EP2342789B1 - Moteur a combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage amelioree - Google Patents

Moteur a combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage amelioree Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2342789B1
EP2342789B1 EP09736895A EP09736895A EP2342789B1 EP 2342789 B1 EP2342789 B1 EP 2342789B1 EP 09736895 A EP09736895 A EP 09736895A EP 09736895 A EP09736895 A EP 09736895A EP 2342789 B1 EP2342789 B1 EP 2342789B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
ground electrode
conical
air gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09736895A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2342789A1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Heise
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies Inc
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Delphi Technologies Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Technologies Inc filed Critical Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority to EP09736895A priority Critical patent/EP2342789B1/fr
Publication of EP2342789A1 publication Critical patent/EP2342789A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2342789B1 publication Critical patent/EP2342789B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/50—Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
    • H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to an internal combustion engine having a sparkplug with an improved firing face.
  • the traditional ignition system consists of a sparkplug acting as an electrical feed into a combustion chamber of a gasoline engine, providing concentrated thermal energy release, in the form of a spark, to initiate the combustion.
  • a conventional transformer is used, incorporating electronics to condition and to feed energy from the electrical network in vehicles (Battery, Generator). Typically breaks down voltages are in the range of 30 to 40kV for spark air gaps of 1 mm. The required released thermal energy is a result of the magnetic energy which was stored before this event.
  • Ignition alternatives are intelligently controlled resonance structures with the help of high frequency electromagnetic fields, which allow emitting heat over larger space, constant over time, and at extended time compared to existing ignition systems. These systems require at minimum a resonance structure, a driving generator and electrodes providing the interface to release the heat. It is well known that with the help of resonance structure high voltages can be generated.
  • the electrode design commonly called firing face, is of significant importance for the overall performance and has to be optimized in combination with the typical conical cloud like fuel mixtures of a stratified injection strategy inside the combustion chamber.
  • the electrode configuration of such resonance ignition systems is providing the least interaction with the stratified spray, except of the release of heat under severe conditions.
  • the pressure at which it has to properly ignite the gas mixture may go up to 3MPa at temperatures of approx 400°C.
  • An internal combustion engine having a resonance based ignition system, according to the preamble of claim 1, is known from EP-A-519 408 .
  • the present invention provides an internal combustion engine having a resonance based ignition system comprising a sparkplug with a center electrode and a ground electrode facing the combustion side of the engine, fuel being injected in the combustion chamber of the engine in the form of a conical stratified spray, characterized in that the ground electrode has a tubular shape coaxial with regards to the center electrode delimiting a coaxial air gap and has an end surface of substantially conical shape, and in that the outer air gap between the end surface of the ground electrode and the mantle line of the conical stratified spray has a substantially conical section.
  • the conical shape of the ground electrode lower end prevents hindering the access of the stratified spray to the lower extremity of the spark plug, in order to place the thermal energy "spark" close by the stratified gasoline spray.
  • a resonance based ignition system comprises a resonator 2, a generator 1 and a heat release interface 3.
  • the basic operation is: the generator 1 is feeding its high frequency electromagnetic energy into a resonator 2.
  • the resonator is accumulating this energy and, once the breaks down conditions are met, a plasma is built up at its designed firing face 3.
  • This firing face 3 has to sustain two distinct phases of one single heat release event (spark).
  • the first phase can be characterised by the built up of high voltage at the output of the resonator 2 such that the surrounding gas gets ionised and a second at which the ionised gas is fed continuously by energy from the generator 1.
  • the resonance structure is operated beneficially under ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical purposes) radio bands, which were originally reserved internationally for the use of RF electromagnetic fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes other than communications.
  • ISM International Scientific and Medical purposes
  • Beneficial but not exclusive are the following ISM frequencies: 13,56MHz, 27,12MHz, 40,68MHz.
  • the interface 3 is operated with electromagnetic waves of the ISM frequency.
  • the electrodes of this interface are exposed to the stratified gas mixture.
  • the electrodes represent an additional capacitive firing interface (4) for the resonating structure 5, 6, 7, using lumped electrical elements, as shown in figure 2 .
  • the elements 4, 5, 6, 7 are described as well by a capacitive loaded lossy quarter wavelength transmission line with a termination of an electrical open circuit condition.
  • This electrical open-circuit termination is practically built out of the mechanical geometries of the electrode configuration, called firing face, with the surrounding gas condition as dielectric filler material. Both mechanical geometries and the dielectric filler are representing a capacitance 4 at which the plasma built up takes place.
  • the additional capacitor 4 is variable in its value due to the fact that its dielectric permittivity is changing with the permittivity of the surrounding gas mixture.
  • dielectric permittivity is split into two fractions, one which describes the ability to store electromagnetic energy and a second fraction which describes the ability to conduct it and therefore creating thermal energy losses.
  • a few different mechanisms are explaining this behavior of dielectric materials. In this case we are observing two effects affecting the resonance structure, while a stratified gas mixture approaches the electromagnetic field of the electrode configuration.
  • One fraction of permittivity of the gas mixture increases the capacitance, hence lowering the resonance frequency of the structure (see equation 1).
  • Another fraction of the permittivity is creating an electric dissipative loss path through the affected gas mixture which is in reach of the electrodes.
  • the resonance frequency is : f ⁇ 1 LC
  • An electrode design is superior, if the dynamic change of its capacitance, due to a permittivity changes derived from gas mixtures, has its least impact with regards to the resultant resonance shift. Therefore the capacitance of the electrode design has to be significantly inferior to the capacitance of the entire resonance.
  • An electrode design is superior, if most dielectric loss can be directed into the gas, creating thermal losses (means heat generation) to support the desired ignition function.
  • a new electrode configuration according to the invention is shown in figure 3 . It shows a fraction of the electrical feed through and the electrode configuration relative to the stratified spray.
  • the electrical feed through consists of a conductive center electrode 8 and a coaxial ground electrode 9.
  • the lower end surface 15 of the ground electrode 9 is of conical shape, forming an annular conical outer surface.
  • the coaxial tubular space 14 between both elements 8, 9 is filled preferably with low loss dielectric materials such as a ceramic insulator as in standard spark plugs. It represents a fraction of the capacitance 7.
  • the air gaps 10, 11 consist of two elements.
  • the first element, an inner air gap 10 is a small cavity in the lower portion of the spark plug and represents a capacitance 4 with coaxial geometry.
  • the second element is an outer air gap 11 which results out of the relative position of the stratified mixture 12, here in form of a cone in relation to the ground electrode 9.
  • the outer air gap 11 has a conical, or truncated, shape.
  • the arrows F1, F2 on figure 3 represent the mantle line of a conical shaped fuel spray 12 as typically used in stratified injection regimes.
  • the spray 12 is coming out of the nozzle of an injector.
  • This spray 12 is very wet at its mantle line; inside its cone is air with little gas.
  • the spray 12 has a very high velocity at the very beginning of its injection, due to the fuel pressure, and gets slower after some millimeters of travel inside the combustion chamber.
  • the air gap thickness 13 between the mantle line of the conical stratified spray 12 and the conical coaxial end surface 15 of the ground electrode 9 is increasing outwardly from the spark plug axis along the end surface 15 between two values, preferably between 0mm and 3,5mm.
  • the ground electrode 9 general axis and the conical stratified spray 12 general axis are substantially coplanar.
  • the arrangement of said axes could be different from coplanar provided that the mantle line of the conical stratified spray 12 and the conical coaxial end surface 15 are close by.
  • the capacitance of the coaxial air gap 10 is at least 500 times smaller relative to the capacitance of the resonating structure 7.
  • the coaxial air gap 10 has the following dimensions: 0.5mm ⁇ d ⁇ 1.5mm where "d" is the radial dimension and an axial depth included between 1 mm and 2mm.
  • the conical, or truncated shape, air gap 11 between the mantle line and the conical coaxial end surface 15 of the ground electrode 9 has a minimal air gap thickness 13 of 0mm and a maximal air gap thickness 13 of 3,5mm.
  • the initial plasma formation occurs inside the coaxial air gap 10. It provides a protected niche partially isolated from the turbulences originated by the dynamic gas flow inside the combustion chamber. Because the applied high frequency electromagnetic fields are preferably conducting thru media with high dielectric loss, any fuel droplet and fuel gaseous constituents will be additionally heated which are in reach to these electromagnetic field.
  • This plasma initiation niche allows stabilizing the system behavior in regards of dynamic change of the resonance effect and in addition to take benefit of typical high frequency break down effects that are reducing the break down voltages.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne pourvu d'un système d'allumage à base de résonance, comprenant une bougie avec une électrode centrale (8) et une électrode de terre (9) faisant face au côté de combustion du moteur. Le carburant est injecté dans la chambre de combustion du moteur sous la forme d'un jet stratifié conique (12). Ledit moteur se caractérise en ce que l'électrode de terre (9) présente une forme tubulaire coaxiale par rapport à l'électrode centrale (8) délimitant un entrefer coaxial (10), et qu'elle possède une surface d'extrémité (15) de forme sensiblement conique. Il se caractérise en outre en ce que l'entrefer externe (11) entre la surface d'extrémité (15) de l'électrode de terre (9) et la ligne de manteau (12) du jet stratifié conique (12) présente une section sensiblement conique.

Claims (8)

  1. Moteur à combustion interne ayant un système d'allumage basé sur la résonance, comprenant une bougie d'allumage avec une électrode centrale (8) et une électrode de masse (9) en face du côté combustion du moteur, du carburant étant injecté dans la chambre de combustion du moteur sous la forme d'une pulvérisation conique stratifiée (12), caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de masse (9) a une forme tubulaire coaxiale par rapport à l'électrode centrale (8) en délimitant un intervalle d'air coaxial (10) et a une surface terminale (15) de forme sensiblement conique, et en ce que l'intervalle d'air extérieur (11) entre la surface terminale (15) de l'électrode de masse (9) et la ligne enveloppe (12) de la pulvérisation conique stratifié (12) a une section sensiblement conique.
  2. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'espace sensiblement tubulaire (14) entre l'électrode centrale (8) et l'électrode de masse (9) est rempli avec un matériau diélectrique à faible perte, à l'exception de sa portion terminale où l'intervalle d'air coaxial (10) est délimité.
  3. Moteur à combustion interne selon la revendication 1 2, caractérisé en ce que la capacité de l'intervalle d'air coaxial (10) est au moins 500 fois plus petite par rapport à la capacité de la structure résonante (7) du système d'allumage.
  4. Moteur à combustion interne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle d'air coaxial (10) a une dimension radiale (d) incluse entre 0,5 mm et 1, 5 mm.
  5. Moteur à combustion interne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle d'air conique (11) entre la ligne enveloppe et la surface terminale (15) de l'électrode de masse (9) varie entre 0 mm et 3,5 mm.
  6. Moteur à combustion interne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'angle (a1) entre la ligne enveloppe et la surface terminale (15) de l'électrode de base (9) est sensiblement égal à 30°.
  7. Moteur à combustion interne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'axe général de l'électrode de masse et l'axe général de la pulvérisation conique stratifié sont sensiblement coplanaires.
  8. Moteur à combustion interne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la structure résonante du système d'allumage est amenée à fonctionner sous des fréquences utilisées dans les domaines industriel, scientifique et médical.
EP09736895A 2008-10-13 2009-10-08 Moteur a combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage amelioree Not-in-force EP2342789B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09736895A EP2342789B1 (fr) 2008-10-13 2009-10-08 Moteur a combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage amelioree

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08166511 2008-10-13
PCT/EP2009/063120 WO2010043545A1 (fr) 2008-10-13 2009-10-08 Moteur à combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage améliorée
EP09736895A EP2342789B1 (fr) 2008-10-13 2009-10-08 Moteur a combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage amelioree

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2342789A1 EP2342789A1 (fr) 2011-07-13
EP2342789B1 true EP2342789B1 (fr) 2012-08-15

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EP09736895A Not-in-force EP2342789B1 (fr) 2008-10-13 2009-10-08 Moteur a combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage amelioree

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WO (1) WO2010043545A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6086445B2 (ja) * 2011-09-11 2017-03-01 イマジニアリング株式会社 アンテナ構造体、高周波放射用プラグ及び内燃機関

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1521313A (en) * 1975-09-09 1978-08-16 Lindsay M Hybrid gap spark plug
FR2859830B1 (fr) * 2003-09-12 2014-02-21 Renault Sas Bougie de generation de plasma a inductance integree.

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WO2010043545A1 (fr) 2010-04-22
EP2342789A1 (fr) 2011-07-13

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