EP2341985A1 - Formulations dentaires destinées à la prévention de l'érosion dentaire - Google Patents

Formulations dentaires destinées à la prévention de l'érosion dentaire

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Publication number
EP2341985A1
EP2341985A1 EP09806428A EP09806428A EP2341985A1 EP 2341985 A1 EP2341985 A1 EP 2341985A1 EP 09806428 A EP09806428 A EP 09806428A EP 09806428 A EP09806428 A EP 09806428A EP 2341985 A1 EP2341985 A1 EP 2341985A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
care product
dental care
dental
enamel
fluoride
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09806428A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Allan Bardow Jensen
Maja Bruvo Lazovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bardow Consult v/Allan Bardow
Psykologerne Pa Torvet V/patricia Binggeli
Original Assignee
Bardow Consult v/Allan Bardow
Psykologerne Pa Torvet V/patricia Binggeli
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bardow Consult v/Allan Bardow, Psykologerne Pa Torvet V/patricia Binggeli filed Critical Bardow Consult v/Allan Bardow
Publication of EP2341985A1 publication Critical patent/EP2341985A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
    • A61K38/47—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2), e.g. cellulases, lactases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the provision of a dental care product for preventing and/or inhibiting dental erosion in a mammalian subject that typically arises as a result of repeated exposure of tooth surfaces to acids, which may originate from food, drinks, or gastric juice.
  • Dental erosion is chemical wear of teeth without involvement of bacteria (Eccles, 1979). This condition can cause a progressive loss of dental hard tissue (enamel or dentine) and is often characterised by being evenly distributed over the whole surface of the involved teeth.
  • Dental erosion develops after repeated exposure of tooth surfaces to acids, which may originate from food, drinks, or gastric juice.
  • dental caries is caused by acid producing bacterial deposits on poorly cleaned areas on tooth surfaces. Therefore dental caries result in much more localised loss of enamel or dentine that may develop into cavities and tooth decay, which need dental treatment in the form of fillings or crowns.
  • Soft drink consumption seems to be the most common source of acid for dental erosion (Jensdottir et al., 2004).
  • tooth brushing will not prevent dental erosion.
  • tooth brushing may accelerate dental erosion if performed shortly after intake of acidic foodstuffs (Attin et al., 2001 ).
  • acidic foodstuffs Attin et al., 2001 .
  • the combination of mechanical forces from toothbrushing working together with the chemical weakening of the tooth surface caused by acidic foodstuffs strongly accelerates the loss of tooth substance and results in increased dental wear compared to either of the two processes alone.
  • If toothbrushing is performed before the intake of acidic foodstuffs it may also influence the development of dental erosion.
  • In vivo tooth surfaces that are not brushed will normally become covered in a layer of bacteria also known as dental plaque, which may act as protection against acid from foodstuffs.
  • toothpaste often contains detergents, which may expose or prime the inorganic components of the teeth to acid demineralisation (Rykke et al., 1990). Accordingly, toothbrushing makes teeth become more susceptible to acids from foodstuffs and soft drinks.
  • EP1568356A1 describes the use of colostrum protein in a dental care product to prevent dental erosion.
  • WO2006/016803 describes the use of a functional milk fraction in a dental care product to prevent dental erosion where the protective activity is attributed to a low molecular weight nitrogen fraction of milk or whey, being neither lactose nor the mineral fraction.
  • WO2005/110347 describes the use of hydrofluoric acid at concentrations of 0.05-2.00% at a pH of 2.5-4.5 in a dental care product to prevent dental erosion.
  • the long-term effects and the clinical significance of adding such erosion-preventing substances to dentifrice are, however, still largely unknown.
  • the claimed the invention relates to the use of a starch-degrading enzyme of E. C. 3.2.1.1 for the manufacture of a dental care product for preventing and/or inhibiting dental erosion, wherein said product comprises less than 1 % ionic surfactant by weight.
  • the product is substantially free of endoprotease and optionally is also substantially free of lipase.
  • the dental care product is a toothpaste, tooth gel, tooth powder, denture cleaning agent, mouthwash, lozenge or chewing gum.
  • the dental care product is dental floss or a toothpick.
  • starch- hydrolyzing enzyme is alpha-amylase ( ⁇ -amylase) of bacterial or fungal origin.
  • the starch-hydrolyzing enzyme comprises from 0.1 % to 20% weight by weight of the dental care product.
  • the dental care product further comprises one or more of an abrasive polishing material, whitening agent, flavoring agent, humectant, binder, thickener, and/or sweetener.
  • the dental care product further comprises one or more fluoride-ion releasing agent that is an inorganic fluoride salt selected from a soluble alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal salt.
  • the dental care product further comprises one or more fluoride-ion releasing agent in an amount sufficient to release 300 to 2,000 ppm of fluoride ions by weight of the dental care product.
  • the dental care product further comprises zinc ions in an amount in the range of 0.0025 - 0.15 % by weight of the dental care product
  • the dental care product further comprises a non-ionic surfactant in an amount not exceeding 15% by weight of the dental care product.
  • the claimed invention further relates to a dental care product for preventing and/or inhibiting dental erosion comprising a starch-degrading enzyme of E. C. 3.2.1.1 , wherein said product comprises less than 1 % ionic surfactant by weight.
  • a dental care product for preventing and/or inhibiting dental erosion comprising a starch-degrading enzyme of E. C. 3.2.1.1 , wherein said product comprises less than 1 % ionic surfactant by weight.
  • the product is substantially free of endoprotease and optionally is also substantially free of lipase.
  • said dental care product is a toothpaste, tooth gel, tooth powder, denture cleaning agent mouthwash, lozenge or chewing gum.
  • said dental care product is dental floss or a toothpick.
  • the starch- hydrolyzing enzyme is alpha-amylase of bacterial or fungal origin.
  • the claimed invention further relates a method of preventing and/or inhibiting dental erosion in a mammalian subject, comprising the steps of: (a) contacting the dental care product of the invention with the teeth and/or gums of the subject for between about 30 seconds to 15 minutes; wherein said contact is combined with brushing, chewing and/or rinsing.
  • Figure 1 Changes in surface microhardness values (SMH) of sound and healthy polished bovine enamel blocks (1 cm 2 ) after 30 minutes of exposure to 50 ml_ of Type I water containing the anionic detergent SLS at concentrations ranging between 1 and 5 percent (w/v).
  • Figure 2. Protective effect against acid-induced enamel softening of pellicles developed from solutions of 0.5% w/v human whole saliva proteins (saliva) on bovine enamel.
  • the present invention seeks to prevent or inhibit the process of dental erosion and thereby preserve dental hard tissue in the oral cavity of a subject.
  • the human salivary ⁇ -amylase when incorporated into a dental pellicle on an enamel surface, is able to protect the enamel against demineralisation during an acid exposure.
  • bovine enamel that was coated with parotid saliva having a high ⁇ -amylase concentration was able to maintain its surface microhardness better than enamel that was coated with saliva samples having a lower amylase concentration.
  • ⁇ -amylase was the only protein whose abundance could be directly related to the protective effect of the samples against an acid exposure. Therefore ⁇ - amylase in a dental care product can be used for prevention and/or inhibition of the process of dental erosion.
  • industrially produced ⁇ -amylases of bacterial, as well as fungal origin posses the same ability to coat and protect enamel surfaces against the demineralisation that occurs during an acid exposure. Therefore, a toothpaste containing ⁇ -amylase can protect the teeth better than regular toothpaste without amylase (Figure 5).
  • amylase when provided in a dental composition, binds to the surface of teeth contributing to the creation and maintenance of a protective protein layer on their surfaces. In this manner the natural protein layer on the surface of teeth, i.e. the pellicle, is restored and preserved.
  • Amylase in the dental care product of the invention, not only contributes to the preservation of the pellicle, but also catalyses the degradation of starch in food debris present in the oral cavity and deposited on the tooth surface.
  • a dental care product comprising amylase, acts together with salivary amylases as a natural detergent in the oral cavity, by selectively degrading starch while leaving the protective protein layer intact on the surface of the teeth after dental care e.g. brushing.
  • the dental care products of the invention largely eliminate the need for strong anionic detergents (e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate; SLS), in toothpaste, which are otherwise employed to clean teeth and the oral cavity.
  • strong anionic detergents serve to strip off food debris.
  • strong anionic detergents have the capacity to make the enamel surface vulnerable to acid erosion by interfering with the formation of the protective pellicle and thereby increasing the vulnerability of the tooth surface following tooth brushing.
  • ionic detergents particularly anionic detergents
  • the dental care products of the invention serves to avoid or greatly minimise binding of calcium ions and the loss and inhibition of renewal of the protein protective layer, and thereby protects teeth from the erosive effects of acid exposure.
  • Enzymes such as endoproteases and/or lipases, which may interfere with the formation of the protective pellicle, by degrading proteins and/or lipoproteins in this protective layer, are preferably to be avoided.
  • the invention serves to provide the tooth surface after tooth brushing with a protein layer protection comparable to the protection it had before tooth brushing.
  • dental erosion is the process whereby dental hard tissue (i.e. enamel and dentine) is eroded by acids that are not produced by bacteria in the dental plaque.
  • Dental erosion can be specifically measured by clinical examination of teeth, comparison of plaster or acrylic dental casts of the same teeth made at different time points, profilometric scanning of tooth surfaces, microradiography, and loss of minerals from tooth surfaces exposed to eroding fluids.
  • the erosive potential or effect of different fluids can also be determined indirectly as changes in surface microhardness of enamel or dentine by the Knoop or Vickers microhardness tests [Hannig et al., 2004].
  • dental caries is the process whereby dental hard tissue (i.e. enamel and dentine) is demineralised, and eventually decayed due to caries lesion formation, by acids that are produced by bacteria in the dental plaque.
  • Dental caries can be specifically measured by visual examination of teeth including air-drying and probing, by x-ray examination, by microradiography, by colorimetric methods that include colouring of decayed dentine, by various photometric methods including quantitative fluorescence (QLF) and polarised light, and by electrical methods (electrical caries measurement - ECM).
  • dental erosion leads to loss of dental hard tissue over large areas of the surfaces of teeth due to acid induced erosion; while dental caries is characterised by a localised loss of dental hard tissue from a tooth due to bacterial induced demineralisation detectable as localised pits or cavities in the tooth surface.
  • the invention provides a dental care composition that comprises at least one starch-hydrolysing enzyme in an amount sufficient to prevent dental erosion, but comprises less than 1 wt.% (more preferably between 0 and 0.5 wt.%) ionic detergents.
  • the product is substantially free of ionic detergents and the enzymes: (endo)proteases and/or lipases.
  • the dental composition and the dental care product may contain fluoride and antimicrobial agents for prevention of demineralisation, enhancement of remineralisation and to control bacterial growth.
  • starch-hydrolysing enzyme in the context of the present application refers to the enzyme, ⁇ -amylase (E. C. 3.2.1.1 ), which functions to hydrolyse linkages in starch.
  • the ⁇ -amylase may be a bacterial ⁇ - amylase, such as BANTM or MaltogenaseTM (both available from Novo Nordisk), or an ⁇ -amylase derived from Bacillus subtilis; an ⁇ -amylase derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; an ⁇ -amylase derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus; an ⁇ -amylase derived from Aspergillus oryzae; or an ⁇ -amylase derived from a non-pathogenic microorganism.
  • the ⁇ -amylase may also be a fungal ⁇ -amylase, such as FungamylTM, which is available from Novo Nordisk.
  • ionic surfactant or "ionic detergent” in the context of the present application comprise both: An ionic-detergents or anionic-surfactants (including soap and the largest portion of modern synthetic detergents), which produce electrically negative colloidal ions in solution; and cationic- detergents or cationic-detergents, containing a long-chain cation, which produce electrically positive ions in solution.
  • protease enzyme that attacks and cleaves internal peptide bonds of a protein (e.g. trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, papain, elastase).
  • lipase in the context of the present application means: a water- soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in water- insoluble, lipid substrates, and for example act to convert triglyceride substrates found in oils from food to monoglycerides and free fatty acids.
  • the invention further provides a "dental care product” comprising the dental care composition of the invention.
  • a "dental care product” is defined as a product, which can be used for preventing or inhibiting dental erosion, which also serves to maintain and/or improve oral hygiene in the mouth of a human and animal subject, and/or preventing or inhibiting dental caries.
  • the amount of starch-hydrolysing enzyme in the dental composition depends on the "dental care product" to be prepared.
  • a dental composition and the dental care product will contain said enzyme in an amount that lies within the range of from 0.0001 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably from 0.1 wt.% to 5 wt.%, more preferably from 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%
  • both the dental composition and the dental care product comprise less than 1 % (more preferably between 0 and 0.5%) ionic detergents, and are preferably substantially free of (endo)proteases and/or lipases.
  • dental care products of the invention include a toothpaste, dental cream, gel or tooth powder, odontic, mouthwash, denture-cleaning agent, pre- or post-brushing rinse formulation, chewing gum and lozenge.
  • a dental care product may also be in the form of a dental floss or toothpick.
  • further components of the product typically include one or more of an abrasive or polishing material, whitening agent, antibacterial protein, foaming agent, flavouring agent, humectant, binder, thickener, sweetener, neutralising agent, herbal extracts or the like, remineralising compounds, and water.
  • further components typically comprise one or more of a water/alcohol solution, a flavouring agent, humectant, sweetener, foaming agent, herbal extracts or the like, remineralising compounds, and colorant.
  • the product may be prepared by incorporating one or more starch-hydrolysing enzyme into a conventional chewing gum base, e.g. jelutone, rubber lates, vinylite resins preferably in combination with conventional plasticisers or softeners, natural and/or artificial sweeteners, flavourings, etc. as desired.
  • a conventional chewing gum base e.g. jelutone, rubber lates, vinylite resins preferably in combination with conventional plasticisers or softeners, natural and/or artificial sweeteners, flavourings, etc.
  • Preparation of the chewing gum may involve stirring any of the components of the chewing gum formulation into a warm gum base, or coating the outer surface of the gum base.
  • the temperature of the gum base should preferably not exceed 60° C, more preferably not exceed 50° C.
  • Toothpaste of the invention may be substantially solid or pasty and comprise one or more of an abrasive or polishing material such as: alumina and hydrates thereof, such as alpha alumina trihydrate; magnesium trisilicate, magnesium carbonate; sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda"); kaolin; aluminosilicates, such as calcined aluminium silicate and aluminium silicate; calcium carbonate; zirconium silicate; silica xerogels, hydrogels and aerogels and the like.
  • an abrasive or polishing material such as: alumina and hydrates thereof, such as alpha alumina trihydrate; magnesium trisilicate, magnesium carbonate; sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda”); kaolin; aluminosilicates, such as calcined aluminium silicate and aluminium silicate; calcium carbonate; zirconium silicate; silica xerogels, hydrogels and aerogels and the like.
  • polishing materials include silica gel or colloidal silica having particle sizes between 1 and 20 microns, preferably between 1 and 10 microns.
  • Additional polishing agents may include powdered synthetic plastic materials such as polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polymethyl methacrylate, epoxy resins, powdered polyethylene, polystyrene, phenol-formaldehyde resins, aminoplasts such as urea- or melamine-formaldehyde-condensates (having a particle size of between about 0.5 and about 40 microns, preferably between about 1 and about 20 microns). Additional polishing agents may also include bioactive glass such as NovaMin® that could add to the erosion protecting effects of the toothpaste.
  • powdered synthetic plastic materials such as polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polymethyl methacrylate, epoxy resins, powdered polyethylene, polystyrene, phenol-formaldehyde resins, aminoplasts such as urea- or melamine-formaldehyde-condensates (having a particle size of between about 0.5
  • the abrasive material content typically lies in the range from 10% to 75% by weight when the final dental product is toothpaste; and from 70% to 99% by weight, when it is a tooth powder.
  • the liquid vehicle may comprise water and a humectant, which is employed to prevent loss of water.
  • Suitable humectants for use in a dental care product according to the invention include one or more of: glycerol, polyol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycols (PEG), propylene glycol, 1 ,3- propanediol, 1 ,4-butane-diol, and hydrogenated partially hydrolysed polysaccharides.
  • Humectants are in general present in an amount of from 0% to 80%, preferably 5 to 70% by weight in toothpaste.
  • suitable thickeners and binders which help stabilize the dental care product are silica, starch, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, extracts of Irish moss, alginates, pectin, cellulose derivatives, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxy- propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy-butyl methyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid and its salts, and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone.
  • Thickeners may be present in toothpastes and gels in an amount of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, and binders in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the final product.
  • Suitable sweeteners for use in dental care products of the invention include lactose, maltose, sorbitol, xylitol, sodium cyclamate, perillartine, APM (aspartyl phenyl alanine methylester) saccharin and/or other sweeteners.
  • Suitable flavouring agents for use in dental care products of the invention are oils, including oil of spearmint, peppermint, wintergreen, sassafras, clove, sage, eucalyptus, majoram, cinnamon, lemon and orange. These sweeteners and flavouring agents may together comprise from 0.01 % to about 5% by weight, especially from 0.1 % to 5% of a dental care product.
  • Suitable foaming agents for use in dental care products of the invention are limited to surfactants (detergents) that do not significantly solubilise the protein protective layer of the teeth, and also do not exert any adverse effect on the activity of the starch-degrading enzyme in the dental composition.
  • suitable surfactants are limited to non-ionic surfactants, including fatty alcohol sulphates, salts of sulphonated monoglycerides or fatty acids having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid-albumin condensation products, salts of fatty acids amides and taurines and/or salts of fatty acid esters of isethionic acid.
  • the amount of the non-ionic surfactant should not exceed from 15% by weight, more preferably 5% by weight, of the final dental care product.
  • Suitable neutralizing agents used to maintain a pH in the range of 4.5 to 10, preferably in the range of 5.5 to 8 in the dental care product of the invention, include sodium bicarbonate, citrate, benzoate, carbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, or sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • Water is usually added to a dental care product in an amount giving e.g. a toothpaste in a flow-able form, i.e. an amount of from 40% to 70% by weight of the final product.
  • the dental care product of the invention may further include the addition of anti-calculus agents such as pyrophosphates and phosphonates; anti- plaque agents such as triclosan, chlorhexidine, bromochlorophene and sanquinarine; antibacterial proteins such as lanthibiotics (e.g. nisin); teeth de-sensitizing agents such as strontium salts and/or potassium nitrate or citrate; wound-healing agents such as allantoin, chlorophyll, tocopherol.
  • anti-calculus agents such as pyrophosphates and phosphonates
  • anti- plaque agents such as triclosan, chlorhexidine, bromochlorophene and sanquinarine
  • antibacterial proteins such as lanthibiotics (e.g. nisin)
  • teeth de-sensitizing agents such as strontium salts and/or potassium nitrate or citrate
  • wound-healing agents such as allanto
  • water-soluble anti-bacterial agents may also be included in the dental care product, such as chlorhexidine digluconate, hexetidine, alexidine, quaternary ammonium anti-bacterial compounds; and water- soluble sources of certain metal ions such as zinc, copper, silver and stannous ions (e.g. zinc, copper and stannous chloride, and silver nitrate).
  • water-soluble anti-bacterial agents such as chlorhexidine digluconate, hexetidine, alexidine, quaternary ammonium anti-bacterial compounds; and water- soluble sources of certain metal ions such as zinc, copper, silver and stannous ions (e.g. zinc, copper and stannous chloride, and silver nitrate).
  • the presence of one or more fluoride ion-producing agent in the dental care product is particularly preferred as anti-caries agents.
  • Suitable compounds yielding fluoride ions are inorganic fluoride salts, such as soluble alkali metal and alkaline earth metals salt
  • the amount of fluoride ion-providing compounds in the dental care product is dependent upon the type of compound, its solubility, and the type of dental care product, but generally the amount lies from 0.005 to 3.0 wt.% in the final product, said amount releasing up to about 5,000 ppm fluoride ions by weight of the dental care product.
  • the amount of fluoride ion-providing compound is sufficient to release about 300 to 2,000 ppm, more preferably 800 to 1 ,500 ppm of fluoride ions.
  • alkali metal fluorides in an amount of up to 2 wt.%, more preferably between 0.05-1 wt.% in the dental care product; and in the case of sodium mono-fluorophosphate in an amount of 0.1-3 wt.%.
  • the fluoride ion-providing compound is typically present in an amount sufficient to release about 500 ppm, preferably 25 to 300 ppm by weight of fluoride ions, corresponding to about 0.005 to 1.0 wt.% of such compound in the dental care product. Determination of fluoride levels in the oral hygiene product, as well as the resulting increase in salivary fluoride levels, can be determined with fluoride sensitive electrodes as described by Bruun et al. (1984).
  • the dental care product of the invention may contain zinc ions, generally in the form of a salt.
  • Orally-acceptable anions with which zinc ions form a salt include: fluoride, fluorosilicate, monofluorophosphate, chloride, citrate, gluconate, thiocyanate, sulphate, acetate.
  • the amount of zinc ions as Zn in a dental care product of the invention is in the range of 0.0025 - 0.15 wt.%, preferably from 0.01 to 0.1 wt.%, more preferably from 0.025 to 0.05 wt.%.
  • the corresponding weight % of the zinc salt will be greater determined by the molecular weight of the anion in the salt.
  • the toothpaste may also contain various natural organic and inorganic ingredients from plants, herbs and salts that may have possible beneficial effects in the oral environment, mostly anti-bacterial. These may include herbs and herbal extracts such as Aloe Vera, various sorts of tea products including Green Tea, liquorice and extracts of liquorice, cocoa and extracts of cocoa, Iceland moss, and similar ingredients. In formulations low in fluoride the toothpaste may also contain various compounds with remineralising effects adding to the erosion protecting effect of the toothpaste. Such compounds may include amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), casein phosphopeptide (CCP), arginine- bicarbonate/calcium-carbonate complexes (SensiStat®), bioactive glass (NovaMin®), and nano-hydroxyapatite.
  • the remineralising content typically lies in the range from 0 to 10% by weight when the final dental product is toothpaste; preferably from 0 to 5% by weight.
  • a toothpaste produced from an dental care composition of the invention may e.g. comprise the following ingredients (in weight % of the final toothpaste composition):
  • composition 10% to 70% abrasive material; 0 to 80% humectant; 0.1 % to 20% thickener; 0.01 % to 10% binder; 0.1 % to 5% sweetener; 0 to 15% foaming agent (non-ionic surfactant); 0.0001 % to 20% starch-degrading enzyme(s); 0 to 5% herbal extract(s) or other natural compounds with anti-bacterial effects, 0 to 1 % peroxide, and 0 to 5% remineralising compounds, wherein the product comprises less than 1 % ionic surfactant(s) (detergent) (preferably between 0 and 0.5%) and is substantially free of both (endo)protease(s) and lipase(s).
  • the composition may be brought to 100% by the addition of water.
  • a mouthwash produced from an dental care composition of the invention may e.g. comprise the following ingredients (in weight % of the final mouthwash):
  • the mouthwash comprises less than 1 % (more preferably between 0 and 0.5%) ionic surfactant(s) (detergent), and is substantially free of both (endo)protease(s) and lipase(s).
  • the mouthwash may be buffered with an appropriate buffer, e.g. sodium citrate or phosphate in the pH-range 6-7.5, and may be brought to 100% by the addition of water.
  • the mouthwash may be in non-diluted form (i.e. to be diluted before use) or in diluted (ready-to-use) form.
  • the dental care compositions and products of the present invention can be made using methods, which are common in the oral product field.
  • the invention further relates to the use of one or more starch-hydrolysing enzymes as described above for the preparation of a composition for the prevention/inhibition of dental erosion.
  • a dental care product in solid to flow-able form such as toothpaste, when used for oral cavity treatment, will typically be contacted with the teeth and/or gums using a toothbrush or the like; while a chewing gum or lozenge will be brought in contact with teeth and/or gums by chewing.
  • a dental care product such as a mouthwash
  • the contact will typically take place by rinsing the mouth.
  • the time period during which a dental care product according to the invention is contacted with the teeth and/or gums to obtain the desired effect of preventing/inhibiting dental erosion can vary according to such factors as the nature of the composition or product and the need of the subject. However, contacting the dental care product with the teeth and/or gums for between about 30 seconds to 15 minutes will normally be sufficient for obtaining the desired result, e.g. contact by brushing the teeth or rinsing the mouth for a period of about 1 -3 minutes at a time. This is preferably performed on a regular basis, e.g. 1 -3 times a day.
  • the dental care product is typically removed from the mouth, e.g. by spitting it out, and the mouth may subsequently be rinsed with a liquid such as tap water.
  • the source of tooth enamel for all experiments described below was from bovine incisors (obtained from mandibles of 36 months old cattle collected at a slaughterhouse). The teeth were extracted from the mandible using standard dental equipment and the teeth were cleaned free of organic debris with a toothbrush in tap water. Crowns were divided from their roots and sectioned in buccal and lingual blocks using a water-cooled saw.
  • the enamel blocks After being approved for inclusion in the study the enamel blocks they were kept moist at all times, and stored in a fluid, which was saturated with respect to hydroxyapatite (0.4 mM aqueous calcium hydrogen phosphate solution adjusted to pH 6.0 or the clarified supernatant of Type I water exposed to hydroxyapatite crystals in excess for 1 month) in order to avoid demineralisation or re- mineralisation.
  • hydroxyapatite 0.4 mM aqueous calcium hydrogen phosphate solution adjusted to pH 6.0 or the clarified supernatant of Type I water exposed to hydroxyapatite crystals in excess for 1 month
  • Each enamel block was stored in a small amount of this fluid ( ⁇ 1 ml_) in a glass container at around 5 0 C to maintain a moist environment around the enamel until used.
  • bovine tissue has comparable demineralisation and re- mineralisation characteristics (Featherstone and Mellburg, 1981 ).
  • the advantage of bovine enamel is that it can be obtained in large quantities from animals that have lived under relatively similar conditions.
  • permanent bovine incisors from cattle that are about 36 months old could be obtained from slaughterhouses for the experiments.
  • Microhardness of the enamel surface of a tooth provides a quantitative measure of the hardness of the enamel surface, and changes in hardness are directly correlated with the process and amount of dental erosion.
  • SMH enamel surface microhardness
  • Human parotid saliva proteins were derived from human parotid saliva, which was collected directly, from both parotid glands simultaneously, from subjects by taste stimulation with a continuous flow of orange juice at the dorsum of the tongue (around 15 ml/min) to stimulate saliva production. Following collection, the saliva was dialysed with a membrane having a molecular weight cut off of 1 kDa to obtain a protein enriched fraction, which was lyophilised, and dissolved in Type I water at a concentration of 0.5% w/v.
  • Human whole saliva proteins were derived from whole saliva obtained from more than 100 young and healthy subjects stimulated by paraffin chewing, and the protein fraction was dialysed in a similar manner as the parotid saliva, where the lyophilised protein fraction was dissolved in Type I water at a concentration of 0.5% w/v.
  • Bovine colostrum protein was derived from raw milk obtained from cows within 12 hours of having calved. Excess fat was removed from the colostrum by ether extraction, whereafter the de-fatted colostrum was dialysed, lyophilised and dissolved in Type I water at a concentration of 0.5% w/v.
  • Each of the above protein preparations was dissolved (saliva proteins and colostrum) or diluted (industrially-produced amylases) in Type I water at a concentration of 0.5% w/v and used directly for coating enamel to form a pellicle in the following examples.
  • the effect of drinking acidic soft drinks on dental enamel was simulated by exposing the enamel surface to an excess amount of an eroding fluid for a period of four minutes at room temperature.
  • the eroding fluid with a volume of 2 litres contained 2% tartaric acid buffered to pH of 2.3 with 5 mmol/L calcium hydrogen phosphate.
  • This fluid is employed to simulate a highly acidic soft drink as for example Coca Cola.
  • the addition of calcium hydrogen phosphate was to promote softening of the enamel rather than direct erosion (surface loss), where the latter is not measurable as changes in surface microhardness.
  • the enamel blocks were kept in HAp-saturated Type I water until SMH determinations were carried out at 3 locations on the surface of each enamel block within no more than 30 min.
  • enamel blocks were placed in 10 ml_ test tubes and coated with 3 ml_ of Type I water containing 0.5% (w/v) of the proteins.
  • the test tubes were mounted on a shaker so that the enamel was submersed in the protein solution for 15 seconds and then removed from the solution for another 15 seconds while within the test tubes.
  • This setup was chosen, instead of simple immersion into the protein solutions, in order to simulate the cyclic flow of fluids in the oral cavity.
  • Example 1 The effect of an anionic detergent on dental erosion
  • the experiment was performed to test the effect of exposure to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), at concentrations ranging between 1 and 5 percent (w/v) SLS, on the Surface MicroHardness [SMH] of dental enamel surfaces.
  • SLS sodium lauryl sulphate
  • SMH Surface MicroHardness
  • SLS surface microhardness
  • Example 2 The effect of an anionic detergent on the protective capacity of salivary pellicles against acid-induced enamel softening of bovine enamel surfaces.
  • the sample was divided into four groups, and subjected to a pre-treatment of either: water only; coating with human whole saliva proteins alone; immersion in 3 ml of 2 percent (w/v) SLS in Type 1 water for 10 minutes followed by coating with human whole saliva proteins; or coating with human whole saliva proteins followed by immersion in 3 ml of 2 percent (w/v) SLS in Type 1 water.
  • Coating with saliva proteins, comprising a 0.5% solution of human whole saliva proteins (w/v) for 30 minutes was performed as described above [section 1.5], which creates a protective layer of saliva proteins (or pellicle) on the surface of the enamel.
  • the pre-treated samples were then immediately subjected to exposure to acid solution [2% tartaric acid buffered to pH of 2.3 with 5 mmol/L calcium hydrogen phosphate] for 4 minutes as described above [section 1.3].
  • the SMH of the treated enamel surfaces of each of the 4 samples was measured again, as described above.
  • the mean SMH of the freshly polished enamel was 331 kp/mm 2
  • the SMH of enamel pre-treated with water and then exposed to acid was 140 kp/mm 2 , giving a loss of SMH for uncoated enamel of 193 kp/mm 2 .
  • the protective effect of the different pre-treaments on the enamel blocks following exposure to acid was calculated with respect to the loss in SMH measured for the enamel pretreated with water.
  • a drop in SMH of 193 kp/mm 2 was set to equal 0% protection
  • no drop in SMH was set to equal 100% protection.
  • the protective effect of pellicles formed from coating with whole saliva proteins was 27 ⁇ 5% (Saliva only).
  • the capacity of pellicles to protect bovine enamel against acid exposure was reduced when the enamel surface had been treated with a 2% SLS solution prior to pellicle formation with human salivary proteins as compared to untreated enamel surfaces having pellicles (p ⁇ 0.05) giving rise to a reduced protective effect of 23 ⁇ 6%. It is thought, that binding of SLS to the hydroxyapatite hydration shells in the enamel causes a change in the surface net-charge towards neutral, and thereby alters the initial development of the pellicle causing less protein to be absorbed on the enamel, resulting in reduced protection against acid.
  • Figure 2 shows that if enamel, coated with a pellicle of human salivary proteins, is subsequently exposed to SLS, this significantly reduces the protective effect of the pellicle towards acid treatment (p ⁇ 0.01 ) giving rise to a further reduced protective effect of 21 ⁇ 5%. Accordingly, anionic detergents like SLS may interact negatively with the formation of the protective pellicle from salivary proteins on the enamel surfaces and reduce the protective effect of already formed pellicles.
  • Example 3 The effect of ⁇ -amylase levels in human parotid saliva on its protective capacity as a pellicle against acid-induced enamel softening of saliva-coated bovine enamel surfaces.
  • Saliva is a complex protein solution normally found in the oral cavity, which contains ⁇ -amylase. Healthy individuals were selected as a source of parotid saliva, which comprises a mixture of human parotid saliva proteins. Parotid saliva was collected directly, from both parotid glands simultaneously, from each of twenty subjects in total including thirteen males (23 ⁇ 1 yr) and seven females (22 ⁇ 1 yr) by taste stimulation with a continuous flow of orange juice at the dorsum of the tongue (around 15 ml/min) to produce as much saliva as possible.
  • the saliva was dialysed with a membrane having a molecular weight cut off of 1 kDa to obtain a protein enriched fraction, which was lyophilised, and dissolved in Type I water at fixed concentration of 0.5% w/v for all twenty samples. All other techniques including preparation of enamel blocks, determination of enamel surface microhardness, and determination of protective effects were performed as described in Example 2. After the protective effect (% protection) of each parotid saliva sample was determined, the total protein composition in the saliva from each of the twenty individuals was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Low molecular weight proteins were separated using a BDS C18 HPLC column, after precipitation and removal of amylase and mucin with phosphoric acid, and detected at 214 and 280 nm.
  • HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
  • bovine enamel that was coated with parotid saliva having a high ⁇ - amylase concentration was able to maintain its surface microhardness better than enamel that was coated with saliva samples having a lower ⁇ - amylase concentration. Accordingly, ⁇ -amylase has the capacity to coat and protect enamel surfaces when present in a multicomponent system like saliva.
  • Example 4 A comparison of the protective capacity of pellicles formed from different amylase preparations against acid-induced enamel softening of bovine enamel surfaces
  • the industrially-produced amylases BAN, Fungamyl, Liquozyme, and Termamyl were obtained from NOVOZYMES.
  • the protective effect of these amylase preparations was compared with that of human whole saliva proteins, human parotid saliva proteins and bovine colostrum proteins.
  • Human parotid saliva proteins were obtained and tested as described in Example 3 and human whole saliva proteins as described in Example 2.
  • Bovine colostrum proteins were derived from raw milk obtained from cows within 12 hours of having calved. Excess fat was removed from the colostrum by ether extraction, where after the de-fatted colostrum was dialysed and lyophilised.
  • Figure 4 shows the protective effect of human parotid saliva proteins, which is rich in ⁇ -amylase, human whole saliva proteins having a relatively lower ⁇ -amylase concentration than that of parotid saliva proteins, the industrially-produced ⁇ -amylase preparations, and bovine colostrum protein.
  • the protection of enamel offered by industrial ⁇ -amylases was comparable to that of human whole saliva proteins at equal concentrations (0.5% w/v), which in one case was better than bovine colostrum, which has a protective effect against dental erosion.
  • the concentration of saliva proteins (0.5% w/v) used in the assay is far above that found in human parotid saliva, which under in vivo conditions is lower than 0.5% (around 2 mg/mL).
  • the concentration of ⁇ -amylase that may be present in toothpaste can be as high as 5.0% w/v. Therefore, a toothpaste containing ⁇ -amylase can be manufactured to protect teeth against an acid exposure which is better than relying on human saliva.
  • Example 5 A comparison of the protective capacity of ⁇ -amylase in a dental composition substantially free of ionic detergents against acid-induced enamel softening of bovine enamel surfaces
  • the effect of ⁇ -amylase in toothpaste was tested on a standard toothpaste, which was substantially free of anionic surfactant(s) (detergent), (endo)protease(s) and lipase(s), but comprising the non-ionic surfactant, Steareth-30.
  • the fluoride concentration was 1100 ppm and the fluoride source was sodium fluoride.
  • the ⁇ -amylase was the fungal derived ⁇ -amylase Fungamyl from Novo Nordisk, which was mixed with the toothpaste matrix to yield a concentration of 3.0% w/w in the toothpaste.
  • Positive control compositions - Standard toothpaste comprising non-ionic surfactant, Steareth-30, and 1100 ppm of fluoride, but without ⁇ -amylase.
  • Negative control composition - Standard toothpaste comprising non-ionic surfactant, Steareth-30, and 1100 ppm of fluoride, but without ⁇ -amylase.
  • Standard toothpaste with anionic detergent (SLS) and without ⁇ -amylase was 1100 ppm and the fluoride source was sodium fluoride.
  • the selected enamel surfaces were exposed to a coating of toothpaste slurry for 30 minutes.
  • the toothpaste slurry used for coating was introduced onto the enamel surfaces in a dilution of 1 :4 w/w in Millipore water at room temperature. This concentration was comparable to the toothpaste slurries used for coating enamel in similar studies (Fowler et al., 2006).
  • the three toothpaste slurries were tested by immersing the enamel surfaces in 10 ml_ of each toothpaste slurry in a glass vial together with magnet rotating in a propeller fashion. After immersion in toothpaste, each enamel surface was exposed to 2 L of acidic eroding fluid [as given in Materials and methods: 1.4] for 5 minutes under constant and fast stirring. This time period is chosen as 3-5 minutes has previously been shown to be the time it takes for the oral fluids to regain supersaturation following intake of an acidic drink (Bashir and Lagerl ⁇ f, 1996).
  • Holbrook WP Relationship between dental erosion, soft drink consumption, and gastroesophageal reflux among Icelanders.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé thérapeutique de prévention et/ou d’inhibition de l’érosion dentaire chez un sujet mammifère, et la fourniture d’un produit de soin dentaire pour réaliser le procédé. Le produit de soin dentaire de l’invention comprend une enzyme dégradant l’amidon d’E. C. 3.2.1.1, ledit produit comprenant moins de 1 % en poids de surfactant ionique, et étant de préférence sensiblement dépourvu d’endoprotéase et/ou de lipase. Les propriétés du produit de soin dentaire permettent de prévenir et/ou d’inhiber l’érosion dentaire chez un sujet, qui résulte typiquement de l’exposition répétée des surfaces des dents du patient aux acides, pouvant provenir de l’alimentation, des boissons, ou du suc gastrique.
EP09806428A 2008-08-12 2009-08-11 Formulations dentaires destinées à la prévention de l'érosion dentaire Withdrawn EP2341985A1 (fr)

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CH541967A (de) * 1967-06-30 1973-09-30 Pacific Biochemical Inc Gemisch zur Mundpflege und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses Gemisches
FR2860154A1 (fr) * 2003-09-29 2005-04-01 Chris Cardon Composition pour le traitement de la mauvaise haleine

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US6413501B2 (en) * 1997-10-17 2002-07-02 Novozymes A/S Plaque-inhibiting oral compositions
AU3331300A (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-17 Doman Kim Enzyme capable of hydrolyzing plaque, microorganism producing thesame, and a composition comprising the same
AU2001286275A1 (en) * 2001-08-25 2003-03-10 Lifenza Co., Ltd. Enzyme with the removal activities of the plaques, dna sequence encoding said enzyme, the expressing host cell and methods for producing and purifying said enzyme
DE102006004079A1 (de) * 2006-01-28 2007-08-09 Henkel Kgaa Mund- und Zahnpflege und -reinigungsmittel mit Enzymen

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CH541967A (de) * 1967-06-30 1973-09-30 Pacific Biochemical Inc Gemisch zur Mundpflege und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses Gemisches
FR2860154A1 (fr) * 2003-09-29 2005-04-01 Chris Cardon Composition pour le traitement de la mauvaise haleine

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