EP2347179B1 - Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de la combustion dans une centrale sur la base de la distribution réelle de la concentration et la température d'une substance - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de la combustion dans une centrale sur la base de la distribution réelle de la concentration et la température d'une substance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2347179B1
EP2347179B1 EP09763897.7A EP09763897A EP2347179B1 EP 2347179 B1 EP2347179 B1 EP 2347179B1 EP 09763897 A EP09763897 A EP 09763897A EP 2347179 B1 EP2347179 B1 EP 2347179B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
temperature distribution
measurement
comparison
distribution
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Application number
EP09763897.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2347179A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Meerbeck
Rainer Speh
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium

Definitions

  • a method and apparatus for monitoring the combustion of a power plant based on a real concentration distribution of a substance The invention relates to a method for monitoring the combustion in a combustion chamber of a power plant while measuring a real concentration distribution of a substance or a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for monitoring the combustion in a combustion chamber of a power plant with a device for measuring a real concentration distribution of a substance or a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber.
  • a method and a device according to the prior art is known from WO 99/39137 known. In power plants, it is the fundamental goal to monitor as large as possible in a combustion chamber of the power plant, such as a boiler with a square base of 10 meters by 10 meters, taking place, in order to derive the necessary parameters for the optimization of the combustion process.
  • absorption spectroscopy is known.
  • sonic pyrometry is known. With absorption spectroscopy or sonic pyrometry, only mean values of a line in the boiler room or combustion chamber can be measured.
  • the CAT measuring technique For calculating the temperature and concentration distribution in a plane of a combustion chamber from measured average values at different locations of the combustion chamber of a power plant, the CAT measuring technique, computer aided tomography, is known.
  • a first embodiment of a device according to the invention for monitoring combustion in a combustion chamber of a power plant comprises devices which are designed to measure a real concentration distribution and a real temperature distribution of a substance in two measurement planes of the combustion chamber, the measurement being based on a combination of measurement technology and computer aided Tomography (CAT) technique is based, and at the edge of the two measurement planes are spaced apart from each other measuring instruments that a linear measurement in the associated Enable measurement levels.
  • CAT computer aided Tomography
  • the apparatus includes means for inferring on the type of fuel based on the measured real concentration distribution and on the basis of the measured real Temperature distribution is formed, wherein a comparison is made between a determined with a pattern fuel characteristic concentration distribution of the substance and the measured real concentration distribution and a comparison between a determined with a pattern fuel characteristic temperature distribution and the measured real temperature distribution.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that characteristic distributions, in particular two-dimensional distributions, can be determined for the concentration of at least one substance in the exhaust gas and / or for the temperature in the combustion chamber for known types of fuel, in particular known types of coal.
  • characteristic distributions can be determined for the concentration of at least one substance in the exhaust gas and / or for the temperature in the combustion chamber for known types of fuel, in particular known types of coal.
  • a recognition of the type of fuel and in particular the type of coal is possible.
  • the recognized species may then be used in the control of combustion and, in particular, in the automatic switching of control parameters, e.g. the excess air, advantageously to reduce pollutant emissions and to reduce fuel consumption are taken into account.
  • “substance” generally means any type of combustion product, in particular in the form of gas as a component of the exhaust gas.
  • fuel is understood to mean any type of material which is incinerated in power plants. For the presently particularly relevant coal-fired power plants, these are different types of coal or different types of coal.
  • a comparison with at least one stored characteristic concentration pattern of the substance or a stored characteristic temperature pattern takes place when inferring on the type of fuel.
  • the inference to the type of fuel takes place simultaneously with the measurement. It is therefore not necessarily a sequential approach when measuring concentration / s and the temperature and further inference to the nature of the fuel required, but these steps can also be carried out simultaneously, so that conclusions according to the invention can be generated very quickly and particularly meaningful. Overall, so can be achieved in a simple manner, although only approximate, but very timely detection of the nature of the fuel in a cost-effective, simple and reliable at the same time.
  • Fig. 1 a combustion chamber 10 of a coal power plant, not further illustrated, in which a coal fire burns during operation of the coal power station.
  • the combustion chamber 10 are the fuel coal with associated fuel gases, multiple flames 11 and exhaust gases.
  • two measuring planes 12 and 14 are provided horizontally and parallel to each other, at the Peripheral edge spaced from each other several measuring instruments 16 are located.
  • two of the measuring instruments 16 enable a linear measurement in the associated measuring plane 12 or 14, wherein the concentration of the substances O 2 (oxygen) and CO (carbon monoxide) can be measured with the aid of the measuring instruments 16 and an associated evaluation device 18.
  • the temperature distribution in the associated measuring plane 12 or 14 can be determined with the measuring instruments 16 and the evaluation device 18.
  • the measurement is based on a combination of measurement technology and CAT calculation.
  • the evaluation device 18 is operatively coupled via a data bus 20 with an optimization device 22, an operating device 24 and a guide or control technology 26 such.
  • an optimization device 24 By means of the operating device 24, the real concentration distributions measured by the evaluation device 18 and temperature distributions in the planes 12 and 14 can be used so that the optimization device 22 concludes from this on the type of combustion material currently burned in the combustion chamber 10, in this case on the local type of coal.
  • the type of fuel is determined in order to optimize the burning in the combustion chamber 10 flames 11, in particular with regard to a low emission of NO x (nitrogen oxide).
  • the optimizer 22 uses stored, characteristic patterns of the concentrations of said substances in the exhaust gas and the temperature, which have been determined with reference fuel and stored in the optimizer 22.
  • the real measured distributions of the concentration and the temperature become with these patterns compared and recognized with the comparison of similarities.
  • the associated method is in Fig. 2 illustrated. It comprises the step 28 of measuring the concentration distribution z. As the substances O 2 and CO and the temperature distribution in the plane 12. In step 30, the concentration distribution z. B. the substances O 2 and CO in the plane 14 and the local temperature distribution measured. In step 32, as explained above, the concentration distribution and the temperature distribution in the planes 12 and 14 are evaluated in such a way that the nature of the fuel in the combustion chamber 10 can be deduced.
  • step 34 an optimization of the combustion, for example, by a change in the air stratification and / or a section-wise changing the excess air.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé de contrôle de la combustion dans un espace ( 10 ) de combustion d'une centrale électrique, comprenant les stades :
    - mesure ( 28, 30 ) linéaire d'une répartition réelle de concentration et d'une répartition réelle de température d'une substance dans deux plans ( 12, 14 ) de mesure dans l'espace ( 10 ) de combustion, la mesure reposant sur une combinaison d'une technique de mesure et d'une technique de tomographie assistée par ordinateur ( CAT ),
    - déduction ( 32 ) du type de matière combustible sur la base de la répartition réelle de concentration mesurée et sur la base de la répartition réelle de température mesurée en effectuant une comparaison entre une répartition de concentration caractéristique déterminée avec une matière combustible modèle et la répartition réelle de concentration mesurée et une comparaison entre une répartition de température caractéristique déterminée avec une matière combustible modèle et la répartition de température réelle mesurée.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1,
    dans lequel, lors de la déduction ( 32 ) du type de matière combustible, on effectue une comparaison à au moins un modèle de concentration caractéristique mémorisé de la substance et/ou une comparaison à au moins une répartition de température caractéristique mémorisée.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2,
    dans lequel on effectue la déduction ( 32 ) sur le type de la matière combustible en même temps que les mesures ( 28, 30 ).
  4. Système de contrôle de la combustion de matière combustible dans un espace ( 10 ) de combustion d'une centrale électrique, comprenant
    - des dispositifs ( 16, 18 ), qui sont constituées pour mesurer une répartition réelle de concentration et une répartition réelle de température d'une substance dans deux plans ( 12, 14 ) de mesure de l'espace ( 10 ) de combustion, la mesure reposant sur une combinaison d'une technique de mesure et d'une technique de tomographie assistée par ordinateur ( CAT ) et, au bord des deux plans ( 12, 14 ) de mesure, se trouve à distance l'un de l'autre des instruments ( 16 ) de mesure, qui permettent une mesure linéaire dans les plans ( 12, 14 ) de mesure associés et
    - un dispositif ( 22 ) constitué pour déduire le type de matière combustible sur la base de la répartition de concentration réelle mesurée et sur la base de la répartition réelle de température mesurée en effectuant une comparaison entre une répartition de concentration caractéristique de la substance déterminée avec une matière combustible modèle et la répartition réelle de concentration mesurée et une comparaison entre une répartition de température caractéristique déterminée avec une matière combustible modèle et la répartition de température réelle mesurée.
  5. Système suivant la revendication 4,
    dans lequel le dispositif ( 22 ) est constitué de manière à effectuer, lors de la déduction ( 32 ) du type de matière combustible, une comparaison à au moins un modèle de concentration caractéristique mémorise de la substance et/ou une comparaison à au moins une répartition de température caractéristique mémorisée.
  6. Système suivant la revendication 4 ou 5,
    dans lequel le dispositif ( 22 ) est constitué de manière à effectuer la déduction ( 32 ) du type de la matière combustible en même temps que les mesures ( 28, 30 ).
EP09763897.7A 2008-11-11 2009-11-10 Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de la combustion dans une centrale sur la base de la distribution réelle de la concentration et la température d'une substance Active EP2347179B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008056674A DE102008056674A1 (de) 2008-11-11 2008-11-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen der Verbrennung eines Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer realen Konzentrationsverteilung eines Stoffes
PCT/EP2009/064887 WO2010055025A1 (fr) 2008-11-11 2009-11-10 Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de la combustion dans une centrale sur la base de la distribution réelle de la concentration d'une substance

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2347179A1 EP2347179A1 (fr) 2011-07-27
EP2347179B1 true EP2347179B1 (fr) 2017-08-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09763897.7A Active EP2347179B1 (fr) 2008-11-11 2009-11-10 Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de la combustion dans une centrale sur la base de la distribution réelle de la concentration et la température d'une substance

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110287372A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2347179B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102272523B (fr)
DE (1) DE102008056674A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010055025A1 (fr)

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ITTO20120457A1 (it) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-26 Eltek Spa Dispositivo di controllo per rubinetti di gas
US9448201B2 (en) * 2013-03-29 2016-09-20 Rosemount Analytical, Inc. In situ probe with improved diagnostics and compensation

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US5367470A (en) * 1989-12-14 1994-11-22 Exergetics Systems, Inc. Method for fuel flow determination and improving thermal efficiency in a fossil-fired power plant
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010055025A1 (fr) 2010-05-20
US20110287372A1 (en) 2011-11-24
EP2347179A1 (fr) 2011-07-27
CN102272523A (zh) 2011-12-07
CN102272523B (zh) 2015-11-25
DE102008056674A1 (de) 2010-05-12

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