EP2328245B1 - Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden Elektroden und einer zwischen den Elektroden wirkenden Funkenstrecke - Google Patents

Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden Elektroden und einer zwischen den Elektroden wirkenden Funkenstrecke Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2328245B1
EP2328245B1 EP11153886.4A EP11153886A EP2328245B1 EP 2328245 B1 EP2328245 B1 EP 2328245B1 EP 11153886 A EP11153886 A EP 11153886A EP 2328245 B1 EP2328245 B1 EP 2328245B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
electrodes
chamber
gas
surge arrester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11153886.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2328245A3 (de
EP2328245A2 (de
Inventor
Peter Zahlmann
Arnd Ehrhardt
Ludovit HÜTTNER
Ferdinand Valent
Ludovit Jurcacko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority to SI200531822T priority Critical patent/SI2328245T1/sl
Priority to PL11153886T priority patent/PL2328245T3/pl
Publication of EP2328245A2 publication Critical patent/EP2328245A2/de
Publication of EP2328245A3 publication Critical patent/EP2328245A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2328245B1 publication Critical patent/EP2328245B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/14—Arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester with two divergent electrodes and a spark gap acting between the electrodes, a housing, an effective at the Elektrodenfußtician sliding aid for the arc and means for magnetic blowing of the arc according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a surge arrester is z. B. off GB-A-957359 known.
  • overvoltage arresters based on self-extinguishing spark gaps are used in many cases to protect against overvoltages between two active conductors. These spark gaps also serve to protect against direct lightning strike and must therefore have a high surge current discharge capacity.
  • This requires from the surge arresters the highest possible follow current extinguishing capacity and also an effective follow current limiting, so that the triggering of the overcurrent protection elements of the network can be avoided. Due to the ever more compact design of the installation environment of the surge arrester, in addition to an installation-friendly design of modern devices, the avoidance of the release of ionized gases into the environment when responding is required.
  • Staple trunks for the medium voltage range as they are often used in a series circuit, occasionally have Isoliersteg- and also splitter chambers, but are not designed for lightning currents of high amplitude and today usual DIN rail mounting.
  • Such spark gaps are generally used in a series circuit with varistors, which take over the current limit to a large extent.
  • the movement of the arc is supported in prior art devices with series-connected high inductance blow coils.
  • the housings, and in particular the electrodes are made of materials which can not control significant lightning currents.
  • spark gaps have the disadvantage that the ignition can start with a high pulse current and thus abruptly creates an extremely high pressure load, especially in an encapsulated design, which greatly influences the beginning and the movement of the arc.
  • this generated pressure build-up is not only faster, but often also significantly higher than due to the limiting follow-on currents in switching devices.
  • the mobility of the arc is increased immediately after its ignition by a combination of measures to increase the arc-related intrinsic magnetic field and a staggered gas circulation of the encapsulated executed arrester.
  • At least one of the electrodes for supporting the arc movement is deposited with a ferromagnetic material.
  • an arc chamber is formed within the housing, the electrodes at least partially enclosing, wherein the chamber walls are made of ferromagnetic material or the chamber walls are deposited isolated with a ferromagnetic material.
  • the running behavior at the divergent electrodes is improved by a targeted and staggered gas circulation in the spark gap, which also reduces the pressure reflection and supports the guidance of the arc in a gap-like chamber.
  • the shrinkage of the arc in the current limiting device can be improved in addition to the measures mentioned by the design of the arc inlet region.
  • the electrodes have recesses in the running region of the arc, through which a gas flow reaches the interior of the arc chamber in order to assist the arc movement.
  • the arc chamber walls have further recesses through which a gas flow is guided to support the arc movement in the interior of the arc chamber.
  • the electrodes in the base area each have a bore or the like opening.
  • the bore or the opening is in communication with a groove which is present on the inside of the electrodes, wherein gas can be supplied to the deionization via the bore and the groove of the ignition point of the arc.
  • the arc chamber joins a deion chamber, the deion chamber having an inlet facing the diverging electrodes and a plurality of lateral, slot-shaped outlet openings.
  • cooling cascades are provided or this channel is meandering for cooling the gas.
  • the gas which reaches the hole in the base of the electrode can be mixed with ambient air and thereby also cooled.
  • a mixing chamber is arranged below the base of the electrode, which has one or more bores of small cross-section which also act in a pressure-compensating manner to the environment.
  • the holes in the electrode base reach into the mixing chamber or have a corresponding connection to this.
  • a magnet for promoting the movement of the arc can furthermore be arranged.
  • the aforementioned gas-carrying channels are isolated from each other and performed separately to ensure a targeted flow feedback and circulation to the ignition and the running range of the arc.
  • the channels may have certain predetermined cross-sectional areas.
  • a blow coil which forms a shunt to one of the electrodes, wherein in the arc running direction before the connection point of the coil, the relevant electrode has a high-impedance section or an insulation section.
  • the proposed measure of the deposit of the electrodes with ferromagnetic material to support the arc movement is both easy to implement and inexpensive to implement. These materials may be electrically conductively connected to the divergent electrodes. However, it is expedient to have an insulated arrangement. In particular, this increases the magnetic field at the base of the arc, ie directly at the electrodes. In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed to integrate ferromagnetic materials into the electrodes of erosion-resistant material directly behind or next to the arc running surface. If the ferromagnetic material is integrated directly next to the preferred arc running surface, the material can be covered with an insulator to avoid negative signs of wear. The mobility of the arc root can also be supplemented or increased by the deposit or integration of permanent magnets in one or both electrodes.
  • ausgestaltend the ferromagnetic material may be interrupted for design reasons, or from the deposit of the one electrode and two plates or an L-shape and a plate next to the diverging electrodes are formed.
  • the retention time of the arc can be further influenced by the choice of the electrode material expediently.
  • the electrodes each consist of different materials or of alloys or sintered materials.
  • inhomogeneities of the surface have a positive effect.
  • These can also be material-related.
  • Microscopic or macroscopic Structures which lie parallel to the running direction of the arc are particularly advantageous. The higher field emission caused by these measures promotes a sudden movement of the arc root points, whereby the migration speed can be increased.
  • the neutrodiawa minimum can be supported on the rails by tread design, in particular, edges in the direction of positive effect.
  • the rails may consist of layered in the same direction or the same different materials, whereby the lateral direction to the running direction is reduced.
  • the runner material may contain or be composed of high and low melting components such that edges or peaks are created in the direction of travel to which the arc root points preferentially jump, thereby increasing the arc speed and reducing retention times. Fiber metals, layer metals or corresponding laminates are conceivable here.
  • the above-described measures reduce the tendency of the arc to persist and promote the initial movement of the same.
  • the arc should be extended as quickly as possible and fed to the quenching chamber.
  • the continuous movement is counteracted by the increased pressure and the reflected pressure waves in the encapsulated trap.
  • the return and cooling of the hot gases is preferably carried out laterally adjacent to the arc chamber.
  • the return of the cooled gases takes place to a small extent directly in the ignition region of the arc between the diverging electrodes and their base and serves for deionization in this area.
  • the small amount of gas that is fed into this area passes through an additional area for intensive cooling.
  • the gas is passed through narrow channels, preferably made of metal with a high heat capacity.
  • these channels can be integrated without additional space in them.
  • a necessary for encapsulated trap pressure equalization port of small cross-section can be mounted so that it is in communication with the channel with the intensely cooled gas.
  • This supply can be made via one or more channels along the rails.
  • Particularly favorable for this feed is the electrode area, which lies practically above the main area of the pulsed current load. The arc thus enters this area only after overcoming the retention time and a certain running distance along the divergent electrodes. In this initial range, the support of the arc movement by the intrinsic magnetic field, the ferromagnetic deposit of the electrodes and possibly gas-emitting sliding aids is still sufficient.
  • the staggered gas recirculation avoids that long-lasting pulse currents are prematurely excited or cooled to an accelerated movement, whereby the power consumption and the load of the spark gap can be limited.
  • the gas circulation essentially only the follow-current arc is supported in its movement before it enters the quenching chamber.
  • the running range of the arc to the quenching chamber is designed largely gap-like. This makes it possible to achieve that even arcs with relatively low amperage have a cross section in the region of the gap width and thus the gas can not flow alongside the arc, but the greatest possible force is exerted on the arc.
  • the running behavior of the arc along the electrodes is accelerated by the smallest possible gap width.
  • the gap formation in this running range does not lead to an extreme reduction of the cross section with respect to the area of the momentum discharge, otherwise already In this lower running range strong pressure reflections could occur, which negatively influence the running behavior.
  • the cross section of the arc discharge space in the ignition region is essentially determined by the desired height of the pulse to be controlled and the compressive strength of the electrodes and wall materials.
  • the chamber walls it is possible to store the chamber walls elastically. As a result, the chamber walls can move laterally under strong pressure loads. This measure simultaneously reduces the risk of an electrically conductive connection between the electrodes via the lateral chamber walls.
  • the gas outlet from the arc chamber is not only above the quenching chamber, but already staggered in the course of the quenching chamber with lateral versions.
  • the designs are isolated at splitter plate or Deionwaitn so that the spread of the arc can be prevented.
  • the ends of the metal plates of the quenching chamber are protected by insulating distances before the arc spread.
  • the hot gases are passed after leaving the quenching chamber in channels, which preferably extend on both sides parallel to the arc chamber. In these channels, the gas is cooled and then fed to a relaxation space, from which the supply takes place in the arc chamber in the manner described.
  • the surface of the intended channels and cavities should be as large as possible and the wall materials should have a high heat capacity and thermal conductivity.
  • inner walls can thus serve the magnetic baffles or, if present, and the ferromagnetic U-shaped shell of the quenching chamber, whereby this simultaneously assumes two functions.
  • the sheath should be suitably laminated. So that it does not come to the short circuit of the arc over the envelope, it must be insulated on the inside thin-walled with arc-resistant material. Ideally, this insulation can be carried out as an insulating gap, meandering chamber or Isoliersteghunt. Depending on the design, this embodiment ensures a gradual or also a sudden increase in the arc voltage when entering the gap region. If the insulation material is still made of gas-emitting substances, an additional pressure increase and thus an immediate increase in the arc voltage can be effected.
  • the isolation chamber To increase the extinguishing capacity of the arc chamber, an additional introduction of Deionblechen in the isolation chamber makes sense. Ideally, however, they should have a different height, so that the number of partial arcs only gradually, i. time-delayed increases. Alternatively, the inlet slots of the sheets can be designed differently or asymmetrically, to force a gradual division of the arc.
  • the inlet of the arc into the quenching chamber should be forced immediately after the ignition range of the arc or after a very short acceleration distance, otherwise no effective current limitation is possible.
  • the shorter the lead-in area the higher the risk of re-ignition in the region of the ignition range of the spark gap, since the cooling and the deionization of the ignition range within a short period of time and limited possible.
  • an extension of the acceleration section or a deflection of the arc is possible.
  • the arc propagation can be tilted by a certain angle to the emergence of the arc or it can be the arc, for example, in a meandering chamber and laterally to its place of origin be offset. With these measures, a direct beam effect of the arc on the ignition is avoidable.
  • blister coils can be used according to the invention.
  • a homogeneous, independent of the current field field can also be realized by the use of permanent magnets.
  • the guidance of the connections to the ignition point can be designed so that an additional force pulls the arc into the chamber. It is conceivable here, e.g. to put a connection loop around the quenching chamber.
  • the surge current flowing as a result of the ignition of the spark gap is fed via a separate lead without a bobbin or a separate winding coil winding with low number of turns to ignition point and that the follow current through a blow coil with a relatively high number of turns to lead, which already generates a strong magnetic field at low currents.
  • this is realized by two power supply to at least one spark plug or an electrode.
  • the electrode is interrupted at one point in an electrically conductive manner or high-resistance. After the arc has been ignited and the surge current, the arc skips over this region and the follow current flows over the blow coil or the portion of the higher number of turns of the blow coil.
  • the electrodes are manufactured in the ignition range of the surge currents from erosion-resistant material.
  • the width and height of these erosion-resistant surfaces on the electrodes in the ignition area should not be less than 4 mm.
  • the surge arrester after Fig. 1 has an outer housing, which represents a quasi-pressure-tight enclosure.
  • Electrodes 1a and 1b diverge like a horn.
  • the electrodes 1 have a continuous bore 14 and on its inner side a vertical recess 13, which together form a channel, can be supplied via the gas 8 between the electrodes for deionization of the ignition point 4 in the interior of the spark gap.
  • lateral or frontal recesses may be provided on the electrodes 1.
  • the electrodes 1 additionally have in the running region of the arc lateral recesses 2, through which the main part of the gas circulation 7 to support the arc movement is supplied to the interior of the spark gap.
  • the supply of the gas in this area can also take place by means of lateral recesses 3 or through corresponding apertures or holes in the arc chamber walls 11.
  • These chamber walls may be backed with ferromagnetic material 10 to aid in arc motion.
  • the gas passes through several staggered mounted side openings and after the complete passage through the above provided Deionhunt 6, which is almost a part of the arc chamber.
  • the gas flows in one, but preferably in a plurality of separate channels 12, which extend on one or both sides next to the arc chamber 11.
  • the cooling can be done here both on existing insulation materials and on the metal components.
  • the gas 8, which serves to deionize the ignition region, is further cooled by the guide in the channel within the electrodes.
  • An additional cooling can be realized by a meandering guide 5 of the gas along cooling walls.
  • FIG. 2 The side view of an embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 2 shows again the main electrodes 1a and 1b, wherein one of the main electrodes (1b) for supporting the arc movement with a ferromagnetic material 10 is deposited. Together with the ferromagnetic material in or on the arc chamber walls 10 (see Fig. 1 ), the ignition and the running range of the arc between the two main electrodes 1a and 1b is enclosed in a U-shape.
  • Ausgestaltend a magnet 15 can be mounted in the ignition area, whereby the solicitdazzling Gay the arc is promoted.
  • the gas outlet from the arc quenching chamber 6 takes place both through the side openings 17 of the chamber and at the top of the chamber.
  • the escaping gas on the sides, but also on the top can be performed in separate, mutually insulated channels.
  • the return of the gas to close the circulation takes place both in the ignition region through the electrodes and in the running region of the arc via the openings. 2
  • Fig. 3 shows a view of the end face of a surge arrester according to the invention, in which the main electrodes 1 and the ignition area are already surrounded by the arc-quenching chamber (Deionhunt) 6.
  • the time can be reduced until the arc enters the chamber and the ferromagnetic material of the Deion chamber accelerates the ignition of the movement of the arc.
  • the illustration after Fig. 3 the possibility of surrounding the entire arc chamber 6 with a U-shaped ferromagnetic enclosure 18. These as well as the passages for gas circulation are suitably arranged in isolation to the arc chamber 6.
  • a bluff coil 19 is used to amplify the magnetic field at follow-up current.
  • This coil forms a shunt to one of the main electrodes 1.
  • the arc is ignited at impulse load at the ignition point 4 between the main electrodes 1.
  • the pulse current flows directly via the main electrode 1 and not via the coil 19. Due to the short duration of the pulse discharge, the arc remains in region 20 between the main electrodes.
  • the arc also reaches the region between the electrodes, which is identified by the reference numeral 30.
  • the base of the arc reaches the position 22 on the electrode with connected blow coil 19. At this point, the electrode is high impedance or isolated interrupted. After skipping this point, the current flows through the blow coil 19, thereby causing the arc movement to be assisted.
  • the bluff coil 19 may additionally have so-called guide plates, which in turn comprise the running region of the arc in a U-shape.
  • the openings 21 for deionization of the ignition point 4 are designed as grooves transversely and not as a continuous bore in the electrodes.
  • the openings of the gas circulation to support the running behavior of the arc 2 may be mounted above, but also partially below the point of interruption 22.
  • the proposed solution makes it possible to specify an encapsulated surge arrester based on a spark gap with diverging electrodes, wherein a special gas circulation takes place in such a way that the hot gas is staggered and discharged in separate channels from the current limiting device and cooled, and in turn is supplied to at least in the arc running direction and separate openings through the channels of the arc chamber cold gas.
  • cold gas can still be supplied from outside through a pressure equalization opening.
  • the U-shaped ferromagnetic material causes a self-magnetic field gain around at least one electrode, wherein the arc chamber can be surrounded with ferromagnetic material.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
EP11153886.4A 2005-01-10 2005-10-24 Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden Elektroden und einer zwischen den Elektroden wirkenden Funkenstrecke Not-in-force EP2328245B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200531822T SI2328245T1 (sl) 2005-01-10 2005-10-24 Prenapetostni odvodnik z divergentnima elektrodama in med elektrodama delujočim iskrilom
PL11153886T PL2328245T3 (pl) 2005-01-10 2005-10-24 Ochronnik przepięciowy z dwiema rozbieżnymi elektrodami i działającym między elektrodami iskiernikiem

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005001140 2005-01-10
DE102005015401.8A DE102005015401B4 (de) 2005-01-10 2005-04-04 Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden Elektroden und einer zwischen den Elektroden wirkenden Funkenstrecke
EP05798524A EP1836752B1 (de) 2005-01-10 2005-10-24 Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden elektroden und einer zwischen den elektroden wirkenden funkenstrecke

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05798524.4 Division 2005-10-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2328245A2 EP2328245A2 (de) 2011-06-01
EP2328245A3 EP2328245A3 (de) 2013-03-06
EP2328245B1 true EP2328245B1 (de) 2013-12-11

Family

ID=35482833

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05798524A Not-in-force EP1836752B1 (de) 2005-01-10 2005-10-24 Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden elektroden und einer zwischen den elektroden wirkenden funkenstrecke
EP11153886.4A Not-in-force EP2328245B1 (de) 2005-01-10 2005-10-24 Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden Elektroden und einer zwischen den Elektroden wirkenden Funkenstrecke

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05798524A Not-in-force EP1836752B1 (de) 2005-01-10 2005-10-24 Überspannungsableiter mit zwei divergierenden elektroden und einer zwischen den elektroden wirkenden funkenstrecke

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1836752B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP4753095B2 (pl)
CN (1) CN101107756B (pl)
AT (1) ATE498931T1 (pl)
DE (2) DE102005015401B4 (pl)
PL (2) PL1836752T3 (pl)
RU (1) RU2380807C2 (pl)
SI (1) SI2328245T1 (pl)
WO (1) WO2006074721A1 (pl)

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DE102013224720B4 (de) 2013-12-03 2016-07-07 J. Pröpster GmbH Überspannungsableiteinrichtung mit einem Überspannungsableiter und einer Löscheinheit
DE102014209261A1 (de) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Funkenstreckenanordnung mit verbesserter Kühlung
US9515464B2 (en) * 2014-12-30 2016-12-06 Schneider Electric USA, Inc. Bus end arc interrupter
LU93206B1 (en) 2016-09-13 2018-03-16 Abb Schweiz Ag Protection of a surge arrester with a better protection against failure from thermal overload in case of a temporary overvoltage in an electrical grid line
DE102018117275B3 (de) * 2018-05-24 2019-07-04 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Nichtrotationssymmetrische Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Deionkammer
DE102018121138B3 (de) * 2018-08-29 2019-12-05 Dehn Se + Co Kg Miniaturisierte Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit integrierter Deionkammer
CN112117746B (zh) * 2019-06-20 2022-05-24 王巨丰 一种消除档距中央闪络和工频绝缘强度损失的方法及系统
DE102019209477B4 (de) 2019-06-28 2021-01-21 Dehn Se + Co Kg Blitzschutz-Funkenstrecke
RU198701U1 (ru) * 2019-08-09 2020-07-23 Акционерное общество "Янтарьэнерго" Устройство защиты от импульсных перенапряжений
DE102020214136B3 (de) 2020-11-10 2021-12-09 Dehn Se + Co Kg Blitzschutz-Funkenstrecke

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2328245T3 (pl) 2014-05-30
PL1836752T3 (pl) 2011-07-29
DE502005010986D1 (de) 2011-03-31
RU2380807C2 (ru) 2010-01-27
EP2328245A3 (de) 2013-03-06
DE102005015401A1 (de) 2006-07-27
SI2328245T1 (sl) 2014-04-30
EP1836752A1 (de) 2007-09-26
EP2328245A2 (de) 2011-06-01
JP2008527640A (ja) 2008-07-24
WO2006074721A1 (de) 2006-07-20
EP1836752B1 (de) 2011-02-16
JP4753095B2 (ja) 2011-08-17
RU2007124540A (ru) 2009-02-20
DE102005015401B4 (de) 2014-03-20
CN101107756A (zh) 2008-01-16
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