EP2350543B1 - Behälter zum aufbewahren von artikeln auf einer vorbestimmten temperatur - Google Patents

Behälter zum aufbewahren von artikeln auf einer vorbestimmten temperatur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2350543B1
EP2350543B1 EP09741039A EP09741039A EP2350543B1 EP 2350543 B1 EP2350543 B1 EP 2350543B1 EP 09741039 A EP09741039 A EP 09741039A EP 09741039 A EP09741039 A EP 09741039A EP 2350543 B1 EP2350543 B1 EP 2350543B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
heat
peltier element
support
transport
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09741039A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2350543A1 (de
Inventor
Luciënne Jozefina Wilhelmina Maria Krosse
Arnold Felix Linnewiel
Hendrik Pieter Oversloot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Coltratech BV
Original Assignee
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Coltratech BV
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Priority to EP09741039A priority Critical patent/EP2350543B1/de
Publication of EP2350543A1 publication Critical patent/EP2350543A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2350543B1 publication Critical patent/EP2350543B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/025—Removal of heat
    • F25B2321/0251—Removal of heat by a gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a freight container, such as an airfreight container and to adjustment of temperatures inside freight containers.
  • Aircraft freight containers for example, which need to have minimum weight, usually comprise a mechanical frame with supports such as a floor and corner profiles and cloth suspended from these corner profiles.
  • the transport sector has a need for methods and means for the transportation of products in a guaranteed and stable temperature environment. Important conditions for such products are: no increase of mass or volume, self-supporting (i.e. no mains needed), reliable, self regulating and without combustible, toxic or ecotoxic media. For airfreight containers, the low mass is particularly important.
  • both variants When used in a freight container, both variants have in common that the maximum admissible transportation time is determined by the internal temperature rise in the container. Use is made of a certain buffer of dry ice and/or thermal mass. If the freight container, during transportation, would have to wait for longer time in the burning sun, the maximum transportation time will be drastically restricted.
  • EP 645 593 discloses a container according to the preamble of claim 1. However it does not discuss how the structural container frame of such transport containers can be used in a heat control system.
  • US 4,981,019 discloses a portable food container that is cooled by a solar powered refrigeration unit, with a thermoelectric power unit and heat pipes.
  • the portable food container may be used for picnics for example.
  • This document is not from the field of transport containers that are used to load aircraft or other vehicles and it does not show that a structural container frame of such transport containers can be used in a heat control system.
  • US 2002/0104318 discloses a miniature cooled portable container for patients that carry cooled medicines. This document is not from the field of transport containers that are used to load aircraft or other vehicles and it does not structural container frame of such transport containers can be used in a heat control system.
  • the problem is solved by providing a according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 13.
  • the inner space of the container is cooled with a Peltier element and heat generated by the Peltier element is conducted to the supporting container frame via a head spreader and heat pipes.
  • the supporting frame of the container is used to get rid of heat generated by the Peltier element.
  • the supporting frame may contain wall panels, made of non-supporting material such as cloth, plastics etc, and supports, such as corner profiles, tubes or ribs, supporting the wall panels, a heat pipe being coupled to one of the supports.
  • the connection preferably thermally bypasses the wall panels, which means that the heat pipes are not indirectly connected to the support, by a connection to a wall panel and from there to the support.
  • the container is provided with a photovoltaic layer (for example a solar cell) to provide energy for the Peltier element.
  • a photovoltaic layer for example a solar cell
  • the photovoltaic layer may be provided on a wall panel that is supported by the supports.
  • a heat insulation may be provided between a support that is connected to a heat pipe and an adjacent wall panel that carries a photovoltaic layer.
  • a container for storing articles at a predetermined temperature comprising heat insulated walls, the container comprising a Peltier element which, under control of a control module, can be energized by a battery in order to collect or emit heat from/to the inside of the container; the Peltier element being connected, via a heat spreader, to one or more heat pipes extending through at least one of said insulating walls which is connected to outside means for emitting or collecting heat to/from the outside environment of the container.
  • the outside means may comprise an outside container frame or a part of such frame and/or a heat conducting foil or coating, applied on the outside of at least one of said insulating walls.
  • the container may comprise photovoltaic means outside the container, arranged for converting light into electric energy which can be fed to said Peltier element.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a freight container for transporting articles stored at a predetermined temperature.
  • the container has heat insulated walls 9, a Peltier element 1, a control module 2, a thermometer 11, a battery 3, a heat spreader 4, a plurality of heat pipes 5, an outside container frame 6, a heat conducting foil or coating 7, a photovoltaic layer 8 and a control/display unit 12.
  • Heat insulated walls 9 surround an inside room 10 of the container, which can be filled -via a lid (not shown) with articles to be transported.
  • Control module 2 is coupled to Peltier element 1 and thermometer 11.
  • Peltier element 1 can be energized, under control of control module 2 connected to a thermometer 11, by a battery 3 in order to collect or emit heat from/to the inside of the container, dependent on the actual and the desired inside temperature and the outside temperature.
  • Peltier element 1 is connected to the plurality of heat pipes 5 via a heat spreader 4.
  • Heat pipes 5 extend through at least one of the insulating walls 9 and are connected to outside means for emitting or collecting heat to/from (again, depending of the actual and the desired inside temperature and the outside temperature) the outside environment of the container. Instead of a plurality of heat pipes one heat pipe only may be used. Heat pipes are known per se.
  • a heat pipe may be implemented as a hollow pipe that encloses an inner space with a fluid.
  • the heat pipe provides for efficient heat transport in which the fluid may evaporate at the hot side of the heat pipe and condense at the cold side.
  • Heat spreader 4 may be realized as a heat pipe, or a combination of a plurality of heat pipes.
  • a planar heat pipe may be used, with box shaped walls with a planar interior space.
  • heat spreader 4 may be structure such as a plane or a set of strips of heat conductive material, like aluminium, with a heat conductivity higher than that of the walls of the container.
  • Said outside means for emitting or collecting heat may be formed by outside container frame 6 or a part of such frame.
  • those outside means may comprise a heat conducting foil or coating 7, applied on the outside of at least one of said insulating walls.
  • the electric power supply of the (self-supporting) container may be supplemented by the electrical output of photovoltaic layer 8 which is provided outside the container, and which is arranged for converting incident light into electric energy which can be fed, under control of control module 2 to the Peltier element.
  • a control/display unit 12 may be provided outside the container, which is arranged to switch ON/OFF the circuitry and to set/adjust the container's inside temperature; moreover, unit 12 can display the actual inside temperature, the remaining battery charge, etc.
  • An embodiment provides for a container for storing articles at a predetermined temperature, comprising heat insulated walls, the container comprising a Peltier element (1) which, under control of a control module (2), can be energized by a battery (3) in order to collect or emit heat from/to the inside of the container; the Peltier element being connected, via a heat spreader (4), to one or more heat pipes (5) extending through at least one of said insulating walls which is connected to outside means for emitting or collecting heat to/from the outside environment of the container.
  • said outside means comprise an outside container frame (6) or a part of such frame.
  • Said outside means may comprise a heat conducting foil or coating (7), applied on the outside of at least one of said insulating walls.
  • the container comprises photovoltaic means (8) outside the container, arranged for converting light into electric energy which can be fed to said Peltier element.
  • the container preferably has a size and strength according to ISO standards for containers for loading aircraft, ships or trucks.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section of an embodiment of a freight container in top view (not to scale), wherein the outside container frame comprises a plurality of corner supports 20, in the form of aluminium corner profiles, and on-wall supports 20a and wall panels 22 that are supported by structural ribs 20.
  • a heat isolating wall 24 may be provided in the freight container within the space inside wall panels 22.
  • Minimum weight wall panels 22 are preferred, especially for airfreight containers, but also for other forms of transport.
  • Wall panels made of cloth, or other flexible sheet material may be used for example, that hangs from the supports 20, 20a. Other types of panels with a more permanent shape may be used.
  • heat pipes 5 are connected between supports 20, 20a and heat spreader 4.
  • the photovoltaic layer (not shown) is provided on wall panels 22.
  • each support 20, 20a may be coupled to heat spreader 4 via one or more heat pipes 5. But usually it will suffice to couple only part of supports 20, 20a to heat spreader 4 via one or more heat pipes 5.
  • An external heat spreader such as a heat pipe (not shown) may be provided on a support 20, 20a outside heat isolating wall 24, to spread heat more efficiently over the support 20, 20a.
  • heat spreader 4 may likewise extend along a plurality of faces. Although an embodiment with on-wall supports 20a located midway between successive corners of the container are shown, it should be appreciated that these may be left out in smaller containers. For larger containers a plurality of on-wall supports 20a may be used on the same face of the container. Although not visible in the cross-section in top view, it should be appreciated that horizontal supports (not shown) may further be present at the top and/or bottom of the container, or in between top and bottom, connecting the ends of pairs of corner supports 20 and optionally on-wall supports 20a. Corner supports 20 and optional on-wall supports 20a may extend from the top to the bottom, preferably between such horizontal supports. Heat pipes 5 connected between the heat spreader 4 and the horizontal supports may be used in the container instead of, or in addition to the heat pipes to the corner supports 20 and/or on-wall supports 20a.
  • the photovoltaic layer (not shown) may be provided on all wall panels 22, but it may suffice to provide the photovoltaic layer only on part of the wall panels 22.
  • photovoltaic layers are provided on a plurality of ' wall panels 22 that face in mutually different directions, this reduces dependence on the side of the freight container that is exposed to light.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the freight container in more detail.
  • a heat insulating layer 30 is provided between corner support 20 and wall panel 22.
  • heat insulating layer 30 it is meant that the heat insulating layer 30 has a lower thermal conductivity than structural ribs 6 per unit area and over the same thickness.
  • Heat insulating layer 30 reduces efficiency loss of photovoltaic layers 8 on wall panels 20 due to heating of photovoltaic layers 8 from structural ribs 20.
  • Heat pipe 5 connects to corner support 20 through, or around heat insulating layer 30.
  • Figure 4 shows a lateral cross-section of an embodiment of a freight container wherein heat pipes 5 are connected between heat spreader 4 and a floor support 40 of the container.
  • Floor support 40 provides a floor on which the remainder of the container rests.
  • Floor support 40 may be made of aluminium or of another metal or heat conducting material for example.
  • Floor support 40 may be provided with spacers to keep an open space between part of floor support 40 and an underlying floor for entering the fork of a fork lift truck. By using the floor support 40 of the container, it is made possible to cool a container with self-supporting wall panels 22, without corner supports.
  • corner supports 20, on-wall supports 20a and floor support 40 may be called support elements, the word support(s) signifying that the support(s) or support elements have a mechanically supporting function, supporting wall panels, other supports or the weight of the container for example.
  • Floor support 40 may form the floor of the container itself, or an additional floor may be provided on floor support 40.
  • the container may be an airfreight container for example.
  • Standard dimensions have been defined for such containers, aircraft being provided with loading bays of corresponding dimensions size into which containers of the standardized dimensions.
  • One standard of airfreight dimensions is the LD3 standard, for example.
  • the cross section of figure 4 shows an obliquely cut-off corner of one type of standard airfreight container, adapted to the shape of aircraft loading bays.
  • Peltier element 1 may also be used for heating.
  • Peltier element 1 may be used for cooling, and when the outside temperature of the container is low, Peltier element 1 may be used for heating.
  • temperature regulation to a predetermined temperature inside the container is used.
  • temperature regulation to a predetermined temperature inside the container is used.
  • adjustment of the temperature by the action of Peltier element to within a predetermined temperature range may be used.
  • the amount of required cooling and/or heating may be reduced.
  • Peltier element 1 Although an embodiment with a single Peltier element 1 has been shown, it should be appreciated that a plurality of such elements may be used, located at mutually different positions in the container, each coupled to the outside of the container, such as to structural ribs 6 via heat spreader 4 and heat pipes 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Transportbehälter zum Transport von Artikeln, umfassend:
    - Wärmeisolierwände;
    - einen Behälterrahmen außerhalb der Isolierwände;
    - ein Peltier-Element (1) innerhalb der Wärmeisolierwände;
    - einen Wärmeverteiler (4), gekoppelt an das Peltier-Element (1) innerhalb der Wärmeisolierwände;
    - mindestens eine Wärmeleitung (5), die den Wärmeverteiler (4) mit dem Behälterrahmen verbindet und die mindestens durch eine der Isolierwände verläuft.
  2. Transportbehälter nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Behälterrahmen eine Stütze (6, 20, 20a, 40) und eine von der Stütze (6, 20, 20a, 40) gestützte Wandplatte (22) umfasst, wobei mindestens eine der Wärmeleitungen (5) den Wärmeverteiler (4) mit der Stütze (6, 20, 20a, 40) verbindet.
  3. Transportbehälter nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Stütze, mit der mindestens eine der Wärmeleitungen (5) verbunden ist, eine Eckenstütze (20) ist, die vertikal von einem Boden des Behälters an einer Ecke des Behälters verläuft, und/oder eine wandbefestigte Stütze (20a) ist, die vertikal von einem Boden des Behälters entlang einer Wand des Behälters verläuft.
  4. Transportbehälter nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Stütze, mit der mindestens eine der Wärmeleitungen (5) verbunden ist, eine Bodenplatte des Behälters ist.
  5. Transportbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der Behälter ein Frachtbehälter ist.
  6. Transportbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Behälter ein Luftfrachtbehälter mit Standardmaßen zum Laden in ein Flugzeug ist.
  7. Transportbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, umfassend eine photovoltaische Schicht (8) auf der Wandplatte, gerichtet nach außen vom Behälter und gekoppelt mit dem Peltier-Element, um das Peltier-Element mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen.
  8. Transportbehälter nach Anspruch 7, umfassend mehrere Wandplatten, photovoltaische Schichten (8) auf den jeweils mehreren Wandplatten, gerichtet nach außen vom Behälter in voneinander verschiedenen Richtungen vom Behälter, gekoppelt mit dem Peltier-Element, um das Peltier-Element mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen.
  9. Transportbehälter nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, umfassend eine Batterie, die photovoltaische Schicht (8) oder photovoltaische Schichten, gekoppelt mit dem Peltier-Element über die Batterie.
  10. Transportbehälter nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, umfassend eine wärmeisolierende Schicht zwischen der Stütze und der Wandplatte, auf welcher die photovoltaische Schicht bereitgestellt ist.
  11. Transportbehälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend ein Steuermodul (2) und eine Batterie (3), wobei das Steuermodul konfiguriert ist, um das Peltier-Element von der Batterie (3) zu speisen, um Wärme von/zu der Innenseite des Behälters zu sammeln oder abzugeben.
  12. Transportbehälter nach Anspruch 11, wobei Außenmittel eine wärmeleitende Folie oder Beschichtung (7) umfassen, angebracht auf der Außenseite von mindestens einer der Isolierwände.
  13. Verfahren zum Transport von Artikeln in einem Behälter, das Verfahren umfassend das Kühlen eines Innenraums des Behälters mit einem Peltier-Element in dem Innenraum und das Transportieren der von dem Peltier-Element erzeugten Wärme zu einem stützenden Behälterrahmen über einen Wärmeverteiler (4) und Wärmeleitungen (5), gekoppelt zwischen Elementen des Behälterrahmens und dem Wärmeverteiler.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei der Behälter Standardmaße zum Laden in den Laderaum eines Flugzeugs hat, das Verfahren ferner umfassend das Einpassen des Behälters in den Laderaum eines Flugzeugs, dimensioniert entsprechend den Standarddimensionen.
EP09741039A 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Behälter zum aufbewahren von artikeln auf einer vorbestimmten temperatur Not-in-force EP2350543B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09741039A EP2350543B1 (de) 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Behälter zum aufbewahren von artikeln auf einer vorbestimmten temperatur

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08167022A EP2177849A1 (de) 2008-10-20 2008-10-20 Behälter zum Aufbewahren von Artikeln bei einer vorher festgelegten Temperatur
EP09741039A EP2350543B1 (de) 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Behälter zum aufbewahren von artikeln auf einer vorbestimmten temperatur
PCT/NL2009/050635 WO2010047590A1 (en) 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Container for storing articles at a predetermined temperature

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2350543A1 EP2350543A1 (de) 2011-08-03
EP2350543B1 true EP2350543B1 (de) 2012-09-05

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EP08167022A Withdrawn EP2177849A1 (de) 2008-10-20 2008-10-20 Behälter zum Aufbewahren von Artikeln bei einer vorher festgelegten Temperatur
EP09741039A Not-in-force EP2350543B1 (de) 2008-10-20 2009-10-20 Behälter zum aufbewahren von artikeln auf einer vorbestimmten temperatur

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EP08167022A Withdrawn EP2177849A1 (de) 2008-10-20 2008-10-20 Behälter zum Aufbewahren von Artikeln bei einer vorher festgelegten Temperatur

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US (1) US20110247356A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2177849A1 (de)
CN (1) CN102216706A (de)
WO (1) WO2010047590A1 (de)

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US8353167B2 (en) * 2007-04-16 2013-01-15 Ignite Innovations LLC Solar-powered refrigerated container
US8316650B2 (en) * 2009-05-21 2012-11-27 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System and method for heating and cooling a vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2177849A1 (de) 2010-04-21
US20110247356A1 (en) 2011-10-13
CN102216706A (zh) 2011-10-12
EP2350543A1 (de) 2011-08-03
WO2010047590A1 (en) 2010-04-29

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