise lors du moment de départ d'aspiration (tik) est enregistrée,
    - la température de l'eau (Tm) est surveillée à partir du moment de départ d'aspiration (tik),
    - l'aspiration est considérée comme terminée lorsque ladite température de l'eau (Tm) atteint une valeur minimum,
    - ladite valeur minimum est considérée comme la température de l'eau à la fin de l'aspiration (Tmfk),
    - ladite réduction de température (δTk) à la suite de l'aspiration (Pk) est calculée comme différence entre lesdites températures initiale et finale (Tmik, Tmfk), c'est-à-dire, selon la formule δTk = Tmik - Tmfk.
  7. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la valeur de température d'aspiration (Tset.k) suffisante pour garantir ladite aspiration (Pk) à la température d'utilisation (Tu) est atteinte
    - en ajoutant une valeur prédéterminée de température maximum requise (Treq.max) et un terme empirique ultérieur de correction de la valeur de 5 °C à ladite chute de température (ΔTk), c'est-à-dire, selon la formule Tset.k = ΔTk + Treq.max + 5,
    - mais tout en gardant ladite valeur de température d'aspiration (Tset.k) comprise entre la valeur de température de maintenance (Tstand-by) et la valeur de température de consigne maximum (Tset.max),
    où
    - ladite valeur prédéterminée de température maximum requise (Treq.max) est la valeur suffisante pour satisfaire l'aspiration la plus grande prévisible pour les types d'utilisateurs pour lesquels ledit modèle de chauffe-eau (1) est considéré comme approprié,
    - ladite valeur de maintenance de température (Tstand-by) est celle à établir pour assurer que de petites aspirations imprévues peuvent s'obtenir à la température d'utilisation (Tu).
  8. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que
    ladite valeur souhaitée de température maximum requise (Treq.max) est 52 °C.
  9. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    - la température de l'eau (Tm) est toujours maintenue à une valeur-cible (Ttarget) qui:
    - pendant le premier desdits cycles d'aspiration, au cours duquel lesdites informations sur le profil d'aspiration sont acquises, est égale à une valeur préréglée (Tset),
    - pendant les cycles d'aspiration suivants,
    - est fixée égale à la température de maintenance (Tstand-by), loin des moments d'aspiration
    - mais qui est amenée à la température d'aspiration (Tset.k) à l'heure de départ d'aspiration (tik) prévue.
  10. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que
    afin que la température de l'eau (Tm) puisse atteindre la valeur de température d'aspiration (Tset.k) à l'heure où l'on prévoit le départ d'aspiration (tik),
    - la valeur (Tm1) de température de l'eau (Tm) à un moment donné est enregistrée,
    - la valeur (Tm2) que la température de l'eau (Tm) a atteint (Δt) après un temps prédéterminé est enregistrée,
    - la valeur d'inertie (Iwh) du chauffe-eau (1) est calculée selon la formule Iwh = (Tm2-Tm1)/Δt
    - un temps d'avance (Δtadvance) est calculé selon la formule Δtadvance.k = (Tset.k - Tm) / Iwh
    - l'élément de chauffage (3) est actionné avec une avance égale au temps d'avance (Δtadvance) par rapport au temps de départ d'aspiration (tik).
  11. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon au moins la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    ladite température-cible (Ttarget) est maintenue égale à la valeur de la température d'aspiration (Tset.k) pendant un intervalle entier de temps de retard (Δtdelay) suivant le temps de départ d'aspiration prévu (tik), où ledit intervalle de temps de retard (Δtdelay)
    - est une valeur prédéterminée pour chaque modèle de chauffe-eau (1),
    - a une durée telle à satisfaire les aspirations plus grandes que celles consenties par la température d'aspiration (Tset.k).
  12. Procédé pour gérer un chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que
    ledit intervalle de temps de retard (Δtdelay) est égal à 15 minutes.
  13. Régulateur (4) pour un chauffe-eau (1) équipé de
    - moyens (IN, IN.1, IN.2, IN.3) appropriés pour que l'utilisateur puisse y introduire les premières données de l'extérieur pendant la production et/ou lors de l'installation et/ou à une date ultérieure
    - moyens (IN, IN.4) appropriés pour que l'utilisateur puisse y introduire les deuxièmes données de température (T, T1, T2) de l'eau chauffée dans le réservoir de chauffage (2) et captée par un ou plusieurs capteurs (S, S1, S2)
    - une mémoire (MEM) convenable pour stocker lesdites premières données reçues de l'extérieur, lesdites deuxièmes données de température reçues dudit ou desdits capteur(s) (S, S1, S2) ainsi que tout paramètre ultérieur traité par lesdites premières et deuxièmes données,
    - unité de traitement (UE) adaptée pour traiter lesdites premières et deuxièmes données pour obtenir lesdits paramètres,
    - une horloge (CLOCK) pour associer au moins certains desdits paramètres à des temps correspondants
    - des premiers moyens (U1) pour envoyer des signaux de sortie pour l'ON-OFF ou moduler le contrôle d'un élément de chauffage (3) adapté pour le chauffage de l'eau dans ledit réservoir de stockage (2)
    - un deuxième moyen de sortie (U2) pour signaler l'état du système à l'utilisateur et/ou à l'opérateur
    caractérisé en ce que
    il convient à la réalisation du procédé de la revendication 1.
  14. Chauffe-eau (1) équipé de
    - un élément de chauffage (3)
    - un ou plusieurs capteurs (S, S1, S2) situés à des hauteurs différentes à des positions telles que (S, S1, S2) les températures (T, T1, T2) captées par eux sont représentatives de la distribution de la température à l'intérieur du réservoir (2)
    caractérisé en ce que
    il comprend également un régulateur (4) selon la revendication 13.
  15. Chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un ou plusieurs desdits capteur(s) (S, S1, S2) consistent en un seul capteur (S, S1).
  16. Chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication 14
    caractérisé en ce que
    un ou plusieurs desdits capteurs (S, S1, S2) consistent en deux capteurs (S, S1, S2)
    le premier capteur (S, S1) étant situé en bas, fondamentalement de 100 à 200 mm du bas du réservoir et, de toute manière, à proximité de l'entrée d'eau froide (2.1) du réservoir de stockage (2).
  17. Chauffe-eau (1) selon la revendication 14
    caractérisé en ce que
    plus de deux capteurs (S, S1, S2) sont fournis distribués de manière à pouvoir détecter le régime de température (T, T1, T2) le long de l'axe vertical avec une certaine précision.
EP09764038.7A 2008-11-28 2009-11-17 Methode pour minimiser la consommation d'energie d'un chauffe-eau a accumulation a travers de la logique a apprentissage adaptatif Active EP2362931B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL09764038T PL2362931T3 (pl) 2008-11-28 2009-11-17 Sposób minimalizowania zużycia energii pojemnościowego podgrzewacza wody za pośrednictwem logiki adaptacyjnego poznawania

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITAN2008A000052A IT1392118B1 (it) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Metodo per la minimizzazione dei consumi energetici di uno scaldaacqua ad accumulo tramite logica di apprendimento adattativa
PCT/IB2009/007494 WO2010061264A1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2009-11-17 Procédé pour rendre minimale la consommation d'énergie d'un chauffe-eau à accumulation par une logique d'apprentissage adaptative

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EP2362931B1 true EP2362931B1 (fr) 2016-02-17

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ES2440166B1 (es) * 2012-07-25 2014-11-05 Fagor, S. Coop. Acumulador de agua caliente
ES2469946B1 (es) * 2012-12-18 2015-03-31 Fagor, S.Coop. Acumulador de agua caliente
FR3036778A1 (fr) * 2015-05-29 2016-12-02 Electricite De France Procede d'estimation d'un profil de temperature d'un reservoir d'eau d'un chauffe-eau
CN112944689B (zh) * 2021-03-06 2022-04-29 浙江大元泵业股份有限公司 一种记忆用户使用习惯的循环水泵控制方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2572359T3 (es) 2016-05-31
EP2362931A1 (fr) 2011-09-07
IT1392118B1 (it) 2012-02-22
ITAN20080052A1 (it) 2010-05-29
WO2010061264A1 (fr) 2010-06-03
PL2362931T3 (pl) 2016-08-31

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