EP2355274B1 - Elément de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Elément de protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2355274B1
EP2355274B1 EP11001035.2A EP11001035A EP2355274B1 EP 2355274 B1 EP2355274 B1 EP 2355274B1 EP 11001035 A EP11001035 A EP 11001035A EP 2355274 B1 EP2355274 B1 EP 2355274B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
overvoltage protection
overvoltage
protection element
display
thermally activatable
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP11001035.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2355274A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Dipl.-Ing. Durth
Christian Dipl.-Ing. Depping
Thomas Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2355274A1 publication Critical patent/EP2355274A1/fr
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Publication of EP2355274B1 publication Critical patent/EP2355274B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/12—Means structurally associated with spark gap for recording operation thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection element having a housing, with at least one overvoltage limiting component arranged in the housing, with connecting elements for electrically connecting the overvoltage protection element to the current or signal path to be protected and with a status display having a display element for indicating the state of the overvoltage protection element.
  • overvoltage limiting components arranged in an overvoltage protection element are subject to progressive degradation, i. an aging-related change in the parameters of the overvoltage limiting components. Over the course of time, the degradation process can lead to a failure of the surge arrester during a discharge process or even under grid conditions.
  • Varistors "old” both with applied operating voltage as well as each occurring discharge. As the degradation progresses, the resistance in the "non-conductive" state of the varistor is reduced in the first place, so that the occurring leakage current increases, which leads to a heating of the varistor. This heating of the varistor is used in the known overvoltage protection elements to trigger a separation mechanism from a predetermined temperature, which electrically disconnects the varistor from the current or signal path to be protected.
  • an overvoltage protection element in which the monitoring of the state of a varistor according to the principle of a temperature switch, so that when overheating of the varistor a provided between the varistor and a separator solder joint is separated, resulting in an electrical separation of the varistor.
  • a plastic element is pushed by the restoring force of a spring from a first position to a second position in which the formed as a resilient metal tongue separating element is thermally and electrically separated from the varistor by the plastic element, so that a possibly between the metal tongue and the contact point of the varistor arcing arc is deleted. Since the plastic element has two juxtaposed colored markings, it also acts as an optical status indicator, whereby the state of the overvoltage protection element - functional (green) or separated (red) - can be read directly on the spot.
  • the DE 10 2007 006 617 B3 discloses an overvoltage protection element comprising two overvoltage-limiting components arranged in a housing, in which the two overvoltage-limiting components, which may be two varistor disks, are individually separated in the event of overheating.
  • the optical status display thus the three different states - both varistors functional, a varistor no longer functional and separated, both varistors no longer functional and separated - are displayed. Even with this overvoltage protection element, however, the optical status display only indicates whether one or both varistors are functional or not. An additional indication of the state of a still functional varistor is not provided in the known overvoltage protection elements.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an overvoltage protection element described above, which in the simplest possible way a statement or a conclusion on the state of the overvoltage protection element permits.
  • thermoly activatable endothermic material is provided that is in thermal contact with the overvoltage limiting component as well as in mechanical contact with the display element of the status display, wherein in a heating of the overvoltage limiting component above a determined minimum temperature, the display element due to an expansion of the thermally activated endothermic material performs a position change whose size is a measure of the heating of the overvoltage limiting component.
  • the invention is based on the finding that for a surge-limiting component, a maximum energy can be determined or determined, which can implement or implement the device over its lifetime, without causing a critical change in the nominal parameters of the device. If this maximum energy has been implemented, then typical parameters of the overvoltage protection element, for example the maximum pulse strength, the leakage current behavior or the network follow current behavior may be impaired, so that the overvoltage protection element should be replaced.
  • the invention is also based on the finding that an energy conversion in the overvoltage limiting component always leads to a heating of the device, wherein the heating represents a direct measure of the internal energy expenditure. Starting at a component-specific temperature threshold, the heating of the component, which occurs, for example, when a surge current is dissipated, represents a proportional measure of the degradation of the overvoltage-limiting component.
  • the heat emitted by the overvoltage limiting component due to the energy converted is used to activate an endothermic chemical or physical process.
  • the thermally activated endothermic material which is arranged in thermal contact with the overvoltage limiting component, thereby assumes both the function of a sensor which detects the heating of the overvoltage limiting component, as well as the function of an actuator which actuates the display element of the status display.
  • blowing agents may also be used or incorporated into the materials, which are e.g. Liquid-filled plastic beads contain, which expand when heated due to the ball-internal pressure increase.
  • the minimum temperature at which the material expands should correspond approximately to the temperature at which degradation of the overvoltage limiting component is to be expected.
  • Each heating of the overvoltage limiting component - caused by an energy conversion in the interior of the component - above the minimum temperature then leads to an expansion of the thermally activated endothermic material and thus to a corresponding change in position of the display element of the status display.
  • the thermally activatable endothermic material is such that the expansion of the material which has occurred above a certain minimum temperature due to heating of the overvoltage limiting component is irreversible. An expansion of the material due to a certain heating thus remains, even if the overvoltage limiting component and also the material have cooled down again.
  • a certain change in position of the display element of the status display can be caused both by the single turnover of a large amount of energy and the resulting strong heating of the overvoltage limiting component as well as by the successive implementation of several smaller amounts of energy and the resulting multiple, each lower heating of the device.
  • the damage of surge arresters, in particular of spark gaps and varistors, takes place according to a nonlinear curve as a function of the pulse height and the heating.
  • One-time very high pulses with the consequence of very high heating have a significantly higher damaging influence than several pulses of medium power and heating. Small impulses hardly heat the varistor and, even with a very high number, do not cause any noticeable damage. This behavior corresponds in a very good way with the progress of the expansion of suitable blowing agents, which show almost no reaction below a threshold temperature and show a disproportionate reaction when heated very strongly.
  • the amount, the arrangement and the nature of the thermally activated endothermic material is selected such that the material then reaches its maximum extent when the overvoltage limiting device has implemented the amount of energy that maximally implement it over its lifetime may or should. If the previously determined maximum energy has been converted in the overvoltage limiting component so that the end of the prescribed service life of the component has been reached, the endothermic material should also have reached its maximum extent.
  • the maximum change in position of the display element of the status display can be set in a simple manner at the same time, so that the residual life of the overvoltage limiting component that remains is recognizable on the basis of the position of the display element.
  • thermally activatable endothermic material for example, a material with memory effect can be used.
  • materials with memory effect both plastics and metals are known, wherein the utilization of the so-called one-way memory effect, the aforementioned preferred irreverisible expansion of the material can be achieved.
  • an intumescent material which is preferably composed of a low-melting plastic, for example polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), and a blowing agent can also be used as thermally activatable endothermic material.
  • a low-melting plastic for example polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP)
  • PP polypropylene
  • the mixture of blowing agents with polyolefins and waxes has proven to be particularly advantageous, which become liquid or viscous even at a temperature below the expansion temperature of the blowing agent.
  • the intumescent material may be in a solid state. If the temperature of the intumescent material increases due to heating of the overvoltage-limiting component, the intumescent material changes its state of aggregation and becomes liquid. After exceeding a certain temperature, the intumescent material reacts with a strong volume increase; the intumescent material foams up.
  • This increase in volume of an intumescent material caused by the temperature rise can be used in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention to change the position of the display element of the status display. If the intumescent material is only heated for a short time, or only to a relatively low temperature above the minimum temperature, this results in only a part of the intumescent Material reacts, ie foams.
  • the increase in volume of the intumescent material then represents - intentionally - a measure of the heating of the intumescent material and thus a measure of the energy conversion in the overvoltage-limiting component.
  • thermally activatable endothermic material relative to the overvoltage limiting component and relative to the display element of the status display, there are various possibilities, such an arrangement is advantageous, which ensures a good and most durable thermal contact between the overvoltage limiting component and the material.
  • a rod-shaped actuating element is arranged between the thermally activated endothermic material and the display element of the status display, which is connected at its one end to the display element and at its other end with a piston.
  • the thermally activatable material is arranged in a housing, in which the piston and a part of the actuating element are arranged displaceably, so that the piston can be moved in acting as a kind of cylinder housing by the propagating material.
  • the housing which accommodates the endothermic material and the piston and a part of the actuating element, is in thermal contact with the overvoltage limiting component, for which purpose the housing can be fastened directly to an outer side of the overvoltage limiting component, for example a disk-shaped varistor. It has proven to be advantageous if the housing consists of a material of high thermal conductivity, in particular has a thermal conductivity which is greater than that of the thermally activated endothermic material. Thereby, the risk of thermal decoupling by an already partially expanded material can be largely avoided.
  • a spring element can be arranged within the housing, the spring force of which counteracts the compressive force generated by the expansion of the thermally activatable endothermic material Material works.
  • the spring element which may be, for example, a cylinder spring, for example, be clamped between the endothermic material facing away from the side of the piston of the actuating element and the opposite inner wall of the housing and surrounding the actuating element concentric.
  • thermoelectric elements are preferably formed integrally with the housing. If the thermally activated endothermic material is an intumescent material, the thermoconductive elements preferably protrude into the intumescent material or are surrounded by the intumescent material, the thermoconductive elements having a length greater than the corresponding extent of the intumescent material in the unexpanded state. This ensures that, even in the already (partially) expanded state of the intumescent material, good heat is introduced via the thermo-conducting elements into the intumescent material.
  • an actively heating element can be used, which is in thermal contact with the thermally activatable endothermic material, so that heating of the actively heating element leads to heating of the thermally activatable endothermic material. So that the active heating element only heats up when the overvoltage limiting component also heats up, the actively heating element is connected in series with the overvoltage limiting component. A leakage current flowing through the overvoltage limiting component then also flows through the heating element, resulting in the desired heating thereof. Good thermal contact between the active heating element and the endothermic material can be ensured by the fact that the heating element is embedded in the endothermic material.
  • a semiconductor resistor in particular a PTC thermistor (PCT resistor) can be used.
  • the status display has a display element.
  • the status display can only be an optical status display, in which case the optical status display also has an optical display device, in particular a display scale, in addition to the display element.
  • the display element can also cooperate with an electrical display device, in particular a slide potentiometer, so that the status display not only represents an optical but also an electrical status display.
  • the electrical display can be used in particular also for remote notification of the state of the overvoltage protection element to a control station.
  • the state of the overvoltage limiting component is not (only) displayed via an analogue display scale
  • an incremental encoder can be used for this purpose. Such a digitized value can then be processed particularly easily.
  • an additional switch is provided, which is then actuated when the thermally activatable endothermic material has reached its maximum extent.
  • the actuation of the switch can preferably take place via the end of the rod-shaped actuating element, which is also connected to the display element.
  • Upon actuation of the switch while another display is activated by the end of the life of the overvoltage limiting component can be electrically, visually and / or acoustically displayed.
  • the switch can in turn be used preferably for remote signaling of the state of the overvoltage protection element.
  • FIG. 1 The figures show various embodiments of an overvoltage protection element 1 according to the invention with a - in the Fig. 1 and 2 Dashed lines shown - housing 2, in which a schematically illustrated overvoltage limiting component 3 is arranged, which may be, for example, a varistor.
  • a spark gap or a gas-filled surge arrester can in principle also be used.
  • To the overvoltage protection element 1 also includes a display element 4 having state display 5, wherein the status display is arranged in the practical realization of the overvoltage protection element 1 in the housing 2, that the status display 5 from outside the housing 2, for example, by a corresponding window is visible ,
  • the one end 8 of the rod-shaped actuating element 7 is connected directly to the display element 4; in the exemplary embodiments triangular display element 4 is attached to the end 8 of the rod-shaped actuating element 7.
  • a piston 10 is fixed, wherein the piston 10 is arranged displaceably together with a part of the rod-shaped actuating element 7 in a housing 11 acting as a cylinder. Since in the housing 11 on the side facing away from the actuating element 7 of the piston 10 and the intumescent material 6 is arranged, the piston 10 by an expanding material 6 of this within the housing 11 - in the illustration according to the Fig. 1 to 4 to the right - shifted, so that the display element 4 shifts in the state indicator 5.
  • the Fig. 1 and 2 show the display element 4 both in the unheated, ie not expanded state of the thermally activated endothermic material 6 (solid line) and at maximum expanded material 6 (dashed line), in which the display element 4 in its the end of life of the overvoltage limiting device 3 indicating End position is located.
  • a spring element 12 in the form of a cylindrical spring concentric with the rod-shaped actuating element 7 is arranged.
  • the cylinder spring 12 is supported on the one hand on the side facing away from the intumescent material 6 of the piston 10 and on the other hand on the opposite inner wall 13 of the housing 11 from.
  • the spring force The cylinder spring 12 thus counteracts the pressure force which acts on the piston 10 when the material 6 expands.
  • the Fig. 3 and 4 each show only a part of the overvoltage protection element 1 according to the invention, namely in each case only the housing 11 with the intumescent material 6 arranged therein and the piston 10 and a part of the rod-shaped actuating element 7.
  • the housing 11 has a plurality of thermoconductive elements 14, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the housing 11 and thus also in the direction of displacement of the piston 10. Due to the arrangement of the thermo-conducting elements 14, the heat transferred from the overvoltage-limiting component 3 to the housing 11 is introduced into the intumescent material 6 over a large area, so that the material 6 heats up relatively uniformly.
  • FIG. 4 shows two representations of the housing 11, once with an unexpanded intumescent material 6 (FIG. Fig. 4a ) and once with a maximum expanded intumescent material 6 ( Fig. 4b ).
  • the intumescent material 6 is disposed within the housing 11 in an additional expandable sheath 15, so that when expanding the material 6, a part of the force for stretching the sheath 15 must be expended.
  • the sheath 15 also serves in particular to prevent sticking of the expanding intumescent material 6 on the inner wall of the housing 11.
  • the status display 5 for easy readability of the position of the display element 4 has an optical display device 17 in the form of a display scale. With the help of the display scale 17 while the remaining life of the overvoltage limiting device 3 can be easily displayed, so that can be detected quickly and easily on site when an overvoltage protection element 1 should be replaced.
  • the display element 4 is also connected to an electrical display device 18 in the form of a sliding potentiometer, so that the state of the overvoltage protection element 1 can also be electrically detected or displayed via a corresponding remote message at a central location.
  • the overvoltage protection element 1 also has a switch 19 which is actuated when the thermally activatable endothermic material 6 has reached its maximum extent. Via the switch 19, an additional display can then be activated which indicates the end of the service life of the overvoltage limiting component 3 electrically, visually and / or acoustically.
  • the switch 19 may also be designed as a telecommunications contact, so that a simple Femüberwachung the state of the overvoltage protection element 1 is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Élément de protection contre les surtensions comprenant un boîtier (2), au moins un composant limiteur de surtension (3) disposé dans le boîtier (2), des éléments de raccordement pour le raccordement électrique de l'élément de protection contre les surtensions (1) au trajet de courant ou de signal à protéger et un indicateur d'état (5) qui présente un élément indicateur (4) pour indiquer l'état de l'élément de protection contre les surtensions (1),
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'il est prévu un matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement, lequel est à la fois en contact thermique avec le composant limiteur de surtension (3) et en contact mécanique avec l'élément indicateur (4) de l'indicateur d'état (5),
    l'élément indicateur (4), en cas d'échauffement du composant limiteur de surtension (3) au-dessus d'une température minimale donnée, en raison d'une dilatation du matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement, accomplissant un changement de position dont l'amplitude est un indice pour l'échauffement du composant limiteur de surtension (3),
  2. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement est constitué de telle sorte que la dilatation du matériau (6) qui se produit en raison d'un échauffement du composant limiteur de surtension (3) au-dessus d'une température minimale donnée est irréversible.
  3. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la quantité, l'arrangement et la constitution du matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement sont choisis de telle sorte que le matériau (6) atteint sa dilatation maximale lorsque le composant limiteur de surtension (3) a converti la quantité d'énergie maximale que peut convertir le composant limiteur de surtension (3) sur sa durée de vie.
  4. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement est un matériau intumescent.
  5. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le matériau intumescent est composé d'une matière plastique à faible point de fusion et un agent gonflant, la matière plastique étant liquide ou visqueuse déjà à une température au-dessous de la température d'expansion de l'agent gonflant.
  6. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'entre le matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement et l'élément indicateur (4) de l'indicateur d'état (5) est disposé un élément d'actionnement (7) en forme de tige dont l'une des extrémités (8) est reliée avec l'élément indicateur (4) de l'indicateur d'état (5) et l'autre extrémité (9) avec un piston (10), le matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement étant disposé dans un boîtier (11) dans lequel sont également disposés de manière à pouvoir coulisser le piston (10) et une partie de l'élément d'actionnement (7).
  7. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'intérieur du boîtier (11) est disposé un ressort (12) dont la force de ressort agit contre la force de compression qui agit lors de la dilatation du matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement.
  8. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'intérieur du boîtier (11) est disposé au moins un élément thermoconducteur (14), lequel est en liaison thermiquement, conductrice avec le boîtier (11), de telle sorte que l'élément thermoconducteur (14) se trouve en contact thermique avec le matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement, la longueur de l'élément thermoconducteur (14) étant de préférence supérieure à la projection correspondante du matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement à l'état non dilaté,
  9. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément chauffant actif, notamment une résistance à coefficient de température positif, se trouve en contact thermique avec le matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement, est notamment enrobé dans le matériau (6), l'élément chauffant actif étant branché en série avec le composant limiteur de surtension (3).
  10. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement est entouré par une gaine (15) extensible.
  11. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément indicateur (4) interagit à la fois avec un dispositif indicateur visuel (17), notamment une graduation d'indication, ainsi qu'avec un dispositif indicateur électrique (18), notamment un potentiomètre à curseur.
  12. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif pour numériser le changement de position de l'élément indicateur (4), notamment un codeur incrémental, est associé à l'élément indicateur (4).
  13. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que lorsque le matériau endotherme (6) pouvant être activé thermiquement a atteint sa dilatation maximale, un commutateur (19) est actionné, ce qui active un indicateur supplémentaire qui indique la fin de la durée de vie du composant limiteur de surtension (3) de manière électrique, visuelle et/ou sonore.
EP11001035.2A 2010-02-09 2011-02-09 Elément de protection contre les surtensions Active EP2355274B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010007428A DE102010007428A1 (de) 2010-02-09 2010-02-09 Überspannungsschutzelement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2355274A1 EP2355274A1 (fr) 2011-08-10
EP2355274B1 true EP2355274B1 (fr) 2013-12-04

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Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8582264B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2355274B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102231478B (fr)
DE (1) DE102010007428A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2355274T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2448643T3 (fr)

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DE102009048045B4 (de) * 2009-10-02 2011-06-01 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzelement
DE102009053145A1 (de) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-12 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzelement
EP2812962B1 (fr) * 2012-02-08 2016-04-06 OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG Limiteur de surtension
DE102012210331B4 (de) * 2012-06-19 2014-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Überspannungsableiter für hohe Spannungen
PL406612A1 (pl) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-22 ABB Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością Urządzenie elektryczne do ochrony przepięciowej
US9842676B2 (en) * 2014-05-23 2017-12-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Surge absorbing element
DE102014008366B3 (de) 2014-06-04 2015-10-22 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum thermischen Auslösen oder Abtrennen eines Überspannungsschutzgerätes

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GB9901286D0 (en) * 1999-01-22 1999-03-10 Zymax International Limited Surge protector
DE10000617A1 (de) * 2000-01-10 2001-07-12 Abb Hochspannungstechnik Ag Ueberspannungsableiter
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DE202004006227U1 (de) 2004-04-16 2004-09-16 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzgerät
DE202005009123U1 (de) * 2005-05-18 2005-09-22 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter, umfassend ein schienenmontierbares Basisteil mit elektrischen Anschlußklemmen sowie ein auswechselbares Einsteckteil
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DE102008061323B3 (de) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-24 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzelement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102231478B (zh) 2014-09-24
CN102231478A (zh) 2011-11-02
EP2355274A1 (fr) 2011-08-10
DK2355274T3 (en) 2014-03-10
US8582264B2 (en) 2013-11-12
DE102010007428A1 (de) 2011-08-11
US20110194222A1 (en) 2011-08-11
ES2448643T3 (es) 2014-03-14

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