EP2348495B1 - Rauchmelder mit Ultraschall-Abdecküberwachung - Google Patents

Rauchmelder mit Ultraschall-Abdecküberwachung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2348495B1
EP2348495B1 EP10186854.5A EP10186854A EP2348495B1 EP 2348495 B1 EP2348495 B1 EP 2348495B1 EP 10186854 A EP10186854 A EP 10186854A EP 2348495 B1 EP2348495 B1 EP 2348495B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
smoke
ceiling
wall
smoke detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10186854.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2348495A1 (de
Inventor
Manfred Hentschel
Norbert Schaaf
Frank Redlich
Christoph Kroh
Tobias Viertel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ATRAL-SECAL GmbH
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Atral-Secal GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Atral-Secal GmbH filed Critical Atral-Secal GmbH
Publication of EP2348495A1 publication Critical patent/EP2348495A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2348495B1 publication Critical patent/EP2348495B1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • Smoke detectors are used for the early detection of fires. There are different detection principles, so-called radioactive or optical scattered light detectors, to name just two. Smoke detectors that are intended for use in commercial or industrial systems must meet the properties and functions of, among others, DIN EN 54-ff.
  • Smoke detectors that are to be used for residential buildings, apartments or rooms with similar uses must sometimes meet different requirements than the industrial detectors according to DIN EN 54, since these smoke detectors are not part of a fire alarm system.
  • the customer's requirement is a stand-alone smoke detector, which, unlike industrial detectors, also has the alarm display function and an alarm device that alerts the user present to a danger.
  • the smoke detector which is operated as a standalone smoke detector, must have its own power supply, as it is not supplied via a network of cables from the fire alarm control panel, as is the case with industrial detectors.
  • the European standard DIN EN 14604 "Smoke alarms" was developed by CEN / TC72 as a product standard for living areas. This European standard is mandated by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Area within the framework of the EU Construction Products Directive (BPR) and forms the test basis for the "smoke detector” construction product harmonized with the BPR. If such smoke alarms have been tested according to the DIN EN 14604 standard, there is a presumption that the interested party or user has more security with regard to the performance and Receives quality standards of the so-called home smoke detectors. The DIN EN 14604 has been valid since August 1st, 2008.
  • a smoke detector in the private area if it is installed, is then no longer perceived by the private user as a device that needs to be serviced.
  • a transmitter diode LED
  • LED emits into a smoke chamber.
  • Various diaphragms or diaphragm functions prevent the direct entry of light into a receiving diode.
  • particles e.g. B. smoke particles
  • light is reflected from the particles and detected by the receiving diode. It is therefore of the utmost importance that smoke particles can get into the smoke chamber.
  • the aim of the invention is therefore to provide a smoke alarm which is able to detect the environment around the smoke alarm in a radius of 50 cm and at the same time to determine whether a possibly detected obstacle or detected object hinders or reduces its own detection properties that these are no longer in accordance with the standard.
  • a method is to be specified how the smoke alarm is to be operated.
  • Measurement electronics is arranged, which generates an evaluable measurement signal when smoke particles are detected, achieved in that at least one ultrasonic transceiver is arranged on its side facing away from the ceiling or wall in such a way that it sends ultrasound signals into a hemispherical area facing away from the ceiling or wall, with the exception of an acoustic shadow and can emit and receive reflected ultrasonic signals in the area close to the ceiling.
  • the invention makes use of the physical fact that sound propagates in air at a speed of approx. 330 m / s, so that the distance of the reflecting object can be deduced directly from the period between the transmitted signal and the received signal . If the distance to be detected, for example 50 cm radius, is fixed, in a preferred embodiment variant, for example, a time window can be opened between the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic signal, within which a reflected signal must be detected. Otherwise the object is not within the distance to be detected.
  • three ultrasonic transceivers are arranged on the side of the smoke detector facing away from the ceiling or wall at equidistant intervals, for example at an angular distance of 120 °.
  • each ultrasonic transceiver is assigned a reflector 9, which allows some of the ultrasonic signals emitted by the ultrasonic transceivers to pass away from the ceiling or wall and deflects some to the side. Some of the ultrasonic signals are thus emitted unhindered by the transceivers, while another part of the signals is deflected sideways. With the exception of a shadow cone below the
  • the method according to the invention for operating a smoke detector described above is characterized in that an ultrasonic transceiver is cyclically switched, for example at intervals of one week, to the transmission mode in which it emits ultrasonic signals, then emits an ultrasonic signal and then all ultrasonic transceivers within a predeterminable time window in the receiving mode can be switched in which they can receive ultrasonic signals that are reflected, for example, from obstacles or objects within the monitored room 17 around the smoke detector.
  • this operating method it is provided that after each measurement cycle it is determined whether there has been a change to a predeterminable degree compared to the at least one previous ultrasonic signal measurement result as a reference value, and that when the change is exceeded, the transmission power of the ultrasonic transceiver is increased that the reference value is determined again on the ultrasonic transceivers in the next measurement cycle. If the changes amount to a maximum of 1%, for example, the transmission power of the ultrasonic transceivers is increased to such an extent that the same value is determined on the ultrasonic transceivers as in the previous measurement. The compensation can be carried out until the compensated amount reaches the value that was specified for the maximum acceptable coverage of the smoke detector in relation to smoke detection in accordance with the standards.
  • a further embodiment variant provides that not only the respective previous measurement result is compared with the current measurement result, but also Averaging results from all previous measurements serve as a reference value. With this embodiment variant, changes can also be included that only take place very slowly.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a smoke alarm.
  • a voltage supply 2 and a sound generator 3 are arranged within the housing 1.
  • an electronic measuring system 12, 14 made up of a transmitting or receiving diode etc. inside the housing 1.
  • the lower part 6 of the smoke chamber is mounted on a carrier plate 4.
  • the figure also shows the upper part 7 of the smoke chamber and the insect screen 5 that is usually used to protect against insects.
  • the reference symbol 13 denotes a diaphragm which - as described - prevents direct light entry into the receiving diode 14.
  • the ultrasonic transceivers 8 are components that both transmit ultrasonic signals and can receive ultrasonic signals.
  • Both the outgoing and the reflected incoming ultrasonic radiation are guided by a reflector 9, a reflector 9 being assigned to each ultrasonic transceiver 8.
  • the arrows shown are intended to symbolize that part of the outgoing ultrasonic radiation can be covered or unhindered. is radiated away from the wall, whereas another part is deflected sideways by the reflector 9. The same applies of course when receiving the ultrasonic radiation.
  • FIG 2 shows the top view of the smoke detector Figure 1 , so the smoke detector off Figure 1 seen from above. It can be clearly seen that three ultrasonic transceivers 8 are arranged in the area of the outer edge of the housing cover 1, each with an associated reflector 9. The three ultrasonic transceivers 8 are presently arranged equidistantly at an angular distance of 120 °.
  • FIG 3 illustrates the operation of the smoke detector from the Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the sound waves emitted by the ultrasonic transceivers in the transmission mode propagate into a hemispherical monitoring space 17. It can be clearly seen that the reflectors 9 serve to direct the ultrasonic radiation to the side.
  • the hemispherical space 17 around the smoke alarm is adequately monitored in this way. Only an acoustic shadow and areas 16 close to the ceiling cannot be adequately monitored, but these are not relevant for the monitoring of the room surrounding the smoke detector. If the ultrasound beams now strike an object 11 in the monitored space 17, the ultrasound radiation is partially reflected. These reflected ultrasonic beams are then received by the ultrasonic transceivers 8, which are then in the receiving mode. The signals are evaluated by the measuring electronics.
  • the radius 18 of the hemispherical monitoring area 17 is configurable.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
EP10186854.5A 2009-12-04 2010-10-07 Rauchmelder mit Ultraschall-Abdecküberwachung Active EP2348495B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009047531A DE102009047531A1 (de) 2009-12-04 2009-12-04 Rauchmelder mit Ultraschall-Abdecküberwachung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2348495A1 EP2348495A1 (de) 2011-07-27
EP2348495B1 true EP2348495B1 (de) 2021-04-21

Family

ID=43971960

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10186854.5A Active EP2348495B1 (de) 2009-12-04 2010-10-07 Rauchmelder mit Ultraschall-Abdecküberwachung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2348495B1 (es)
DE (1) DE102009047531A1 (es)
DK (1) DK2348495T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2880823T3 (es)
PT (1) PT2348495T (es)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012201589A1 (de) 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brandmelder mit Mensch-Maschinen-Schnittstelle sowie Verfahren zur Steuerung des Brandmelders
EP2765566A3 (de) * 2013-02-08 2014-11-05 SCHAKO Klima Luft Ferdinand Schad KG Rauchmelder
EP2879104B2 (de) * 2013-11-27 2022-05-11 Siemens Schweiz AG Zusatzeinrichtung für einen als Punktmelder ausgebildeten Gefahrenmelder zur Funktionsüberwachung des Gefahrenmelders, sowie Anordnung und Verwendung einer solchen Einrichtung
DE202014002931U1 (de) 2014-04-04 2014-05-06 Siemens Schweiz Ag Gefahrenmelder mit einer auf einem lichtemittierenden Halbleiter basierenden Projektionseinheit zur Projektion einer benutzerseitigen Information weg vom Gefahrenmelder
DE102015004458B4 (de) 2014-06-26 2016-05-12 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren für einen klassifizierenden, rauchkammerlosen Luftzustandssensor zur Prognostizierung eines folgenden Betriebszustands
DE102014019172B4 (de) 2014-12-17 2023-12-07 Elmos Semiconductor Se Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem
DE102014019773B4 (de) 2014-12-17 2023-12-07 Elmos Semiconductor Se Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons
EP3513395B1 (de) 2016-09-15 2020-05-20 Siemens Schweiz AG Rauchmelder, rauchmeldersystem und verfahren zur überwachung eines rauchmelders
EP3270362B1 (de) 2017-02-07 2019-01-02 Siemens Schweiz AG Brandmelder mit einer messkammer und mit einem schaltungsträger zur gemeinsamen anordnung eines brandsensors der messkammer sowie zumindest eines weiteren sensors zur erfassung einer messgrösse in der umgebung ausserhalb des brandmelders
DE202018003266U1 (de) 2018-07-13 2018-08-22 Siemens Schweiz Ag Überwachungseinrichtung für einen Brandmelder sowie Brandmelder mit einer derartigen Überwachungseinrichtung
EP4350655A3 (en) * 2019-04-02 2024-07-10 E.I. Technology Unlimited Company Ultrasonic obstacle detection in alarm devices
DE102020206577A1 (de) 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Siemens Schweiz Ag Überwachungseinrichtung, insbesondere Umfeldüberwachung, für einen Brandmelder sowie Brandmelder und Zusatzeinrichtung jeweils mit einer derartigen Überwachungseinrichtung
GB2616858A (en) * 2022-03-21 2023-09-27 Fireangel Safety Tech Limited Safety alarm
CN115683967A (zh) * 2022-11-08 2023-02-03 赛特威尔电子股份有限公司 具有障碍物检测功能的报警器

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DE3742743A1 (de) * 1987-12-17 1989-07-06 Wellhausen Heinz Ultraschallortungssystem
JPH0644318B2 (ja) * 1988-11-09 1994-06-08 ニッタン株式会社 検出器
CH680881A5 (es) * 1990-09-05 1992-11-30 Cerberus Ag
DE10046992C1 (de) * 2000-09-22 2002-06-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Streulichtrauchmelder
DE102006023048C5 (de) * 2006-05-17 2014-12-11 Techem Energy Services Gmbh Brandwarnmelder und Verfahren zur Überprüfung dessen Funktionsfähigkeit
US7791475B2 (en) * 2008-03-26 2010-09-07 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method of blockage detection
DE202009015335U1 (de) * 2009-11-09 2010-03-25 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Gefahrenmelder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009047531A1 (de) 2011-06-09
ES2880823T3 (es) 2021-11-25
DK2348495T3 (da) 2021-07-26
EP2348495A1 (de) 2011-07-27
PT2348495T (pt) 2021-07-23

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