EP2351468B1 - Lampe à décharge intégrée à émission lumineuse constante pendant la durée de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Lampe à décharge intégrée à émission lumineuse constante pendant la durée de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2351468B1
EP2351468B1 EP09752377.3A EP09752377A EP2351468B1 EP 2351468 B1 EP2351468 B1 EP 2351468B1 EP 09752377 A EP09752377 A EP 09752377A EP 2351468 B1 EP2351468 B1 EP 2351468B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas discharge
discharge lamp
burner
integrated gas
lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09752377.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2351468A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Siessegger
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Osram GmbH
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Osram GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2351468A1 publication Critical patent/EP2351468A1/fr
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Publication of EP2351468B1 publication Critical patent/EP2351468B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/292—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2928—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/292—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2921—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2925—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an integrated gas discharge lamp in which a gas discharge lamp burner and an operating electronics for the gas discharge lamp burner are integrated in a lamp.
  • the invention is based on an integrated gas discharge lamp, in which a gas discharge lamp burner and an operating electronics for the gas discharge lamp burner are integrated in a lamp according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the method has the disadvantage that a complex model is necessary to calculate the photometric data. Furthermore, a comparatively complicated circuit arrangement is necessary in order to obtain sufficiently accurate measured values for the dynamic behavior of the lamp
  • the DE 195 40 326 shows a headlight with a gas discharge lamp whose performance is controlled depending on the cumulative duration of operation.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention with an integrated gas discharge lamp in which a gas discharge lamp burner and an operating electronics for the gas discharge lamp burner are inseparably integrated in a lamp, wherein the operating electronics controls the performance of the gas discharge lamp burner depending on its burning time, that the amount of light output of the integrated gas discharge lamp a setpoint curve ⁇ Should ⁇ N follows.
  • the operating electronics controls the performance of the gas discharge lamp burner depending on its burning time, that the amount of light output of the integrated gas discharge lamp a setpoint curve ⁇ Should ⁇ N follows.
  • the operating electronics of the integrated gas discharge lamp in this case has a non-volatile memory, and detects the burning time of the gas discharge lamp burner, sums them up and puts them as cumulative burning time in the non-volatile memory of the operating electronics. Thus, it can always rely on the cumulative burning time of the gas discharge lamp burner.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner data is written in the nonvolatile memory. As a result, these data can be used during operation and the precision of the photometric data can be further refined.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp has a communication interface.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp is preferably connected via the communication interface with a higher-level control system and is controlled by the latter. This allows the integrated gas discharge lamp to receive default values and adjust these. If the integrated gas discharge lamp receives data via the communication interface via an optical system on which it is operated, and this data is included in the calculation the power to be applied to the gas discharge lamp burner, it can not only set the exact photometric data of the burner over the lifetime but also the photometric data of the entire system.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner data may be written into the nonvolatile memory via the communication interface during production of the integrated gas discharge lamp.
  • the functionality of the memory can be tested during production. Since the integrated gas discharge lamp can store information about the operation of the gas discharge lamp burner in the non-volatile memory, this information can be queried by the higher-level control system. The control system is thus always informed about the state of the integrated gas discharge lamp.
  • the cumulative burn time is weighted with a weighting function to a cumulative weighted burn time. This significantly increases the precision of the lifetime prediction of the integrated gas discharge lamp, especially when the integrated gas discharge lamp is designed to operate the gas discharge lamp burner with over or under power.
  • the dimming curve can be a three-dimensional map but it can also be a function from which the three-dimensional map can be calculated. This is advantageous in a simple circuit arrangement with little storage space in the microcontroller.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5.
  • a gas discharge lamp 5 is hereinafter referred to, which has integrated both the ignition electronics and the operating electronics in the lamp base of the gas discharge lamp 5.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 therefore has no specific lamp interface to the outside, but can be connected directly to common and widespread power grids.
  • the interface of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is thus the conventional 12 V supply of the automotive on-board network.
  • the interface of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, a future 42V supply of a modern automotive electrical system be.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 can also be designed to be connected to the high-voltage electrical system of an electric car with a battery voltage of eg 48V, 96V, 120V up to exemplary 360V.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp can be designed to work on an emergency power supply with a battery-backed low-voltage network.
  • this lamp can be used in low-voltage island networks, as used for example in mountain huts. Even conventional low-voltage systems, in which low-voltage halogen lamps used to date, are conceivable as an application here. Even in portable devices such as flashlights such a lamp is advantageous because no wiring between the lamp and the control gear is necessary. The fact that the cable is omitted, eliminating additional costs, cabling and unnecessary sources of error.
  • a gas discharge lamp is thus meant below, which has integrated all necessary for the operation electronics in the lamp itself, so that it can be connected directly to a conventional power supply.
  • a lamp burner 50 is supported by a metal bracket 52 which is attached to 4 retaining plates 53.
  • the retaining plates 53 are cast or injected into a lamp cap 70.
  • the lamp cap 70 is preferably made of plastic, and is manufactured by an injection molding method or a casting method.
  • the plastic of the lamp cap 70 may be electrically conductive or metallized. Particularly advantageous is a metallization the lamp cap on the outside, thus on the ignition and operating electronics 910, 920 side facing away.
  • the encapsulation of metallic conductors or a metallic braid is possible, so that an electrically conductive skin located in the wall of the lamp cap 70 is formed.
  • an electrically conductive housing 72 made of a conductive material such as metal.
  • the metal may be, for example, a corrosion-protected sheet iron or even a non-ferrous metal such as aluminum, magnesium or brass.
  • a sealing ring 71 commonly referred to as an O-ring, which accomplishes a seal towards the reflector.
  • the cooling of a located in the base ignition and operating electronics 910, 920 is significantly better and easier than with a conventional structure in which the gas discharge lamp 5 is installed in a dense headlight, in which only a weak cooling convection can take place.
  • the approximately stationary air within the described, dense headlamp causes a so-called heat accumulation, which leads to significantly higher temperatures of the operating electronics, as in the proposed embodiment, in which the lamp is on the side facing away from the light exit surface side into the open, for example, in the engine compartment ,
  • the base 70 is closed on the lamp burner 50 side facing away from a base plate 74.
  • the base plate 74 is preferably made of a thermally and electrically good conductive material such as aluminum or magnesium. In order to establish a mechanical connection with the base 70 and an electrical connection to the electrically conductive housing 72, this has on the side facing away from the lamp burner 50 a plurality of tabs 722 which are crimped when assembling the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 to the base plate 74, and so make the required connections.
  • this type of connection technology lamp torch 50, 910 ignition electronics and 920 operating electronics are inseparably connected to an integrated gas discharge lamp 5.
  • the base plate is preferably made of die-cast aluminum or die-cast magnesium. This is an inexpensive as well as mechanically and electrically high-quality variant.
  • An electrically good conductive connection between the at least superficially electrically conductive lamp base 70 or the electrically conductive housing 72 and the likewise electrically conductive base plate 74 is particularly required for a good electromagnetic shielding. This shield prevents the interference of adjacent electrical or electronic assemblies. In addition, the shield ensures that the modules have no negative impact on the function of the 910, 920 Ignition and Operating Electronics.
  • a sealing ring 73 is arranged, which ensures a water and airtight connection between the base 70 and the base plate 74.
  • the base 70 and the base plate 74 is formed such that both parts are latched into one another and in detent position simultaneously one or more contact points between the electrically conductive housing 72 and the base plate 74, to provide a good connection for the electrical shield to generate.
  • a sealing ring is arranged, which ensures the tightness of the base on the gas discharge lamp burner 50 side facing away.
  • two levels are provided, which receive the Zündund operating electronics. A first smaller one Level closest to the lamp burner 50 receives the ignition electronics 910 with the ignition transformer 80. The construction of the ignition transformer 80 will be discussed later. A second, larger level accommodates the operating electronics 920 necessary for the operation of the discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the ignition and the operating electronics can be located on any suitable type of circuit board, also called circuit board.
  • circuit board also called circuit board.
  • Conventional PCBs, metal-core PCBs, LTCC technology PCBs, thick-layered, oxidized or coated metal plates, MID or MID hot-stamping PCBs, or any other suitable technology for manufacturing temperature-resistant printed circuit boards are possible.
  • the electronic components and components that make up the ignition and operating electronics can each be located on the top and bottom as well as inside the two printed circuit boards. In the FIG. 1 For the sake of clarity, no further electronic components or components except the transformer 80 are shown on the printed circuit board. Insofar as the circuit board for the ignition electronics 910 and the circuit board for the operating electronics 920 are made of the same material, they can advantageously be manufactured on the same basis.
  • bridges can be fitted between the boards, which serve as electrical connections between the boards during separation and introduction into the lamp cap 70.
  • bridges for example, single wires, ribbon cables or rigid-flexible circuit boards can be used.
  • the electrical connection of the two circuit boards is carried out so that they change the distance between the two Printed circuit boards of the ignition and operating electronics by thermal expansion, in particular by a thermal cycle stress, unscathed.
  • the wires are to be provided with sufficient length and appropriate installation within the housing.
  • one or more male and female headers may be used which are sized and arranged to permit thermal expansion in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the gas discharge lamp burner of the two circuit boards and still provide electrical connection in all cases.
  • the pins of the pin header are arranged perpendicular to the respective circuit board surface and the insertion length of the sockets dimensioned so that they provide more path for the pins available, as they require due to the thermal expansion within the sockets.
  • the circuit board for the ignition electronics 910 has on the side facing the operating electronics on an electrically conductive shielding to disturbances caused by the high voltage in the ignition electronics, as far as possible to keep away from the operating electronics.
  • this surface is inherently present, in the case of other board materials, preferably a copper surface or the like is applied to this side. If a metal core board is used, it can also be used to cool the ignition transformer 80, which is exposed to a particularly high thermal load due to its proximity to the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • An electrically conductive shielding surface between the ignition electronics 910 and Alternatively, operating electronics 920 can also be implemented by means of a metallic sheet which is introduced between the two circuit boards and is advantageously electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive housing 72. If this shielding surface also serves to cool the ignition transformer 80, then it is advantageous if the metallic sheet also has a good thermal connection, for example, by a heat conducting foil or heat conducting paste to the electrically conductive housing 72.
  • the printed circuit board for the operating electronics 920 is clamped between the base 70 and the base plate 74.
  • the circuit board for the operating electronics 920 has on its circumference in each case on the top and bottom of a circumferential grounding track, so-called mass rings, which are electrically conductively connected to each other due to plated-through holes. These vias are commonly referred to as vias, and are electrical contacts that pass through the circuit board. Due to the entrapment between the base 70 and the base plate 74, these ground rings make electrical contact with the base plate 74, which ensures the ground connection of the operating electronics 920 to the electrically conductive housing 72 via the flanged lugs 722.
  • Fig. 2 shows an exploded view of the mechanical components of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 in the first embodiment.
  • the pedestal is square, but in principle it can also have many other suitable shapes. Particularly favorable further embodiments would be round, hexagonal, octagonal or rectangular.
  • a section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is carried out by the housing part containing the electronics, and the resulting outer contour is considered, wherein roundings at the edges of the housing are negligible.
  • the first embodiment depending on whether the selected interface is closer to the ignition electronics 910 or closer to the operating electronics 920, two squares. The first embodiment is therefore a quadratic embodiment.
  • the first resulting outer contour in the vicinity of the ignition electronics 910 is smaller than the second, which is essentially due to the fact that the circuit board of the ignition electronics 920 smaller dimensions than that of the operating electronics 910.
  • the board for the operating electronics 920 is, as already stated above, clamped between the base 70 and the base plate 74.
  • the sealing ring 73 comes to lie like the printed circuit board for the operating electronics 920 between the base 70 and the base plate 74, and is disposed outside the operating electronics board 920.
  • Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5.
  • the second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, therefore, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described.
  • the ignition electronics 910 and the operating electronics 920 are arranged in a common plane on a printed circuit board as the overall operating electronics 930.
  • the base of the gas discharge lamp according to the invention 5 flat precipitation, whereby a headlamp that uses this gas discharge lamp 5 also shows less depth.
  • the ignition transformer 80 sits centrally under the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the center of the ignition transformer 80 is preferably in the longitudinal axis of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the power supply for the sockelnahe gas discharge lamp burner electrode protrudes into the central part of the ignition transformer.
  • the ignition transformer is not mounted on the circuit board, but sits with his gas discharge lamp burner remote end at about the same height as the gas discharge lamp burner side facing away from the circuit board.
  • the circuit board of the overall operating electronics 930 is recessed at this point, so that the ignition transformer 80 is inserted into the circuit board of the overall operating electronics 930.
  • the housing for example by webs of aluminum sheet or mu-metal, be provided with walls and chambers and thereby an electrical, magnetic and electromagnetic shielding of different circuit parts against each other and against the environment done.
  • the shielding can also be achieved by other measures, in particular, the formation of cavities in the base plate 74 and in the lamp cap 70 in the context of the injection molding process is easily feasible.
  • the remaining cavities within the housing of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, in particular around the ignition transformer 80 and on both sides of the overall operating electronics 930, are filled with potting compound.
  • This has several advantages, such as electrical flashovers, in particular by the high voltage generated by the ignition transformer safely prevented, ensuring a good cooling of the electronics, as well as a mechanically very robust unit created that very well withstand environmental influences such as moisture and high accelerations.
  • a partial encapsulation for example in the region of the ignition transformer 80, can be realized.
  • Fig. 8 shows a third embodiment of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 according to the invention.
  • the third embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, therefore, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described.
  • the base plate 74 is provided on its outside with cooling fins. It is also conceivable that the lamp base 70 and the electrically conductive housing 72 are each provided with cooling fins.
  • the function of the printed circuit board of the operating electronics 920 is also through meets the base plate, as this has electrically non-conductive areas on its inside, for example, areas of anodized aluminum, which are provided with conductive structures, such as printed conductors in thick-film technology, and which are electrically connected to the components of the overall operating electronics, for example by soldering ,
  • the operating electronics 920 cooled particularly well, since it is applied directly to a heat sink.
  • the cooling fins are preferably designed such that natural convection in the installation position of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is favored.
  • the cooling surface can also be configured accordingly and consist of round, hexagonal, square or rectangular fingers, for example, so that natural convection can take place in several spatial directions.
  • the ignition electronics 910 find place on an overlying printed circuit board as in the first embodiment, and are electrically connected to the operating electronics 920 by suitable means. This can be accomplished by spring contacts or plug contacts, but also by running in the socket traces or on the inside of the base printed conductors, which are connected to the ignition electronics 910 and the operating electronics 920.
  • Fig. 9 shows a fourth embodiment of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 according to the invention.
  • the fourth embodiment is similar to the second embodiment, therefore, only the differences from the second embodiment described.
  • the base plate 74 is realized by a on the inside, and thus, as in the previous embodiment, also on one side, stocked metal core board.
  • the base plate 74 is not a plate as in Fig. 4 but a base cup with raised side walls.
  • the base plate is therefore referred to for clarity as a socket cup.
  • the base cup may also consist of a thermally highly conductive material. Particularly suitable are metal alloys, which can be well formed, for example by deep drawing. Also suitable is a thermally well conductive plastic that can be brought into shape by injection molding.
  • the base 70 with the reference ring 702 and the reference knobs 703 consists in this embodiment essentially of a hexagonal plate on which the burner within the reference ring is adjusted and fixed.
  • the base cup houses the total operating electronics 930, which fits on a separate circuit board or on the inner bottom of the base cup.
  • At the power supply lines 56, 57 of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 plug contacts are mounted, which engage in the assembly of the base cup and the base 70 in corresponding mating contacts of the base cup and establish a reliable contact.
  • the two parts can be connected by crimping as a coffee can or tin. But it can also, as in the Fig. 9 shown, only flared several tabs of the base cup on the base be used to create a mechanically and electrically good connection.
  • the known soldering and welding methods can be used for the preparation of the compound but also the known soldering and welding methods.
  • connection can preferably be effected by ultrasonic welding. This results in a reliable and firm connection, which in the case of a conductive plastic also leads to a conductive connection.
  • connection can also take place by means of corresponding latching, for this purpose corresponding latching lugs or depressions are then to be provided on the base cup or the base 70.
  • the diameter (D) and the height (h) of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 are to be defined largely independently of the geometry, in order to be able to make a simpler description.
  • the maximum distance of the reference plane which will be discussed in more detail below, to the burner facing away outside of the base plate (74) understood.
  • the diameter (D) is understood to mean the longest distance within the integrated gas discharge lamp, the plug lying within an arbitrary plane, this plane extending parallel to the reference plane.
  • the following table shows some geometrical quantities of different designs of the in Fig. 9 illustrated fourth embodiment of the gas discharge lamp 5: diameter Length or height h volume Dimensions D / h A. 50W lamp 100 35 275 510 2.86 B. 35W lamp 100 25 196 178 4.00 C. 25W lamp, standard version 70 25 99 139 2.80 D. 18W lamp, variant super flat 100 15 120 168 6.67 E. 45W lamp, variant coffee can 40 50 63 52 0.80 F. 7W lamp, for use in flashlight 40 35 44 36 1.14
  • the listed in the table electrical power from 7 W to 50 W of different configurations relate to the nominal electric power of the gas discharge lamp burner. Different geometries and sizes of the same type gas discharge lamp burner are used.
  • the lamp base of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 As in Fig. 4 is clearly visible, the lamp base of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 according to the second and the fourth embodiment, a hexagonal shape, which brings several advantages.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is so easy to grasp to use it at its destination.
  • the utility of integrated circuit integrated-circuit electronics board 930 may be such that only a small amount of waste occurs and good cost efficiency becomes possible. Due to the flat design of the base, a very short-built headlight can be designed be, which is particularly advantageous in modern motor vehicles.
  • the point-symmetric hexagonal shape enjoys in this application all the advantages of a round shape, but without having their disadvantages.
  • the interaction between integrated gas discharge lamp 5 and headlamp 3 is in Fig. 5 shown.
  • the gas discharge lamp 5 in the second embodiment has a special electrical interface through which it is supplied with electric power.
  • the electrical interface is designed such that upon insertion of the gas discharge lamp 5 in a headlight 3, this is not only mechanically connected to the headlight 3, but also at the same time electrically.
  • a similarly constructed interface is also used in modern halogen incandescent lamps for automobile headlights and marketed for example by the company Osram under the name "Snap Lite". If the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is thus inserted in a reflector or headlight, the process of insertion requires all the mechanical energy required for proper operation and electrical contacts connected to their present in the headlight 3 corresponding mating contacts.
  • the base 70 has at its interface to the headlight 3 from a reference ring 702 emerging nubs 703, which define a reference plane.
  • a detail is in Fig. 7 shown. These three nubs are at the onset of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 on the corresponding counterpart of the headlamp 3.
  • the electrodes or the discharge arc of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 are adjusted in the manufacturing process of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 with respect to the reference plane. As a result, the arc of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 in the reflector assumes a defined position when it is inserted into the headlight, which enables a precise optical imaging.
  • the insertion into the headlight takes place in the second embodiment Fig.
  • a suitable headlight 3 has for this purpose a light-guiding means in the form of a reflector 33, a receptacle for the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, and a support part 35, wherein on the support part with a mating contacts for the electrical contacts 210, 220, 230, 240 of the integrated gas discharge lamp. 5 provided connecting element is arranged.
  • the electrical contacts 210, 220, 230, 240 of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 protrude radially outward from the lamp cap 70 to the longitudinal axis of the gas discharge lamp burner 50. They serve to supply the total operating electronics 930 with electrical energy.
  • the mechanical load on the electrical connections is reduced by freely oscillating cables.
  • the number of required connection cables per headlamp is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of confusion during manufacture.
  • this measure also allows a higher degree of automation in the production of the headlamp, since fewer cables must be assembled by hand.
  • the supply of existing lamps in the headlamps through the supply contacts of the headlamp is given by a fixed wiring in the headlamp. As a result, the wiring of the headlamp 3 and the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is considerably simplified.
  • FIG. 1 & 2 Another variant of the mechanical adjustment shows the first embodiment of the lamp in the Fig. 1 & 2 , Here the nubs 703 are arranged on the side of the reference ring 702 facing the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the knobs 703 come on corresponding mating surfaces on the back of the reflector lie to thereby define the position of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 with respect to the reflector 33.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is pressed from behind against the reference surfaces of the reflector 33.
  • this variant has the disadvantage that the position between the optically effective reflector inside and the reference surfaces on the back of the reflector must be tolerated very accurately in order to achieve a precise optical imaging.
  • the system of the headlight interface of the second embodiment is also suitable for realizing further simplified wiring in modern bus systems.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 next to the two electrical contacts 210, 220 further contacts 230, 240, via which a communication with the on-board electronics of the motor vehicle.
  • the connecting element 35 has two slots 351, 352 with correspondingly 2 mating contacts.
  • only three electrical contacts on the lamp are present, two are essentially used to supply the electrical lamp power, and a logic input, also referred to as a remote enable pin, with the help of the lamp by the on-board electronics of the motor vehicle can be switched on and off almost without power.
  • This "Snap Lite" interface has not only the advantage that a swapping of electrical connections is excluded another advantage: The fact that the lamp is only supplied with power when they are in their proper place in the headlight located, the base facing away from the power supply 57 of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 can only be touched when the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is safely out of service. The safety in dealing with such a high-pressure discharge lamp is thereby increased drastically.
  • the simple installation of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 in the headlight 3 enables the end customer to replace such a lamp. As a result, the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is more cost-effective for the end customer, since no workshop has to be visited to change the lamp.
  • the ground connection of the lamp is also realized with the spotlight housing.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by means of spring strip fastened to the reflector 33 and connected to the ground potential of the vehicle.
  • the spring strip contacts the electrically conductive housing surface of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 and establishes an electrical connection between the vehicle mass and the internal ground of the integrated gas discharge lamp. This contacting can take place, for example, on the side wall or on the front side of the housing 72.
  • the ground connection by means of the sealing ring 71, which is conductive.
  • the housing surface is not or not completely electrically conductive, the contacting of the spring strip on a contact surface on the housing surface of the integrated gas discharge lamp.
  • This contact surface or these contact surfaces have an electrically conductive Connection to the internal ground or the ground shield of the integrated gas discharge lamp.
  • FIG. 31 Another fifth embodiment with a conventional interface to the headlight shows Fig. 31 ,
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is pressed with the reference surface 702 by means of a retaining clip 705 on a corresponding counter surface of the headlight receptacle.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is electrically connected to the headlight in a conventional manner.
  • the bracket 705 ensures that the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is well connected with its reference surface 702 to the recording in the headlight, and thus a precise alignment of the electrodes is given in the optical system of the headlamp.
  • the electrodes 504 of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 are adjusted in the manufacturing process of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 with respect to the reference surface 702.
  • the arc of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 in the reflector assumes a defined position when it is inserted into the headlight, which enables a precise optical imaging. Due to the spring action of the retaining clip 705, this image is ensured even under difficult conditions, such as vibrations, which can occur in an automobile headlight.
  • the retaining clip is hooked on the headlight side in a groove 7051, which holds it securely, from which it can nevertheless be easily unhooked when the lamp is replaced.
  • the retaining clip 705 engages with two bulges 7053 in the base plate 74 a. But it is also conceivable that the retaining clip 705 has no bulges and therefore rests on the ribs of the base plate.
  • FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the ignition transformer 80 in a first embodiment in which the ignition transformer 80 has a square flat shape.
  • the ignition transformer 80 may have a round, hexagonal, octagonal or other suitable shape.
  • the shape is understood to be the shape of the base area of the essentially prismatic outer dimensions of the ignition transformer, the curves at the body edges being neglected.
  • the prism has a small height, in particular a height which is smaller than 1/3 of the diagonal or the diameter of the base surface forming geometry.
  • the ignition transformer 80 has a ferrite core 81 composed of a first ferrite core half 811 and an identical second ferrite core half 812.
  • the ignition transformer 80 has on the sides of a plurality of outwardly facing tabs 868, 869, which serve the mechanical attachment of the ignition transformer 80.
  • Fig. 11 shows a perspective view of the upper part of the ignition transformer, in which the primary winding and the second Ferrritkernhget 812 are not visible.
  • the first ferrite core half 811 is made up of a square side wall 8112, from which half a hollow cylinder 8110 protrudes centrally inwards.
  • the inside of the square side wall 8112 has outward-inwardly extending elongated recesses 81121 on the winding-facing side. Through these depressions, a impregnating varnish or a potting compound into which or the ignition transformer 80 is introduced after completion for high-voltage insulation, penetrate from outside to inside the ignition transformer 80 to evenly wet all turns of the ignition transformer
  • a primary winding 86 which consists of a formed from sheet metal stamped and bent part.
  • the sheet is preferably made of a non-ferrous metal such as copper, bronze or brass.
  • the sheet is preferably elastically deformable and resilient.
  • the primary winding 86 is essentially a long band extending externally between both ferrite core halves 811 and 812.
  • the primary winding 86 is in a first variant with only one turn over 3 corners of the ignition transformer 80, the fourth corner is open.
  • the sheet metal strip of the primary winding 86 is thus wrapped around a three-quarters turn around the outer contour of the ignition transformer and ends in each case a small piece in front of the fourth corner.
  • the sheet-metal strip of the primary winding 86 has the above-mentioned tabs 866, 867, 868 and 869, which in the lateral direction of Blechbandes are attached.
  • the four tabs are used for mechanical attachment of the ignition transformer 80, this can be soldered to a board of the ignition electronics 910 as a flat SMD tab or Lötfahne. But the tabs can also have a further 90 ° bend, the tabs are then inserted through the board of the ignition electronics 910 through, and on the other side verclincht, twisted or soldered, as in Fig. 12 is shown.
  • the two ends of the sheet metal strip of the primary winding 86 are bent with a radius of about 180 ° to the outside, so that the ends again point away from the fourth corner.
  • the two ends are bent by about 90 ° to the outside and the radii are marked 8620 and 8640 respectively.
  • At the outer end of the sheet metal strip each a laterally projecting tab 862, 864 is mounted, which serves the electrical contact.
  • Fig. 12 an alternative embodiment of the two tabs 862, 864 is shown.
  • the soft connection by means of the 180 ° radius of the two radii 8620 and 8640 voltages in the connection between the primary winding and the circuit board, which can be caused by temperature fluctuations, collected.
  • the tabs are preferably soldered onto the board of the ignition electronics 910 like an SMD component.
  • the solder joint is not burdened with the described mechanical stresses, and the risk of breakage and fatigue of the solder joint is greatly reduced.
  • the alternative embodiment of the tabs 862, 864 has a further 270 ° radius in the tab itself which further reduces the mechanical stresses in the assembled condition.
  • a contact body 85 is introduced, which establishes the electrical contact between the gas discharge lamp burner 50 and the inner end of the secondary winding 87 (not shown).
  • the contact body 85 consists of a bent sheet-metal part, which is connected to the socket-near power supply 56 of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the contact body 85 has at its burner remote end two roof surfaces for contacting the high-pressure discharge lamp electrode.
  • the contact body 85 has on two opposite sides of the burner distal end two roof surfaces 851 and 852 which are tilted roof pitched towards each other, and at the ends where the two roof surfaces touch so formed that a power supply wire 56 of the high-pressure gas discharge lamp burner 50 centered clamped becomes.
  • the two roof surfaces 851 and 852 are provided with a V-shaped contour at the ends, at which the two roof surfaces 851, 852 touch.
  • the contour can also be worked round or in some other suitable way.
  • the power supply wire 56 is inserted through the contact body 85 through, cut to a predetermined supernatant, and then preferably welded by laser to the contact body 85.
  • Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of the lower part of the ignition transformer.
  • the figure shows, inter alia, the second ferrite core half 812, which is shaped identically to the first ferrite core half 811. Also, it is made up of a square side wall 8122, protruding from the middle to the inside half a cylinder 8120. The inside of the square side wall 8122 has outwardly inwardly extending elongated recesses 81221. In the figure, the burner near side of the contact body 85, with its hexagonal open shape, and the passing power supply wire 56 is visible. If the two halves are assembled, a hollow cylinder is formed inside, into which the contact body is inserted.
  • the ferrite core 81 has the shape of a tape or film spool after assembly, except that the outer contour is not round, but square with rounded corners.
  • the ignition transformer has a first return ferrite 814.
  • the second and third corners are also provided with a second return ferrite 815 and third return ferrite 816.
  • the three return ferrites are held by the primary winding 86.
  • the metal strip of the primary winding 86 at the three corners cylindrical, inwardly facing curves 861, 863 and 865, in which the remind gleichferrite 814-816 are clamped.
  • the spring elastically deformable material keeps the three 814-816 return ferrite securely in place during production.
  • the return ferrites represent the magnetic return of the ignition transformer 80, by which the magnetic field lines are held in the magnetic material, and thus can not cause disturbances outside of the ignition transformer. This also increases the efficiency of the ignition transformer, in particular the amount of achievable ignition significantly.
  • Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of the lower part of the ignition transformer 80 with visible secondary winding 87, as inserted into the second ferrite core half 812 of the ignition transformer 80.
  • the secondary winding 87 is made of an insulated metal strip which is wound on the film coil ferrite core like a film having a predetermined number of turns, the high voltage leading end being inside, passed through the center core of the ferrule core and electrically connected to the contact body 85 ,
  • the insulation can be applied on all sides to the metal strip, but it can also consist of an insulating film which is wound together with the metal strip.
  • the insulating film is preferably wider than the metal strip in order to ensure a sufficient isolation distance.
  • the metal foil is wound with the insulating film so that it comes to rest in the middle of the insulating film. This results in the winding body, a spiral gap, which is filled after impregnation or potting with the impregnating lacquer or the potting compound and thus causes an excellent insulation of the secondary winding 87.
  • the secondary winding 87 is connected at its inner high-voltage-carrying end 871 with the contact body 85.
  • the outer low-voltage-carrying end 872 of the secondary winding 87 is connected to the primary winding 86.
  • the connections can be made by soldering, welding or other suitable connection method.
  • the joints are laser welded.
  • two welding points are applied per end, which connect the two parts safely and electrically conductive with each other.
  • the inner end 871 of the secondary winding 87 passes through the two hollow cylinder halves 8110, 8120 of the ferrite core 81 therethrough, and is clamped by them.
  • the outer end 872 of the secondary winding 87 is connected to the end of the primary winding 86, that the winding sense of the secondary winding 87 is directed against the winding sense of the primary winding 86 opposite.
  • the outer end of the secondary winding 87 can also be connected to the other end of the primary winding 86, so that the winding sense of the primary and the secondary winding is the same.
  • the diameter and the height of the ignition transformer 80 which is housed in the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 largely independent of its geometry and based on the dimensions of the ferrite core to be defined, for a simpler description distinguished.
  • the height of the ignition transformer is understood to mean the distance between the two outer surfaces of the two side walls which are remote from the winding, which corresponds approximately to the sum of twice the thickness of a side wall and the width of the winding.
  • Below the diameter of the ignition transformer 80 is understood below regardless of the shape of the side walls, the longest distance within one of the two side walls, wherein the Stecke lies within any plane, said plane being parallel to the outer surface of the respective side wall.
  • the ferrite core of the ignition transformer has a height of 8 mm and a diameter of 26 mm.
  • the side walls have a diameter of 26 mm and a thickness of 2 mm and the center core has a diameter of 11.5 mm at a height of 6 mm.
  • the secondary winding consists of 42 turns of a Kapton film 5.5 mm wide and 55 microns thick on a centered in the longitudinal direction 4 mm wide and 35 microns thick copper layer is applied.
  • the secondary winding is wound from two separate, superimposed films, wherein a 75 micron thick copper foil and a 50 micron thick Kapton foil is used.
  • the secondary winding is electrically connected to the primary winding comprising one turn, the primary winding being driven by a pulse generation unit comprising a 800 V spark gap.
  • Fig. 14 shows an exploded view of the ignition transformer 80 in a second embodiment. Since the second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment of the ignition transformer 80, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described below.
  • the ignition transformer 80 in the second embodiment has a round shape, similar to a film coil. The round shape eliminates the return ferrite 814-816, and the primary winding 86 has a simpler shape.
  • the laterally extending tabs for the mechanical attachment of the transformer are here designed as SMD tabs, which have a 270 ° bend to protect the solder joints from excessive mechanical stresses.
  • the two tabs 862, 864 for electrical contacting are designed in the same way and arranged radially on the circumference of the ignition transformer 80.
  • the ferrite core 82 of the second embodiment is in three parts executed, it has a hollow cylindrical center core 821, which is completed at its two ends of round plates 822.
  • the circular plates 822 come to lie centrally on the hollow cylinder 821, thus resulting in the above-described film coil form.
  • the hollow cylinder has a slot 823 (not visible in the figure) in order to be able to pass the inner end of the secondary winding 87 into the interior of the hollow cylinder.
  • Fig. 15 shows a sectional view of the second embodiment of the ignition transformer 80.
  • the structure of the ferrite core 81 is easy to understand.
  • the slot 823 can be seen, through which the inner end of the secondary winding 87 is passed.
  • Fig. 16 shows an exploded view of the ignition transformer in a third round embodiment with two-winding primary winding. Since the third embodiment is very similar to the second embodiment of the ignition transformer 80, only the differences from the second embodiment will be described below.
  • the ignition transformer 80 has a primary winding with two turns. The metal strip of the primary winding 86 thus passes almost twice around the ignition transformer.
  • tabs for electrical contacting of the ignition transformer 80 are mounted, which are designed as an SMD variant.
  • the tabs for mechanical attachment of the ignition transformer 80 are missing in this embodiment, the ignition transformer 80 must therefore be otherwise mechanically fixed. This can be accomplished, for example, by pinching the ignition transformer 80, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 is indicated.
  • the ignition transformer 80 is clamped here between the base 70 and the base plate 74.
  • the base plate 74 has for this purpose a base plate dome 741, an increase on the base plate, which clamps the ignition transformer 80 in the installed state.
  • the advantage of this design is the good heat dissipation of the ignition transformer 80. This can be very hot during operation because it sits very close to the gas discharge lamp burner 50 of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5. By the thermally well conductive base plate 74, a portion of the heat that is introduced from the gas discharge lamp burner 50 in the ignition transformer 80, be discharged again and the ignition transformer 80 are effectively cooled.
  • Fig. 17 shows a sectional view of the ignition transformer 80 in a third round embodiment with two-winding primary winding. Again, this sectional view shows very well the core structure of the ferrite core 82.
  • the ferrite core 82 is composed of three parts as in the second embodiment, a center core 824 and two plates 825, 826.
  • the center core 824 is also hollow cylindrical and has a shoulder at one end 827, which engages in a round cutout of the first plate 825 and fixes it on the central core 824.
  • a second plate 826 also has a round cutout whose inner radius corresponds to the outer radius of the center core 824. This plate is attached after mounting the secondary and the primary winding on the center core and thereby fixed. The plate is plugged in until it comes to rest on the secondary winding in order to achieve the best possible magnetic flux in the ignition transformer 80.
  • Fig. 18a shows the schematic diagram of a single-ended Impulszündilless according to the prior art.
  • the ignition transformer T IP is connected to one of the supply lines of the gas discharge lamp burner 50, which is shown here as an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • the operation of an unbalanced pulse ignition device is well known and will not be explained further here.
  • the unbalanced voltage is well suited for single-ended lamps, as the ignition voltage is applied only to one of the two gas discharge lamp burner electrodes.
  • the pedestal near electrode is chosen regularly, since it is not touchable and thus in case of improper use is no hazard to humans.
  • the normally open guided return conductor is not dangerous for humans voltage, thus ensuring a powered with a single-ended ignitor lamp ensures a certain security.
  • the asymmetrical ignitor has the disadvantage of applying the complete ignition voltage to a gas discharge lamp electrode.
  • the losses increase by corona discharges and others by the high voltage conditional effects. This means that only part of the generated ignition voltage is actually applied to the gas discharge lamp burner 50. It must therefore be generated a higher ignition voltage than necessary, which is complicated and expensive.
  • Fig. 18b shows the schematic diagram of a symmetrical pulse igniter according to the prior art.
  • the symmetrical pulse ignition device has an ignition transformer T IP , which has two secondary windings, which are magnetically coupled together with the primary winding. The two secondary windings are oriented so that the generated voltage of both secondary windings adds to the lamp. Thus, the voltage is distributed in about half of the two gas discharge lamp electrodes.
  • the losses are reduced by corona discharges and other parasitic effects.
  • the cause of the i. A. Higher ignition voltage in the case of symmetrical pulse ignition is only apparent after a closer look at the parasitic capacitances.
  • the lamp equivalent circuit of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 in Fig. 18b considered.
  • a large, if not the largest portion of the parasitic lamp capacitance C La is not caused by the lamp itself, but by the connection between the lamp and the ignition unit, for example by the lamp lines. However, these not only have parasitic capacitances from conductor to conductor, but also between conductor and environment.
  • the parasitic capacitances between the two conductors or the two gas discharge lamp electrode to C La, 2 summarize, as in Fig. 18b shown.
  • the respective parasitic capacitances present between the conductor and the environment are modeled by C La, 1 or C La, 3 .
  • the potential of the environment for example of the housing, is regarded as spatially constant and represented by the grounding symbol, even if this does not have to match the PE or PEN in the sense of a low-voltage network.
  • C La, 1 C La, 3
  • the parasitic lamp capacitance results according to the extended equivalent circuit diagram for C La, 2 + 1/2 C La, 1 .
  • the insulation effort increases non-linearly with the voltage to be isolated. Due to non-linear effects in insulating materials, when the voltage is doubled, the distance between two conductors typically has to be doubled more in order to avoid flashover.
  • the disadvantage of the symmetrical ignition method is, above all, that an accidental contact with the return conductor during ignition and thus the contact of a high-voltage-carrying metal part by the user can not be excluded.
  • the headlamp interface described above Fig. 5 This can be ruled out since the power supply to the electronics only takes place when it is inserted into the headlight. Thus, it is impossible to touch the return conductor of the remote base electrode with intact headlight when it leads to voltage.
  • asymmetrical ignition is not possible here, as arcing on the usually grounded reflector must be feared. Therefore, an asymmetrical ignition is suggested, which, for example, gives 3 ⁇ 4 of the ignition voltage to the base close to the base, and, for example, 1 ⁇ 4 of the ignition voltage to the base-remote electrode.
  • the exact voltage ratio between the electrodes of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 that is, the first lamp electrode near the socket and the second lamp electrode remote from the socket, depends on many factors, the lamp size and the socket construction.
  • the voltage ratio between the sockelahen first lamp electrode and the sockelfernen second lamp electrode can range from 22: 1 to 5: 4.
  • Voltages of 2..8 kV are preferably generated across the return secondary winding IPSR of the ignition transformer T IP
  • voltages of 23..17 kV are preferably generated across the forward secondary winding IPSH of the ignition transformer T IP .
  • This results in preferred transmission ratios between the two secondary windings not equal to 1, namely n IPSR : n IPSH 2:23 ... 8:17.
  • n IPSP 0.04..0.8 * n IFSH .
  • the structure is similar to that of a symmetrical igniter, but the secondary windings are not evenly distributed.
  • the number of primary windings n P of the ignition transformer T IP is preferably between 1 and 4, the sum of the number of turns of both secondary windings IPSH and IPSR is preferably between 40 and 380.
  • the pulse ignition unit Z in Fig. 19 is well known in the art and is thus not further explained here. It consists of at least one capacitor which is connected via a switching element to the primary winding of the ignition transformer. In this case, a switching element with a nominal tripping voltage between 350V and 1300V is preferably used. This can be a switching spark gap or a thyristor with a corresponding drive circuit.
  • the ignition transformer T IP has a transmission ratio n IPP : n IPSR : n IPSN of 1: 50: 150 turns, with an ignition unit Z based on a 400 V spark gap, ie with a spark gap having a nominal tripping voltage of 400 V, is operated.
  • the ignition transformer T IP supplies a peak voltage of +5 kV to earth at the remote base electrode of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 and a peak voltage of -15 kV to ground at the base near electrode of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the ignition transformer with a transmission ratio of 3: 50: 100 turns performed and is operated with an ignition Z based on a 800 V spark gap. This supplies a peak voltage of -8 kV to earth at the base-remote electrode of the gas-discharge lamp burner 50 and a peak voltage of +16 kV to ground at the base-near electrode of the gas-discharge lamp burner 50.
  • Fig. 20 shows the schematic diagram of an extended circuit of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5.
  • non-saturating inductors L NS1 and L NS2 respectively connected between the high voltage leading end of a secondary winding and the respective burner port to prevent glitches, with high voltage spikes (so-called glitches)
  • Inductance values of 0.5uH to 25uH, preferably 1uH to 8uH are used.
  • a high-voltage-resistant capacitor C B (a so-called “burner capacitor”) can be connected directly in parallel with the gas discharge lamp burner and thus between the gas discharge lamp burner and the non-saturating reactor. This usually has a capacity of less than 22pF to dampen the ignition pulse too strong.
  • the capacitor has a capacity between 3pF and 15pF.
  • the capacitor can be structurally realized by a corresponding arrangement and design of the encapsulated lamp power supply, for example in the form of plates.
  • the capacitor has two positive influences: On the one hand, it is advantageous for the EMC behavior of the lamp because high-frequency disturbances generated by the lamp are short-circuited directly at the place of formation, on the other hand it ensures a lower resistance Breakthrough of the burner, which facilitates in particular a takeover by the operating circuit 20.
  • a termination of the pulse igniter is achieved for the very fast pulses generated by the ignition transformer T IP over the ECG, which has a very low impedance.
  • the inference capacitor C RS forms a low-pass filter together with a return inductor L R. This counteracts electromagnetic interference and protects the ECG output from excessive voltages.
  • the extended circuit also has a current-compensated inductor L SK , which also counteracts electromagnetic interference.
  • a suppressor diode D Tr also called a clamping diode, limits the voltage generated at the operating circuit 20 due to the ignition process and thus protects the output of the operating circuit 20.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner 50 of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is fastened to the base 70 by means of a metal clip 52 and four retaining plates 53 (see, for example, US Pat Fig. 1 ).
  • this metal clip 52 is now grounded, ie placed in an integrated gas discharge lamp for automobiles, for example on body ground.
  • the earthing of the metal clamp reliably prevents a flashover from the metal clamp to the headlight, since both parts are at the same potential during ignition.
  • a particularly good capacitive coupling to a on the gas discharge lamp burner vessel established Zündinsbetikung.
  • Such priming coatings are often applied to high pressure discharge lamp burners to reduce the high ignition voltages.
  • this measure increases the ignition voltage lowering property of the Zündinsbezel located on the gas discharge lamp burner vessel. It is particularly advantageous if the capacitive influence of the metal clip on the gas discharge lamp burner (optionally including its Zündinsbe Anlagenung) is increased. For this purpose, further electrically conductive parts are galvanically or capacitively coupled to the metal clip. This results in a kind of "third electrode", which consists of several “coupled together individual electrodes" and is grounded on one side.
  • this third electrode may additionally comprise a metallic coating 54 on the outer bulb, as shown in FIG Fig. 21 is indicated. The coating can be applied to the outside and / or on the inside of the outer bulb.
  • the coating consists of electrically conductive, for example, metallic material and is preferably mounted in a strip parallel to the return conductor.
  • the metallic coating 54 does not appear optically and, moreover, there is a minimum distance and thus a maximum coupling capacity for the auxiliary ignition coating on the burner vessel.
  • the coating on the outer bulb may be capacitively or galvanically coupled to the metal clip. For a galvanic coupling, it is particularly advantageous if the electrical contacting of the outer coating with the metal clip by fixing the burner takes place in the metal clip, which without additional Extra effort can be realized by a common assembly technology according to the prior art.
  • the coating preferably extends over 1% to 20% of the outer envelope circumference.
  • the positive effect of the grounded metal clamp on the ignition voltage of a gas discharge lamp is due to the following physical relationship: Because a high voltage is applied to a grounded metal clamp and asymmetric pulse ignition between the metal clamp and both gas discharge lamp electrodes, a dielectrically impeded discharge in the outer envelope will occur in the vicinity of both gas discharge lamp electrodes favored.
  • the dielectrically impeded discharge in the outer bulb favors a breakdown in the burner vessel. This is promoted by the UV light, which arises in the dielectrically impeded discharge and is hardly absorbed by the burner vessel, and favors the generation of free charge carriers at the electrodes and in the discharge space and thus reduces the ignition voltage.
  • the metal bracket and the reference plane to the reflector of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 may consist of a metal part, which has corresponding armature, which are encapsulated by plastic and ensure a good mechanical connection to the base 70.
  • the grounding of the metal clip is then carried out automatically by inserting the lamp in the reflector respectively in the headlight. This makes the reference plane now more robust against mechanical wear, which is advantageous due to the increased weight of an integrated gas discharge lamp 5.
  • Training according to the state of Technology provides only a plastic injection molded part as a reference plane.
  • the base consists of 2 parts.
  • a first part with an already adjusted gas discharge lamp burner 50, which is embedded by means of the metal clip 52, and the holding plates 53 in a plastic base, which has a metal-reinforced reference plane as described above.
  • This first part is connected to a second part, which contains the ignition and operating electronics.
  • the connections for the lamp as well as the power supply lines can be accomplished by welding, soldering, or by a mechanical connection such as a plug contact or an insulation displacement contact.
  • Fig. 21 shows a gas discharge lamp burner 50, which will be described below.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is preferably a mercury-free gas discharge lamp burner, however, a mercury-containing gas discharge lamp burner may also be used.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner 50 accommodates a gas-tight discharge vessel 502 in which electrodes 504 and an ionizable filling are enclosed for generating a gas discharge, wherein the ionizable filling is preferably formed as a mercury-free filling comprising xenon and halides of the metals sodium, scandium, zinc and indium , and the weight ratio of the halides of zinc and indium is in the range of 20 to 100, preferably 50, and wherein the cold pressure of the xenon gas is in the range of 1.3 megapascals to 1.8 megapascals.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner 50 has improved luminous flux maintenance compared with a prior art gas discharge lamp burner and exhibits a longer life due to the lower increase of the operating voltage over the operating life.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner 50 shows only a slight shift in the color location of the light emitted by it over its service life. In particular, the color locus migrates only within the limits permitted by ECE Rule 99.
  • Both the comparatively high cold pressure of the xenon and the comparatively high proportion by weight of the halides of the zinc contribute significantly to the setting of the burning voltage of the gas discharge lamp burner 50, that is to say the voltage which occurs after the ignition phase has ended in the quasi-stationary operating state over the discharge path of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the halides of indium are present in such a small proportion by weight that they contribute to adjusting the color locus of the light emitted by the gas discharge lamp burner, but do not make a significant contribution to adjusting the burning voltage of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the halides of indium in the gas discharge lamp burner 50, as well as the halides of sodium and scandium mainly serve the light emission.
  • the weight fraction of halides of zinc is in the range of 0.88 micrograms to 2.67 Microgram per 1 mm 3 discharge vessel volume and the weight fraction of halides of indium ranging from 0.026 microgram to 0.089 microgram per 1 mm 3 discharge vessel volume.
  • halides iodides, bromides or chlorides can be used.
  • the weight fraction of sodium halides is advantageously in the range of 6.6 micrograms to 13.3 micrograms per 1 mm 3 of discharge vessel volume and the weight percent of halides of scandium in the range of 4.4 micrograms to 11.1 micrograms per 1 mm 3 of Discharge vessel volume to ensure that the gas discharge lamp burner 50 generates white light with a color temperature of about 4000 Kelvin and the color location during the life of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 in the white light range, preferably within narrow limits.
  • the losses of sodium due to diffusion through the vessel wall of the discharge vessel
  • scandium due to chemical reaction with the quartz glass of the discharge vessel
  • the color location and the color temperature are changed.
  • the volume of the discharge vessel is advantageously less than 23 mm 3 in order to come as close as possible to the ideal of a point light source.
  • the light emitting part of the discharge vessel 502 that is, the discharge space with the electrodes enclosed therein, should have the smallest possible dimensions.
  • the light source should be be punctiform in order to arrange them in the focal point of an optical imaging system can.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp 5 according to the invention comes closer to this ideal than a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the prior art, since it preferably has a discharge vessel 502 with a smaller volume.
  • the volume of the discharge vessel 502 of the high-pressure discharge lamp 5 is therefore advantageously in the range of greater than or equal to 10 mm 3 to less than 26 mm 3 .
  • the distance between the electrodes 504 of the gas discharge lamp burner is preferably less than 5 millimeters in order to come as close as possible to the ideal of a point light source.
  • the electrode spacing is preferably 3.5 millimeters.
  • the thickness or the diameter of the electrodes 502 of the gas discharge lamp burner is advantageously in the range of 0.20 millimeters to 0.36 millimeters. Electrodes with a thickness in this range of values can still be embedded sufficiently reliably in the quartz glass of the discharge vessel and at the same time have sufficient current-carrying capacity, which is particularly important during the so-called start-up phase of the high-pressure discharge lamp, during which they have 3 to 5 times their rated power and rated current is operated.
  • the electrodes are each connected to an embedded in the material of the discharge vessel molybdenum foil 506, which allow a gastight Stromdürch arrangement. and the smallest distance between the respective molybdenum foil 506 and the end of the electrode connected to it which projects into the interior of the discharge vessel 502 is advantageously at least 4.5 mm in order to maximize the distance between the respective molybdenum foil 506 and the one projecting into the discharge vessel 502 To ensure electrode tips attaching gas discharge.
  • the gas discharge lamps considered here must be operated with alternating current, which is generated primarily by the operating electronics 920.
  • This alternating current can be a high-frequency alternating current, in particular with a frequency above the acoustic resonances occurring in gas discharge lamps, which in the case of the lamps considered here corresponds to a frequency of the lamp current above approximately 1 MHz.
  • alternating current can be a high-frequency alternating current, in particular with a frequency above the acoustic resonances occurring in gas discharge lamps, which in the case of the lamps considered here corresponds to a frequency of the lamp current above approximately 1 MHz.
  • one uses the low-frequency rectangular operation which is considered below.
  • Gas discharge lamps in particular high-pressure discharge lamps, in the case of incorrect operation, generally tend to break the arc when the lamp current changes direction, the so-called commutation, which is due to a too low temperature of the electrodes.
  • high-pressure discharge lamps are operated with a low-frequency rectangular current, which is also called “wobbly DC operation".
  • a substantially rectangular current with a frequency of usually 100 Hz up to a few kHz is applied to the lamp.
  • the lamp current commutates, resulting in a brief zeroing of the lamp current. This operation ensures that the electrodes of the lamp are uniformly loaded despite a quasi-DC operation.
  • the arc approach that is, the approach of the arc on the electrode is fundamentally problematic in the operation of a gas discharge lamp with alternating current.
  • alternating current When operating with alternating current is during commutation the cathode to the anode and vice versa an anode to the cathode.
  • the transition cathode-anode is inherently relatively unproblematic, since the temperature of the electrode has approximately no influence on their anodic operation.
  • the ability of the electrode to supply a sufficiently high current depends on its temperature. If this is too low, the arc changes during the commutation, usually after the zero crossing, from a point-shaped Bogenansatz Hänger in a diffuse Bogenansatz istives. This change is accompanied by an often visible collapse of the light emission, which can be perceived as flickering.
  • commutation is considered to be the process in which the polarity of the driving voltage of the gas-discharge lamp burner 50 changes, and therefore, a large current or voltage change occurs. In a substantially symmetrical operation of the lamp is at the middle of the commutation of the voltage or current zero crossing. It should be noted that the voltage commutation usually always runs faster than the current commutation.
  • the problem of the changing bow approach mode relates above all to gas discharge lamps, which have comparatively large electrodes compared to similar lamps of the same nominal power.
  • lamps are then overloaded when "immediate light” is required, such as xenon discharge lamps in the automotive sector, where 80% of the light output must be reached after 4 seconds due to statutory provisions.
  • These lamps are operated during a so-called “quick start”, also referred to as start-up phase, with a significantly higher power than their rated power to meet the applicable automotive standards or regulations. Therefore, the electrode is dimensioned for the high starting power, but is too large in relation to the normal operating condition.
  • the electrode is heated mainly by the lamp current flowing therethrough, the problem of flicker occurs especially in aged gas discharge lamps whose burning voltage is increased at the end of the life. Due to the increased burning voltage, a smaller lamp current flows since the operating electronics keep the lamp power constant during stationary lamp operation by means of regulation, for which reason the electrodes of the gas discharge lamp at the end of life are no longer heated enough.
  • the operating electronics are inseparably connected to the gas discharge lamp burner, so that the previous burning time, also referred to as cumulative burning time t k , which was operated by summation of all periods in which the gas discharge lamp burner, regardless of the between them lying periods in which the gas discharge lamp burner was not operated, results, can be detected by the operating electronics in a simple manner. This detection may be done, for example, by a nonvolatile memory timepiece which measures the time each time the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is operated, thus burning an arc between the electrodes.
  • the frequency may not be increased arbitrarily, since otherwise it may come to an excitation of acoustic resonances in the lamp, which may undergo a deformation of the arc and also flicker. This effect is already possible from frequencies of 1 kHz, which is why normally for normal operation, i. after the ignition and start-up phase in the stationary operating phase, a frequency of 400 Hz or 500 Hz selects. This frequency is referred to below as the lower limit frequency.
  • the term "low cumulative burning time” is regarded as a burning time in which the burner 50 of the gas discharge lamp 5 shows no or only a few aging effects. This is the case until the cumulative burning time reaches approximately the first 10% of the specified life of the gas discharge lamp 5.
  • the term “near the specified lifetime” is hereinafter considered to be a lifetime at which the cumulative burn time slowly reaches the specified life, e.g. between 90% and 100% of the specified life. The specified lifetime is considered to be the life specified by the manufacturer.
  • Fig. 22 shows the diagram of a first embodiment of the method in which the operating frequency of the gas discharge lamp burner is plotted over its burning time. It is easy to see that the operating frequency remains constant at 400 Hz for a burning time of 500 h, then gradually increased by 0.5 Hz / h to 900 Hz during the firing time of 500 h to 1500 h, and then off to stay at 900 Hz.
  • the frequency increase in the range 500 h to 1500 h does not have to be continuous, but can also be done in stages.
  • a second variant of the first embodiment of the method which in Fig. 32 is shown, starting from a cumulative burning time of 2097152 s, which corresponds to about 583 h, always after the expiry of 32768 s, which corresponds to about 9.1 h, the frequency increased by 4 Hz. The frequency is increased until 128 increments have been made. Then the frequency - starting from the original starting value of 400 Hz - has reached 912 Hz.
  • the second variant of the first embodiment of the method is particularly suitable for implementation by means of digital logic, for example by a microcontroller or a digital circuit in an ASIC, since it requires only discrete time and frequency steps.
  • the in Fig. 33 is shown, a particularly simple implementation is applied.
  • the frequency is doubled in one step from 400 Hz to 800 Hz. Subsequently, the lamp is always operated at the high frequency.
  • only a single frequency step takes place.
  • the in Fig. 34 is shown, the above method is combined with a circuit arrangement for detecting flicker (not shown) in order to make an appropriate adjustment of the frequency to the requirements of the lamp burner can.
  • the circuit for detecting flickers is based on a detection circuit, which uses the lamp voltage and / or the lamp current for detection. Alternatively, suitable correlating variables can be used before the inverter for detection.
  • An electronic operating or ballast as it is usually used in the motor vehicle and may be included as operating electronics 920 in the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, has a two-stage structure consisting of DC-DC converter and inverters which are coupled together via a DC intermediate circuit, wherein the temporal voltage change of the DC intermediate circuit and / or the temporal change in current of the current flowing into the inverter from the intermediate circuit can be regarded as a measure of the flickering of the lamp.
  • the flicker detecting circuit now detects whether flickering occurs at the lamp. If this is the case and the previous burning time of the lamp is greater than 500 h, a Flacker mapping method is set in motion.
  • At least the Flackerintenstician is stored at the selected operating frequency. if necessary Further, measured at the operating frequency parameters are stored. Flicker intensity must be measured over a comparatively long period of time in order to compensate for statistical fluctuations which may occur during operation.
  • a measuring time of 20-30 minutes is provided. The frequency is increased by 100 Hz, and then measured the Flackerintenstician. In a first stage, the frequency is increased up to a first upper limit frequency of 900 Hz.
  • the increase of the frequency does not continue, the current frequency is saved in a non-volatile memory for future operation, so that the next time the integrated lamp is switched on again the last time it is switched on Frequency is started.
  • the count of the flicker minimum search is increased by one and the frequency further increased until the triple value of the first upper limit frequency, in this case 2700 Hz, the so-called second upper limit frequency is reached. Thereafter, the frequency is selected from the entire measured range between the lower limit frequency and the second upper limit frequency at which the slightest flicker has occurred.
  • the flickering intensity associated with the least flickering is multiplied by a factor greater than 1 and called new permissible threshold value, the so-called current flicker limit stored.
  • the monitoring and measurement of the flicker remains activated and it is periodically checked whether the current flicker intensity is above the current flicker limit. If this is the case, jump to the frequency which has shown the second lowest flicker intensities in the previously described examination of the lamp in the context of this method. At this frequency, the lamp is then operated while continue to monitor and measure the flicker remains activated. If the current flicker intensity is again above the current flicker limit, the frequency with the third lowest Flicker intensity is changed. If, in the subsequent operation, the current flicker intensity is also above the current flicker limit, the count of the flicker minimum search is again increased by one and a new cycle of the minimum search is started, the entire frequency range between the lower limit frequency and the second upper limit frequency is examined.
  • the count of how often the flicker minimum search has already been activated and the current flicker limit are stored in the nonvolatile memory of the operating electronics (920, 930). These two values can be read out via the communication interface of the integrated gas discharge lamp, for example via a LIN bus. As part of the maintenance of the motor vehicle, for example in the context of the inspection after expiry of a service interval, or because the motor vehicle due to a Defect is located in the workshop, the two values are read and compared with limits that represent the still tolerated values. The limits may also be stored in the integrated gas discharge lamp and read out via the communication bus, but for convenience in the preferred embodiment are stored in the workshop diagnostic tool.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp (5) must be replaced by a new integrated gas discharge lamp. This approach significantly increases the availability of the lighting system without incurring significant costs, since the lamp is not unnecessarily replaced early and during maintenance no significant additional time, since the vehicle is already connected to the diagnostic device.
  • the limit values with which the data from the nonvolatile memory of the operating electronics are compared can be changed as a function of the cumulative burning time (t k ) or the cumulative weighted burning time (t kg ) likewise read from the nonvolatile memory, such that, for example, the flicker limit of an old one Lamp may be higher than a new lamp without the lamp would have to be replaced.
  • the dependencies of the limit values as a function of the burning time of the lamp are made available to the motor vehicle manufacturer by the lamp manufacturer so that the latter can enter the data into his diagnostic device, for example in the form of a table or data matrix.
  • the procedure is analogous to the second embodiment, but in particular in order to save storage space in the microcontroller, in the search described above, only the value of the previously minimal flicker intensity and the associated operating frequency are stored. This means that instead of a real mapping, only a minimum search with respect to flicker intensity is performed. If, during the first search operation, no aborted search has been performed up to the first upper cutoff frequency, then, as in the second embodiment, picking up to the second upper cutoff frequency will continue. Then you can jump directly to the frequency stored in the minimum memory. Subsequently, the lamp is operated for at least 30 minutes at this frequency and during this time determines the Flackerintensmaschine over this period. If this is increased by more than one permissible factor, for example 20% compared to the original one, a new search for the best possible operating frequency is started and proceeded as described above.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamps 5 can have communication means or at least one communication interface, which in particular enables communication with the on-board electronics of the motor vehicle. Particularly advantageous appears a LIN bus, but also the connection of the integrated gas discharge lamp by means of a CAN bus and the on-board electronics is possible.
  • the lamp can communicate in an advantageous manner with the higher-level control system, for example a light module in a motor vehicle.
  • various information about the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 can be transmitted to the higher-level control system via the communication interface.
  • This information is stored in a non-volatile memory in the lamp.
  • the information can also be directly integrated into the non-volatile memory of the integrated electronics Gas discharge lamp 5 are written, therefore, a communication interface for this purpose is not absolutely necessary.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner 50 measured exactly and attached when sockets on the base 70 against a reference plane of the base in a well-defined position on the base. This ensures a high quality of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 and headlamp 3 optical system, since the arc burning between the gas discharge lamp electrodes 504 occupies an exact spatial position relative to the reference plane which is the interface to the headlamp.
  • the production machine is characterized by e.g. the distance and the location of the electrodes known.
  • the electrode spacing can be an important factor for the operating electronics since the electrode spacing of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 correlates with the burning voltage.
  • a unique serial number or alternatively a production batch number can be stored in the non-volatile memory of the lamp to ensure traceability. Via the serial number, the data stored in the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 parts can be queried with all available data via a database maintained by the manufacturer to identify the affected lamps in production errors of individual parts can.
  • further parameters measured during lamp operation and stored in the non-volatile memory of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 can be transmitted via the on-board electronics by means of the communication interface queried and also stored. It may be useful, for example, to store the data of the optical system of which the headlight is made in the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, since it can thus control the power of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 in such a way that a uniformly high light output of the headlight system is achieved.
  • a conventional operating electronics not integrated in the lamp base of the discharge lamp would also have been able to detect these parameters and make them available via a communication interface.
  • these parameters would not have been useful for a diagnosis in the context of the service of the motor vehicle, since the lamp could have been changed at any time independently of the operating electronics and consequently the parameters read out need not necessarily describe the currently existing system of lamp and operating electronics.
  • This disadvantage does not have the described system of an integrated gas discharge lamp, in which a gas discharge lamp burner and an operating electronics for the gas discharge lamp burner are integrated inseparably from each other in a lamp.
  • the communication interface is preferably a LIN bus or alternatively a CAN bus. Both interface protocols are widely used and implemented in the automotive sector. If the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is not used in an automobile, the communication interface of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 can also have a protocol that is widely used in general lighting, such as DALI or EIB / Instabus.
  • the higher-level control system present in the motor vehicle can be used e.g. calculate the expected replacement time of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5. At an inspection date of the vehicle can then be decided whether the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 will work properly until the next inspection date, or whether it must be replaced, for example, a poor quality of light or even a failure of the lamp must be feared.
  • the data can be read out via a communication interface of the integrated gas discharge lamp enables a service technician to read the data from the integrated gas discharge lamp Read out the gas discharge lamp and replace the lamp if necessary, as described above with regard to a flickering lamp.
  • the lamp can use these data at any time in its lifetime calculations, thus making the lifetime calculations, that is to say the estimation of how long the integrated gas discharge lamp will work properly, clear be more precise.
  • data are stored in the non-volatile memory of the operating electronics, from which the production period can be opened. In this way, any defective productions or defects detected later in a batch can still be exchanged in the field before the lamp fails. This is of very great use for the user of the motor vehicle, because in particular when using the integrated gas discharge lamp in a headlight, it is a particularly safety-relevant application.
  • the data stored in a database during production can be simply and reliably assigned to the lamp.
  • This works particularly efficiently when a unique and unique serial number is stored in the non-volatile memory of the operating electronics.
  • this includes a manufacturer code, which is harmonized by all manufacturers, so that different manufacturers of the same type of the integrated
  • gas discharge lamp can assign a serial number in their respective production, yet it is ensured that there will be no second lamp, which has the same serial number.
  • one or more numbers are preferably stored in the non-volatile memory, which increase monotonically with the burning time and / or with the number of ignitions of the gas discharge lamp.
  • the burning time of the gas discharge lamp burner is detected, added up and stored as a cumulative burning time in the nonvolatile memory of the operating electronics.
  • the cumulative burning time is preferably stored as a number in the nonvolatile memory.
  • the burning time can also be weighted by operating parameters and stored in the nonvolatile memory of the operating electronics as a number, this number then corresponding to the cumulative weighted burning time.
  • the different types of cumulative burning time will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the previous burning time can be reliably compared with the specified life of the manufacturer, and an accurate statement about the remaining life of the lamp are made.
  • the lifetime specified by the manufacturer can be a function of further data likewise read from the nonvolatile memory, so that it can depend, for example, on the number of starts or the required luminous flux of the lamp.
  • a number stored in the nonvolatile memory of the operating electronics makes a statement about the flickering of the lamp, in particular the number of starts of the flicker minimum search or the current flicker limit, then the state of the integrated gas discharge lamp can be accurately detected and read out as required , These values can be used in a service of the motor vehicle in which the integrated gas discharge lamp is located to assess the remaining service life. Also of interest to the service technician is the number of ignitions of the gas discharge lamp burner stored in the nonvolatile memory of the operating electronics since the number of ignitions has as much influence on the service life as the burning time. At a service appointment of the car. Thus, data are read from the non-volatile memory of the operating electronics and depending on the data is a different approach to maintenance.
  • the decision as to whether the integrated gas discharge lamp has to be exchanged can, in addition to the experience of the service technician, be based on the data read from the nonvolatile memory of the operating electronics.
  • the decision to replace the integrated gas discharge lamp is preferably made when the accumulated Burning time and / or the cumulative weighted burning time and / or the number of ignitions of the gas discharge lamp burner is above a certain limit.
  • the limit value preferably depends on the production period and / or on the data which allow a clear identification of the integrated gas discharge lamp. This makes a reliable and simple decision about the replacement of the integrated gas discharge lamp possible.
  • the information stored in the nonvolatile memory of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 can also be used to keep the light output of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 constant over its lifetime.
  • the light output at nominal power of gas discharge lamps changes over their lifetime.
  • the efficiency of the lamp decreases due to blackening and devitrification of the discharge vessel, as a result of the burn-back of the electrodes and the consequent change in the discharge arc.
  • the efficiency of the entire optical system is thereby further degraded, as these systems are usually dimensioned for a point light source or for the shortest, resulting from the minimum electrode gap discharge arc, and with an extension of the discharge arc more light is lost in the optical system.
  • the optical system itself loses efficiency during its service life, whether through lens opacification or defocusing due to temperature cycling or the permanent vibration experienced by an automotive headlamp.
  • the following is from a Lamp burning time t k , and spoken by a cumulative weighted burning time t kg , wherein the cumulative weighted burning time t kg is weighted with a below-explained weighting function ⁇ .
  • the operating electronics of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 has stored the relevant parameters of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 in the nonvolatile memory, it can adapt the operating power P LA applied to the gas discharge lamp burner 50 to its cumulative burning time. Since the aging process is not linear, a compensation function ⁇ is stored in the operating electronics in a simple embodiment, as described in US Pat Fig. 27 is shown. Here, the cumulative weighted burning time t kg of the lamp is plotted against the quotient of the lamp power P LA to the nominal power P N of the gas discharge lamp burner 50. In the lower range under 10h burning time the performance is slightly increased. This is to help condition gas discharge lamp burners 50. This is also known as "burning" of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5.
  • the lamp is burned, it is operated with slightly reduced power (about 90% of the rated power), since the efficiency of the lamp as well as the optics is still very good . From a cumulative weighted burning time t kg of about 100 hours, the power slowly increases again to reach a lamp power P La that is about 10% above the specified nominal lamp burner rated power when the specified end of life of 3000 hours is reached.
  • the light output of the gas discharge lamp burner is essentially constant over its burning time.
  • the in the operating electronics the stored function can be influenced by burner parameters stored in the non-volatile memory during production, such as the electrode distance.
  • the operating electronics are designed to operate the present charge lamp torch 50 with under or over power.
  • a weighting function ⁇ is stored in the operating electronics, which represents a dependent of the positive or negative power factor.
  • Fig. 28 shows the weighting function ⁇ for an integrated gas discharge lamp 5 designed for use in the headlight of a motor vehicle.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner 50 When the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is operated with excess power, it ages faster because the electrodes become too hot and electrode material evaporates. If the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is operated with significant underpowering, it will also age faster because the electrodes are too cold and subsequently sputter electrode material, thus electrode material is removed by sputtering, which is undesirable because this reduces the life of the lamp and the light output. Therefore, the operating electronics of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 must weight this aging in the cumulative Calculate burning time t kg .
  • a dimming curve is stored in the operating electronics of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5.
  • Fig. 29 shows such a dimming curve ⁇ using the example of an integrated gas discharge lamp 5 for the automotive industry.
  • the dimming curve shows the dependence of the luminous flux ⁇ set emitted by the gas discharge lamp burner 50, or as in Fig. 29 represented the normalized to the nominal luminous flux ⁇ N luminous flux ⁇ Should ⁇ N .
  • Fig. 29 represents the normalized to the rated electrical nominal rated power P N electrical burner output P La , S P N , In the Fig. 29 this is plotted at a cumulative weighted burning time t kg of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 of 100 h. For another cumulative weighted burning time t kg of the gas discharge lamp burner 50, other curves are obtained. Ideally, a three-dimensional characteristic map is stored in the operating electronics of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, which takes into account the age of the gas discharge lamp burner 50. The Fig. 29 is thus only a section through the map for a cumulative weighted burning time t kg of the gas discharge lamp burner of 100 h.
  • the characteristic diagram for determining the lamp power may contain further dimensions, for example the burning time since the last ignition of the lamp or the estimated burner temperature, in particular effects in the range up to a few minutes after ignition, due to thermal transients during the so-called "run-up" of the lamp, in which it comes, inter alia, to evaporate the filling, depict.
  • the dimming curve need not necessarily be stored as a map in the operating electronics of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, it can also be stored as a function so that it can be calculated by a microcontroller integrated in the operating electronics.
  • the underlying function or the corresponding characteristic field can be expressed approximately by a product, as factors in addition to the nominal power P N of the gas discharge lamp burner every single factor influence describes one of the above sizes.
  • the factor ⁇ takes into account the aging of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the function ⁇ may also include the aging of the optical system, this data preferably being communicated via the communication interface of the integrated gas discharge lamp, so that these influences also in the calculation of the operating electronics of the integrated gas discharge lamp can be considered.
  • the amount of light predetermined by the control unit may depend, for example, on the speed of a motor vehicle in which the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is operated. When driving slowly, the lamp is operated, for example, dimmed, whereas it is operated at speed on the highway, for example, slightly above the rated power to ensure a wide view and a good illumination of the road.
  • the previous burning duration of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 can also or additionally be taken into account during operation.
  • the operating electronics can operate the burner with a power that causes it to age least, thus effectively extending its life compared to conventional operation.
  • Fig. 30 shows such an exemplary Brennerschonkurve in the luminous flux quotient ⁇ Should ⁇ N over the cumulative normalized lifetime t k t N is applied. The latter is calculated from the lamp burn time t k divided by the rated life t N of the lamp of, for example, 3,000 hours.
  • the gas-discharge lamp burner 50 is operated at 1.2 times its rated power to condition and burn-up the gas-discharge lamp burner 50. Thereafter, the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is operated at rated power for a long time. When the gas discharge lamp burner 50 reaches 80% of its life, the power is successively reduced to about 0.8 times the rated power.
  • the weight function in Fig. 28 discloses, on closer inspection, that the lamp is spared the most in operation at about 0.8 times its rated power. Therefore, the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is operated towards the end of its life with this power to ensure the longest possible residual life and a sudden lamp failure, which can have fatal consequences especially in the automotive sector.
  • the lamp burning time t k can, contrary to the representation in the Fig. 30 also the cumulative weighted burning time t kg can be used.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 can calculate the expected residual life of its gas discharge lamp burner based on the above-mentioned data and calculations and store it in a non-volatile memory of the operating electronics 220, 230. Is the vehicle during an inspection in the workshop, so can for the inspection interesting lamp data, in particular the stored remaining life are read out. Based on the read remaining life can then be decided whether the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 must be replaced. It is also conceivable that in the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, the serial number of the integrated gas discharge lamp and / or the serial number of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is stored. On the basis of the serial number, the mechanic in the workshop can query via a manufacturer database whether the lamp is in order or may need to be replaced due to defects in the production or in the components installed in it.
  • the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 contrary to the above-described embodiment in the workshop not the expected remaining life is read, but it read the data as the lamp was actually operated. These data are then evaluated by the diagnostic device based on the nominal data associated with each serial number from the manufacturer database. For example, the rated life t N of a lamp with a given serial number is stored in the manufacturer database. In the case of product defects this would be correspondingly low. After other data about the operation in the operating electronics are stored, such as the number of ignitions, these parameters can also be compared with the manufacturer's database, which then contains, for example, the number of nominal ignitions for each lamp.
  • an operating electronics 920 is used as the basis for a topology Fig. 23 having.
  • the operating electronics 920 has a DC-DC converter 9210, which is supplied by the battery voltage of an automobile.
  • the DC-DC converter 9210 is followed by an inverter 9220 via an intermediate circuit capacitor C ZW , which supplies a gas discharge lamp burner 50 with an AC voltage via a lamp circuit.
  • the lamp circuit consists of an output capacitor C A and the ignition electronics 910, with the primary winding of the ignition transformer in the lamp circuit, as well as the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • a straightened discharge arc offers many advantages.
  • a first significant advantage is the better thermal budget of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 obtained by a more uniform thermal wall load of the burner vessel. This leads to a better thermal utilization and thus longer life of the burner vessel.
  • a second significant advantage is a contracted arc that has reduced diffusivity. With such a 'narrower' arc, for example, the appearance of a headlight can be more precise and the light output of the headlight can be increased significantly.
  • the ignition and operating electronics 910, 920 or the entire operating electronics 930 (also referred to as operating electronics) inseparably connected to the gas discharge lamp burner 50, the operating electronics can calibrate the gas discharge lamp burner 50 to produce a stable burning straight arc , Since due to the inseparability of operating electronics 920, 930 and gas discharge lamp burner 50 of the operating electronics 920, 930, the burning time of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is known, aging effects of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 may affect the operation of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the basic procedure for straightening the arc of the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 is as follows:
  • the operating electronics 920, 930 when switched on for the first time, measure the gas discharge lamp burner 50 with respect to acoustic resonances and detect the frequencies suitable for bow straightening. This is done by scanning the frequency ranges between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency. The frequencies are modulated to the operating frequency of the integrated gas discharge lamp burner. While scanning The impedance of the gas discharge lamp burner is measured and stored in each case the lowest impedance with the associated frequency. This frequency with the lowest impedance characterizes the maximum achievable arc straightening. Depending on the lamp type, the minimum frequency can drop to a frequency of 80kHz, the maximum frequency can reach a frequency of about 300kHz.
  • the minimum frequency is about 110 kHz and the maximum frequency is about 160 kHz.
  • the measurement is necessary to compensate for manufacturing tolerances of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the typical aging with respect to the resonance frequencies of the lamp is stored in a microcontroller (not shown) of the operating electronics 920, 930, for example in a table.
  • the values in the table may be stored depending on the operation of the gas discharge lamp burner (cycle shape, start-up or dimmed operation).
  • the controlled operation may be extended by a controlled modulation mode having a modulation frequency in a narrow range around the calculated frequency (in accordance with the controlled operation).
  • the calculated frequency is modulated with a modulation frequency of eg 1 kHz in order to prevent possible flicker phenomena by excitation of acoustic resonances in the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • a modulation frequency eg 1 kHz
  • An advantage over previous prior art devices is that now the frequency range (within which the frequency is allowed to be varied) is very small and the problems with dimming lamps or unstable regulator behavior are smaller. Nonetheless, certain types of lamps can do it make sense to measure the frequency ranges around the actual modulation frequency with respect to their Flacker s to ensure stable lamp operation can.
  • the circuit arrangement is used for detecting flickering, and measures frequencies lying close to the modulation frequency for their flicker behavior.
  • the frequency of the DC-DC converter 9210 is now chosen equal to the modulation frequency.
  • a high-frequency ripple remains as a modulated high-frequency alternating voltage on the DC voltage output by the DC-DC converter 9210.
  • the DC voltage with the modulated high-frequency AC voltage serves as the input voltage for the inverter 9220.
  • the inverter 9220 is designed here as a full bridge, which converts the DC voltage into a rectangular AC voltage.
  • the amplitude of the modulation signal ie the modulated high-frequency alternating voltage
  • the amplitude of the modulation signal is determined by the dimensioning of the output filter of the full bridge (output capacitor C A ) and by the inductance of the secondary winding (IPSH, IPSR) of the pulse ignition transformer. Characterized in that in the integrated gas discharge lamp 5, these components are inextricably linked together, a good matching of the components to the desired mode of operation is possible. Due to the superimposed high-frequency voltage, the desired straightening of the discharge arc occurs.
  • the disadvantage of this embodiment is the fixed-frequency operation of the DC-DC converter, which does not allow effective switching relief, so that the losses of the system increase.
  • the superimposed high-frequency voltage is generated by a signal generator 9230.
  • This couples in the high-frequency voltage in the lamp circuit between a choke L K and the primary winding of the ignition transformer 910 of the ignition electronics.
  • the coupling in front of the ignition transformer is important, since the Signal Generator 9230 would otherwise have to be designed with high voltage resistance.
  • the choke is used to decouple the DC link capacitor C ZK , otherwise it would dampen the coupled high-frequency voltage too much. For this reason, the inductance of the ignition transformer of the ignition electronics 910 should be as small as possible.
  • the signal generator can be designed so that the frequency of the injected high-frequency voltage is in turn modulated in order to achieve a safer and flicker-free operation of the gas discharge lamp burner 50.
  • the signal generator is integrated into the ignition electronics 910.
  • the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is started by a resonance ignition.
  • the ignition electronics has a designed for high-frequency operation ignition transformer T IR , which is controlled by a signal generator, which is designed as a class-E converter.
  • the ignition transformer T IR is to be dimensioned so that the at least the fundamental of the occurring high frequency and identical to the switching frequency of the class E converter is still sufficiently well transmitted, in particular its efficiency at this frequency is better than 10%.
  • the switching frequency of the class E converter during ignition is between 80 kHz and 10 MHz.
  • the frequency is chosen above 300 kHz because a small design is possible here and below 4 MHz since the achievable efficiencies are particularly high.
  • the ignition transformer is controlled via a galvanically isolated primary winding.
  • the secondary winding is divided into two galvanically isolated windings, each connected between a lamp electrode and the inverter 9220.
  • the signal generator generates a high-frequency current through the primary winding of the ignition transformer T IR , which excites resonance on the secondary side in a resonant circuit, which causes the gas discharge lamp burner 50 to break.
  • the resonant circuit consists of the secondary inductance of the ignition transformer T IR and a lying over the lamp capacitance C R2 . Since the capacitance C R2 is very small, it does not necessarily have to be integrated as a component in the ignition electronics 910, but can be generated by structural measures.
  • the mode of operation of the signal generator is changed over, so that it now injects a high-frequency signal via the ignition transformer T IR , which is modulated onto the lamp voltage for arc straightening.
  • This has the advantage that the frequency and the amplitude of the modulated voltage is relatively freely adjustable, without having to forego an optimized operation of the DC-DC converter 9210 or the inverter 9220.
  • This circuit topology can be used by the Ignition electronics 910 also provided via the resonant circuit increased transfer voltage for the gas discharge lamp burner 50 are provided so that it does not have to be generated by the DC-DC converter 9210.
  • the operation of the DC-DC converter 9210 can be further optimized because the necessary output voltage range of the DC-DC converter 9210 is smaller. Also, the inverter 9220 must implement less power, as part of the lamp power is coupled in via the modulated lamp voltage. This embodiment thus offers the greatest freedom in the implementation of the operating parameters, so that an optimized and reliable operation of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 is possible with straightened discharge arc.
  • Fig. 26 shows a simplified compared to the prior art embodiment of a DC-DC converter 9210.
  • the conventional in the art DC-DC converter for ballasts which are operable on an electrical system of an automobile, have a flyback topology, which is also referred to as flyback, since the on-board voltage of 12V must be raised to a higher voltage.
  • a simplified converter in the form of a boost converter also referred to as a boost converter, can be used with an autotransformer T FB . This is possible because in the electromechanical interface used an accidental contacting of the converter output with vehicle ground, the destruction of the boost converter for Result could be, can be excluded.
  • the DC-DC converter used in the prior art in flyback converter topology allow an interruption of the energy flow despite output short circuit. This is in the present converter concept after Fig. 26 not the case, since there is no galvanic isolation in the power path of the converter, which could interrupt the energy flow from the input, so the 12V electrical system to the output, ie the power supply of the gas discharge lamp burner 50 which was accidentally connected to the vehicle ground. Otherwise, the DC-DC converter is constructed in the usual way. It consists of an input-side EMI filter, an input capacitor C1, a converter switch Q, an inductance T FB designed as an autotransformer which operates via a diode D on the intermediate circuit capacitor C ZW . This converter is considerably less expensive than the flyback converters used in the prior art, thus the integrated gas discharge lamp 5 compared to a lamp system according to the prior art, with a gas discharge lamp and an external electronic control gear in the system consideration considerably less expensive.

Landscapes

  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5), présentant un bruleur de lampe à décharge de gaz (50), caractérisée en ce que la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) présente en outre :
    - une électronique d'allumage (910),
    - une électronique de fonctionnement (920, 930) avec une mémoire non volatile ; dans laquelle
    l'électronique d'allumage (910), l'électronique de fonctionnement (920, 930) et le bruleur de lampe à décharge de gaz (50) sont reliés entre eux dans la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) de manière intégrée et inséparable,
    dans laquelle l'électronique de fonctionnement (920, 930) commande la puissance du brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz (50) en fonction de sa durée de combustion (t) de sorte que le niveau d'émission de lumière de la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) suit une courbe de valeurs théoriques ϕ ⁢ théorique ϕ ⁢ N ,
    Figure imgb0010
     la durée de combustion du brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz est acquise, additionnée et stockée en tant que durée de combustion cumulée (tk) dans la mémoire non volatile de l'électronique de fonctionnement (920, 930), les données du brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz pendant la production de la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) sont écrites dans la mémoire non volatile (5), et ces données sont utilisées pour le calcul de la puissance de la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) en fonction de la durée de combustion cumulée.
  2. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la valeur théorique tout au long de la durée de vie de la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) est la même.
  3. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'électronique de commande (920, 930) calcule la puissance à émettre au niveau du brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz (50) au moins à partir des données suivantes stockées dans la mémoire non volatile :
    - la durée de combustion cumulée (tk),
    - le démarrage du brûleur comptabilisé par l'électronique de fonctionnement,
    - les données du brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz,
    - une fonction de compensation (β).
  4. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) présente une interface de communication.
  5. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) est reliée par le biais de l'interface de communication à un système de commande supérieur et est commandée par celui-ci.
  6. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) reçoit par le biais de l'interface de communication des données relatives à un système optique, sur lequel elle fonctionne, et inclut ces données dans le calcul de la puissance à émettre au niveau du brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz (50).
  7. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon l'une des revendications 4-6, caractérisée en ce que les données du brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz sont écrites dans la mémoire non volatile par le biais de l'interface de communication pendant la production de la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5).
  8. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) stocke des informations relatives au fonctionnement de la lampe à décharge de gaz (50) dans la mémoire non volatile, et ces informations peuvent être interrogées par le système de commande supérieur.
  9. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon l'une des revendications 2-8, caractérisée en ce que la durée de combustion cumulée (tk) est pondérée avec une fonction de pondération (γ) en une durée de combustion pondérée cumulée (tkg).
  10. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le système de commande supérieur peut spécifier un courant d'éclairage théorique, à partir duquel une puissance peut ensuite être calculée par l'électronique de fonctionnement (920, 930) de la lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée en fonction :
    - de la durée de combustion pondérée cumulée (tkg),
    - du démarrage du brûleur comptabilisé par l'électronique de commande,
    - des données du brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz,
    - d'une courbe de compensation (β), et
    - d'une courbe de variation (α),
    laquelle puissance est appliquée sur le brûleur de lampe à décharge de gaz (50).
  11. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la courbe de variation (α) est un champ caractéristique tridimensionnel.
  12. Lampe à décharge de gaz intégrée (5) selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que la courbe de variation (α) est une fonction à partir de laquelle le champ caractéristique tridimensionnel peut être calculé.
EP09752377.3A 2008-11-28 2009-11-17 Lampe à décharge intégrée à émission lumineuse constante pendant la durée de fonctionnement Not-in-force EP2351468B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102008059483A DE102008059483A1 (de) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Integrierte Gasentladungslampe
PCT/EP2009/065328 WO2010060831A1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2009-11-17 Lampe à décharge intégrée à émission lumineuse constante pendant la durée de fonctionnement

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EP2351468A1 EP2351468A1 (fr) 2011-08-03
EP2351468B1 true EP2351468B1 (fr) 2014-06-25

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EP (1) EP2351468B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102227956A (fr)
DE (1) DE102008059483A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW201028047A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010060831A1 (fr)

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DE102010031523A1 (de) * 2010-07-19 2012-01-19 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum optimierten Betrieb einer Hochdruckentladungslampe
US20130293120A1 (en) * 2012-05-04 2013-11-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Luminence control of gas-discharge lamps
US20140091044A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Enaqua Individualized intelligent control of lamps in an ultraviolet fluid disinfection system

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DE102008059561A1 (de) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-10 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Integrierte Gasentladungslampe

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CN102227956A (zh) 2011-10-26
EP2351468A1 (fr) 2011-08-03
US20110234095A1 (en) 2011-09-29
DE102008059483A1 (de) 2010-06-10
WO2010060831A1 (fr) 2010-06-03
TW201028047A (en) 2010-07-16

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